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In this study, one strain of Beauveria caledonica was isolated from wild fruiting bodies collected from Guizhou Province, China, and its species identification, biological characteristics, domestication, and cultivation methods were studied along with polysaccharide and adenosine content analysis. The mycelia were identified by ITS sequencing, and the fruiting bodies of B. caledonica were domestically cultivated for the first time using wheat and rice as basic cultivation media. The carbon sources, nitrogen sources, cultivation temperatures, and pH for mycelial growth were optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) experiments. The polysaccharide content was detected by the phenol–sulfuric acid method, and the adenosine content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results confirmed that the identified mycelia were B. caledonica. The optimum medium for solid culture was 25.8 g/L glycerol, 10.9 g/L yeast extract, 1 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 1 g/L KH2PO4, 10 mg/L vitamin B1, and 20 g/L agar; the optimum pH was 6.5, and the optimum culture temperature was 25 °C. The optimal liquid culture medium was 26.2 g/L glycerol, 11.1 g/L yeast extract, 1 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 1 g/L KH2PO4, and 10 mg/L vitamin B1; the mycelia grew well at pH 6.6 and 25 °C. The average biological efficiencies of fruiting bodies on wheat and rice as culture media were 1.880% and 2.115%, respectively; the polysaccharide contents of fruiting bodies on the two media were 6.635% and 9.264%, respectively, while the adenosine contents were 0.145% and 0.150%, respectively. This study provides a valuable reference for further artificial cultivation and utilization of B. caledonica by investigating its biological characteristics, cultivation conditions for artificial domestication, and polysaccharide and adenosine contents in cultivated fruiting bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metalenses made of artificial sub-wavelength nanostructures have shown the capability of light focusing and imaging with a miniaturized size. Here, we report the demonstration of mass-producible amorphous silicon metalenses on a 12-inch glass wafer via the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible process. The measured numerical aperture of the fabricated metalens is 0.496 with a focusing spot size of 1.26 μm at the wavelength of 940 nm. The metalens is applied in an imaging system to test the imaging resolution. The minimum bar of the resolution chart with a width of 2.19 μm is clearly observed. Furthermore, the same system demonstrates the imaging of a fingerprint, and proofs the concept of using metalens array to reduce the system size for future compact consumer electronics.

Half-wave plate (HWP) is one of the key polarization controlling devices in optical systems. The conventional HWPs based on birefringent crystals are inherently bulky and difficult to be monolithically integrated with other optical components. In this work, metasurface-based HWPs with high compactness are demonstrated on a 12-inch silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor platform. Three-dimensional finite difference time domain simulation is used to design the nanostructure and investigate the impact of fabrication process variation on the device performance. In addition, the cross- and co-polarization transmittance (Tcross and Tco) of the HWPs located at different wafer locations are characterized experimentally. The peak Tcross and valley Tco values of 0.69 ± 0.053 and 0.032 ± 0.005 are realized at the wavelength around 1.7 μm, respectively. This corresponds to a polarization conversion efficiency of 95.6% ± 0.8%.

Metasurface-based beam deflector, as an important optical element to bend the light propagation direction, has drawn a lot of interests in research to achieve miniaturization of devices and reduction of system complexity. Based on the 12-inch immersion lithography technology, in this work, an ultra-thin and large-area pixelated metasurface beam deflector with a footprint of 2500 × 2500 μm, formed by nanopillars with diameters from 221 to 396 nm, is demonstrated on a 12-inch glass wafer. The 21 × 21 array of deflectors is designed to bend the input light in different directions and to generate 441 random points. In addition, the layer transfer on the 12-inch glass wafer makes the device working in transmission mode at a 940-nm wavelength. The random point array generated from the experiment shows good match with the design. This pixelated metasurface beam deflector can generate random points simultaneously and has potential to make beam steering by switching each pixel of the beam deflector, which can be applied on motion detection, facial recognition, and light detection and ranging.