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Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been extensively used as non-metallic electrodes. However, the relatively low electrical conductivity of pristine PEDOT:PSS film restricts its further application. Although doping high content conductive filler or increasing the film thickness are effective for enhancing the electrical property, the transparency is sacrificed, which limits the application of PEDOT:PSS films. In this study, preparing PEDOT:PSS composite film with highly conductive and transparent property was the primary purpose. To achieve this goal, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was chosen to composite with PEDOT:PSS. The spin-coated SWCNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film exhibited excellent electrical conductivity and transparency. The electrical conductivity of composite film with desired transmittance property (78%) reached the highest value (1060.96 S cm−1) at the SWCNTs content was 6 wt%. Under the modification process applied in this work, the non-conductive PSS was partially removed by incorporated DMSO and SWCNTs. Then, the molecular chains of PEDOT stretched and adsorbed onto the surface of SWCNTs, forming a highly efficient three-dimensional conductive structure, which contributed to the enhancement of electrical conductivity and transparency. Additionally, the spin-coating process allowed for the reduction of film thickness, ensuring better transparency. This research contributed to expanding the further applications of PEDOT:PSS films in high-performance transparent film electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of toluene (Tol) and pyridine (Py) azeotropes is significant in the chemical industry. Herein, we present a new method for the energy-efficient separation of Tol and Py using pillar[5]arene-based adaptive macrocycle co-crystals (MCCs) that can selectively separate Py from a Py/Tol equimolar mixture with 99.2% purity, accompanied by vapochromic behavior from white to yellow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed dynamic absorbers have many advantages such as wide frequency bandwidth for vibration suppression, strong detuning adaptability, and high system stability, making them very suitable for the vibration and noise control of continuous structures. Therefore, they have broad application prospects in various fields such as transportation, aviation, and aerospace. However, there are still many challenges in the engineering applications of distributed dynamic absorbers for vibration suppression, including the engineering realization of the optimal damping of traditional optimal coherence dynamic absorbers, and the engineering applicability of the finite periodic array dynamic absorbers. Based on the damping material properties obtained by the dynamic mechanical analyzer tests, this paper establishes the finite element model of the cantilever-beam-type dynamic absorber with constrained damping layers, aiming to realize the accurate determination of the optimal damping. Experiments are conducted by attaching the traditional dynamic absorbers with the optimal damping to a thin-walled panel with four clamped edges. Results show that the vibration of the panel is well suppressed, with the reduction of the frequency response peak larger than 14 dB and the reduction ratio of RMS larger than 58% within 500 Hz. Afterwards, the periodically arrayed dynamic absorbers are designed according to the bandgap regulation method. The tuning behavior of the arrayed dynamic absorbers by changing designing parameters is investigated. The vibration reduction effect of arrayed dynamic absorbers is compared with that of the traditional dynamic absorbers under the same mass ratio through experiments. Results indicate that the arrayed dynamic absorbers are easier to design, and have a similar reduction effect on the modal vibration of the thin panel as the traditional dynamic absorbers within a narrow frequency range near the natural frequency, while they perform unsatisfactory in a broad band. Significantly, if the appropriate frequency and damping of the arrayed absorbers are chosen, a relatively wide bandgap can also be generated, which shows high engineering applicability. The research work in this paper provides beneficial reference for the design of distributed dynamic absorbers suitable for vibration suppression of thin-walled panel structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coalbed methane is a hot spot for gas exploration at present, and fractures are widely developed in the coals. However, despite being essential for a number of geophysical applications such as reservoir prediction and hydraulic fracturing, the influence of fractures on the elastic properties and anisotropy of coals is still poorly understood. Therefore, three groups of cylindrical coals were drilled along the face and butt cleat directions to study the effects of pressure and fracture on the elastic properties and anisotropy of tectonic coals. The velocity along the face cleat direction is less sensitive to the pressure than that along the butt cleat direction due to the difference in compliant pore and fracture content. Coals display a strong directional dependence in petrophysical and elastic properties. The permeabilities and velocities of samples along the butt cleat direction are much lower than those along the face cleat direction. The fracture densities are quantitatively characterized by the theoretical model. The values along the face cleat direction are much smaller than those along the butt cleat direction. The influence of fractures on the elastic properties and anisotropy is comprehensively studied by theoretical and laboratory methods. The mineralogy and fracture effects are important factors to the elastic anisotropy of coals, the latter can be a dominant factor to the coal elastic anisotropy. The results can contribute to the understanding of the cleat system of coalbed methane reservoir and can provide a critical rock physics basis for micro‐seismic fracture monitoring and reservoir prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease that causes blindness and vision loss in diabetic. Risk factors for DR include high blood glucose levels and some environmental factors. The pathogenesis is based on inflammation caused by interferon and other nuclear proteins. This review article provides an overview of DR and discusses the role of nuclear proteins in the pathogenesis of the disease. Some core proteins such as MAPK, transcription co-factors, transcription co-activators, and others are part of this review. In addition, some current advanced treatment resulting from the role of nuclear proteins will be analyzes, including epigenetic modifications, the use of methylation, acetylation, and histone modifications. Stem cell technology and the use of nanobiotechnology are proposed as promising approaches for a more effective treatment of DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woodwork is involved in a variety of interactions with humans through physical contact, which may reveal valuable information if the tactile data can be unnoticeably extracted. In this work, an intelligent iontronic wood (iWood) device, along with its seamlessly integrated architecture into the woodwork, enabled by the iontronic sensing principle, is implemented. Notably, the tactile sensing structure is generated at the iontronic interface between ionic and conductive woods. In particular, the ionic wood is established by infusing an ionic liquid into the wood, followed by immobilizing it via chemical bonding, presenting both prominent ionic conductivity and excellent stability under pressure. By formatting the woods into identical strips, the high‐density tactile sensing array can be simply formed by a braiding process for a scalable interwoven structure. As a result, the iWood device has offered a high sensitivity over a broad detection of 0.5 MPa and an array of 40 × 90 units covering an area up to 3600 cm2. The iWood device is showcased as an interactive human interface, demonstrating its potential as a smart desktop capable of gesture and object recognition, a health‐tracking chair for real‐time ballistocardiograph monitoring, and an embedded intelligent floor for weight management and gait analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the intuitiveness and automation of demand‐side resource selection, a demand‐side resource selection method based on load mapping matching is proposed in view of the increasing challenges of supply–demand balance in power networks and the rapid development of power demand‐side management technologies. First, a two‐dimensional load mapping of demand‐side resources is drawn, and the load mapping is processed by Gaussian convolutional difference method. Then, feature points are extracted and located for the target resources and the loads of other resources in the demand‐side resource pool, and similar feature key point pairs of demand‐side resources are obtained. Finally, the demand‐side resources with similar load characteristics to the target resources in the resource pool are screened according to the number of similar feature key point pairs, and the load resources similar to the target resources are finally identified by dividing the resource selection into priority levels. The experimental results show that the method can effectively extract feature key points, clearly and intuitively represent the features of demand‐side resource load mapping, and can match to load resources with similar characteristics, which greatly transforms the demand‐side resource selection mode. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a key anode reaction in chlor‐alkali electrolysis. Although non‐precious metals have been widely used as CER catalysts, their low catalytic activity has been a major constraint on their development. Herein, 1D Co3O4 coupled with 2D Ti3C2 MXene on carbon cloth for highly efficient CER is reported by constructing two different heterojunctions (1D Co3O4 tip to 2D Ti3C2 face and 1D face to 2D face) through electronic coupling and strong interfacial interaction. The decreased electron density around O atoms in Co─O and Ti─O at two heterojunctions is more conducive to the adsorption of Cl−, thereby reducing the free energy of the reaction and jointly promoting CER. Consequently, the MXene@Co3O4/CC (carbon cloth) exhibits a low overpotential of 86 mV at 10 mA cm−1, low tafel slope of 47.9 mV dec−1, which is superior to commercial DSA and other non‐precious metal materials. This work provides new insights into the rational design of multiple heterojunctions, which leads to a new path for non‐precious metal catalysts in CER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Co/Ni‐NC catalyst with hetero‐diatomic Co/Ni active sites dispersed on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix is synthesized via the controlled pyrolysis of ZIF‐8 containing Co2+ and Ni2+ compounds. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that Co and Ni are atomically and uniformly dispersed in pairs of CoN4‐NiN4 with an intersite distance ≈0.41 nm, and there is long‐range d–d coupling between Co and Ni with more electron delocalization for higher bifunctional activity. Besides, the in situ grown carbon nanotubes at the edges of the catalyst particles allow high electronic conductivity for electrocatalysis process. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate the superior ORR and OER bifunctionality of Co/Ni‐NC catalyst with a narrow potential gap of only 0.691 V and long‐term durability, significantly prevailing over the single‐atom Co‐NC and Ni‐NC catalysts and the benchmark Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. Co/Ni‐NC catalyzed Zn–air batteries achieve a high specific capacity of 771 mAh g−1 and a long continuous operation period up to 340 h with a small voltage gap of ≈0.65 V, also much superior to Pt/C‐RuO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edamame is a nutritious and economically valuable soybean. The moisture content is an important indicator of the quality of the edamame. The traditional methods in the detection of moisture content of edamame have the disadvantage of large detection errors. In this research, the fusion of transmittance and reflectance spectra of hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics was proposed to predict the moisture content of edamame. Also, the effect of different preprocessing of the spectra on the predictive performance was analyzed. Single spectra, primary fusion spectra, and intermediate fusion spectra were established as the prediction models for partial least squares regression (PLSR) and partial least squares support vector regression (LSSVR), respectively. The results of the prediction models showed that the spectral transform absorption (STA) combined with PLSR has the best prediction performance for a single spectrum with predictive correlation (RP) of 0.7749 and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 1.7. Standard normal variate (SNV) combined with LSSVR has the best prediction performance for primary fusion spectra with RP of 0.8821 and RPD of 1.9. SNV combined with LSSVR has the best prediction performance for intermediate fusion spectra with RP of 0.9149 and RPD of 2.4. The Rp and RPD of prediction models of the moisture content of edamame based on fusion spectra were significantly improved compared with single spectra. Compared with primary fusion, intermediate fusion is a more suitable fusion strategy. This research provides experimental basis for the prediction of moisture content of edamame using spectral fusion combined with chemometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular pathways that detect DNA damage are useful for identifying genes that suppress DNA damage, which can cause genome instability and cancer predisposition syndromes when mutated. We identified 199 high-confidence and 530 low-confidence DNA damage-suppressing (DDS) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a whole-genome screen for mutations inducing Hug1 expression, a focused screen for mutations inducing Ddc2 foci, and data from previous screens for mutations causing Rad52 foci accumulation and Rnr3 induction. We also identified 286 high-confidence and 394 low-confidence diverse genome instability-suppressing (DGIS) genes through a whole-genome screen for mutations resulting in increased gross chromosomal rearrangements and data from previous screens for mutations causing increased genome instability as assessed in a diversity of genome instability assays. Genes that suppress both pathways (DDS+ DGIS+) prevent or repair DNA replication damage and likely include genes preventing collisions between the replication and transcription machineries. DDS+ DGIS− genes, including many transcription-related genes, likely suppress damage that is normally repaired properly or prevent inappropriate signaling, whereas DDS− DGIS+ genes, like PIF1 , do not suppress damage but likely promote its proper, nonmutagenic repair. Thus, induction of DNA damage markers is not a reliable indicator of increased genome instability, and the DDS and DGIS categories define mechanistically distinct groups of genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system with singular chemotactic sensitivity and source functions, which is originally introduced by Short et al to model the spatio-temporal behaviour of urban criminal activities with the particular value of the chemotactic sensitivity parameter $\chi =2$. The available analytical findings for this urban crime model including $\chi =2$ are restricted either to one-dimensional setting, or to initial data and source functions with appropriate smallness, or to initial data and source functions with some radial symmetry. In the present work, our first result asserts that for any $\chi \gt 0$ the initial-boundary value problem of this urban crime model possesses a global generalised solution in the two-dimensional setting, without imposing any small or radial conditions on initial data and source functions. Our second result presents the asymptotic behaviour of such solution, under some additional assumptions on source functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of human society and the surge of engineering construction, the disturbance of the geological environment has grown substantial. The influence of extreme climatic factors and the frequency of geological disasters have increased. Landslide is an important geological disaster. The foundational research in geological disaster detection or monitoring involves studying the physical phenomena associated with the occurrence of landslides, analyzing their signal characteristics, and indirectly determining their development and changes. This scientific area is worthy of in-depth exploration. However, research on the key design and specific implementation of electromagnetic instruments tailored for landslide detection remains lacking. This study is based on the interdisciplinary theoretical system of electronic circuits, embedded computer science, digital signal processing technology, geophysics, and engineering geology. It independently develops a functional prototype of an electromagnetic detector for landslide detection. This design combines the current level of development of electronic disciplines and applies the embedded multicore Da Vinci industrial-grade computer system in the field of earth detection instruments. This study then designs and implements a landslide detection system with independent intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Protein solubility is a critically important physicochemical property closely related to protein expression. For example, it is one of the main factors to be considered in the design and production of antibody drugs and a prerequisite for realizing various protein functions. Although several solubility prediction models have emerged in recent years, many of these models are limited to capturing information embedded in one-dimensional amino acid sequences, resulting in unsatisfactory predictive performance. Results: In this study, we introduce a novel Graph Attention network-based protein Solubility model, GATSol, which represents the 3D structure of proteins as a protein graph. In addition to the node features of amino acids extracted by the state-of-the-art protein large language model, GATSol utilizes amino acid distance maps generated using the latest AlphaFold technology. Rigorous testing on independent eSOL and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae test datasets has shown that GATSol outperforms most recently introduced models, especially with respect to the coefficient of determination R2, which reaches 0.517 and 0.424, respectively. It outperforms the current state-of-the-art GraphSol by 18.4% on the S. cerevisiae_test set. Conclusions: GATSol captures 3D dimensional features of proteins by building protein graphs, which significantly improves the accuracy of protein solubility prediction. Recent advances in protein structure modeling allow our method to incorporate spatial structure features extracted from predicted structures into the model by relying only on the input of protein sequences, which simplifies the entire graph neural network prediction process, making it more user-friendly and efficient. As a result, GATSol may help prioritize highly soluble proteins, ultimately reducing the cost and effort of experimental work. The source code and data of the GATSol model are freely available at https://github.com/binbinbinv/GATSol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the latest classification of thyroid tumors released by the WHO in 2022, primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCTh) is classified as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). The objective of this study was to determine the differences in characteristics between ATC and PSCCTh and develop a nomogram to predict overall survival patients with the redefined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (rATC). Methods: Patients diagnosed with ATC and PSCCTh between 2000 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled and randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort with a ratio of 7:3. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine independent prognostic factors of rATC patients. We then developed and validated nomograms to predict the 3-, 6- and 12-month OS of rATC and the results were evaluated by C-index and calibration curves. Results: After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1338 ATC and 127 PSCCTh patients were included in the study. Further, OS and CSS of patients with PSCCTh were better than that of patients with ATC. Prognostic factors were not identical for the two cancers. Multivariate Cox model analysis indicated that age, tumor size, metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for CSS in patients with ATC; while for patients with PSCCTh, the corresponding factors are age, and surgery. We selected six survival predictors (age, tumor size, metastasis, surgery, radiation, and, chemotherapy) for nomogram construction. The C-indexes in the training and validation cohort were 0.740 and 0.778, respectively, reflecting the good discrimination ability of the model. The calibration curves also showed good consistency in the probability of 3-, 6-, and 12-month OS between the actual observation and the nomogram prediction. Conclusion: We constructed a nomogram to provide a convenient and reliable tool for predicting OS in rATC patients. Prognostic factors influencing CSS were not identical in patients with ATC and PSCCTh. These findings indicate that different clinical treatment and management plans are required for patients with these two types of thyroid cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic aerogels are gaining increasing attention due to their low density, high‐temperature resistance, and excellent chemical stability. However, conventional ceramic aerogels are hindered by their intrinsic brittleness and limited dielectric properties, which restrict their scalable manufacturing and multifunctional applications. Here, ultralight, biomimetic porous, electrically and magnetically conductive ceramic nanofibrous aerogels composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanofibers, graphene, and metal–organic framework (MOF) derivatives are prepared through an ice‐templating freeze‐casting followed by annealing approach. The renewable SiO2 nanofibers form robust bonding points with graphene, constructing interconnected high‐porosity aerogels with good mechanical resilience. This allows for efficient integration of MOF‐derived magnetic nanoparticles associated with a synergistic mechanical enhancement. The synergies of the dielectric and magnetic components, combined with the uniformly arranged sheet‐like cell walls which facilitate the outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Moreover, the hydrophobic ceramic aerogels showcase excellent magnetothermal conversion, contributing to the application in wireless therapy, antibacterial, and magnetothermal deicing. Furthermore, the nanofibrous aerogels exhibit good thermal stability and insulation properties, rendering them highly suitable for thermal management devices in extreme conditions. With the renewable, convenient, and scalable manufacturing method, these multifunctional ceramic nanofibrous aerogels thus hold great promise in electromagnetic protection, wireless heating, and next‐generation thermal management devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs is challenging due to their low solubility and poor permeability. Deep eutectic solvent (DES)/or ionic liquid (IL)-mediated nanocarriers are attracting increasing attention. However, most of them require the addition of auxiliary materials (such as surfactants or organic solvents) to maintain the stability of formulations, which may cause skin irritation and potential toxicity. Results: We fabricated an amphiphilic DES using natural oxymatrine and lauric acid and constructed a novel self-assembled reverse nanomicelle system (DES-RM) based on the features of this DES. Synthesized DESs showed the broad liquid window and significantly solubilized a series of sparingly soluble drugs, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models with good prediction ability were further built. The experimental and molecular dynamics simulation elucidated that the self-assembly of DES-RM was adjusted by noncovalent intermolecular forces. Choosing triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as a model drug, the skin penetration studies revealed that DES-RM significantly enhanced TA penetration and retention in comparison with their corresponding DES and oil. Furthermore, in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that TA@DES-RM exhibited good anti-psoriasis therapeutic efficacy as well as biocompatibility. Conclusions: The present study offers innovative insights into the optimal design of micellar nanodelivery system based on DES combining experiments and computational simulations and provides a promising strategy for developing efficient transdermal delivery systems for sparingly soluble drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreland thrust belts are globally significant areas for oil and gas exploration. These belts undergo unique tectonic activity, resulting in distinct variations in the accumulation of oil and gas. Studying the genetic evolution of deep oil and gas in these thrust belts is a crucial means of revealing the patterns of deep oil and gas accumulation. This study utilized a novel approach that combines reservoir geochemistry and basin simulation to determine the migration process of oil and gas in the foreland thrust fault belt of northwestern Sichuan Province. To achieve this goal, we established a thermal evolution model of lower Palaeozoic source rocks through organic chemical analysis. The balanced profile technique was used to determine the paleotectonic evolution pattern of the critical period in this area. Additionally, the mixed flow migration algorithm was employed to simulate the evolution of the Palaeozoic petroleum system. Through basin petroleum system modelling (BPSM), it was discovered that the bitumen found in the thrust nappe belt originated from the lower Cambrian strata. Furthermore, the gas reservoir in the hidden fault belt primarily migrated from the lower Cambrian strata and was also partially mixed with thermogenic gas from Permian source rocks. After establishing the genetic models of various tectonic belts in the study area, it became clear that there are notable differences in hydrocarbon accumulation within these belts. The BPSM results revealed that the oil present in the thrust nappe belt was generated in Lower Cambrian source rocks through early Indosinian hydrocarbon expulsion and continuous charging. The gas found in the thrust nappe belt was produced through the process of oil cracking in the deep reservoir located in the hidden front belt during the late Indosinian. The depth of the thrust nappe belt has helped to preserve hydrocarbon reservoirs. The natural gas present in the hidden fault belt primarily originates from lower Cambrian source rocks, which are combined with gas generated by oil cracking in lower Permian source rocks after the Yanshanian. Therefore, hydrocarbons accumulate deeply in the footwall of the thrust fault belt. The BPSM offers a fresh approach to hydrocarbon genetic models of thrust fault zones in the western Sichuan Basin, and it is beneficial for accurately evaluating the potential for deep hydrocarbon resources in comparable geological settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ASPAC is an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software for the simulation of flow in turbomachinery. In this paper, with a dual-level hybrid and heterogeneous programming method, we optimized the ASPAC software and ran it on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. Then the unsteady implicit simulation of the 13-stage twin-spool compressor with 6.116 billion grid cells was realized using 611,000 cores. This is an important step closer to solving one of the four challenges mentioned in the "CFD Vision 2030 Study" proposed by NASA. A general solution method for the twin-spool compressor was first proposed. In addition, an efficient large-scale parallel processing method of row interface data exchange was proposed. After that, a series of optimization methods, such as DMA transmission, data packaging, and linear equation system solving process reconstruction, were explored. The test results show that the proposed parallel processing method of row interface data exchange greatly reduces the memory occupation, and the speed of establishing the row interface exchange relationship is increased by two orders of magnitude. Strong scalability testing in the twin-spool 13-stage compressor showed that for 0.765 billion grid cells, ASPAC can achieve 85.0% parallel efficiency when the cores are increased from 10,400 to 624,000; for 6.161 billion grid cells, ASPAC can achieve nearly 100% parallel efficiency when the cores are increased from 208,000 to 611,000. The test shows that the heterogeneous parallel modification of ASPAC on Sunway does not affect the calculation accuracy, and has high scalability, which can play a major role in the large-scale simulation of compressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A material-modified Fresnel reflection enhancing high-sensitive fiber-tip temperature sensing method is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. High refractive index semiconductive nano-ZnO and nano-TiO 2 as doping materials enhance the Fresnel reflection in fiber tip probes, and the interference spectrum of these reflected light shows better sensing performance than when undoped. On this basis, the sensitivity is further improved by utilizing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation due to the UV sensibility of the modified materials. By comparing the sensing performance of different material-doping sensing probes, the ZnO-doped fiber tip sensor witnesses the highest temperature sensitivity, which is 94.1 pm/°C. Thanks to the positive role of UV irradiation, this number increases to 141 pm/°C. The proposed fiber tip sensor has a sturdy structure, simple and economical preparative process, competitive sensitivity, high linearity, satisfactory repeatability, and stability. The micron-scale reflective probe enables better detection of extreme environments and can be expected to conduct high-sensitivity temperature sensing in industrial, biomedical, chemical, environmental, and military regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheduling workload is a demand response strategy for data centers to reshape electricity usage, which provides an opportunity for them to utilize renewable energy. Enhancing the flexibility of workload scheduling would promote the data center to integrate renewable energy. Considering that the improvement of flexibility in workload scheduling is tightly related to the Quality of Service (QoS) required by IT consumers (ITCs), it becomes desirable for the data center to collaborate with them to further facilitate renewable energy integration in demand response programs. This paper proposes a QoS‐based bi‐level demand response model for the data center, where game theory is adopted to resolve the conflict of interest in the collaboration between the data center and ITCs. At the upper level, the data center is a leader who provides differential monetary incentives to ITCs while dispatching workload to integrate renewable energy. At the lower level, ITCs act as followers who adjust the workload's QoS to enhance the flexibility of workload scheduling. Simulation results show that the proposed model can decrease the operating cost of the data center while increasing the utilization of renewable energy. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pectoral fin propulsion of a bionic robotic fish always consists of two phases: propulsion and recovery. The robotic fish moves in a burst-and-coast swimming manner. This study aims to analyze a pair of bionic robotic fish with rigid pectoral fin propulsion with three degrees of freedom and optimize the elliptical propulsion curve with the minimum recovery stroke resistance using computational fluid dynamics methods. Then, the time allocated to the propulsion and recovery phases is investigated to maximize the propulsion performance of the bionic robotic fish. The numerical simulation results show that when the time ratio of the propulsion and recovery phases is 0.5:1, the resistance during the movement of the robotic fish is effectively reduced, and the drag-reducing effect is pronounced. According to a further analysis of pressure clouds and vortex structures, the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream fins of the pectoral fin varies with different stroke ratios. The increase in recovery phase time helps to prevent premature damage to the vortex ring structure generated during the propulsion process and improves propulsion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pumpkin seeds are nutritious and have some medicinal value. However, the mold and sprouting are produced during the storage of pumpkin seeds. Food safety and quality problems may be caused if they are not removed in time for processing. The traditional testing methods are cumbersome to operate, complex, and destructive in sample preparation. Therefore, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) technology was proposed to achieve the detection of the internal quality of pumpkin seeds. Firstly, samples of pumpkin seeds of different qualities were crafted, and they were moldy for 3 days, moldy for 6 days, sprouted and moldy, sprouted and normal pumpkin seeds, respectively. Then, the pumpkin seeds of different qualities were dried, ground, and pressed, and their spectral data were collected. The terahertz spectra of the five types of samples were significantly different. The support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and convolutional neural network (CNN) qualitative discriminant models were established with the raw absorbance spectral data, the preprocessed absorbance spectral data, and the preprocessed and band‐screened absorbance spectral data, respectively, where the CNN model based on the raw spectral data has the highest classification accuracy of 96%. The CNN models do not require advance spectral data processing, simplifying the spectral analysis process. And it achieves best classification results in the accuracy of detection compared to traditional chemometric models. The CNN combined with THz‐TDS method has great potential for application in the detection of agricultural products. It provides a new detection method for the field of quality detection of agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study examined the genes related to PD pathogenesis by tissues and blood samples datasets. • WGCNA and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were used to pinpoint hub genes. • Elevation of FOXO3 , HIST2H2BE , and HDAC1 expression associated with PD pathogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a multifaceted neurological disorder whose genetic underpinnings warrant comprehensive investigation. This study focuses on identifying genes integral to PD pathogenesis and evaluating their diagnostic potential. Initially, we screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PD and control brain tissues within a dataset comprising larger number of specimens. Subsequently, these DEGs were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to discern relevant gene modules. Notably, the yellow module exhibited a significant correlation with PD pathogenesis. Hence, we conducted a detailed examination of the yellow module genes using a cytoscope-based approach to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, which facilitated the identification of central hub genes implicated in PD pathogenesis. Employing two machine learning techniques, including XGBoost and LASSO algorithms, along with logistic regression analysis, we refined our search to three pertinent hub genes: FOXO3 , HIST2H2BE , and HDAC1 , all of which demonstrated a substantial association with PD pathogenesis. To corroborate our findings, we analyzed two PD blood datasets and clinical plasma samples, confirming the elevated expression levels of these genes in PD patients. The association of the genes with PD, as reflected by the area under the curve (AUC) values for FOXO3 , HIST2H2BE , and HDAC1 , were moderate for each gene. Collectively, this research substantiates the heightened expression of FOXO3 , HIST2H2BE , and HDAC1 in both PD brain and blood samples, underscoring their pivotal contribution to the pathogenesis of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of polyurethane porous materials and carbon dioxide on hydrogen/air explosions within an enclosed vessel. Through analysis of peak overpressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, and shock wave propagation velocity, the suppression effects on explosions in hydrogen-air mixtures with different equivalence ratios at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are investigated. Findings indicate that porous materials with a PPI (pores per inch) of 60 significantly mitigate hydrogen/air explosions across all equivalence ratios. Conversely, a PPI below 60 exacerbates the explosions. Simultaneous presentation of PPI60 porous material and a CO 2 addition level of x = 2 (carbon dioxide to oxygen ratio) reduces hydrogen explosion pressure to only 13.7 kPa at "Φ = " 1.2, representing an attenuation rate of 84% and falling well below the human safety threshold of 28 kPa. Independent effects of carbon dioxide and porous materials on hydrogen explosions across various equivalence ratios are also explored. The experimental design encompasses a broad range of equivalence ratios, covering hydrogen's explosive limits. These results contribute to the design of flame arrestors and enhance understanding of explosion suppression in hydrogen systems. • Aterials ≥60 PPI prevent hydrogen explosions; ≤50 PPI promotes explosions. • Higher CO 2 levels enhance hydrogen explosion inhibition. • Further suppression of hydrogen explosions is achieved when they act together. • Compared to porous materials, CO 2 more effectively inhibits pressure rise. • Porous materials more effectively inhibit overpressure compared to CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco is an ideal model plant in scientific research. G-quadruplex is a guanine-rich DNA structure, which regulates transcription and translation. In this study, the prevalence and potential function of G-quadruplexes in tobacco were systematically analyzed. In tobacco genomes, there were 2,924,271,002 G-quadruplexes in the nuclear genome, 430,597 in the mitochondrial genome, and 155,943 in the chloroplast genome. The density of the G-quadruplex in the organelle genome was higher than that in the nuclear genome. G-quadruplexes were abundant in the transcription regulatory region of the genome, and a difference in G-quadruplex density in two DNA strands was also observed. The promoter of 60.4% genes contained at least one G-quadruplex. Compared with up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the G-quadruplex density in down-regulated DEGs was generally higher under drought stress and salt stress. The G-quadruplex formed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) and its flanking sequence in the promoter region of the NtBBX (Nitab4.5_0002943g0010) gene might enhance the drought tolerance of tobacco. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on G-quadruplex function in tobacco and other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing amounts of textile waste, textile to textile recycling is of prime concern. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents the most extensively used type of chemical fiber. Its spinnability suffers from impurities and degradation in the processing, which limits its recycling to new fibers. Here, recycled polyester is blended with a small amount of recycled nylon, and the regenerated fibers, which demonstrated good mechanical properties, were obtained via a melt spinning machine. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, rheological properties, and chemical structure of the modified recycled fibers were investigated. It was found that when compared with rPET-T fibers, the elongation at break of rPET-Ax fibers increased to 17.48%, and the strength at break decreased to 3.79 cN/dtex. The compatibility of PET and PA6 copolymer were enhanced by copolymers produced by in-situ reaction in the processing. Meanwhile, the existence of PA6 increases the crystallization temperature and improves the hydrophilicity of the fibers. This study realized the high-value recycling of waste PET fabric to new fibers, which opens a door for the large utilization of waste textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider an integrated sensing, communication, and computation (ISCC) system to alleviate the spectrum congestion and computation burden problem. Specifically, while serving communication users, a base station (BS) actively engages in sensing targets and collaborates seamlessly with the edge server to concurrently process the acquired sensing data for efficient target recognition. A significant challenge in edge computing systems arises from the inherent uncertainty in computations, mainly stemming from the unpredictable complexity of tasks. With this consideration, we address the computation uncertainty by formulating a robust communication and computing resource allocation problem in ISCC systems. The primary goal of the system is to minimize total energy consumption while adhering to perception and delay constraints. This is achieved through the optimization of transmit beamforming, offloading ratio, and computing resource allocation, effectively managing the trade-offs between local execution and edge computing. To overcome this challenge, we employ a Markov decision process (MDP) in conjunction with the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm, establishing an adaptive learning strategy. The proposed algorithm stands out for its rapid training speed, ensuring compliance with latency requirements for perception and computation in applications. Simulation results highlight its robustness and effectiveness within ISCC systems compared to baseline approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of high vibration and high noise in gear transmission systems, a model of gear with staggered tooth phase structure(GSTPS) for reducing vibration is proposed. Without changing the overall structure of the gear transmission system, the purpose of reducing mesh stiffness fluctuations is achieved by staggering adjacent gears at a certain angle along the axis, thereby the vibration of the gear transmission system could be reduced. The characterization method of time-varying mesh stiffness of the GSTPS is studied. Then, the impact of different staggered tooth phases(STP) on reducing vibration of the transmission system are researched, and the basis for selecting the optimal STP are obtained. The experimental platform for reducing vibration with STP is established. And some experimental studies were conducted to validate the theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tantalum carbide (TaC) samples were placed in a diamond anvil cell to study the equation of state at room temperature and high pressure using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. By fitting the data at ambient pressure and up to the highest pressure of 38.5GPa, we obtained the bulk modulus and first derivative of TaC as K0=290.7 (6.8) GPa and K0′=3.05 (0.49), respectively. In addition, we calculated the bulk modulus and band structure of TaC under high pressure using density functional theory. The obtained bulk modulus is 267 (3)GPa. TaC is metallic in nature throughout the entire pressure range. We studied the high-pressure deviatoric stress of TaC using linewidth analysis method. We found that TaC can support a maximum differential stress of up to 18.6GPa at the highest pressure of 38.5GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel ionic responsive Schiff base organic gelator was successfully designed and synthesized. The solvent selection experiment showed that the gelator showed good thermoreversible gelator behavior in aniline, valerate alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. FT-IR studies have shown that C=O and N–H of molecules participate in the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus promoting the formation of gelator states. The XRD and SEM results show that the molecules self-assemble in the dry gelator to form the entangled network structure. In addition, the fluorescence spectrum test of gelling agent G showed that gelling agent G could specifically recognize Cu2+. Gelator G has good selectivity, low detection limit (2.92 × 10–8 M) and high sensitivity, which can be applied to the detection of Cu2+ in biology, environment and other fields. The results show that gelator G has broad application prospects in materials science, chemistry, biomedicine and other fields. It also confirms that benzopyran-derived hydrazone Schiff base compounds have far-reaching research significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinship is an important issue in history studies. The kinship database is the key resource to analyze the structure, succession, and evolution of families. However, one kinship could be expressed by different words, and one kinship word may be vague and ambiguous in natural languages, especially in pre-modern Chinese. As in the well-known China Biographical Database, which contains 484,066 kinship instances, there are more than 400 kinship words. Thus, the relations extracted from history texts cannot be directly used to build family networks. In this article, we put forward a novel method to normalize kinship relations by three basic relations: father–descendant, mother–descendant, and husband–wife, as well as the gender of each person. All types of kinships are normalized to these three basic relations. In this way, we identified 178,390 basic kinship relations to fully describe the original 462,147 unambiguous kinship instances, while finding 3,989 inconsistencies and inferring 5,805 missing persons. Then, we generate 29,423 families by basic kinship relations and analyze the properties of families, such as their sizes, depths, and intermarriages across families. This type of family analysis had been almost impossible prior to normalizing kinship relations. Therefore, this technique enables improved family database construction and deeper quantitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of the Lode angle on failure and plasticity is considered, and a new Lode angle function on plasticity is developed. Meanwhile, a new temperature coefficient function is proposed in this model, and the application of the model is extended to the range from room temperature to 650°C. The tensile specimens of different shapes have been designed to calibrate the parameters of the model. The tensile tests are carried out on the in situ micro‐tensile machine. For the notched tensile specimens at room temperature to validate the constitutive model, numerical results are consistent with experimental ones well, with an error of 7%. Then, the calibrated model is applied to FE simulations to numerically study the fracture phenomena observed in the test. The fracture positions and damage initiation positions of the shear specimen and the notched tensile specimen can be predicted by FE simulations well, while the smooth tensile specimen cannot be predicted well due to real specimens' imperfections. Highlights: A coupled plasticity‐damage model is proposed.A new Lode angle function and temperature coefficient function are developed.The experimental and numerical damage evolution and fracture edges are in agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the function of ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) and its underlying mechanism in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Using the RNA-Seq data based on GDC TCGA, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of TET1 in PTC. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to assess the TET1 protein level. Then, its diagnostic and prognostic functions were determined by various bioinformatics approaches. Enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential pathways in which TET1 is mainly involved. Finally, the immune cell infiltration analysis was conducted and the association of TET1 mRNA expression with the expression levels of immune checkpoints, tumor mutation burden (TMB) score, microsatellite instability (MSI) score, and cancer stem cells (CSC) score was examined. TET1 expression was lower in PTC tissues compared with that in normal tissues (P < 0.01). Besides, TET1 had a certain value in diagnosing PTC, and low-TET1 mRNA expression led to favorable disease-specific survival (DSS) (P < 0.01). The enrichment analysis revealed autoimmune thyroid disease and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were the consistent pathways in which TET1 participated. TET1 was negatively correlated with the Stromal score and Immune score. The different proportions of immune cell subtypes were observed between high- and low-TET1 expression groups. Interestingly, TET1 mRNA expression was inversely related to the expression levels of immune checkpoints, and TMB, MSI, and CSC scores. TET1 might be a robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PTC. TET1 affected the DSS of PTC patients possibly through the regulation of immune-related pathways and tumor immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of recent developments in wireless communication, sensor technology, and computing technology, researchers have recently shown a significant amount of interest in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which has become feasible as a result of these improvements. Because of the distinctive characteristics of IoV, such as the varied compute and communication capacities of network nodes, it is difficult to process jobs that are time-sensitive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which cloud computing may collaborate with the IoV to make the processing of time-sensitive procedures easier. We propose a vehicle design that makes advantage of cloud computing as a means of accomplishing this goal. Increasing the proportion of time-sensitive jobs that are ultimately completed was the motivation behind the development of the offloading model that we devised. Taking this into perspective, we present an adaptive task offloading and transmission method. Taking into account the ever-changing requirements and constraints on the available resources, this algorithm dynamically organizes all of the tasks into separate cloud link lists on the cloud. Following that, the tasks contained within each list are distributed in a cooperative manner to a number of different nodes, with the characteristics of those nodes being taken into consideration. Following the presentation of the simulation model, we carried out an experimental investigation into the effectiveness of the model that was proposed. It is abundantly evident that the proposed model is effective, as indicated by the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the advantages of laser high brightness, a high-temperature mechanical property measuring device has been developed, which can measure the high-temperature strength of C/SiC composites under the condition of short-term high-temperature rise rate and solve the problem of over-oxidation of materials in conventional high-temperature mechanical properties experiments. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature rise rate is 260 ℃/s at the initial heating stage, and the test time is controlled within 35 s. The tensile strength of the prepared C/SiC composites decreased first and then increased at high temperatures and laser-induced high temperatures. The experimental results are similar to those in the literature under the inert atmosphere. Oxidation has less of an effect on the mechanical characteristics of materials under conditions of rapid temperature rise. The system can be used to test the mechanical properties of composite materials at high temperatures and as a simulation platform for the thermal response of specific thermal protection systems subjected to a constant heat flux. This study can provide a new idea for testing ultra-high temperature mechanical properties of C/SiC materials and provide key technical support for the engineering application and high-temperature testing of C/SiC materials in high-temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have emerged as a rapidly advancing class of porous materials with significant potential for applications in the absorption and detection of various chemicals. Here, the unique ability of amide groups to form endless‐stacking H‐bonds is implemented in the design of HOFs. Starting from benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide and amide‐containing tribenzocyclynes as foundational building blocks, a diverse range of HOFs featuring 1D, 2D, or 3D hydrogen‐bonded frameworks has been synthesized. Among those, all three porous HOFs, HOF_B‐Hex, HOF_T‐Pr and HOF_T‐Hex exhibited permanent porosity, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of amide‐based HOFs strategy. Notably, HOF_T‐Hex stands out with a 42% pore volume and an impressive iodine capture efficiency of 6.4 g g−1. The iodine capture capacity is influenced not only by pore volume but also by the presence of accessible π‐electrons within the material (i.e., electrons not engaged in a π–π stacking interaction. Furthermore, some of these HOFs exhibited fluorescent responses to iodine positioning them as highly promising materials for both the capture and sensing of iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are attracting worldwide attention due to their multiple merits such as extreme safety, low cost, feasible assembly, and environmentally friendly enabled by water-based electrolytes. At present, AZIBs have experienced systematic advances in battery components including cathode, anode, and electrolyte, whereas research involving separators is insufficient. The separator is the crucial component of AZIBs through providing ion transport, forming contact with electrodes, serving as a container for electrolyte, and ensuring the efficient battery operation. Considering this great yet ignored significance, it is timely to present the latest advances in design strategies, the systematic classification and summary of separators. We summarize the separator optimization strategies mainly along two approaches including the modification of the frequently used glass fiber and the exploitation of new separators. The advantages and disadvantages of the two strategies are analyzed from the material types and the characteristics of different strategies. The effects and mechanisms of various materials on regulating the uniform migration and deposition of Zn2+, balancing the excessively concentrated nucleation points, inhibiting the growth of dendrites, and the occurrence of side reactions were discussed using confinement, electric field regulation, ion interaction force, desolvation, etc. Finally, potential directions for further improvement and development of AZIBs separators are proposed, aiming at providing helpful guidance for this booming field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of LGa(Cl)P(cAAC) (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2, MecAAC (MecAAC=1‐(2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylidene) with NaPCO and NaN3 gave LGa(PCO)P(MecAAC) (1) and LGa(N3)P(MecAAC) (2), respectively. DFT calculations on the nature of compounds 1 and 2 reveal a phosphaalkene rather than a carbene‐phosphinidene structure. The reaction of 1 with MecAAC resulted in a nucleophilic attack of the electron‐rich P atom on the γ‐C backbone of the β‐diketiminate ligand to give compound 3 as the major product and cyclic 1,2‐diphospha‐1,3‐butadiene LGa(P2OC)MecAAC (4) in minor yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvalves play a crucial role in manipulating fluid states within a microfluidic system and are finding widespread applications in fields such as biology, medicine, and environmental preservation. Leveraging the characteristics and features of microvalves enables the realization of various complicated microfluidic functions. Continuous advancement in the manufacturing process contributes to more flexible control modes for passive microvalves. As a consequence, these valves are progressively shrinking in size while simultaneously improving in precision and stability. Although active microvalves have the benefits of low leakage, rapid response time, and wide adaptability range, the energy supply system limits the size and even their applicability in integration and miniaturization. In comparison, passive microvalves have the advantage of relying solely on the fluid flow or fluid driving pressure to control the open/close of fluid flow over active microvalves, in spite of having slightly reduced control accuracy. Their self-sustaining feature is highly consistent with the need for assembly and miniaturization in the point-of-care testing technology. Hence, these valves have attracted significant interest for research and application purposes. This review focuses on the recent literature on passive microvalves and details existing passive microvalves from three different aspects: operating principle, processing method, and applications. This work aims to increase the visibility of passive microvalves among researchers and enhance their comprehension by classifying them according to the aforementioned three aspects, facilitating the practical applications and further developments of passive microvalves. Additionally, this paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive and systematic reference for interdisciplinary researchers that intend to design related microfluidic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid societal development and increased engineering construction have exacerbated the disturbance of the geological environment. The impact of extreme climatic factors has grown, leading to a surge in geological disasters, with landslides emerging as particularly significant. Consequently, fundamental research in geological disaster detection or monitoring necessitates an in-depth study of the physical phenomena accompanying landslides' development, evolution, and occurrence. Exploring the signal characteristics associated with landslides is crucial to indirectly understanding their development and change processes—a scientific question deserving thorough exploration. Despite this research's importance, there is a notable gap in the investigation of the key design and specific implementation of electromagnetic instruments tailored for landslide detection. This gap is particularly pronounced in designing and implementing data acquisition software for electromagnetic instruments. This interdisciplinary research draws on theoretical frameworks from embedded computer science, software engineering, digital signal processing technology, geophysics, and engineering geology. It focuses on developing specialized data acquisition application software for landslide detection or monitoring, contributing to the scientific understanding of landslide development and providing independent intellectual property in the electromagnetic wave signal detection field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐dimensional paper‐based microfluidic devices have shown great potential in various applications, including point‐of‐care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and tissue engineering. However, their fabrication is still limited to stacking and origami methods. Inspired by the art of bamboo braiding in China, we developed a novel fabrication technique based on the braiding concept to create three‐dimensional paper‐based microfluidic devices with PDMS‐impregnated paper substrate as the building units. The resulting three‐dimensional paper device brings unique advantages, including compactness, facile disassembly, and real‐time flow visualization. The multiplexed glucose analysis with a braided device integrated with 16‐switchable valves for flow control was further fabricated to demonstrate the device's applicability. We envision braiding‐based fabrication technology opening new possibilities and bringing broad applications for three‐dimensional paper microfluidic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE), a type of vascular tumor, with a specific gene fusion called EGFL7:FOSB. The first case of PHE with this fusion showed widespread metastasis, while the second case presented with a more typical clinical presentation without evidence of distant tumors or metastasis. The article explores the variations in PHE, including tumor size, location, and involvement of different tissues. The authors also discuss the potential role of the EGFL7:FOSB fusion and other genomic alterations in the clinical outcome of PHE, including distant metastasis. [Extracted from the article]

We study the no-flux initial-boundary value problem of a chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity of the following form ⋆ u t = Δ u - χ ∇ · u ∇ ln v - u + g 1 , v t = Δ v - v + u v (1 - v) + g 2 , over a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R n , with chemotaxis coefficient χ > 0 and nonnegative source functions g 1 and g 2 , which was proposed by Pitcher to describe the dynamics of burglaries. From the recent results it is known that, if n = 2 , then such problem admits a global generalized solution for any initial data and any χ > 0 , and possesses a global classical solution for small initial data and small χ . This paper presents that for all reasonably regular initial data and any χ > 0 the corresponding homogeneous Neumann initial-boundary value problem possesses a generalized solution in higher-dimensional settings (i.e., n ≥ 3 ). The asymptotic behavior of generalized solutions is explored as well under some additional assumptions on the source functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to test the δ18O and δ34S nanogram‐scale homogeneity of a suite of candidate sulfate minerals, ultimately selecting three barite, two anhydrite, and two gypsum samples from the Royal Ontario Museum that have repeatabilities for their SIMS measurements of better than ±0.39‰ and ±0.37‰ (1s) for oxygen and sulfur isotope ratios, respectively. Metrological splits of each of the seven materials were sent to multiple gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry laboratories in order to establish their absolute 18O/16O and 34S/32S ratios. The inter‐laboratory results of GS‐IRMS analyses yielded reasonably narrow ranges in δ18OVSMOW, whereas larger variations in δ34SVCDT values were found between the results from the gas source laboratories. All samples have good reproducibility within laboratories of GS‐IRMS 103δ18O values of between ±0.24‰ and ±0.44‰ (1s). The reproducibility within laboratories of GS‐IRMS 103δ34S values range from ±0.07‰ to ±0.99‰ (1s). Here we also discuss some of the current analytical limitations affecting these isotope‐mineral systems. A total of 256 metrological splits have been prepared from each of these seven materials; these aliquots will be made available to the global geochemical community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialized seeding production is one of the most important methods used to raise seedlings in a standardized and efficient manner. However, its consumption of light energy limits its development. In this paper, we studied the effects of LED light intensities (30 (L1), 60 (L2), 90 (L3), 120 (L4), 150 (L5), 180 (L6), and 210 (L7) µmol·m−2·s−1) on the phenotypic parameters and health index of seedlings during different growth stages (cotyledon flattening (CF), one bud and one leaf (OBOL), and one bud and two leaves (OBTL)). Ten out of sixteen plants were selected to measure the parameters in every treatment. The control group was treated with 150 µmol·m−2·s−1 all the time. The results show that the height of the L1-treated plants was greatest during the cotyledon flattening stage. The L7 treatment produced the largest stem diameter, the greatest biomass, the largest leaf area, and the largest leaf circumference, the values of which were 2.61 mm, 3.3 g, 60.67 cm2, and 39.71 cm, respectively. During the one bud and one leaf stage, the L1 treatment produced the tallest plants. The L7 treatment resulted in the largest stem diameter, the greatest biomass, the largest leaf area, and the largest leaf circumference. During the one bud and two leaves stage, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf circumference, and biomass produced of the L6 treatment were the greatest, with values of 68.37 mm, 3.09 mm, 51.54 cm, and 4.47 g. L5 resulted in the largest leaf area (63.91 cm2). The seedling index of the three stages showed an inflection point at the L4 level. The experimental results showed that the light intensity required by the cucumber seedlings was 120 µmol·m−2·s−1, 150 µmol·m−2·s−1, and 120 µmol·m−2·s−1 during the three stages, from the cotyledon flattening stage to the one bud and two leaves stage. The results provide references regarding the light required during the cultivation of cucumber seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Low-calcium stress can have adverse effects on the rhizosphere environment of cucumber, subsequently impacting cucumber growth. However, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can directly or indirectly enhance plant growth and induce plant tolerance, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of low-calcium stress on cucumber growth. This study aims to elucidate the role of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 in the rhizosphere environment of cucumber under low-calcium stress, providing a theoretical basis for the application and promotion of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. (2) Methods: This study used the 'JinYou NO.4′ cucumber variety as test material, setting four treatments of CK, CK+Q, LCa, LCa+Q. We conducted measurements of plant height and stem diameter for four groups of cucumber plants: before treatment (0 d), and at 10 d, 20 d, 30 d, and 60 d after treatment. Additionally, we determined the biomass of cucumber plants under different treatments during the peak fruiting period. Inter-root matrix samples of cucumber were collected during the fruiting late period, and the physical and chemical properties and nutrient contents of the inter-root matrix of cucumber were determined, and bacterial microbial diversity and bacterial microbial communities were analysed using Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. (3) Results: Low-calcium stress significantly inhibits the growth of cucumber plants. However, the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 effectively mitigates the inhibitory effects of low-calcium stress on cucumber growth. The application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 was able to improve the physicochemical environment of the matrix and enhanced the absorption and utilisation of matrix nutrients in cucumber. The high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the richness and diversity of bacterial communities and the number of bacteria decreased significantly under low-calcium stress, and increased significantly after the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713. The composition of the dominant bacterial groups of the inter-root matrix of cucumber was basically the same among the four treatments, and the main difference was in the abundance of bacteria. The application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 increased the relative abundance of bacteria that decreased under low-calcium stress, and decreased the relative abundance of bacteria that increased under low-calcium stress. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study elucidated the positive effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 on the growth and inter-root environment of cucumber under low-calcium stress, and provided a theoretical basis for in-depth research on the resistance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its popularised application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under extreme climate conditions, such as heavy precipitation, glacial lake outbursts, and ice and snow melting, the long runout flow-like landslide with mixed solid–liquid two-phase has become one of the most disastrous types in the world. Numerical simulation is one of the most important means in disaster prevention and mitigation work for this type of landslide. In this study, a new full three-dimensional landslide post-failure numerical platform (LPF3D) was proposed. This method serves as a bridge between continuum-medium algorithms and discrete-medium algorithms based on the same theoretical numerical framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). This computational model employs an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive law and basal resistance of frictional model for the solid grain phase, and the fluid phase is treated as a Newtonian fluid. A drag law describes the interaction stress between fluid and grain. The boundary normal forces were applied using the penalty function method to ensure the stability of the algorithm. Comparison analyses of small-scale flume experiments and realistic-scale landslide cases and different numerical methods were performed to show that this numerical modeling is capable of simulating mixed two-phase flow. This new method realizes the actual physical and mechanical action process of mixed two-phase flow with higher computational efficiency, and is an appropriate benchmark for the post-failure risk forecasting and assessment of long runout flow-like landslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a learning state evaluation method based on face detection and head pose estimation. This method is suitable for mobile devices with weak computing power, so it is necessary to control the parameter quantity of the face detection and head pose estimation network. Firstly, we propose a ghost and attention module (GA) base face detection network (GA-Face). GA-Face reduces the number of parameters and computation in the feature extraction network through the ghost module, and focuses the network on important features through a parameter-free attention mechanism. We also propose a lightweight dual-branch (DB) head pose estimation network: DB-Net. Finally, we propose a student learning state evaluation algorithm. This algorithm can evaluate the learning status of students based on the distance between their faces and the screen, as well as their head posture. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed GA-Face and DB-Net on several standard face detection datasets and standard head pose estimation datasets. Finally, we validate, through practical cases, that the proposed online learning state assessment method can effectively assess the level of student attention and concentration, and, due to its low computational complexity, will not interfere with the student's learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) -based optical fiber temperature sensor is theoretically proposed and practically demonstrated in this work, in which the composite FPI is formed by covering the end face of single-mode fiber with ultraviolet (UV) adhesive and nano-TiO 2 coating using the dip-coating method. With the superior thermo-optic characteristic of UV adhesive and the UV absorption of nano-TiO 2 , the sensitivity of the composite FPI temperature sensor can be effectively enhanced by UV irradiation. After five times of TiO 2 dip-coating processes, the composite FPI has a higher temperature sensitivity of 75.3 pm/°C (R2 = 0.9754) under 365 nm UV light, in which the measurement range is from 25 °C to 130 °C and the detection accuracy is 0.66 °C. The proposed sensor has a simple structure and preparation process, competitive sensitivity, high linearity, and satisfactory repeatability and stability, which can be an appropriate candidate to realize high-precision temperature sensing in industrial, chemical, biological, and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]