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Miroculis (Miroculis) botafora sp. nov. (Figs 2A–E, 3A–C). Diagnosis: Miroculis (Miroculis) botafora sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characteristics. In the male: 1) dorsal portion of compound eyes on a short stalk (0.5× longer than wide); 2) dorsal portion of compound eyes with eight facets on the longest row (Figs 2B–C); 3) hyaline wings, with poorly developed hind wing costal projection; 4) fore- and hind wing with membrane hyaline (Figs 2A, C); 5) styliger plate with a deep medial excavation (Fig. 2D); 6) inner margin with a subdistomedial projection on apical ¼; 7) penes length approximately 1.8× length of forceps segment I, tubular and with apex slightly curved upward (Figs 2D, 2E, 3C). Descriptions. Male imago (Figs 2A–E, 3A–C). Measurements. Body: 5.50 mm; forewing: 5.20 mm; angularity of CuA portion: 98°; hind wing: 1.40mm. Foreleg: broken off and missing. Caudal filament: broken off and missing. Ratios. Wings: forewing width 0.4× fore wing length; hind wing length 0.3 fore wing length; hind wing width 0.5× hind wing length; fork on MA 2 of fore wing 0.5× total length of MA. Legs: broken off and missing. Genitalia: medial length of styliger plate 1.3× maximum width; lateral length of styliger plate 0.9× medial length of styliger plate. Forceps segment III 0.6× forceps segment II; forceps segment III 0.3× forceps segment I; forceps segment II 0.5× forceps segment I. Penes length approximately 1.8× forceps segment I. Coloration. General coloration: brown. Head. light brown. Compound eye with stalk orange, lighter toward apex; facets of upper portion light brown, separated by black grooves (Figs 2A–C). Ocelli white, surrounded with dark gray. Antenna translucent whitish. Thorax (Figs 2A, C). Pro-, meso- and metanotum brown. Pleura and sterna light brown. Wings (Figs 2A, C). Fore- and hind wing with hyaline membrane; cross and longitudinal veins brown. Legs: broken off and missing. Abdomen (Figs 2A, C). Terga translucent light brown with blackish marks on medial area of all segments; terga I to VI translucent washed with light brown, terga VI to IX brownish; terga I to VI with sublateral dark brown transversal band. Sterna translucent light brown (Fig. 2A). Genitalia (Figs 2D, E). Styliger plate brownish translucent. Forceps segment I washed with grayish brown, darker toward apex; segments II and III washed with grayish brown. Penes dark brown. Caudal filaments: broken off and missing. Morphology. Head. Posterior margin straight. Compound eye with upper portion on stalk of short length (0.5× longer than wide), separated from each other by distance subequal to maximal width of upper portion; dorsal surface circular, with eight facets in longest row (Figs 2B–C). Thorax. Wings: forewing with 3 cross veins basal to bulla between C and Sc; MP2 not connected to base of MP1 by cross vein; IMP connected to MP1 at base; CuA connected to CuP by one cross vein; ICu1 and ICu2 not connecting by cross vein; two A veins (Fig. 3A). Hind wing with fork of R+MA asymmetric; CuP present; costal projection poorly developed; distal margin slightly acute (Fig. 3B). Abdomen. Genitalia: posterior margin of styliger plate with deep medial excavation. Forceps segment I narrowing gradually toward apex; inner margin with a subdistomedial projection on apical ¼ (Fig. 2D). Penes long, tubular, wider at base, narrowing gradually toward apex; presenting gonopore almost completely fused, with ventral sulcus in apical half of each lobe; apically curved upward (Figs 2D, E, 3C). Female imago and nymph. Unknown. Etymology. The name botafora is a reference to the type locality, the Bota Fora waterfall. Noun in apposition. Distribution. Brazil: Piauí State. Type material. Holotype: Ô imago Brazil, Piauí State, Piripiri municipality, Cachoeira do Bota Fora, S4°12′51.1′′, W41°40′01.7′′, 162m, 14.x.2017, Lima, R. C.L. col. (UFVB). Comments. Miroculis (Miroculis) botafora sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Miroculis fazzariensis Costa & Mariano 2013, mainly because both have a longitudinal groove connecting to the opening of gonopore. In M. (M.) botafora sp. nov., the gonopore groove is present from the apical half of each lobe, while in M. fazzariensis it is restricted to the apex of the penes. Besides, the penes length of the new species is 1.8× the forceps segment I, opposed 0.8 to 1.0× in M. fazzariensis.

Miroculis (Miroculis) quilombola sp. nov. (Figs 9A–E, 10A–D, 11A–D, 12A–F, 13A–D). Diagnosis: Miroculis (Miroculis) quilombola sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characteristics. In the nymph: 1) anterolateral margin of labrum rounded (Fig. 12A); 2) posterolateral spines present on segment IV or V–IX, more developed on VII–IX (Figs 9A, C); 3) gills with trachea unbranched, lengths of inner and outer margin of lamella subequal (Fig. 11D). In the male: 1) dorsal portion of compound eyes on a short stalk (1.2× longer than wide), with eight facets on the longest row (Figs 9A–C); 2) fore- and hind wing with membrane hyaline (Figs 9A, C); 3) posterior margin of styliger plate with a shallow medial excavation (Fig. 9D); 4) Penes brown approximately the length of forceps segment I, tubular, apically curved and excavated in ventral view, with about ten irregular spines on basal half in lateral view, gonopore on inner margin with ventral sulcus in the apical half (Figs 9D, E, 10C, D). Description. Male imago (Figs 9A–E, 10A–D) Measurements (n=2). Body: 4.5 mm; forewing: 4.4 mm; angularity of CuA portion: 98°; hind wing: 1 mm. Foreleg: 4.1 mm; mid leg: 2.2 mm; hind leg: 2.4 mm. Caudal filament: broken. Ratios. Wings: forewing width 0.3× fore wing length; hind wing length 0.2 fore wing length; hind wing width 0.5× hind wing length; fork on MA 2 of fore wing 0.4× total length of MA. Legs: segments of foreleg: 0.67: 1.00 (1.48 mm): 0.05: 0.21: 0.17: 0.14: 0.1; mid leg: 1.09: 1.00 (0.81 mm): 0.05: 0.05: 0.05: 0.12: 0.04; hind leg: 0.94: 1.00 (0.93 mm): 0.05: 0.05: 0.08: 0.09: 0.05. Genitalia: medial length of styliger plate 1.3× maximum width; lateral length of styliger plate 0.7× medial length of styliger plate. Forceps segment III 0.5× forceps segment II; forceps segment III 0.25× forceps segment I; forceps segment II 0.4× forceps segment I. Penis length approximately 1.06× forceps segment I. Coloration. General coloration: dark brown. Head. dark brown. Compound eye with stalk orange, facets of upper portion light brown, separated by dark grooves (Figs 9A–C). Ocelli white, surrounded with dark gray.Antenna, scape whitish, pedicel and flagellum dark gray. Thorax (Figs 9A, C). Pro, -meso and metanotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown, sterna light brown. Wings (Figs 9A–C). Fore- and hind wing with hyaline membrane; cross and longitudinal veins brown. Legs: foreleg with coxa and trochanter light brown; femur and tibia white washed with brown, femur and tibia with apical blackish band; tarsi light brown. Mid and hind legs with coxa and trochanter light brown; mid legs with femur and tibia apical blackish band; dorsal portion of midfemur with median brown mark; tibiae with apical blackish band. Abdomen (Figs 9A–C). Terga light brown with blackish marks on medial area from I–III and VI, VII segments; terga I to VI light brown washed with black, terga VII to IX brown washed with black; terga I to VI with sublateral dark brown transversal band. Sterna light brown (Fig. 9A). Genitalia (Figs 9D, E). Styliger plate brownish translucent. Forceps segment I light brown, darker toward apex; segments II gray; and segment III gray, lighter toward at apex. Penis brown. Caudal filament: light brown. Morphology. Head. Posterior margin medially triangular. Compound eye with upper portion on stalk of short length (1.2× longer than wide), separated from each other by distance subequal to the maximal width of an upper portion; dorsal surface circular, with eight facets in longest row (Figs 9A–C). Thorax. Wings: forewing with 2 cross veins basal to bulla between C and Sc; MP2 not connected to base of MP1 by cross vein; IMP connected to MP1 at base; CuA connected to CuP by one cross vein; ICu1 and ICu2 connected by one cross vein; two A veins (Fig. 10A). Hind wing with fork of R+MA symmetric; CuP present; costal projection poorly developed; distal margin rounded (Fig. 10B). Abdomen. Genitalia: posterior margin of styliger plate with shallow medial excavation. Forceps segment I narrowing gradually toward apex (Fig. 9D). Penis long, tubular, wider at base; medially wider with about ten irregular spines on basal half, narrowing gradually toward apex on lateral view; gonopore on inner margin of each lobe with ventral sulcus in apical half of each lobe; apically curved and excavated in ventral view (Figs 9D, E, 10C, D). Mature nymph (Figs 11A–D, 12A–F, 13A–D) Measurements (n=3). Body: 5.2 mm. Foreleg: 2.8 mm; mid leg: 2.9 mm; hind leg: 3 mm. Caudal filament: broken. Ratios. Mouthparts: segment III of maxillary palp 0.6× segment II; segment II 0.9× segment I; segment III of labial palp 0.6× segment II; segment III 0.6× segment I; segment II 0.9× segment I. Legs: width of forefemur 0.3× length; width of mid-femur 0.3× length. Abdomen: width of lamella of gill in its wider part 0.3× length of gill; length of medial filament of gill 0.6× length of lamella. Coloration. Body. Light brown. Head: dark brown, brown marks along epicranial and frontal sutures, grayish between compound eye and lateral ocellus; grayish mark among lateral and medial ocelli and antenna; antenna brown with flagellum grayish (Figs 11A, B). Labrum dark brown basally, lighter toward apex. Mandible yellowish brown, darker sub-basally; maxilla, hypopharynx, and labium washed with grayish brown (Figs 12A–F). Thorax: pro- and mesonotum brown white washed with gray, except for blackish brown marks on sublateral margins of mesonotum. Fore and hind wingpads yellowish brown (Figs 11A, B). Sterna pale yellow (Fig. 11C); mesosternum with dark gray marks on posterior margin.. Legs: pale yellow. Femora with subapical blackish mark on dorsal and ventral surfaces; tibiae with incomplete brown band sub-basally, and complete blackish band apically; tarsi washed with light brown (Figs 13A–D). Abdomen: terga brown; terga I–X with longitudinal grayish brown stripe anterosubmedially, terga I–III washed with gray, terga VII and VIII on submedial margin washed with grayish brown, terga IX and X slightly pale brown (Fig. 11A). Sterna pale yellow. Gills with membrane grayish and trachea gray (Fig. 11D). Morphology. Head: clypeus anteriorly concave; anterolateral margin of labrum rounded (Fig. 12A). Legs: subapical denticle of tarsal claws larger than remaining denticles (Fig. 13D). Abdomen: posterolateral spines present on segment IV or V–IX, more developed on VII–IX (Figs 9A, C); gills with trachea unbranched; lengths of inner and outer margin of lamella subequal (Fig. 9D). Life cycle association. Rearing. Biology. The nymphs were collected inhabiting leaves in a stream with about 6 m wide, moderate flow, and under an open canopy. Etymology. In Brazil, quilombolas are communities of descendants of enslaved Africans who have maintained cultural, religious and subsistence traditions for a few centuries. The new species was found in a stream from the quilombola community S„o Benedito dos Colocados. Noun in apposition. Distribution. Brazil: Maranh„o State. Type material. Holotype: Ô imago (reared, exuviae and male imago preserved in alcohol), Brazil, Maranhão State, Codó municipality, Rio Saco, S4°31″53.9″, W43°54′49.5″, 52m, 22.viii.2020, Nascimento, S.R.S. col. (INPAEPH000037). Paratypes: one Ô imago, same data as holotype (INPA-EPH000038); three Ô nymph, same data as holotype (INPA-EPH000039). Comments. Male imagos of Miroculis (Miroculis) quilombola sp. nov. are morphologically similar to M. (M.) fittkaui, by sharing similar posteromedian margin of styliger plate expanded with a shallow medial excavation, inner basal margin of forceps segment I corrugated, length and apex excavated of penes (or hooked). However, the male imago of the new species differs by having a forewing less wide basally and with membrane hyaline; penes with ten irregular spines basally in lateral view (Fig. 10C), opposed to basally with shallow crenulation in M. (M.) fittkaui (Fig. 58 in Savage 1983); and having the inner margin of forceps segment I without distomedial projection (Fig. 9D). Nymphs of M. (M.) quilombola sp. nov. resemble those of M. (M.) azevedoi sp. nov. because of tarsal claws with subapical denticle larger than the remaining denticles and anterior margin of labrum angular. However, M. (M.) quilombola sp. nov. has the color pattern of the abdomen without marks along the posterior margin on terga and gills with trachea unbranched (Fig. 11D), opposed to M. (M.) azevedoi sp. nov. that presents dark brown marks on abdominal terga I–VIII and gills with trachea branched., Published as part of Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Raimundi, Erikcsen A. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2023, New species and new records of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Chacoan Domain in northeastern Brazil, pp. 27-47 in Zootaxa 5230 (1) on pages 38-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7550447, {"references":["Savage, H. M. & Peters, W. L. (1983) Systematics of Miroculis and related genera from Northern South America (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 108, 491 - 600."]}

Miroculis (Miroculis) fittkaui Savage & Peters, 1983 Miroculis (Miroculis) fittkaui Savage & Peters, 1983: 529 (male and female imago); Savage, 1983: 130; Savage, 1987: 103 (male); Salles et al. 2010: 306; Salles & Lima, 2011: 58; Lima et al. 2012: 311; Massariol, Soares & Salles, 2014: 370; Campos et al. 2016: 310; Gama Neto et al. 2018: 36; Costa et al. 2018: 4. Distribution. Suriname and Venezuela. Brazil: Bahia (Campos et al. 2016), Espírito Santo (Salles et al. 2010), Pará (Savage & Peters 1983), Pernambuco (Lima et al. 2012) and Roraima (Gama Neto et al. 2018). Material examined. Two Ô imagos Brazil, Piauí State, Batalha municipality, Longá River, Pedra Dela, S3°54′51.7″, W42º06′37.8″, 68m, 10.xii.2015, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ). One Ô imago Brazil, Piauí State, Alto Longá municipality, Cachoeira da Campeira, S5°11′45.1′′, W42°15′33.9′′, 177m, 04.iii.2015, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ). One Ô imago Brazil, Piauí State, Piripiri municipality, Cachoeira do Bota-fora, S4°12′51.1′′, W41°40′01.7′′, 162m, 14.x.2017, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ); same data except Five Ô imagos, 10.ii.2018. Seven Ô imagos Brazil, Piauí State, Barras municipality, Longá River, near bridge at PI-110, S4°12′08.4′′, W42°14′21.2′′, 74m, 18.iv.2017, Lima, L. R. C col. (CEHJ). One Ô imago Brazil, Piauí State, Piripiri municipality, Cachoeira do Botafora, S4°12′51.1′′, W41°40′01.7′′, 162m, 14.x.2017, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ). One Ô imago Brazil, Piauí State, Piripiri municipality, Cachoeira das Tuncas, Povoado Corrente, S04⁰25 ′28.5′′, W41⁰38 ′35.2′′, 269m, 29.vi.2019, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ). Two Ô imagos Brazil, Piauí State, Pedro II municipality, Riacho Samambaia, acima da Cachoeira do Urubu Rei, S04°19′40.6′′, W41°27′46.4′′, 501m, 18.vi.2022, Lima, L. R.C col. (CEHJ). Comments. The specimens examined fit well with the descriptions given by Savage & Peters (1983) and Savage (1987). Adults and nymphs were collected in stream segments with altitude ranging from 160 to 500 m a.s.l. and with weak current, associated with substrate with leaves deposited on the bottom, in patches of dense and humid forest. The emergence of some adults was observed at 15:00. With this study, M. fittkaui is reported for the first time from Piauí State., Published as part of Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Raimundi, Erikcsen A. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2023, New species and new records of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Chacoan Domain in northeastern Brazil, pp. 27-47 in Zootaxa 5230 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7550447, {"references":["Savage, H. M. & Peters, W. L. (1983) Systematics of Miroculis and related genera from Northern South America (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 108, 491 - 600.","Savage, H. M. (1987) Two new species of Miroculis from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela with new distribution records for Miroculis fittkaui and Microphlebia surinamensis (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Aquatic Insects, 9, 97 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650428709361279","Salles, F. F., Nascimento, J. M. C., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Barcelos-Silva, P., Rudio, J. A. & Boldrini, R. (2010) First survey of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from Espirito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 10 (1), 293 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032010000100025","Salles, F. F. & Lima, M. M. (2011) New species and new records of Miroculis Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 2740 (1), 53 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2740.1.5","Lima, L. R. C., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F. F. (2012) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56 (3), 304 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262012005000043","Massariol, F. C., Soares, E. D. G. & Salles, F. F. (2014) Conservation of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58 (4), 356 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000400002","Campos, R., Mariano, R. & Calor, A. R. (2016) Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Reserva Ecologica Michelin, Bahia, Brazil. Aquatic Insects, 37 (4), 303 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2016.1267769","Gama Neto, J. L., Passos, M. A. B., Cruz, J. A. & Souza, N. T. (2018) New records of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Roraima State, Northern Brazil. EntomoBrasilis, 11 (1), 33 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.12741 / ebrasilis. v 11 i 1.748","Costa, S. S., Souza, F. N., Nogueira, M. A., Santos, E. P., Sousa, M. M. L., Silva, V. A., Almeida, E. & Mariano, R. (2018) Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from State of Bahia, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18 (1), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - BN- 2017 - 0386"]}

Miroculis (Miroculis) azevedoi sp. nov. (Figs 4A–E, 5A–E, 6A–D, 7A–F, 8A–D). Diagnosis: Miroculis (Miroculis) azevedoi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characteristics. In the nymph: 1) labrum with anterolateral margin angular (Fig. 7A); 2) posterolateral spines on abdominal segments V–IX, more developed from VII to IX (Figs 4A, C); 3) gills narrow, with the lateral lobes present, and trachea branched (Fig. 4D). In the male: 1) dorsal portion of compound eyes on a medium stalk (1.2× longer than wide), with eight facets on the longest row (Figs 4C); 2) fore- and hind wing with membrane hyaline (Figs 4A, C); 3) styliger plate with posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 4D); 4) penes length approximately 1.6× length of forceps segment I, tubular (Figs 4D, E, 5C, E), apically flattened and rounded in lateral view (Fig. 5D; medially with a minute spine (Fig. 5C). Description. Male imago (Figs 4A–E, 5A–E). Measurements (n=3). Body: 4.9 mm; forewing: 4.8 mm; angularity of CuA portion: 95°; hind wing: 1.3 mm. Foreleg: 5 mm; mid leg: 2.4 mm; hind leg: 3 mm. Caudal filament: broken. Ratios. Wings: forewing width 0.4× fore wing length; hind wing length 0.2 fore wing length; hind wing width 0.5× hind wing length; fork on MA 2 of fore wing 0.4× total length of MA. Legs: segments of foreleg: 0.73: 1.00 (1.75 mm): 0.03: 0.35: 0.25: 0.16: 0.11; mid leg: 1.11: 1.00 (0.9 mm): 0.07: 0.07: 0.06: 0.09: 0.08; hind leg: 0.94: 1.00 (1.22 mm): 0.05: 0.04: 0.04: 0.09: 0.06. Genitalia: medial length of styliger plate 1.5× maximum width; lateral length of styliger plate 0.9× medial length of styliger plate. Forceps segment III 0.8× forceps segment II; forceps segment III 0.4× forceps segment I; forceps segment II 0.5× forceps segment I. Penes length approximately 1.6× the forceps segment I. Coloration. General coloration: brown (dark brown in fresh material). Head. light brown. Compound eye with stalk orange; facets of upper portion orangish, separated by dark grooves (Figs 4A–C). Ocelli white, surrounded with dark gray. Antenna whitish washed with black. Thorax (Figs 4A, C). Pro, -meso and metanotum dark brown. Pleura and sterna light brown. Wings (Figs 4A, C). Fore- and hind wing with hyaline membrane; cross and longitudinal veins brown. Legs: foreleg with coxa and trochanter brown; femur and tibia white washed with brown, femur and tibia with apical blackish band; tarsi white to light brown. Mid and hind legs with trochanter and coxae light brown; dorsal portion of midfemur with median brown mark; tibiae with apical blackish band. Abdomen (Figs 4A, C). Terga translucent light brown with blackish marks on medial area of segments I – III and VI – VIII; terga I – VI washed with black, tergum VI with medial, triangular blackish mark; terga VII – X light brown (Fig. 4C). Sterna translucent light brown (Fig. 4A). Genitalia (Figs 4D, E). Styliger plate grayish translucent. Forceps segment I gray, whitish on apical area of inner margin; segments II gray with inner margin whitish; and segment III gray, lighter toward at apex. Penes brown. Caudal filament gray. Morphology. Head. Posterior margin straight. Compound eye with upper portion on a stalk of medium length (1.2× longer than wide), separated from each other by distance subequal to maximal width of upper portion; dorsal surface circular, with eight facets on longest row (Figs 4A–C). Thorax. Wings: forewing with 2 cross veins basal to bulla between C and Sc; MP2 connected to base of MP1 by one cross vein; IMP connected to MP1 at base; CuA connected to CuP by one cross vein; ICu1 and ICu2 not connecting by cross vein; two A veins (Fig. 5A). Hind wing with fork of R+MA symmetric; CuP present; costal projection poorly developed; distal margin rounded (Fig. 5B). Abdomen. Genitalia: posterior margin of styliger plate with posterior margin slightly concave. Forceps segment I narrowing gradually toward apex, with constriction at apex, without distomedial projection (Fig. 4D). Penes long, tubular, wider at base, narrowing gradually toward apex (Figs 4D, E, 5C, E); medially with minute spine on lateral view (Fig. 5C); apically flattened and rounded in lateral view and with apical gonopore on the inner margin of each lobe (Fig. 5D). Mature nymph (Figs 6A–D, 7A–F, 8A–D). Measurements (n=1). Body: 4.8 mm. Foreleg: 2.8 mm; mid leg: 3 mm; hind leg: 3.1 mm. Caudal filament: broken. Ratios. Mouthparts: segment III of maxillary palp 0.5× segment II; segment II 0.7× segment I; segment III of labial palp 0.3× segment II; segment III 0.2× segment I; segment II 0.8× segment I. Legs: width of forefemur 0.3× length; width of mid-femur 0.3× length. Abdomen: width of lamella of gill in its wider part 0.3× length of gill; length of medial filament of gill 0.6× length of lamella. Coloration. Body. Brownish. Head: brownish, pale brown marks along epicranial and frontal sutures, grayish between compound eye and lateral ocellus; grayish mark among lateral and medial ocelli and antenna; antenna brown with flagellum grayish (Figs 6A, B). Labrum brown basally, lighter toward apex. Mandible yellowish brown, darker basally; maxilla, hypopharynx, and labium washed with grayish yellow (Figs 7A–F). Thorax: pro- and mesonotum brown, except for dark brown marks on sublateral and anteromedial margins (Fig. 6A). Fore and hind wing pads yellowish brown (Figs 6A, B). Sterna yellowish, mesosternum with dark brown marks on posterior margin (Fig. 6C).. Legs: pale brown. Femora with subapical blackish mark on dorsal surface; tibiae with incomplete blackish band subbasally, and complete brown band apically; tarsi light brown (Figs 8A–D). Abdomen: terga light brown; terga I–X with longitudinal grayish stripe on anterosubmedial margin; terga I–VIII with dark brown marks along posterior margin (Fig. 6A). Sterna light brown. Gills with membrane grayish and trachea black (Fig. 6D). Morphology. Head: clypeus anteriorly concave; anterolateral margin of labrum angular (Fig. 7A). Legs: subapical denticle of tarsal claws larger than remaining denticles (Fig. 8D). Abdomen: posterolateral spines on abdominal segments V–IX, more developed from VII to IX (Figs 6A, C); gills narrow, with lateral lobes present and heavy branched tracheation (Fig. 6D). Life cycle association. Rearing. Biology. The nymphs were collected inhabiting leaves in a shallow stream with moderate flow and about 1 m wide. Etymology. We name this species in honor of Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo for his friendship and important contribution to the knowledge about aquatic insects in Maranh„o State. Distribution. Brazil: Maranh„o State. Type Material. Holotype: Ô imago (reared, exuviae and male imago preserved in alcohol), Brazil, Maranhão State, Caxias municipality, Riacho Planaçucar, S4°54′24.8′′, W43°21′45.2′′, 71m, 25.x.2019, Nascimento, S.R.S. col. (INPA-EPH000034). Paratypes: two Ô subimagos, same data as holotype (INPA-EPH000036); one Ô nymph, same data as holotype (INPA-EPH000035). Comments. Miroculis (Miroculis) azevedoi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Miroculis (Miroculis) botafora sp. nov. by sharing penes long and wider at base and by having a styliger plate expanded, with posterior margin concave. However, the male imago of M. (M.) azevedoi sp. nov. differs by having a penes apically flattened and rounded in lateral view, with a minute spine medially in ventral view, opposed to the penes presenting a gonopore almost completely fused, with ventral sulcus in the apical half of each lobe and apically curved upward in M. (M.) botafora sp. nov. Besides, in M. (M.) azevedoi sp. nov. the forceps segment I present a constriction at apex and there is no subdistomedial projection on the inner margin. Nymphs of M. (M.) azevedoi sp. nov. resemble those of M. (Atroari) nebulosus Savage, 1987 and M. yulieae Raimundi & Salles, 2017 because of the similarity of their branched gills and tarsal claws with subapical denticle larger than the remaining denticles. However, they differ from each other especially by the color pattern of abdomen and shape of anterolateral margin of labrum: angular in M. (M.) azevedoi sp. nov., rounded in M. nebulosus, and slightly angular in M. yulieae.

Brasilocaenis elidioi (Lima, Molineri, Pinheiro & Salles, 2016) (Figs 6C, D) Caenis sp. Angeli et al. 2015: 200 (adults); Lima et al. 2016b: 215 (adults and nymphs). Caenis elidioi Lima et al. 2016a: 117 (adults, nymph and eggs); Lima & Boldrini, 2017: 286 (adult). Brasilocaenis elidioi, Lima et al. 2019: 90. Distribution. Brazil: states of Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Roraima. New record: Piauí State. Material examined. 25 ♂ imagos (light trap), Brazil, Piauí State, Batalha municipality, Cachoeira do Urubu, S3°54’47.9”, W42°6’47.70”, 80 m a.s.l. 07.ix.2018 Lima, L. R. C, Rodrigues, J.A.O. cols. (CEHJ). 36 ♂ and nine ♀ imagos (light trap), Brazil, Piauí State, Piripiri municipality, Cachoeira do Bota-Fora, S4°12’51.1”, W41°40’01.7”, 162 m a.s.l. 15-16.xii.2018 Lima, L. R.C. col. (CEHJ). Comments. Brasilocaenis elidioi can be characterized by the presence of pointed forceps, abruptly sharpening distally, and forming a long tip at the apex, and penis dorsally and laterally protruding (adapted from Lima et al. 2016a)., Published as part of Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2022, New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 110-122 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6521359, {"references":["Lima, L. R. C., Molineri, C., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F. F. (2016 a) Two new species of Caenis Stephens, 1835 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from South America. Zootaxa, 4170 (1), 114 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4170.1.5","Angeli, K. B., Rozario, E. M. & Salles, F. F. (2015) Checklist of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Sao Mateus river basin, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 59, 197 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rbe. 2015.06.004","Lima, L. R. C., Knapp, W. & Docio, L. (2016 b) New records of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Entomotropica, 31, 212 - 220.","Lima, L. R. S. & Boldrini, R. (2017) New distributional records and life stage description of Caenis species (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4276 (2), 285 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4276.2.10","Lima, L. R. C., Molineri, C., Vieira, L. M., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F. F. (2019) Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of the South American mayfly genus Brasilocaenis Puthz, 1975 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 280, 78 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2019.04.001"]}

Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975 (Figs 6A, B) Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975: 12; Irmler, 1975: 348; Malzacher, 1986: 85 (male, female, nymph, egg); Malzacher, 1998: 3; Lima & Boldrini, 2016: 2 (adult); Lima et al. 2019: 91. Brasilocaenis irmeli, Shimano et al. 2011: 245 (misspelling). Distribution. Bolivia. Colombia. Brazil: states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso and Roraima. New record: Piauí State. Material examined. Four nymphs and one ♂ imago, Brazil, Piauí State, Campo Maior municipality, Lagoa do Arain, S4°50’26.1”, W42°10’50.1”, 119 m a.s.l., 05.x.2014, Lima, L. R.C. col. (CEHJ). Four nymphs and three ♂ imagos (reared), Brazil, Piauí State, Jatobá do Piauí municipality, Cachoeira de Pedra Negra, P 1, S5º01’22.4”, W41º56’29.9”, 141 m a.s.l., 11.vii.2015, Silva, A.P.S. coll. (CEHJ). Three ♂ imagos (light trap), Brazil, Piauí State, Batalha municipality, Longá River, Cachoeira do Urubu, S3°54’47.9”, W42°6’47.70”, 40 m a.s.l., 17.iv.2017, Lima, L. R.C., Moreno, L.A.S. cols. 15 ♂ imagos (light trap), Brazil, Piauí State, Alto Longá municipality, Longá River, Cachoeira da Campeira, S5°11’45.1” W42°15’33.9”, 177 m a.s.l., 27.iv.2017, Moreno, L.A.S. col. (CEHJ). Comments. Brasilocaenis irmleri is related to the group of South American Caeninae with apically pointed forceps. It is easily distinguished from all Brasilocaenis species by the very long styliger plate with posterior margin rounded and forceps enlarged near base and narrow toward the apex, and fused to lateral margins of styliger plate (adapted from Puthz 1975)., Published as part of Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2022, New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 110-122 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6521359, {"references":["Puthz, V. (1975) Eine neue Caenidengattung aus dem Amazonasgebiet (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Amazoniana, 5, 411 - 415.","Irmler, U. (1975) Ecological studies of the aquatic soil invertebrates in three inundation forests of Central Amazonia. Amazoniana, 5, 337 - 409.","Malzacher, P. (1986) Caenidae aus dem Amazonasgebiet (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Spixiana, 9, 83 - 103.","Malzacher, P. (1998) Remarks on the genus Brasilocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae), with the description of a new species: Brasilocaenis mendesi. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 580, 1 - 6.","Lima, L. R. C. & Boldrini, R. (2016) First records of small squaregilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) from the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil. Check List, 12 (4), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.4.1919","Lima, L. R. C., Molineri, C., Vieira, L. M., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F. F. (2019) Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of the South American mayfly genus Brasilocaenis Puthz, 1975 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 280, 78 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2019.04.001","Shimano, Y., Salles, F. F. & Cabette, H. S. R. (2011) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from east of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 239 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000400021"]}

Caenis marataoan Nascimento & Lima sp. nov. (Figs 2A–E, 3A–E, 4A–C, 5A–C). Diagnosis. This species can be characterized by the following combination of characters in the imagos: 1) male body length 1.5–2.0 mm, female body length 2.5–2.8 mm; 2) base of antennal flagellum not dilated; 3) forceps apically rounded, covered with trichomes, with 2–3 minute spines at apex (Figs 2B–E); 4) styliger plate short with posterior margin convex (Fig. 2A); 5) penis square-shaped, fused and not laterally projected; ventral surface without tubercles and groove (Fig. 2A); 6) eggs oval-shaped; micropyle linear with narrow and long micropylar canal, preceded by an oval sperm guide (Figs 5A, B). Description. Male imago. Body length: 1.5–2.0 mm; forewing: 1.4–1.8 mm; foreleg: 1.4–1.5 mm; hind leg: 0.8–1.1 mm; cercus: broken off. Ratios. Foreleg 1.2–1.8 × the length of hind leg. Ratio of first segment of the foretarsus length to 2 nd:3 rd:4 th:5 th = 0.2:0.3–0.4:0.3–0.5:0.5–0.7. Genitalia: forceps length 2.7–3.5 × the width at half length; distance between the extreme lateral points of the forceps bases to forceps length = 2.3–3.0. Coloration. Head: whitish shaded with gray in dorsal view (Fig. 2A); venter of head whitish (Fig. 2C). Antenna: scape and pedicel whitish, flagellum hyaline (Figs 2A–C). Thorax. Prothorax yellowish translucent shaded with gray on lateral and posterior margin (Figs 2A–D). Meso- and metanotum yellowish shaded with gray on carinae; mesonotum yellowish; pleurae and sterna paler. Wing membrane hyaline, veins translucent except C, Sc and Rs grayish. Legs. Foreleg whitish translucent with coxa and femur shaded with gray. Middle and hind legs whitish translucent. Abdomen. Abdominal segments I–VIII translucent white, IX–X yellowish; abdominal terga I–II with a blackish line on posterior margin (Figs 2A, E). Sterna translucent white with segments IX–X yellowish (Fig. 2C). Pleura white (Fig. 2B). Genitalia. Sternum IX with weak and uncolored sclerites (Fig. 2C). Forceps, penis and caudal filaments translucent white (Figs 2B, C). Morphology. Antenna: Base of antennal flagellum not dilated. Thorax. Lateral margins straight, not protruding; prosternal longitudinal ridges forming a triangle shaped structure, open anteriorly and with straight lateral margins (Fig. 2A). Abdomen. Lateral filaments and finger-like process on tergum II lacking. Genitalia. Styliger plate rectangular, not sclerotized, covering the basal 2/3 of penis; anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin slightly convex; central sclerite circular, apophyses short and pointed, basolateral and lateral sclerites weakly discernible (Fig. 3A). Forceps, apically rounded, densely covered with trichomes, and not fused to lateral margins of styliger plate (Figs 3A–E). Penis square-shaped, fused and not laterally projected; ventral surface without tubercles and groove (Fig. 3A). Female imago. Body length: 2.5–2.8 mm; forewing: 2.2–2.3 mm; foreleg: 1.4–1.8 mm; cercus: broken off. Thorax: same as males except dark lines on sutures of mesonotum (Fig. 4A); katepisternum not paler than rest of mesopleural sclerites (Fig. 4B). Abdomen: same as males except abdomen with segments I–VI shaded with gray; abdominal sternum IX with posterior margin straight, not projected (Fig. 4A, C). Lateral filaments absent. Egg. Length: 102–114 μm; width: 62–68 μm. Coloration light yellow. Oval-shaped with length 1.7–1.9 × width. Chorion surface with small pores. Micropyle linear with narrow and long micropylar canal, preceded by an oval sperm guide (Figs 5A, B). Two polar caps hood-like (multithread with short filaments and small knobs). (Figs 5A, C). Nymph. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet is given to this species as a noun in apposition, and refers to the Marataoan River, type locality of the new species. Type material. Holotype: one ♂ imago (genitalia on slide) from Brazil, Piauí State, Barras municipality, Marataoan River, Pesqueiro, S4°15’13.7”, W42°17’19.1”, 84m, 18.iv.2017, Lima, L. R.C. col. (INPA-EPH000030). Paratypes: 75 ♂ imagos (light trap), same data as holotype (INPA-EPH000031); eight ♂ imagos and two ♀ imagos (light trap), same data as holotype except 10.x.2015 (INPA-EPH000032). Two ♂ imagos (light trap) from Brazil, Piauí State, Batalha municipality, Longá River, Cachoeira do Urubu, Pedra Dela, S3°54’51.7”, W42°06’37.8”, 68m, 10.x.2015, Lima, L. R. C. col. (UFVB000425). 15 ♂ imagos (light trap), from Brazil, Piauí State, Barras municipality, Longa River, near the PI-113 brigde, S4°12’08.4”, W42°14’21.2”, 74m, 18.iv.2017, Lima, L. R. C. col. (UFVB000426)., Published as part of Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2022, New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 110-122 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on page 112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6521359

Male imagos of Caenis from Brazil (adapted from Domínguez et al. 2006) 1. Apex of the forceps sharp and sclerotized................................................................. 2 - Apex of the forceps rounded........................................................................... 5 2(1). Forceps narrowing gradually toward the apex.............................................................. 3 - Forceps sharpening abruptly at the apex................................................................... 4 3(2). Surface of the forceps without setae with 3 subapical denticles; lobes of the penis fused, without vestige of a dividing groove (Da-Silva, 1993: Fig. 4).................................................................... Caenis cuniana - Forceps generally with small tubercles and setae on outer basal margin; forceps 7.3–9.5 times longer than width at the middle; apophyses strongly developed, wide and long (Molineri et al. 2011: Figs 3, 5, 6A–F)................... C. teipunensis 4(2). Forceps approximately six times longer than width at half length; about six setae present on ventral surface (Malzacher, 1986: Figs 5B, C, 11)............................................................................ C. candelata - Forceps approximately 9-11 times longer than width at half length, approximately 15-20 setae present on ventral surface (Malzacher, 1986: Figs 5A, 10).................................................................. C. fittkaui 5(1). Finger-like median process present in abdominal tergum II; fore leg twice as long as hind leg or longer; forceps and sclerites of the genitalia strongly colored........................................................................... 6 - Abdominal tergum II without median projections (but lateral projections may be present); fore leg at most 1.8 times the length of hind leg; forceps and sclerites of the genitalia nearly uncolored)............................................. 7 6(5). Lateral filaments of abdominal segments relatively short; lobes of penis short and laterally rounded; apophyses of the styliger sclerite long and thin, somewhat distanced from the base of the forceps (Malzacher, 2001: Figs 7A–E)...... C. plaumanni - Central sclerite of styliger elongated; apophyses of styliger sclerite broad and short; penis whitish with rounded lateral lobes (Molineri & Malzacher, 2007: Figs 96–98).......................................................... C. uruzu 7(5). Lobes of the penis totally fused, without a median groove.................................................... 8 - Groove separating the lobes of the penis visible............................................................ 9 8(7). Forceps somewhat curved toward median line; without trichomes or minute spines at apex; posterior margin of styliger plate more or less straight; penis rounded and narrow at the base (Pereira & Da-Silva, 1990: Fig. 2)................ C. cigana - Forceps curved toward median line, covered with trichomes with 2–3 minute spines at apex; posterior margin of styliger plate short convex; penis square-shaped, not narrow at base.................................. Caenis marataoan sp. nov. 9(7). Penis with laterally protruding lobes.................................................................... 10 - Lobes of penis very short and not or only slightl y protruding................................................ 13 10(9). Posterior margin of styliger plate straight or rounded....................................................... 11 - Posterior margin of styliger plate subtriangular............................................................ 12 11(10). Fore margin of the styliger sclerite convex; apophyses of styliger sclerite bent inwards (Malzacher, 2001: Figs 9A–I).................................................................................................. C. tenella - Fore margin of the styliger sclerite straight; apophyses of styliger sclerite pointed and straight (Lima et al. 2015b: Figs 1C, D)........................................................................................ C. gaucha 12(10). Apical margin of penis convex; apophyses of the styliger sclerite bent inwardly, fore margin of the styliger sclerite concave (Malzacher, 1990: Figs 1A, B)............................................................... C. pflugfelderi - Apical margin of penis straight; apophyses of the styliger sclerite pointed and straight, fore margin of the styliger sclerite straight (Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999: Figs 1, 4)............................................... C. chamie 13(9). Lobes of the penis very short and swollen at base; styliger plate usually covering the penis; prosternal triangle narrow and triangular, usually closed toward apex (Malzacher, 1986: Figs 13A, 16, 18A, B).......................... C. sigillata - Lobes of the penis relatively long; styliger plate not covering penis; prosternal triangle broad and usually open toward apex.................................................................................................. 14 14(13). Prosternal triangle very broad and open anteriorly; apex of genital forceps rounded with margins ornamented with small wartlike bumps; basal dilation of the antennal bristle about 1.5 times the length of the pedicel (Malzacher, 1986: Figs 12E, 13C, 17, 18C)............................................................................... C. quatipuruica - Prosternal triangle tapered and open anteriorly; apex of forceps without ornamented margins; basal dilation of the antennal bristle shorter than the length of the pedicel (Malzacher, 1986: Figs 12C, 13B, 15, 18D–F).................... C. reissi, Published as part of Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2022, New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 110-122 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 119-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6521359, {"references":["Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic biodiversity of Latin America. ABLA Series. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia, Moscow, pp. 1 - 646.","Da-Silva, E. R. (1993) Descricao do imago macho de Caenis cuniana Froehlich, com notas biologicas (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 10 (3), 413 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751993000300007","Molineri, C., Grillet, M. E., Nieto, C., Dominguez, E. & Guerrero, E. (2011) New species and records for the mayfly families Caenidae, Leptohyphidae and Coryphoridae (Ephemeroptera, Pannota) from Venezuelan Guayana's uplands. Zootaxa, 2750 (1), 39 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2750.1.4","Malzacher, P. (1986) Caenidae aus dem Amazonasgebiet (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Spixiana, 9, 83 - 103.","Malzacher, P. (2001) South and Central American Caenis species with rounded forceps tips (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 626, 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2012.713112","Molineri, C. & Malzacher, P. (2007) South American Caenis Stephens (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae), new species and stage descriptions. Zootaxa, 1660 (1), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1660.1.1","Pereira, S. M. & Da-Silva, E. R. (1990) Nova especie de Caenis Stephens, 1835 do sudeste do Brasil (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), Zoologia, 341, 1 - 8.","Lima, L. R. C., Molineri, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2015 b) A new species of Caenis Stephens, 1836 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3941 (4), 589 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3941.4.8","Malzacher, P. (1990) Neue Arten der Eintagsfliegen-Familie Caenidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) aus Sudamerika. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 25, 31 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650529009360799","Alba-Tercedor, J. & Mosquera, S. (1999) Caenis chamie, a new species from Colombia (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 75 (2), 61 - 67."]}

Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999 (Figs 6E, F) Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999: 61; Lima et al. 2015a: 3; Lima & Boldrini, 2016: 3. Distribution. Colombia. Brazil: states of Goiás, Pernambuco and Roraima. New record: Piauí State. Material examined. 26 ♂ imagos, Brazil, Piauí State, Castelo do Piauí municipality, Rio Poti, S05°11’16.7”, W41°42’34.4”, 177 m a.s.l., 12.iii.2016, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ). One nymph, Brazil, Piauí State, Castelo do Piauí municipality, Cachoeira das Arraias, S05°11’28.5”, W41°42’03.2”, 174 m a.s.l., 12.iii.2016, Lima, L. R.C. col. (CEHJ). 14 ♂ imagos (light trap), Brazil, Piauí State, Alto Longá municipality, Longá River, Cachoeira da Campeira, S5°11’45.1” W42°15’33.9”, 177 m a.s.l., 27.iv.2017, Moreno, L.A.S. col. (CEHJ). Comments. Caenis chamie can be characterized, among other characters, by the straight hind margin of penis, genital sclerites sclerotized and discernible, and styliger plate projected, covering entirely the penis (adapted from Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera 1999)., Published as part of Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2022, New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 110-122 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 117-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6521359, {"references":["Alba-Tercedor, J. & Mosquera, S. (1999) Caenis chamie, a new species from Colombia (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 75 (2), 61 - 67.","Lima, L. R. C., Salles, F. F. & Pinheiro, S. (2015 a) New records of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) from Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. Check List, 11, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 11.3.1652","Lima, L. R. C. & Boldrini, R. (2016) First records of small squaregilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) from the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil. Check List, 12 (4), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.4.1919"]}

Caenis fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 (Figs 6G, H) Caenis fittkaui Malzacher, 1986: 91; Salles et al. 2010: 304; Shimano et al. 2011: 245; Lima et al. 2015a: 3; Lima & Boldrini, 2016: 3; Lima et al. 2016b: 215. Distribution. Brazil: states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, and Roraima. New record: Piauí State. Material examined. One ♂ imago, Brazil, Piauí, Campo Maior, Lagoa do Arain, S4°50’26.1”, W42°10’50.1”, 119 m a.s.l., 21.ix.2014, Lima, L. R. C. col. (CEHJ). One ♂ imago, Brazil, Piauí, Piracuruca municipality, Rio Piracuruca, Prainha, S03°56’15.9”, W41º42’36.1’’, 74 m a.s.l., 10.xii.2015, Silva, A.P.S. col. (CEHJ). One ♂ imago, Brazil, Piauí, Barras municipality, Rio Marataoan, Pesqueiro, P 1, S04°15’13.7”, W42°17’19.1”, 84 m a.s.l., 10.xii.2015, Silva, A.P.S. col. (CEHJ). Comments. Caenis fittkaui can be differentiated from other species of Caenis by the following characters: apex of forceps sharp and directed posteriorly, lobes of penis fused, forming a rounded head and with small tubercles distributed on the ventral surface (adapted from Malzacher 1986)., Published as part of Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Ale-Rocha, Rosaly & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2022, New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 110-122 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 118-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6521359, {"references":["Malzacher, P. (1986) Caenidae aus dem Amazonasgebiet (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Spixiana, 9, 83 - 103.","Salles, F. F, Nascimento, J. M. C., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Barcelos, S. P., Rudio, J. A. & Boldrini, R. (2010) Primeiro levantamento da fauna de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Espirito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 10 (1), 293 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032010000100025","Shimano, Y., Salles, F. F. & Cabette, H. S. R. (2011) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from east of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 239 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000400021","Lima, L. R. C., Salles, F. F. & Pinheiro, S. (2015 a) New records of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) from Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. Check List, 11, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 11.3.1652","Lima, L. R. C. & Boldrini, R. (2016) First records of small squaregilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) from the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil. Check List, 12 (4), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.4.1919","Lima, L. R. C., Knapp, W. & Docio, L. (2016 b) New records of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Entomotropica, 31, 212 - 220."]}

Hagenulopsis minuta Spieth, 1943 (Figs 2E, 11A���F) Hagenulopsis minuta Spieth, 1943: 10 (description); Traver 1946: 247 (note); Peters & Dom��nguez 2001: 354 (revision). Material examined. BRAZIL, Bahia, Uru��uca, Serra Grande, Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru, Cachoeira da trilha principal, (14��29���48.5���S, 39��07���53.1��� W; 227 m a.s.l) 18.i.2014, Light pan trap, Dias E. & Pereira T. leg., 5 s ♂♂, 2 ♂♂ (MHNBA); same data as for preceding, except for: Chapada diamantina, Cap��o, Riacho do Morro Branco; (19��39���13.8���S, 41��29���14.3���W; 917 m a.s.l.), 12.v.2014, Entomological net, Salles FF. & Nascimento J. leg., 3 ♂♂ (UFVB); same data as for preceding, except for: Varzedo, Serra da Jiboia Fazenda Baixa Grande, Propriedade do Sr. Get��lio, C��rrego Cai Camar��o, (12��57���45.3���S, 39��27���13.1���W; 280 m a.s.l.), 09.iv.2015, Malaise trap, Dias E. & Campos R. leg., 1 ♂ (MHNBA); same data as for preceding, except for: Piau��, Piripiri municipality, Cachoeira do Bota-Fora (04��12���51.1���S, 41��40���01.7��� W; 162m a.s.l.), 01.vi.2019, Entomological net, Lima LRC. & Rodrigues JAO. leg., 11 ♂♂ (CEHJ) and 6 ♂♂ (CLBA); same data as preceding, except for: 10.II.2018, 2 ♂♂ (CEHJ); same data as preceding, except for: 15.XII.2018, 1 ♂ (CEHJ); same data as preceding, except for: Esp��rito Santo, Santa Nova Lombardia, Capitel de Santo Ant��nio, C��rrego Grande, (19��52���30.8��� S, 40��31���49.1��� W), 19.ii.2009, CEUNES, leg., 1♂, 1 ♀ (UFVB); same data as preceding, except for: Minas Gerais, Concei����o do Mato Dentro, Peixe tolo, (19��00���05���S, 43��36���04���W), 30.xi.2020; Entomological net, Salles FF. leg., 3 ♂♂ (UFVB); same data as preceding, except for: Mato Grosso, Bonito, Fazenda da ONG Brasil Bonito, Rio Taquaral (20��52���14���S, 56��35���19���W; 466m a.s.l.), 27.vi.2009, Light Pan trap, Lecci L., Schulz G. & Stefan G. leg., 1 ♂ (MZUESC-Eph0034). COLOMBIA, Putumayo, Puerto As��s, Quebrada ��gua Negras (0��31���36.3���N, 76��31���38.3���W), 19.xii.2015, light trap, Dias L. leg., 12 ♂♂, 2♀♀ (UFVB). Remarks. The males imagos sampled in Piau�� State (Fig. 11A���D) were caught up in the evening at the riparian environment under a dense canopy cover. Instead of a well-developed bridge between the stalks of the compound eyes, as reported in the literature or based on examined material from Bahia state (Fig. 11E) and Colombia (Fig. 11F), some of these imagos from Piaui state (n = 4) present only a small protuberance. According to Peters & Dom��nguez (2001), the presence of these protuberances is a subimaginal character, which in imagos develop to the bridge characteristic of the species. In order to complement the description of the species, herein we report the absence of this bridge in some of the examined imagos (Fig. 11C���D). Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Esp��rito Santo, Mato Grosso [new record], Minas Gerais [new record], Roraima, and Piau�� [new record]), Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela., Published as part of Campos, Rog��rio, Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Lima, Lucas R. C., Mariano, Rodolfo, Costa, Vini- Cius, Marulanda, Jhon & Salles, Frederico F., 2022, Hagenulopsis Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae): re-description, morphological notes and a new species from South America, Brazil, pp. 73-88 in Zootaxa 5100 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6127765, {"references":["Spieth, H. (1943) Taxonomic studies on the Ephemeroptera. III. Some interesting ephemerids from Surinam and other Neotropical localities. American Museum Novitates, 1244, 1 - 13.","Traver, J. R. (1946) Notes on Neotropical mayflies, Part I, Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 17, 418 - 436.","Peters, W. L. & Dominguez, E. (2001) The identity of Hagenulopsis minuta Spieth (Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). In: Dominguez, E. (Ed.), Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Kluwer Academic / Plenum, New York, pp. 353 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493877"]}

Hagenulopsis diptera Ulmer 1920 (Figs 4A���F, 5A���D, 9A���B, 10A���H). Hagenulopsis diptera Ulmer, 1920: 34 (description); Lestage 1922:33 (note); Da-Silva et al. 2009: 389 (new record); Dom��nguez et al. 2009:43 (diagnosis and new record)., Published as part of Campos, Rog��rio, Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Lima, Lucas R. C., Mariano, Rodolfo, Costa, Vini- Cius, Marulanda, Jhon & Salles, Frederico F., 2022, Hagenulopsis Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae): re-description, morphological notes and a new species from South America, Brazil, pp. 73-88 in Zootaxa 5100 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6127765, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv Fur Naturgeschichte, 85, 1 - 80.","Lestage, J. A. (1922) Note. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 3, 33 - 34.","Da-Silva, E. R., Goncalves, I. C. & De-Souza, M. R. (2009) Lista de especies da ordem Ephemeroptera (Insecta) ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 67 (3 - 4), 383 - 394.","Dominguez, E., Molineri, C. & Mariano, R. (2009) Revision of the South American species of Hagenulopsis Ulmer and Askola Peters (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2142, 29 - 44."]}

Hagenulopsis perere Campos, Costa & Salles sp. nov. (Figs 2A���D, 3A���J, 4G, 5F, 6A���H, 7A���D) Diagnosis. Hagenulopsis perere can be separated from its congeners by the following combination of characters. Nymph: (i), outer surface of fore and mid femur with a brown spot nearly at apex; (ii), 14 denticles on fore claw. Male Imago: (i), general coloration dark brown (Figs 3A, B); (ii), dorsal portion of eyes meeting dorsally on head; (iii), 21���33 facets on the longest row; (iv), outer surface of mid femur with a brown spot at midlength; (v), cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded with brown. Female imago: (i), general coloration dark brown; (ii), cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded with brown; (iii), egg guide dark brown, apically acute. Male imago. Body length: 7.0��� 7.8 mm (n = 7). General coloration: dark brown (Fig. 2A���D). Head: orange brown (Fig. 3A���B). Upper portion of compound eye orange, area surrounding facets dark orange, lower portion black. Eyes meeting dorsally on head and with around 21���33 facets on the longest row. Ocelli white surrounded with orange, lateral ocelli larger than the median ocellus (Fig. 3A). Antenna: scape and pedicel brown washed black, flagellum pale brown. Thorax (Fig. 3B): pronotum brown, dark brown submedially and on lateral margins. Mesonotum brown, median longitudinal and medioparapsidal sutures brown, lateroparapsidal suture and anterolateral corner of scutellum pale. Metanotum brown, dark brown on posterior margin. Pleural sclerites brown, membranous area washed with gray (Fig. 3A). Sterna brown. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 3F���I). Foreleg (Fig. 3F): coxa and trochanter brown; femur yellowish-brown, washed with brown on basal half and with a brown band at midlength; tibia light yellow, dark brown on apex; tarsi light yellow, dark brown on apex of each tarsomere. Mid leg (Fig. 3G): coxa and trochanter brown; femur yellowish-brown with outer surface with a brown spot at midlength and an apical brown band; tarsi yellowish-brown. Hind leg (Fig. 3H): yellowish-brown; femur with median and apical brown bands. Claws yellowish-brown (Fig. 3I), both dissimilar. Wings (Fig. 4G���J): membrane hyaline, longitudinal and cross veins yellowish tinged with brown, area between costal brace dark brown; cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded with brown, clouds more extensive between Sc and RP 1;six cross veins basal to bulla, 14 distal to bulla. Abdomen (Fig. 3C���D): terga hyaline gray washed with brown. Tergum I entirely washed with brown; terga II���IX with a hyaline longitudinal stripe; terga VII, VIII and IX with hyaline anteromedial spot; tergum X with a hyaline median oblong mark. Sterna translucent gray washed with brown. Sterna II���VIII with hyaline anteromedial mark. Genitalia (Figs 3E, 5F). Styliger plate brown and quadrangular; forceps segment I brown, curved medially; forceps segment II brown washed with white; forceps segment III white; penes pale, acuminating towards apex and not covered by styliger plate; spine ventrally oriented on subapex of each penis lobe. Caudal filaments white with black annulations basally and on apex of each annulation. Male subimago (Fig. 2B). General coloration brown, similar to male imagos. Wings opaque, covered by microtrichia; longitudinal veins yellowish opaque tinged with brown, cross veins dark brown; cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded. Female imago (Fig. 3J���K). General coloration: dark brown (n = 5). Head: Brown, lighter brown around eyes and medially. Eyes black. Thorax: brown, pleural sclerites brown with membranes whitish. Sterna brown. Wings: membrane hyaline, longitudinal and cross veins yellowish-brown, costal brace dark brown; cross veins between longitudinal veins C and RP 1 clouded with brown, clouds more extensive on cross veins between Sc and RP 1; 4���5 cross veins basal to bulla, 15���16 distal to bulla. Abdomen: dark brown with light brown lines U shaped, terga IX similar to male; egg guide dark brown, apically acute (Fig. 3J���K). Caudal filaments white with black annulations on basal fourth and apex of each annulation. Female subimago (Fig. 2C) General coloration brown, similar to female imago. Wings opaque, covered by microtrichia; longitudinal veins yellowish opaque tinged with brown, cross veins dark brown; cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded. Egg guide brown, whitish brown toward apex. Nymph (Figs 6A���F, 7A���F). Body length: 5.3���5.7 mm (n = 3). General coloration (Fig. 6A���B): yellowishbrown. Head: yellowish-brown, frons and vertex washed with black, and with vertical black stripes. Eyes black. Ocelli white surrounded with black. Antenna broken off and lost. Labrum (Fig. 7A) almost as wide as clypeus; anteromedial emargination with 5 denticles, submedial denticles larger. Mandible (Fig. 7E) yellowish-brown, dark brown on incisors and molar; outer margin with 9���10 filiform long setae. Hypopharynx translucent yellow (Fig. 7D). Maxilla (Fig. 7B���C) yellowish-brown, washed with black on base of stipe; maxillary palp, segment I (0.18���0.24 mm), segment II (0.27���0.30 mm), segment III (0.14���0.15 mm). Labium (Fig. 7F) translucent yellow, postmentum washed with black; labial palp translucent yellow, segment I (0.25���0.29 mm) covered by strong setae, segment II (0.27���0.34 mm) covered by filiform setae, and segment III (0.12���0.15 mm) with dorsal spine-like setae. Thorax: pronotum yellowish-brown with middle and lateral margins washed with black. Mesothorax yellowishbrown, washed with black on lateral margins. Fore wing pad yellowish-brown, with clouded cross veins on mature nymphs (Fig. 6B). Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 6C���F); outer surface of fore (Fig. 6E) and mid (Fig. 6D) femora with a brown spot nearly at apex; mid femur washed brown at midlength; hind femur with two dark brown bands (Fig. 6C). Claws yellowish-brown; about 14 denticles progressively larger toward apex (Fig. 6F). Abdomen (Fig. 6A): yellowish-brown washed with black, darker on lateral margins; posterolateral spines on segments V���IX progressively larger posteriorly (Fig. 6A). Gills translucent gray, tracheae black. Caudal filaments yellowish-brown. Eggs (Figs 8A���D). Length 161���189 ��m (n = 5). Elliptic in shape (Fig. 8A). Chorionic surface perforated; sucker-like discs irregularly distributed on surface, each located in a small concavity (Fig. 8B���D). One micropylar area located in the equatorial region (Fig. 8B). Etymology. This species name is given in apposition after ���Saci-Perer�����, a remarkable character from the Brazilian folklore. The word ���perer����� means leaping in the Tupi Guarani language. Material examined. Holotype, ♂ imago. BRAZIL, Esp��rito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biol��gica Augusto Ruschi, C��rrego Bragacho (19��52���2.53���S, 40��33���34.27���W; 830 m a.s.l), 18.xii.2017 ��� 17.i.2018, Malaise trap, Salles FF. & Costa V. leg. (UFVB). Paratypes. BRAZIL, Esp��rito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biol��gica Augusto Ruschi, C��rrego Bragacho, (19��52���2.53���S, 40��33���34.27���W; 830 m a.s.l), 19.xii.2017, D-net Salles FF & Costa V. leg., 3 N, 2 ♀♀ (UFVB); same data as for preceding except for: 30.ix.2017, 3 ♂♂ (INPA); Minas Gerais, Araponga, Serra do Brigadeiro, Vale das Luas (20��39���37���S, 42��26���55���W; 990 m a.s.l), 24.i.2014, Entomological net, Salles FF. leg., 2 ♂♂ (MZUSP). Remarks. Pigments in forewings are usual in Hagenulopsis species and it may occur on cross veins, longitudinal veins, on the membrane or surrounding longitudinal and cross vein (Fig. 4). The males of H. perere sp. nov. are somewhat similar to males of H. diptera sharing with them the general color, the upper portion of compound eye meeting dorsally, and the brown bands on middle and apex of hind femur. However, the males of H. perere sp. nov. can be differentiated from the males of H. diptera by the remarkable brown clouds surrounding the cross veins located between longitudinal veins C to RP 1 and by a brown spot at the midlength on the outer surface of the middle femur. In addition, mature nymphs and females of H. perere sp. nov. can also be distinguished from all other species by the presence of clouds surrounding the cross veins between longitudinal veins C and RP 1., Published as part of Campos, Rog��rio, Rodrigues, Jackson A. O., Lima, Lucas R. C., Mariano, Rodolfo, Costa, Vini- Cius, Marulanda, Jhon & Salles, Frederico F., 2022, Hagenulopsis Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae): re-description, morphological notes and a new species from South America, Brazil, pp. 73-88 in Zootaxa 5100 (1) on pages 74-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6127765, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv Fur Naturgeschichte, 85, 1 - 80.","Spieth, H. (1943) Taxonomic studies on the Ephemeroptera. III. Some interesting ephemerids from Surinam and other Neotropical localities. American Museum Novitates, 1244, 1 - 13."]}

Hagenulopsis perere Campos, Costa & Salles sp. nov. (Figs 2A–D, 3A–J, 4G, 5F, 6A–H, 7A–D) Diagnosis. Hagenulopsis perere can be separated from its congeners by the following combination of characters. Nymph: (i), outer surface of fore and mid femur with a brown spot nearly at apex; (ii), 14 denticles on fore claw. Male Imago: (i), general coloration dark brown (Figs 3A, B); (ii), dorsal portion of eyes meeting dorsally on head; (iii), 21–33 facets on the longest row; (iv), outer surface of mid femur with a brown spot at midlength; (v), cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded with brown. Female imago: (i), general coloration dark brown; (ii), cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded with brown; (iii), egg guide dark brown, apically acute. Male imago. Body length: 7.0– 7.8 mm (n = 7). General coloration: dark brown (Fig. 2A–D). Head: orange brown (Fig. 3A–B). Upper portion of compound eye orange, area surrounding facets dark orange, lower portion black. Eyes meeting dorsally on head and with around 21–33 facets on the longest row. Ocelli white surrounded with orange, lateral ocelli larger than the median ocellus (Fig. 3A). Antenna: scape and pedicel brown washed black, flagellum pale brown. Thorax (Fig. 3B): pronotum brown, dark brown submedially and on lateral margins. Mesonotum brown, median longitudinal and medioparapsidal sutures brown, lateroparapsidal suture and anterolateral corner of scutellum pale. Metanotum brown, dark brown on posterior margin. Pleural sclerites brown, membranous area washed with gray (Fig. 3A). Sterna brown. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 3F–I). Foreleg (Fig. 3F): coxa and trochanter brown; femur yellowish-brown, washed with brown on basal half and with a brown band at midlength; tibia light yellow, dark brown on apex; tarsi light yellow, dark brown on apex of each tarsomere. Mid leg (Fig. 3G): coxa and trochanter brown; femur yellowish-brown with outer surface with a brown spot at midlength and an apical brown band; tarsi yellowish-brown. Hind leg (Fig. 3H): yellowish-brown; femur with median and apical brown bands. Claws yellowish-brown (Fig. 3I), both dissimilar. Wings (Fig. 4G–J): membrane hyaline, longitudinal and cross veins yellowish tinged with brown, area between costal brace dark brown; cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded with brown, clouds more extensive between Sc and RP 1;six cross veins basal to bulla, 14 distal to bulla. Abdomen (Fig. 3C–D): terga hyaline gray washed with brown. Tergum I entirely washed with brown; terga II–IX with a hyaline longitudinal stripe; terga VII, VIII and IX with hyaline anteromedial spot; tergum X with a hyaline median oblong mark. Sterna translucent gray washed with brown. Sterna II–VIII with hyaline anteromedial mark. Genitalia (Figs 3E, 5F). Styliger plate brown and quadrangular; forceps segment I brown, curved medially; forceps segment II brown washed with white; forceps segment III white; penes pale, acuminating towards apex and not covered by styliger plate; spine ventrally oriented on subapex of each penis lobe. Caudal filaments white with black annulations basally and on apex of each annulation. Male subimago (Fig. 2B). General coloration brown, similar to male imagos. Wings opaque, covered by microtrichia; longitudinal veins yellowish opaque tinged with brown, cross veins dark brown; cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded. Female imago (Fig. 3J–K). General coloration: dark brown (n = 5). Head: Brown, lighter brown around eyes and medially. Eyes black. Thorax: brown, pleural sclerites brown with membranes whitish. Sterna brown. Wings: membrane hyaline, longitudinal and cross veins yellowish-brown, costal brace dark brown; cross veins between longitudinal veins C and RP 1 clouded with brown, clouds more extensive on cross veins between Sc and RP 1; 4–5 cross veins basal to bulla, 15–16 distal to bulla. Abdomen: dark brown with light brown lines U shaped, terga IX similar to male; egg guide dark brown, apically acute (Fig. 3J–K). Caudal filaments white with black annulations on basal fourth and apex of each annulation. Female subimago (Fig. 2C) General coloration brown, similar to female imago. Wings opaque, covered by microtrichia; longitudinal veins yellowish opaque tinged with brown, cross veins dark brown; cross veins between C and RP 1 clouded. Egg guide brown, whitish brown toward apex. Nymph (Figs 6A–F, 7A–F). Body length: 5.3–5.7 mm (n = 3). General coloration (Fig. 6A–B): yellowishbrown. Head: yellowish-brown, frons and vertex washed with black, and with vertical black stripes. Eyes black. Ocelli white surrounded with black. Antenna broken off and lost. Labrum (Fig. 7A) almost as wide as clypeus; anteromedial emargination with 5 denticles, submedial denticles larger. Mandible (Fig. 7E) yellowish-brown, dark brown on incisors and molar; outer margin with 9–10 filiform long setae. Hypopharynx translucent yellow (Fig. 7D). Maxilla (Fig. 7B–C) yellowish-brown, washed with black on base of stipe; maxillary palp, segment I (0.18–0.24 mm), segment II (0.27–0.30 mm), segment III (0.14–0.15 mm). Labium (Fig. 7F) translucent yellow, postmentum washed with black; labial palp translucent yellow, segment I (0.25–0.29 mm) covered by strong setae, segment II (0.27–0.34 mm) covered by filiform setae, and segment III (0.12–0.15 mm) with dorsal spine-like setae. Thorax: pronotum yellowish-brown with middle and lateral margins washed with black. Mesothorax yellowishbrown, washed with black on lateral margins. Fore wing pad yellowish-brown, with clouded cross veins on mature nymphs (Fig. 6B). Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 6C–F); outer surface of fore (Fig. 6E) and mid (Fig. 6D) femora with a brown spot nearly at apex; mid femur washed brown at midlength; hind femur with two dark brown bands (Fig. 6C). Claws yellowish-brown; about 14 denticles progressively larger toward apex (Fig. 6F). Abdomen (Fig. 6A): yellowish-brown washed with black, darker on lateral margins; posterolateral spines on segments V–IX progressively larger posteriorly (Fig. 6A). Gills translucent gray, tracheae black. Caudal filaments yellowish-brown. Eggs (Figs 8A–D). Length 161–189 µm (n = 5). Elliptic in shape (Fig. 8A). Chorionic surface perforated; sucker-like discs irregularly distributed on surface, each located in a small concavity (Fig. 8B–D). One micropylar area located in the equatorial region (Fig. 8B). Etymology. This species name is given in apposition after “Saci-Pererê”, a remarkable character from the Brazilian folklore. The word “pererê” means leaping in the Tupi Guarani language. Material examined. Holotype, ♂ imago. BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Córrego Bragacho (19°52′2.53″S, 40°33′34.27″W; 830 m a.s.l), 18.xii.2017 – 17.i.2018, Malaise trap, Salles FF. & Costa V. leg. (UFVB). Paratypes. BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Córrego Bragacho, (19°52′2.53″S, 40°33′34.27″W; 830 m a.s.l), 19.xii.2017, D-net Salles FF & Costa V. leg., 3 N, 2 ♀♀ (UFVB); same data as for preceding except for: 30.ix.2017, 3 ♂♂ (INPA); Minas Gerais, Araponga, Serra do Brigadeiro, Vale das Luas (20°39′37″S, 42°26′55″W; 990 m a.s.l), 24.i.2014, Entomological net, Salles FF. leg., 2 ♂♂ (MZUSP). Remarks. Pigments in forewings are usual in Hagenulopsis species and it may occur on cross veins, longitudinal veins, on the membrane or surrounding longitudinal and cross vein (Fig. 4). The males of H. perere sp. nov. are somewhat similar to males of H. diptera sharing with them the general color, the upper portion of compound eye meeting dorsally, and the brown bands on middle and apex of hind femur. However, the males of H. perere sp. nov. can be differentiated from the males of H. diptera by the remarkable brown clouds surrounding the cross veins located between longitudinal veins C to RP 1 and by a brown spot at the midlength on the outer surface of the middle femur. In addition, mature nymphs and females of H. perere sp. nov. can also be distinguished from all other species by the presence of clouds surrounding the cross veins between longitudinal veins C and RP 1.

Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Cruz, Paulo V., Silva, Myllena S. L., Firmino, Viviane C., Brasil, Leandro S., Juen, Leandro, Lima, Lucas R. C. (2021): Description of nymph of Brasilocaenis atawallpa Lima, Molineri, Vieira, Pinheiro & Salles, 2019 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) and notes on its taxonomic status. Zootaxa 5027 (1): 136-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5027.1.8

Traverella excelsior Nascimento & Lima sp. nov. (Figs 1���5) Diagnosis. Traverella excelsior sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the following differential characters: male imago: 1) forks of MA and MP veins asymmetric, ICu1 basally free (Fig. 2A); 2) styliger plate with lateral projections sharpening toward apex and with cavity from the inner base to the apex of forceps, covering almost entirely the penes lobes (Figs 1D, 2D); 3) penes lobes with a ventrally projected at apex (Figs 1E, 2E); 4) subapical spines with broad base, tapering toward the apex and medially curved and inserted in a groove into each penes lobes (Fig. 2E). Nymph: 1) clypeus without an anteromedial projection, lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.3�� maximum width of clypeus; 2) labrum U-shaped with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 13���15 long setae interrupted medially; 3) mandible with a median rounded area on inner margin; outer margin basally curved; 4) gills present on segments I���VII tapering gradually, with no lateral tracheation, inner margin with 6���8 filaments along the entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3���4 filaments. Description. Male imago (in alcohol). Length: body: 5.9���6.7 mm; forewing: 6.8���6.9 mm; hind wing: 1.03���1.2 mm. Head. Dorsal region light brown, with dark brown markings; ventral region whitish (Fig. 1B). Upper portion of composite eye orange-brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish, surrounded by dark brown (Figs 1A, B). Antenna. Scape and pedicel light brown, flagellum yellowish (Fig. 1B). Thorax. Pronotum dark brown washed with black, with posterior margin dark brown and, medially with light brown band (Fig. 1C). Mesonotum dark brown, except for mediolongitudinal, medioparapsidal and lateroparapidal sutures light brown, posterior scutal protuberance and scuto-scutellar impression dark brown, scutellum light brown (Figs 1A, C). Metanotum light brown; pleura yellowish-brown with dark brown sclerites; sternum light brown (Figs 1A, C). Wings (Figs 2 A���C). Membrane hyaline, stained with brown at base. Forewing with yellowish longitudinal veins yellowish and crossveins translucent, forks of MA and MP veins asymmetrics, ICu1 basally free (Fig. 2A). Hind wing with hyaline membrane, brown at base, costal projection well-developed, forming acute angle, veins translucent (Figs 2B, C). Legs. Forecoxa dark brown, median and posterior yellowish-brown. Trochanters yellowish-brown. Foreleg with femur yellowish-brown with small brown band, washed with black at apex; tarsus yellowish-brown. Mid and hind legs: femora yellowish-brown with dark brown band washed with black at apex; tarsi yellowish-brown. Abdomen. Tergum I dark brown, washed with black, terga II���VI translucent, posterior margin of terga III���IX with transversal dark brown band, laterally interrupted; terga VII���X light brown, tergum X darker (Figs 1A, C). Sterna I���VI translucent, segments VII���IX light brown. Genitalia (Figs 1D, E; 2D, E). Styliger plate yellowishbrown, with small, median projection; lateral projections sharpening toward at apex and with cavity from inner base to apex of forceps, covering penes lobes almost entirely when observed in ventral view (Figs 1D, 2D). Forceps yellowish-white, segment II 0.16�� length of segment I (Figs 1D, 2D). Penes dark brown, broad at base and apically rounded, with lobes fused at basal �� and ventral projection at apex, ventrally projected at apex; subapical spines light brown with broad base, tapering toward apex and medially curved and inserted in groove into each penes lobe (Fig. 2E). Caudal filaments whitish with apical margin of each segment black. Mature Nymph. Length: body, 5.9���6.6 mm; antenna, 3.6��� 3.5 mm; cerci, 7.1���7.3 mm; terminal filament, 8.2��� 8.7 mm. General coloration brown (Figs 3���5). Head. Light brown, washed with gray. Upper portion of male compound eye reddish brown, lower portion black. Antenna whitish yellow. Clypeus without anteromedial projection (Fig. 4A), lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.3�� maximum width of clypeus. Mouthparts (Figs 4 A���E). Labrum (Fig. 4A) dark brown, U-shaped with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 13���15 long setae, interrupted medially; numerous ventral setae directed obliquely to sagittal plane; maximum width 2.5�� maximum length. Mandible (Fig. 4D) translucent, dark brown near to incisors and molars, with median brownish rounded area on inner margin; outer margin basally curved; without dorsal row of setae and with thick and long setae near to basal articulation. Maxilla (Fig. 4E). Galea-lacinia with prominent tusk on inner apical angle (nearly half of apical width of galea-lacinia). Hypopharynx as in figure 4B. Labium as in figure 4C. Thorax. Terga yellowish brown, irregularly washed with dark gray; pronotum with submedial stripe and lateral margin dark gray; pleura brownish, washed with dark gray; sterna whitish yellow (Fig. 3B). Legs. Whitish; coxae washed with dark gray. Leg I (Fig. 5A). Femur with subapical band and dorsal blackish mark. Legs II and III (Figs 5B, D) similar to leg I slightly washed with light brown. Femora with long setae and spine-like setae along external margin; dorsal surface covered with long spine-like setae, absent in femur I. Tibia I (Fig. 5A) with few short spinelike setae along inner margin and long spine-like setae on dorsal surface, long and thin setae along outer margin; tibia II (Fig. 5B) with long and thin setae along outer margin and row of spine-like setae on dorsal surface; tibia III (Fig. 5C) with spine-like setae and long setae in external margin and long spine-like setae on dorsal surface and inner and apical margins. Tarsal claws strongly hooked (Fig. 5E) with minute denticles basally and 6���7 median denticles subequal in size, without accessory denticles. Abdomen. Terga brown, segments VI���X darker; segment I washed with gray. Sterna whitish, segments VII���X darker (Fig. 3B). Gills grayish, present on segments I���VII tapering gradually, with no lateral tracheation (Fig. 5C); inner margin with 6���8 filaments along entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3���4 filaments. Caudal filaments yellowish. Female imago. Unknown. Life cycle association. Nymphs reared. Biology. The nymphs were captured inhabiting leaves and rocks about 1 m below the water surface, on the banks of Rio Itapecuru. The river flows through highly impacted agricultural land and pasture. The river receives the wastewaters from Caxias municipality and all communities upstream, and many people use the river for laundry, bathing, and fishing. Etymology. In memory of the famous comic book writer, Stanley Martin Lieber ���Stan Lee��� (1922���2018), whose expression ���Excelsior!��� (word of Latin origin meaning something illustrious, grandiose, majestic) found special popularity. Material examined. Holotype: ♂ imago (reared), exuviae mounted on slides, Brazil, Maranh��o State, Cax- ias municipality, P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, S05��07���28.51���, W43��33���02.26���, 68 m a.s.l., 06.xii.2019, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols. (UFVB���EP00193). Paratypes: Brazil, Maranh��o State, 3 ♂ imagos (UFVB���EP00194), same data as holotype, except 31.i.2014, Nascimento, SRS; Gomes, GRD; Diego, DC cols, light trap; 1 ♂ imago (MZUESC���eph0700), same data as holotype, except 06.vii.2014, Nascimento, SRS; Gomes, GRD; Diego, DC cols, light trap; 3 ♂ imagos (MZUESC���eph0701), same data as holotype, except 08.iii.2018, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols, light trap; 5 ♂ nymphs (UFVB���EP00195), same data as holotype, except 02.ii.2014, Nascimento, SRS; Gomes, GRD; Diego, DC cols; 1 ♂ nymph (MZUESC���eph0702), same data as holotype, except 06.xii.2019, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols. Discussion. The male imago of T. excelsior sp. nov. is similar to T. (Zonda) calingastensis from Western Argen- tina by sharing the same pattern of coloration on body and wings, and styliger plate with broad and paired projections. However, the new species differs from it by having a styliger plate very unusual for the genus, with lateral projections apically pointed and laterally curved, and a small medial projection posteriorly projected. The subapical spine of penes lobe is also uncommon with broad base, tapering toward the apex and medially curved and inserted in a groove into each penes lobe. The nymphal stage is similar to T. insolita by the presence of a prominent tusk on galea-lacinia and a row of spine-like setae on the foretibia, and absence of a frontoclypeal projection. They can be distinguished from each other by the ratio of width/length of labrum: 2.8�� in T. insolita and 2.5�� in T. excelsior sp. nov., Published as part of Nascimento, St��nio R. S., Lima, Lucas R. C., Mariano, Rodolfo & Azev��do, Carlos A. S., 2020, New species and stages description of Traverella Edmunds, 1948 (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae) from Northeast Brazil, pp. 411-422 in Zootaxa 4861 (3) on pages 412-417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4416461

Traverella excelsior Nascimento & Lima sp. nov. (Figs 1–5) Diagnosis. Traverella excelsior sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the following differential characters: male imago: 1) forks of MA and MP veins asymmetric, ICu1 basally free (Fig. 2A); 2) styliger plate with lateral projections sharpening toward apex and with cavity from the inner base to the apex of forceps, covering almost entirely the penes lobes (Figs 1D, 2D); 3) penes lobes with a ventrally projected at apex (Figs 1E, 2E); 4) subapical spines with broad base, tapering toward the apex and medially curved and inserted in a groove into each penes lobes (Fig. 2E). Nymph: 1) clypeus without an anteromedial projection, lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.3× maximum width of clypeus; 2) labrum U-shaped with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 13–15 long setae interrupted medially; 3) mandible with a median rounded area on inner margin; outer margin basally curved; 4) gills present on segments I–VII tapering gradually, with no lateral tracheation, inner margin with 6–8 filaments along the entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3–4 filaments. Description. Male imago (in alcohol). Length: body: 5.9–6.7 mm; forewing: 6.8–6.9 mm; hind wing: 1.03–1.2 mm. Head. Dorsal region light brown, with dark brown markings; ventral region whitish (Fig. 1B). Upper portion of composite eye orange-brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish, surrounded by dark brown (Figs 1A, B). Antenna. Scape and pedicel light brown, flagellum yellowish (Fig. 1B). Thorax. Pronotum dark brown washed with black, with posterior margin dark brown and, medially with light brown band (Fig. 1C). Mesonotum dark brown, except for mediolongitudinal, medioparapsidal and lateroparapidal sutures light brown, posterior scutal protuberance and scuto-scutellar impression dark brown, scutellum light brown (Figs 1A, C). Metanotum light brown; pleura yellowish-brown with dark brown sclerites; sternum light brown (Figs 1A, C). Wings (Figs 2 A–C). Membrane hyaline, stained with brown at base. Forewing with yellowish longitudinal veins yellowish and crossveins translucent, forks of MA and MP veins asymmetrics, ICu1 basally free (Fig. 2A). Hind wing with hyaline membrane, brown at base, costal projection well-developed, forming acute angle, veins translucent (Figs 2B, C). Legs. Forecoxa dark brown, median and posterior yellowish-brown. Trochanters yellowish-brown. Foreleg with femur yellowish-brown with small brown band, washed with black at apex; tarsus yellowish-brown. Mid and hind legs: femora yellowish-brown with dark brown band washed with black at apex; tarsi yellowish-brown. Abdomen. Tergum I dark brown, washed with black, terga II–VI translucent, posterior margin of terga III–IX with transversal dark brown band, laterally interrupted; terga VII–X light brown, tergum X darker (Figs 1A, C). Sterna I–VI translucent, segments VII–IX light brown. Genitalia (Figs 1D, E; 2D, E). Styliger plate yellowishbrown, with small, median projection; lateral projections sharpening toward at apex and with cavity from inner base to apex of forceps, covering penes lobes almost entirely when observed in ventral view (Figs 1D, 2D). Forceps yellowish-white, segment II 0.16× length of segment I (Figs 1D, 2D). Penes dark brown, broad at base and apically rounded, with lobes fused at basal ¼ and ventral projection at apex, ventrally projected at apex; subapical spines light brown with broad base, tapering toward apex and medially curved and inserted in groove into each penes lobe (Fig. 2E). Caudal filaments whitish with apical margin of each segment black. Mature Nymph. Length: body, 5.9–6.6 mm; antenna, 3.6– 3.5 mm; cerci, 7.1–7.3 mm; terminal filament, 8.2– 8.7 mm. General coloration brown (Figs 3–5). Head. Light brown, washed with gray. Upper portion of male compound eye reddish brown, lower portion black. Antenna whitish yellow. Clypeus without anteromedial projection (Fig. 4A), lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.3× maximum width of clypeus. Mouthparts (Figs 4 A–E). Labrum (Fig. 4A) dark brown, U-shaped with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 13–15 long setae, interrupted medially; numerous ventral setae directed obliquely to sagittal plane; maximum width 2.5× maximum length. Mandible (Fig. 4D) translucent, dark brown near to incisors and molars, with median brownish rounded area on inner margin; outer margin basally curved; without dorsal row of setae and with thick and long setae near to basal articulation. Maxilla (Fig. 4E). Galea-lacinia with prominent tusk on inner apical angle (nearly half of apical width of galea-lacinia). Hypopharynx as in figure 4B. Labium as in figure 4C. Thorax. Terga yellowish brown, irregularly washed with dark gray; pronotum with submedial stripe and lateral margin dark gray; pleura brownish, washed with dark gray; sterna whitish yellow (Fig. 3B). Legs. Whitish; coxae washed with dark gray. Leg I (Fig. 5A). Femur with subapical band and dorsal blackish mark. Legs II and III (Figs 5B, D) similar to leg I slightly washed with light brown. Femora with long setae and spine-like setae along external margin; dorsal surface covered with long spine-like setae, absent in femur I. Tibia I (Fig. 5A) with few short spinelike setae along inner margin and long spine-like setae on dorsal surface, long and thin setae along outer margin; tibia II (Fig. 5B) with long and thin setae along outer margin and row of spine-like setae on dorsal surface; tibia III (Fig. 5C) with spine-like setae and long setae in external margin and long spine-like setae on dorsal surface and inner and apical margins. Tarsal claws strongly hooked (Fig. 5E) with minute denticles basally and 6–7 median denticles subequal in size, without accessory denticles. Abdomen. Terga brown, segments VI–X darker; segment I washed with gray. Sterna whitish, segments VII–X darker (Fig. 3B). Gills grayish, present on segments I–VII tapering gradually, with no lateral tracheation (Fig. 5C); inner margin with 6–8 filaments along entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3–4 filaments. Caudal filaments yellowish. Female imago. Unknown. Life cycle association. Nymphs reared. Biology. The nymphs were captured inhabiting leaves and rocks about 1 m below the water surface, on the banks of Rio Itapecuru. The river flows through highly impacted agricultural land and pasture. The river receives the wastewaters from Caxias municipality and all communities upstream, and many people use the river for laundry, bathing, and fishing. Etymology. In memory of the famous comic book writer, Stanley Martin Lieber ‘Stan Lee’ (1922–2018), whose expression “Excelsior!” (word of Latin origin meaning something illustrious, grandiose, majestic) found special popularity. Material examined. Holotype: ♂ imago (reared), exuviae mounted on slides, Brazil, Maranhão State, Cax- ias municipality, Pé da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, S05°07’28.51”, W43°33’02.26”, 68 m a.s.l., 06.xii.2019, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols. (UFVB–EP00193). Paratypes: Brazil, Maranhão State, 3 ♂ imagos (UFVB–EP00194), same data as holotype, except 31.i.2014, Nascimento, SRS; Gomes, GRD; Diego, DC cols, light trap; 1 ♂ imago (MZUESC–eph0700), same data as holotype, except 06.vii.2014, Nascimento, SRS; Gomes, GRD; Diego, DC cols, light trap; 3 ♂ imagos (MZUESC–eph0701), same data as holotype, except 08.iii.2018, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols, light trap; 5 ♂ nymphs (UFVB–EP00195), same data as holotype, except 02.ii.2014, Nascimento, SRS; Gomes, GRD; Diego, DC cols; 1 ♂ nymph (MZUESC–eph0702), same data as holotype, except 06.xii.2019, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols. Discussion. The male imago of T. excelsior sp. nov. is similar to T. (Zonda) calingastensis from Western Argen- tina by sharing the same pattern of coloration on body and wings, and styliger plate with broad and paired projections. However, the new species differs from it by having a styliger plate very unusual for the genus, with lateral projections apically pointed and laterally curved, and a small medial projection posteriorly projected. The subapical spine of penes lobe is also uncommon with broad base, tapering toward the apex and medially curved and inserted in a groove into each penes lobe. The nymphal stage is similar to T. insolita by the presence of a prominent tusk on galea-lacinia and a row of spine-like setae on the foretibia, and absence of a frontoclypeal projection. They can be distinguished from each other by the ratio of width/length of labrum: 2.8× in T. insolita and 2.5× in T. excelsior sp. nov.

Key to male imagos of Traverella from Brazil 1. Styliger plate strongly projected posteriorly, hindering the vision of penes (Nascimento & Salles 2013: fig. 14D).. T. insolita - Styliger plate not strongly projected posteriorly............................................................. 2 2(1). Styliger plate without lateral projections (Needham & Murphy 1924: pl. 11, fig, 142)....................... T. bradleyi - Styliger plate with lateral broad paired projections........................................................... 3 3(2). Lateral projections of styliger plate sharpening toward at apex (Figs 1D, 2D)................ Traverella excelsior sp. nov. - Lateral projections of styliger plate with two fine, long spines dorsally recurved (Nascimento et al. 2019: fig. 16A)................................................................................................ T. maranhensis, Published as part of Nascimento, St��nio R. S., Lima, Lucas R. C., Mariano, Rodolfo & Azev��do, Carlos A. S., 2020, New species and stages description of Traverella Edmunds, 1948 (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae) from Northeast Brazil, pp. 411-422 in Zootaxa 4861 (3) on page 421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4416461, {"references":["Nascimento, J. M. C. & Salles, F. F. (2013) New species of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 3718 (1), 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3718.1.1","Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E. (1924) Neotropical mayflies. Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, No. 24, Entomological Series, 4, 1 - 79.","Nascimento, S. R. S., Lima, L. R. C. & Azevedo, C. A. S. (2019) A new species of Traverella Edmunds, 1948 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4619 (1), 195 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4619.1.12"]}

Traverella maranhensis Nascimento, Lima & Azevedo, 2019 (Figs 6���8) Traverella maranhensis Nascimento, Lima & Azevedo, 2019: 196. Diagnosis. Male Imago: 1) vein ICu1 of forewings free basally; 2) subgenital plate forming two broad, lateral projections with two narrow, long, dorsally recurved spines; 3) penis lobe divided on distal ��; 4) penis lobe triangular and apically rounded, with a long, ventral spine both slightly curved and directed to midline (adapted from Nascimento et al. 2019). Nymph: 1) clypeus with a triangular anteromedial projection extending forward and curved slightly upward; 2) labrum rectangular with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 7���8 long setae interrupted medially; 3) mandible with outer margin forming an angle of almost 90��, without dorsal row of setae; 4) gills I���VII tapering gradually, with lateral tracheation, inner margin with 12���13 filaments along the entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3���4 filaments. Description. Mature Nymph. Length: body, 5.1���5.8 mm; antenna, 2.6���2.7 mm; cerci, 3.9���4.1 mm; terminal filament, 4.5���5.1 mm. General coloration yellowish brown (Figs 6���8). Head. Yellowish brown, washed with gray. Upper portion of male compound eye orangish, lower portion black. Antenna whitish yellow. Clypeus with triangular anteromedial projection extending forward and curved slightly upward (Figs 6B, 7A), lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.5�� maximum width of clypeus. Mouthparts (Figs 7 A���E). Labrum (Fig. 7A) whitish brown, rectangular with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 7���8 long setae interrupted medially; numerous ventral setae directed obliquely to sagittal plane; maximum width 3.5�� maximum length. Mandible (Fig. 7D) translucent, dark brown near to incisors and molars; outer margin forming angle of almost 90��; without dorsal row of setae. Maxilla (Fig. 7E). Galea-lacinia with prominent curved tusk on inner apical angle (nearly half of the apical width of galea-lacinia). Hypopharynx as in figure 7B. Labium as in figure 7C. Thorax. Terga yellowish brown, irregularly washed with grayish brown; pronotum with submedial stripe and lateral margin grayish brown; pleura brownish, washed with dark gray; sterna whitish yellow (Fig. 6C). Legs. Whitish; coxae washed with grayish brown. Legs I and II (Figs 8A, C) femur slightly washed with light brownish. Legs III (Fig. 8E) femur with subapical band and dorsal grayish brown mark. Femora with long setae and spine-like setae along external margin; dorsal surface covered with spine-like setae, absent in femur I. Tibia I (Fig. 8A) with many short spine-like setae along inner margin and long and thin setae along outer margin; tibia II (Fig. 8C) with long and thin setae along outer margin and row of spine-like setae on external margin; tibia III (Fig. 8E) with spine-like setae and long setae on external margin and long spine-like setae on inner and apical margins. Tarsal claws strongly hooked (Fig. 8B) with minute denticles basally and 5���6 median denticles subequal in size, without accessory denticles. Abdomen. Terga light brown, with segments VI���X darker. Sterna whitish, segments VII���VIII washed with grayish brown (Fig. 6C). Gills grayish, present on segments I���VII tapering gradually, with lateral tracheation (Fig. 8D); inner margin with 12���13 filaments along entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3���4 filaments. Caudal filaments yellowish. Biology. The nymphs co-occur at the same collection sites as T. excelsior sp. nov. Material examined. Brazil, Maranh��o State, 1 ♂ imago (reared), exuviae mounted on slides (UFVB���EP00196), Caxias municipality, P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, S05��07���28.51���, W43��33���02.26���, 68 m a.s.l., 06.xii.2019, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols; 3 ♂ nymphs (MZUESC���eph0703), same data except, 02.ii.2018, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols; 2 ♂ nymphs (MZUESC���eph0704), same data except, 14.vii.2020, Nascimento, SRS col. Discussion. The nymphal stage of T. maranhensis seems to be related to T. (Z.) calingastensis by the presence of a row of spine-like setae on posterior margin of foretibia, a frontoclypeal projection and 5���6 tarsal claws. They can be distinguished mainly by the presence of a prominent tusk on galea-lacinia in T. maranhensis that is absent in T. (Z.) calingastensis. The frontoclypeal projection in T. maranhensis is triangular and short, reaching the basal half of labrum, while in T. calingastensis is slender and long, exceeding the anterior margin of the labrum., Published as part of Nascimento, St��nio R. S., Lima, Lucas R. C., Mariano, Rodolfo & Azev��do, Carlos A. S., 2020, New species and stages description of Traverella Edmunds, 1948 (Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae) from Northeast Brazil, pp. 411-422 in Zootaxa 4861 (3) on pages 418-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4416461, {"references":["Nascimento, S. R. S., Lima, L. R. C. & Azevedo, C. A. S. (2019) A new species of Traverella Edmunds, 1948 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4619 (1), 195 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4619.1.12"]}

Traverella maranhensis Nascimento, Lima & Azevedo, 2019 (Figs 6–8) Traverella maranhensis Nascimento, Lima & Azevedo, 2019: 196. Diagnosis. Male Imago: 1) vein ICu1 of forewings free basally; 2) subgenital plate forming two broad, lateral projections with two narrow, long, dorsally recurved spines; 3) penis lobe divided on distal ¾; 4) penis lobe triangular and apically rounded, with a long, ventral spine both slightly curved and directed to midline (adapted from Nascimento et al. 2019). Nymph: 1) clypeus with a triangular anteromedial projection extending forward and curved slightly upward; 2) labrum rectangular with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 7–8 long setae interrupted medially; 3) mandible with outer margin forming an angle of almost 90º, without dorsal row of setae; 4) gills I–VII tapering gradually, with lateral tracheation, inner margin with 12–13 filaments along the entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3–4 filaments. Description. Mature Nymph. Length: body, 5.1–5.8 mm; antenna, 2.6–2.7 mm; cerci, 3.9–4.1 mm; terminal filament, 4.5–5.1 mm. General coloration yellowish brown (Figs 6–8). Head. Yellowish brown, washed with gray. Upper portion of male compound eye orangish, lower portion black. Antenna whitish yellow. Clypeus with triangular anteromedial projection extending forward and curved slightly upward (Figs 6B, 7A), lateral margin strongly concave, maximum width of labrum 1.5× maximum width of clypeus. Mouthparts (Figs 7 A–E). Labrum (Fig. 7A) whitish brown, rectangular with anteromedial emargination; dorsal proximal row with 7–8 long setae interrupted medially; numerous ventral setae directed obliquely to sagittal plane; maximum width 3.5× maximum length. Mandible (Fig. 7D) translucent, dark brown near to incisors and molars; outer margin forming angle of almost 90º; without dorsal row of setae. Maxilla (Fig. 7E). Galea-lacinia with prominent curved tusk on inner apical angle (nearly half of the apical width of galea-lacinia). Hypopharynx as in figure 7B. Labium as in figure 7C. Thorax. Terga yellowish brown, irregularly washed with grayish brown; pronotum with submedial stripe and lateral margin grayish brown; pleura brownish, washed with dark gray; sterna whitish yellow (Fig. 6C). Legs. Whitish; coxae washed with grayish brown. Legs I and II (Figs 8A, C) femur slightly washed with light brownish. Legs III (Fig. 8E) femur with subapical band and dorsal grayish brown mark. Femora with long setae and spine-like setae along external margin; dorsal surface covered with spine-like setae, absent in femur I. Tibia I (Fig. 8A) with many short spine-like setae along inner margin and long and thin setae along outer margin; tibia II (Fig. 8C) with long and thin setae along outer margin and row of spine-like setae on external margin; tibia III (Fig. 8E) with spine-like setae and long setae on external margin and long spine-like setae on inner and apical margins. Tarsal claws strongly hooked (Fig. 8B) with minute denticles basally and 5–6 median denticles subequal in size, without accessory denticles. Abdomen. Terga light brown, with segments VI–X darker. Sterna whitish, segments VII–VIII washed with grayish brown (Fig. 6C). Gills grayish, present on segments I–VII tapering gradually, with lateral tracheation (Fig. 8D); inner margin with 12–13 filaments along entire length of gill and outer margin apically with 3–4 filaments. Caudal filaments yellowish. Biology. The nymphs co-occur at the same collection sites as T. excelsior sp. nov. Material examined. Brazil, Maranhão State, 1 ♂ imago (reared), exuviae mounted on slides (UFVB–EP00196), Caxias municipality, Pé da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, S05°07’28.51”, W43°33’02.26”, 68 m a.s.l., 06.xii.2019, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols; 3 ♂ nymphs (MZUESC–eph0703), same data except, 02.ii.2018, Nascimento, SRS; Jesus, JIS cols; 2 ♂ nymphs (MZUESC–eph0704), same data except, 14.vii.2020, Nascimento, SRS col. Discussion. The nymphal stage of T. maranhensis seems to be related to T. (Z.) calingastensis by the presence of a row of spine-like setae on posterior margin of foretibia, a frontoclypeal projection and 5–6 tarsal claws. They can be distinguished mainly by the presence of a prominent tusk on galea-lacinia in T. maranhensis that is absent in T. (Z.) calingastensis. The frontoclypeal projection in T. maranhensis is triangular and short, reaching the basal half of labrum, while in T. calingastensis is slender and long, exceeding the anterior margin of the labrum.

Oxyethira (Tanytrichia) merga Kelley 1983 Known distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Piauí, Roraima) and VENEZUELA. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Kelley, R. W. (1983) New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85 (1), 41 - 54.","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Hydroptila marighellai Souza, Santos & Takiya 2014 * Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Barras, Rio Longá, 04°12’08.4”S, 42°14’21.2”W, el. 74 m, 4 males, 18.iv.2017, L.A.S. Moreno & L. R. C. Lima legs., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Alagoas, Ceará, Pernambuco)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Souza, W. R. M., Santos, A. P. M. & Takiya, D. M. (2014) Three new species of Hydroptila (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zoologia, 31, 639 - 643. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702014000600010"]}

Oxyethira (Dampfitrichia) circaverna Kelley 1983 * Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Pedro II, Riacho da Ipueira, Cachoeira do Urubu-Rei, 04º19’34.2”S, 41º27’45.5”W, el. 419 m, 3 males, 22.ii.2018, L.A.S Moreno & L. R. C. Lima legs., light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Paraíba), PANAMA, and URUGUAY., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Kelley, R. W. (1983) New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85 (1), 41 - 54."]}

Neotrichia palma Flint 1982 *** Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Barras, Rio Longá, 04°12’08.4”S, 42°14’21.2”W, el. 74 m, 4 males, 18.iv.2017, L.A.S. Moreno & L. R. C. Lima legs., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, and URUGUAY., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1982) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXI: Five new species from Argentina (Trichoptera). Entomological News, 93, 43 - 47."]}

Oxyethira (Loxotrichia) tica Holzenthal & Harris 1992 Known distribution. BRAZIL (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe), COSTA RICA, ECUADOR, FRENCH GUYANA, GRENADA, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, St. LUCIA, St. VINCENT & GRENADINES, and VENEZUELA. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Holzenthal, R. W. & Harris, S. C. (1992) Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: The genus Oxyethira Eaton. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100, 155 - 177.","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Oecetis connata Flint 1974 Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Piauí), GUYANA, and SURINAME. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Quinteiro et al. (2014)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) The Trichoptera of Surinam: Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 55, 1 - 151. [pls. 1 - 4.]","Quinteiro, F. B., Costa, A. M. & Calor, A. R. (2014) Trichoptera do Semiarido II: Integripalpia. In: Bravo, F. & Calor, A. R. (Eds.), Artropodes do Semiarido: Biodiversidade e conservacao. Printmidia, Feira de Santana, pp. 229 - 244."]}

Polyplectropus rondoniensis Chamorro & Holzenthal 2010 Known distribution. BRAZIL (Piauí, Rondônia). Remarks. Reported for the Piauí state by Takiya et al. (2016).

Leptonema viridianum Navás 1916 Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Pará, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro), COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, PARAGUAY, and PERU. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Navas, L. (1916) Neuroptera nova Americana, Serie 01. Memorie della Pontificia Accademia Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, 2 (2), 59 - 69.","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) unguiculata Flint 1983 ** Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Coivaras, Riacho do Boi, Cachoeira da Campeira, 05°11’45.1”S, 42°15’33.9”W, el. 177 m, 1 male, 27.vi.2017, L.A.S. Moreno leg., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), and PARAGUAY., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 377, i-vi + 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.377"]}

Chimarra (Curgia) cultellata Flint 1983 * Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Brasileira, Riacho dos Cavalos, Cachoeira do Bota-Fora, 04°12’51.1”S, 41°40’01.7”W, el. 162 m, 4 males, 28.x–04.xi.2017, L. R. C. Lima leg., Malaise trap (CEHJ); same data, except 2 males, 15.xii.2018, light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Santa Catarina), and VENEZUELA., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 377, i-vi + 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.377"]}

Flintiella harrisi Souza, Santos & Takiya 2016b Known distribution. BRAZIL (Piauí). Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Souza et al. (2016b)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Souza, W. R. M., Santos, A. P. M. & Takiya, D. M. (2016 b) Three new species of Stactobiinae (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) with the first record of Orinocotrichia Harris, Flint & Holzenthal from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4078 (3), 337 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4078.1.28"]}

Oxyethira (Tanytrichia) longissima Flint 1974 Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Piauí). Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) The Trichoptera of Surinam: Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 55, 1 - 151. [pls. 1 - 4.]","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Cyrnellus fraternus (Banks 1905) Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina), COSTA RICA, ECUADOR, EL SALVADOR, FRENCH GUYANA, MEXICO, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, PARAGUAY, SURINAME, VENEZUELA, URUGUAY, and USA. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Banks, N. (1905) Descriptions of new Nearctic neuropteroid insects. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 32, 1 - 20, pls. 1 - 2.","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Smicridea (Smicridea) bivittata (Hagen 1861) Known distribution. BRAZIL (Ceará, Minas Gerais, Pará, Piauí, São Paulo), COSTA RICA, ECUADOR, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, MEXICO, SURINAME, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, and VENEZUELA. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Hagen, H. A. (1861) Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of the South American species. Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections, 4, 1 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60275","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Smicridea (Smicridea) franciscana Rocha, Dumas & Nessimian 2016 * Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Brasileira, Riacho dos Cavalos, Cachoeira do Bota Fora, 04°12’51.1”S, 41°40’01.7”W, el. 162 m, 7 males, 01.vi.2019, L.A.S. Moreno leg., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Ceará, Minas Gerais, Paraná)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Rocha, I. C., Dumas, L. L. & Nessimian, J. L. (2016) Three new species and a new record of Smicridea McLachlan 1871 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4107 (3), 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4107.3.10"]}

Nectopsyche multilineata Flint 1983 ** Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Coivaras, Riacho do Boi, Cachoeira da Campeira, 05°11’45.1”S, 42°15’33.9W, el. 177 m, 1 male, 12.iii.2017, L. R. C. Lima leg., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CEHJ); Novo Santo Antônio, Cachoeira da Coruja, 05°22’02.6”S, 41°59’52.9”W, el. 150 m, 1 female, 29.iii.2018, L. R. C. Lima leg., Light trap (CEHJ); Batalha, Rio Longá, Cachoeira do Urubu, 03°54’47.9”S, 42° 6’47.70”W, el. 80 m, 5 males, 07.ix.2018, L.A.S. Moreno leg., light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Roraima), and VENEZUELA. Remarks. This species was reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016) as Nectopsyche cf. multilineata, having the need to confirm its identity. We confirmed the presence of N. multilineata from Piauí based on six males collected in three municipalities. Besides that, its presence in this study represents the first record for Northeastern Brazil., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 377, i-vi + 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.377","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Smicridea (Smicridea) palifera Flint 1981 * Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Coivaras, Riacho do Boi, Cachoeira da Campeira, 05°11’45.1”S, 42°15’33.9”W, el. 177 m, 1 male, 27.vi.2017, L.A.S. Moreno leg., Entomological net (CEHJ); União, Cachoeira da Formosa, 04°35’48.8”S, 42°41’26.0”W, el. 82 m, 4 males, 09.viii.2018, L.A.S. Moreno leg., light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), GRENADA, and VENEZUELA., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1981) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVIII: The Trichoptera of the Rio Limon Basin, Venezuela. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 330, i-v + 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.330"]}

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) scutellaris Flint 1974 ** Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Coivaras, Riacho do Boi, Cachoeira da Campeira, 05°11’45.1”S, 42°15’33.9W, el. 177 m, 1 male, 27.vi.2017, L.A.S. Moreno leg., Pennsylvania insect light trap (CEHJ); Barras, Rio Longá, 04°12’08.4”S, 42°14’21.2”W, 3 males, 18.iv.2017, L. R. C. Lima & L.A.S. Moreno legs., light trap (CEHJ); Novo Santo Antônio, Riacho da Caiçara, Cachoeira da Coruja, 05°22’02.6”S, 41°59’52.9”W, el. 150 m, 30 males, 29.iii.2018, L. R. C. Lima leg., light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Pará, Roraima), FRENCH GUIANA, and SURINAME., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) The Trichoptera of Surinam: Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 55, 1 - 151. [pls. 1 - 4.]"]}

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) coronata Flint 1980 Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Ceará, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Piauí, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul), PARAGUAY, and URUGUAY. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Alves et al. (2018)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1980) Studies on Neotropical caddisflies, XXVI: New species from Argentina (Trichoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 39, 137 - 142.","Alves, A. A., Santos, A. L. M. & Nessimian, J. L. (2018) A new species of Smicridea McLachlan 1871 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from the Caatinga biome and new distributional records from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4500 (3), 388 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4500.3.6"]}

Oxyethira (unplaced) rafaeli Souza & Santos 2017 Known distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Piauí). Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Souza & Santos (2017)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Souza, W. R. M. & Santos, A. P. M. (2017) Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeast Brazil: Eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa, 4236 (3), 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4236.3.4"]}

Macrostemum ulmeri (Banks 1913) Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Acre, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Pará, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia and Roraima), COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, ECUADOR, HONDURAS, PERU, and SURINAME. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Takiya et al. (2016)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Banks, N. (1913) Synopsis and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 39, 201 - 242.","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Macrostemum bravoi França, Paprocki & Calor 2013 * Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Bom Jesus, Povoado Resfriado, 09º13’28.4”S, 44º28’06.2”W, 1 male, 28– 31.viii.2018, S.A. Miranda, S.B.C. Miranda & J. T. Câmara legs., malaise trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Franca, D., Paprocki, H. & Calor, A. R. (2013) The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males. Zootaxa, 3716 (3), 301 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.3.1"]}

Oecetis inconspicua (Walker 1852) Known distribution. BAHAMAS, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Piauí), CANADA, COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, JAMAICA, MEXICO, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, PERU, PUERTO RICO, U.S.A., and VENEZUELA. Remarks. Reported from Piauí by Quinteiro et al. (2014)., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Walker, F. (1852) Cataloque of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Part I: Phryganides-Perlides. British Museum, London, 192 pp.","Quinteiro, F. B., Costa, A. M. & Calor, A. R. (2014) Trichoptera do Semiarido II: Integripalpia. In: Bravo, F. & Calor, A. R. (Eds.), Artropodes do Semiarido: Biodiversidade e conservacao. Printmidia, Feira de Santana, pp. 229 - 244."]}

Cyrnellus ulmeri Flint 1971 ** Material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Barras, Rio Longá, 04°12’08.4”S, 42°14’21.2”W, el. 74 m, 2 males, 18.iv.2017, L. R. C. Lima & L.A.S. Moreno legs., light trap (CEHJ). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Pará), PERU, and URUGUAY., Published as part of Moreno, Lucas A. S., Desidério, Gleison Robson, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M. & Lima, Lucas R. C., 2020, Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records, pp. 257-272 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4403914, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae, and Psychomyiidae from the Amazon River (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67."]}