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Key Clinical Message: Good's syndrome (GS) presents with thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and recurrent infection. The manifestations of patients diagnosed with GS and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastroenteritis are rare and non‐specific. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis of the rare disease. Good's syndrome (GS), a rare acquired immunodeficiency condition, is characterized by thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and low peripheral B‐lymphocyte count. GS tends to occur in individuals aged 40–60 years, resulting in increased risk of recurrent infections with various conditional pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause pneumonia, retinitis, encephalitis, and enteritis in GS patient, but CMV infection in the alimentary tract is usually underestimated, delayed diagnosed and misdiagnosed. In this study, we reported a female patient with GS and chronic diarrhea due to CMV infection and reviewed the literature to conclude the characteristics of this rare condition to improve the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of CMV gastroenteritis in patients with GS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is grappling with the ongoing crisis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic that continues to have a detrimental impact on public health and economies worldwide. The virus's relentless mutation has led to more transmissible, immune-evasive strains, thereby escalating the incidence of reinfection. This underscores the urgent need for highly effective and safe countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 and its evolving variants. In the current context, nanomedicine presents an innovative and promising alternative to mitigate the impacts of this pandemic wave. It does so by harnessing the structural and functional properties at a nanoscale in a straightforward and adaptable manner. This review emphasizes the most recent progress in the development of nanovaccines, nanodecoys, and nanodisinfectants to tackle SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Notably, the insights gained and strategies implemented in managing the ongoing pandemic may also offer invaluable guidance for the development of potent nanomedicines to combat future pandemics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumour immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in many different types of cancer in the past two decades. The outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients has been linked to the quality and magnitude of T cell, NK cell, and more recently, B cell within the tumour microenvironment, suggesting that the immune landscape of a tumour is highly connected to patient response and prognosis. It is critical to understanding tumour immune microenvironments for identifying immune modifiers of cancer progression and developing cancer immunotherapies. The infiltration of solid tumours by immune cells with anti-tumour activity is both a strong prognostic factor and a therapeutic goal. Recent approaches and applications of new technologies, especially single-cell mRNA analysis in dissecting tumour microenvironments have brought important insights into the biology of tumour-infiltrating immune cells, revealed a remarkable degree of cellular heterogeneity and distinct patterns of immune response. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the understanding of tumour infiltrated lymphocytes, their prognostic benefit, and predictive value for immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surgery is still an effective treatment option for adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS), but how to predict patients' significant amount of the improvement in quality of life remains unclear. The previous studies included an inhomogeneous population. This study aimed to report the results about concentrating on the amount of immediate changes in spinopelvic radiographic parameters to predict the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life in ADS patients. Materials and methods: Pre-operative and immediately post-operative radiographic parameters included Cobb angle, coronal vertical axis (CVA), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI) and LL/PI matching (PI–LL). Quality of life scores were evaluated pre-operatively and at the final follow-up using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The amount of immediate changes in spinopelvic radiographic parameters (Δ) and the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life (Δ) were defined, respectively. Results: Patients showed significant change in radiographic parameters, ODI and VAS pre- and post-surgery, except CVA and PI. Univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between ΔTK, ΔLL, ΔCVA and the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life, but multivariate analysis did not get a significant result. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that ΔSVA was still a significant predictor of ΔVAS and ΔODI. The changes in the other radiographic parameters were not significant. The equations were developed by linear regression: ΔODI = 0.162 × ΔSVA − 21.592, ΔVAS = 0.034 × ΔSVA − 2.828. In the ROC curve for ΔSVA in the detection of a strong ΔODI or ΔVAS, the cut-off value of ΔSVA was − 19.855 mm and − 15.405 mm, respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that ΔSVA can predict the amount of mid-term improvement in quality of life in ADS patients. The changes in the other radiographic parameters were not significant. Two equations were yielded to estimate ΔODI and ΔVAS. ΔSVA has respective cut-off value to predict ΔODI and ΔVAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The express delivery industry has played a key role in people's lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, due to concerns about the virus, people frequently ostracize services from couriers, which can damage the couriers' motivation and make them consider seeking other work. In this study we explored how customer ostracism influenced turnover intention among couriers. Using a questionnaire survey of 529 couriers administered at two time points, we found that customer ostracism was positively and significantly correlated with couriers' turnover intention and that this relationship was mediated by work stress and moderated by perceived organizational support. These results enrich our knowledge of the antecedents and mechanisms related to employees' turnover intention during the pandemic, as well as having important practical implications for the management of couriers' work stress and the prevention of their turnover intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone formation is dependent on the osteoblasts which are differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In addition to potent proliferation, self‐renewal, and pluripotent differentiation, BMSCs have been extensively studied due to their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, galectin‐1 (Gal‐1) has been proposed as a potent mediator of immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs. Previous study demonstrated that Gal‐1 showed age‐related decline in mice serum and serum Gal‐1 was positively associated with bone mass in mice. The current study makes attempts to elucidate the functional role of Gal‐1 in skeletal system by investigating the regulation of Gal‐1 expression during BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Gal‐1 on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In Gal‐1 null (−/−) mice, bone loss was observed due to bone formation attenuation. In in vitro experiments, Gal‐1 supported the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by binding to CD146 to activate Lrp5 expression and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, there was positive feedback regulation via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling to maintain Gal‐1 high‐level expression during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. More importantly, Gal‐1 down‐regulation in BMSCs and attenuation of osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs were observed in aged mice compared with young mice. Gal‐1 over‐expression could enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of aged BMSCs. Our study will benefit not only for deeper insights into the functional role of Gal‐1 but also for finding new targets to modulate BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of affective events theory, we examined how the vividness of a disaster description affects the public's willingness to donate money to victims of the disaster. We conducted three experimental studies (Studies 1–3) and a survey study (Study 4), and the findings show that the vividness of a disaster description was positively related to individuals' willingness to donate (Study 1), and that this result was maintained when participants' affect and demographic variables were taken into consideration (Study 2). Further, sympathy mediated the effect of vivid descriptions of a disaster on the public's intention to donate money (Studies 3 and 4). We have provided a new understanding of the relationship between the vividness of a disaster description and the public's intention to donate money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the core components of high-end manufacturing equipment, the linear motor (LM) plays an important role in high efficiency and high quality production of the equipment. In this article, a high-precision robust control method with periodic dynamic compensation is proposed for the most common repetitive trajectory tracking task in the manufacturing industry. To overcome the influence of unknown periodic dynamics on the control accuracy, a B-spline wavelet neural network observer is designed to estimate the uncertainties. Moreover, the control framework in the form of robust control is employed to ensure the stability of the closed-loop system under other unknown aperiodic disturbance. Finally, the high-precision control for LM-driven stage in high-speed environment is realized, and the comparative experiments show that the control accuracy of the proposed method is significantly improved at least 28.9% compared with the other three existing control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During threshing rice straw is broken, it becomes mixed with the grains, but it is separated from the grains in the subsequent cleaning process. Reducing broken rice straw can thus help improve cleaning performance. The effect of concentric and non-concentric threshing gaps on threshing performance is different. In this paper, rigid short and flexible long rice straw models were established using discrete element method (DEM) and the flexible model was verified by a three-point bending test. Threshing simulations using the developed straw models and a bench test were conducted to analyse the effects of concentric and non-concentric threshing gaps on rice straw damage. The simulation results showed that comparing concentric with non-concentric gaps the average compressive force on rice straw fluctuated less and the bonds of flexible long rice straw had a lower break proportion. Bench test results showed that the mass fraction of material other than grain (MOG) in threshing outputs with the concentric threshing gap was 4.3% lower than with the non-concentric gap, and the damage level of rice straw was also lower. • Rigid short and flexible long straw models using DEM were established. • The average compressive force on straw was analyzed by threshing simulation. • The weight percentage of MOG in threshing outputs under concentric gap was lower. • The damage level of straw under concentric gap was lower than non-concentric one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAD technology has brought great convenience and effect to the design. This paper proposes to update the comparative analysis of the basic classical landscape grid space structure by constructing a landscape grid space design. According to the actual situation of domestic landscape grid space design and drawing, this paper highlights the role of CAD technology in landscape grid space design and drawing and provides an important basis for the subsequent application of CAD software in landscape grid space design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For aerospace vehicles with uncertainty, strong nonlinearity, and high-performance requirements, the model predictive control (MPC) method has attracted many researchers' attention with its unique advantages. Although this method has a good effect, it is computationally expensive, especially for the nonlinear MPC. In addition, it cannot guarantee the stability performance requirements and limited flexibility in dealing with large initial errors. To overcome these limitations, this article is implemented to obtain a control scheme that can handle uncertainty, initial deviation, and has less online calculation. To ensure the stability requirements, the guardian maps (GM) theory is combined with multimodel predictive control, and a switching rule based on GM is proposed. Then, fully considering the characteristics of linear matrix inequalities used, the idea of "offline design and online optimization" is adopted to solve the control law, which reduces the burden of online computing. Furthermore, in the case of large initial errors, a transient trajectory design method is established to reconstruct the trajectory online, and to modify the tracking command. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, whether the immune response for SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV(PLWH) is different from HIV-naïve individuals is still not clear.Methods: In this cohort study, COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals in Wuhan between January 15 and April 1, 2020, were enrolled. Patients were categorized into PLWH and HIV-naïve group. All patients were followed up regularly (every 15 days) until November 30, 2020, and the immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 was observed.Results: Totally, 18 PLWH and 185 HIV-naïve individuals with COVID-19 were enrolled. The positive conversion rates of IgG were 56% in PLWH and 88% in HIV-naïve patients respectively, and the peak was on the 45th day after COVID-19 onset. However, the positive rate of IgG dropped to 12% in PLWH and 33% among HIV-naïve individuals by the end of the study. The positive conversion rate of IgG among asymptomatic carriers is significantly lower than that among patients with moderate disease (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.85). PLWH had a lower IgG seroconversion rate (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.39) and shorter IgG duration (AHR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.43-11.13) compared to HIV-naïve individuals. Patients with higher lymphocyte counts at onset had a lower positive conversion rate (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.87) and shorter duration for IgG (AHR = 4.01, 95% CI 1.78-9.02).Conclusions: The positive conversion rate of IgG for SARS-CoV-2 was relatively lower and quickly lost in PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combined experience curve theory and social learning theory and proposed that the relationship between entrepreneurs' prior experience and their entrepreneurial self-efficacy would be curvilinear, with the upward slope of the curve gradually decreasing. Participants were 266 entrepreneurs in Southeast China who completed a survey. Our results show there was a nonlinear relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, suggesting that as entrepreneurs gained more experience, the rate of entrepreneurial self-efficacy slowed down. Furthermore, we found that entrepreneurial passion moderated this curvilinear relationship, such that when entrepreneurial passion was strong, nascent entrepreneurs with less experience exhibited greater entrepreneurial self-efficacy than did entrepreneurs with more experience. Theoretical contributions and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhodotorula toruloides is a robust producer of triacylglycerol owing to its fast growth rate and strong metabolic flux under conditions of high cell density fermentation. However, the molecular basis of fatty acid biosynthesis, desaturation and regulation remains elusive. Results: We present the molecular characterization of four fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in R. toruloides. Biosynthesis of oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (POA) was conferred by a single-copy ∆9 Fad (Ole1) as targeted deletion of which abolished the biosynthesis of all unsaturated fatty acids. Conversion of OA to linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) was predominantly catalyzed by the bifunctional ∆12/∆15 Fad2. FAD4 was found to encode a trifunctional ∆9/∆12/∆15 FAD, playing important roles in lipid and biomass production as well as stress resistance. Furthermore, an abundantly transcribed OLE1-related gene, OLE2 encoding a 149-aa protein, was shown to regulate Ole1 regioselectivity. Like other fungi, the transcription of FAD genes was controlled by nitrogen levels and fatty acids in the medium. A conserved DNA motif, (T/C)(G/A)TTGCAGA(T/C)CCCAG, was demonstrated to mediate the transcription of OLE1 by POA/OA. The applications of these FAD genes were illustrated by engineering high-level production of OA and γ-linolenic acid (GLA). Conclusion: Our work has gained novel insights on the transcriptional regulation of FAD genes, evolution of FAD enzymes and their roles in UFA biosynthesis, membrane stress resistance and, cell mass and total fatty acid production. Our findings should illuminate fatty acid metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade against diverse human cancers highlights the critical importance of insightful understanding into mechanisms underlying PD-L1 regulation. IFN-γ released by intratumoral lymphocytes regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor cells through JAK-STAT-IRF1 pathway, while the molecular events prime IRF1 to translocate into nucleus are still obscure. Here we identified STXBP6, previously recognized involving in SNARE complex assembly, negatively regulates PD-L1 transcription via retention of IRF1 in cytoplasm. IFN-γ exposure stimulates accumulation of cytosolic IRF1, which eventually saturates STXBP6 and triggers nuclear translocation of IRF1. Nuclear IRF1 in turn inhibits STXBP6 expression and thereby liberates more IRF1 to migrate to nucleus. Therefore, we identified a novel positive feedback loop between STXBP6 and IRF1 in regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrate STXBP6 overexpression significantly inhibits T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer new insight into the complexity of PD-L1 expression in cancer and suggest a valuable measure to predict the response to PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 51-year-old man with 3-month unhealing cat bite wound was diagnosed with sporotrichosis, a subacute-to-chronic infection caused by the worldwide endemic, dimorphic fungus Sporothrix globosa. The case would help clinicians to raise awareness of human sporotrichosis due to cat bites, which remains rare and is likely to be underrecognized and misdiagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective auscultations are often hard to implement in isolation wards. To date, little is known about the characteristics of pulmonary auscultation in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the features and clinical significance of pulmonary auscultation in COVID-19 pneumonia using an electronic stethoscope in isolation wards. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at Wuhan Red-Cross Hospital during the period from January 27, 2020, to February 12, 2020. Standard auscultation with an electronic stethoscope was performed and electronic recordings of breath sounds were analyzed. Results: Fifty-seven patients with average age of 60.6 years were enrolled. The most common symptoms were cough (73.7%) during auscultation. Most cases had bilateral lesions (96.4%) such as multiple ground-glass opacities (69.1%) and fibrous stripes (21.8%). High-quality auscultation recordings (98.8%) were obtained, and coarse breath sounds, wheezes, coarse crackles, fine crackles, and Velcro crackles were identified. Most cases had normal breath sounds in upper lungs, but the proportions of abnormal breath sounds increased in the basal fields where Velcro crackles were more commonly identified at the posterior chest. The presence of fine and coarse crackles detected 33/39 patients with ground-glass opacities (sensitivity 84.6% and specificity 12.5%) and 8/9 patients with consolidation (sensitivity 88.9% and specificity 15.2%), while the presence of Velcro crackles identified 16/39 patients with ground-glass opacities (sensitivity 41% and specificity 81.3%). Conclusions: The abnormal breath sounds in COVID-19 pneumonia had some consistent distributive characteristics and to some extent correlated with the radiologic features. Such evidence suggests that electronic auscultation is useful to aid diagnosis and timely management of the disease. Further studies are indicated to validate the accuracy and potential clinical benefit of auscultation in detecting pulmonary abnormalities in COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to uncover the influencing mechanism of the tilt angles of the cage pocket walls of the high-speed cylindrical roller bearing on the bearing skidding. Design/methodology/approach: A novel cylindrical roller bearing with the beveled cage pockets was proposed. Using the Hertz contact theory and the elastohydrodynamic and hydrodynamic lubrication formulas, the contact models of the bearing were built. Using the multibody kinematics and the Newton–Euler dynamics theory, a dynamics model of the bearing was established. Using the Runge–Kutta integration method, the dynamics simulations and analysis of the bearing were performed. Findings: The simulation results show that the effects of the tilt angles of the front and rear walls of the pocket on the bearing skidding are remarkable. Under a 5° tilt angle of the front wall of the pocket and a 10° tilt angle of the rear wall, the bearing skidding can be effectively decreased in the rotational speed range of 10,000-70,000 r/min. Originality/value: In this paper, a novel cylindrical roller bearing with the beveled cage pockets was proposed; a dynamics model of the bearing was established; the influence mechanism of the tilt angles of the front and rear walls of the pocket on the bearing skidding was investigated, which can provide fundamental theory basis for optimizing the pocket. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2020-0035/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged fever is a particular challenge. A 47-year-old man with 5-year intermittent fever and remarkable splenomegaly was diagnosed as chronic melioidosis after splenectomy. The case would help clinicians to raise awareness and include chronic melioidosis in the differential diagnosis for patients with the travel history in melioidosis endemic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To characterize the MIAT expression in cervical cancer and elucidate its mechanistic involvement in the tumor biology of this disease. Methods: The relative expression of MIAT and miR-150 was determined by real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by the CCK-8 and clonogenic assay. The anchorage-independent growth was evaluated by soft agar assay. The in vivo tumor progression was assayed with xenograft mice model. The regulatory effect of miR-150 on MIAT was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. The endogenous CNKD1B protein was detected by western blotting. Results: The low expression of MIAT was characterized in cervical cancer, which associated with relatively poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of MIAT inhibited malignant growth of cervical cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MIAT regulated CDKN1B expression via competition with miR-150, and miR-150-inhibition directly suppressed cervical cancer cell growth. Conclusions: Our study characterized the anti-tumor property of MIAT in cervical cancer and elucidated its competitively regulation of CDKN1B with miR-150. Our data highlighted the critical role of MIAT-miR-150-CDKN1B signaling axis in cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trajectory optimization problem for hypersonic vehicles has long been recognized as a difficult problem. This paper brings control constraints into the trajectory optimization to make the optimal trajectory meet the requirements of control performance. The strong nonlinear characteristic of the ascent phase aerodynamics makes the trajectory optimization problem difficult to be solved by the optimal control theory. A trajectory optimization algorithm based on the improved pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm is proposed to solve the complex trajectory optimization problem under multiple constraints. To overcome the obstacle of premature convergence and deceptiveness, the evolutionary strategy of qubit in quantum evolutionary algorithm (QEA) is introduced into the PIO to maintain population diversity and judge the optimal solution. To handle constraints, the penalty function is used to construct the fitness function. The optimal ascent trajectory is obtained by utilizing the improved PIO algorithm. Then, the trajectory inverse algorithm is used to verify the feasibility of the optimal trajectory to ensure that a feasible optimal trajectory is obtained. The comparison results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms particle swarm optimization (PSO) and standard PIO on trajectory optimization. Meanwhile, the simulation result shows that the performance of the optimal ascent trajectory with control constraints is improved and the trajectory is feasible. Therefore, the method is potentially feasible for solving the ascent trajectory optimization problem under control constraint for hypersonic vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel control design strategy for the hypersonic vehicle using the elastic surrogate model. First, the parametric model is established for the rigid mode of the hypersonic vehicle based on the engineering estimation and panel methods. Then, the beam surrogate model is applied to identify the elastic mode of the hypersonic vehicle, and the complete parametric model including the rigid and elastic modes is obtained accordingly. Afterward, the control-relevant model is acquired based on the Morris sensitivity analysis method. Furthermore, the control system using the surrogate model is proposed for the hypersonic vehicle to suppress elastic disturbances and maintain system stability. Finally, an illustrative example of the hypersonic vehicle is provided to verify the effectiveness of the presented methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used social construction theory to investigate the mechanisms and boundary conditions that underlie the relationship between perception of financial aid and social-giving-back behavior in the context of students in need who receive financial aid at China's universities. The results of a time-lagged field survey with 436 students indicated that their perception of financial aid was positively related to their social-giving-back behavior, and that self-concept mediated this relationship. Furthermore, when the students perceived that financial support was intended for their benefit, this strengthened the relationship between their perception of financial aid and self-concept, which, in turn, reinforced the indirect effect of perception of financial aid on students' giving-back behavior through their self-concept. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel 3D Split&Shuffle-GAN model for 3D medical image generation is proposed, and new inflation strategies are developed to facilitate training of 3D medical generation models. The proposed model significantly improves image generation quality: 14.7 improvements on Frechet Inception Distance with only 48.5% parameters of the baseline. • We conducted comprehensive experiments on both the Heart Coronary CT and Brain MRI images, which verifies the effectives and wide applicability to multiple organs. • Real-world test data has been utilized in this paper: Stanford AIMI Coronary Calcium and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. This collaborates the real-world application potential of our technical solution. Background and Objective : The generation of three-dimensional (3D) medical images has great application potential since it takes into account the 3D anatomical structure. Two problems prevent effective training of a 3D medical generative model: (1) 3D medical images are expensive to acquire and annotate, resulting in an insufficient number of training images, and (2) a large number of parameters are involved in 3D convolution. Methods : We propose a novel GAN model called 3D Split&Shuffle-GAN. To address the 3D data scarcity issue, we first pre-train a two-dimensional (2D) GAN model using abundant image slices and inflate the 2D convolution weights to improve the initialization of the 3D GAN. Novel 3D network architectures are proposed for both the generator and discriminator of the GAN model to significantly reduce the number of parameters while maintaining the quality of image generation. Several weight inflation strategies and parameter-efficient 3D architectures are investigated. Results : Experiments on both heart (Stanford AIMI Coronary Calcium) and brain (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) datasets show that our method leads to improved 3D image generation quality (14.7 improvements on Frchet inception distance) with significantly fewer parameters (only 48.5% of the baseline method). Conclusions : We built a parameter-efficient 3D medical image generation model. Due to the efficiency and effectiveness, it has the potential to generate high-quality 3D brain and heart images for real use cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep ConvNets have shown their good performance in image classification tasks. However, there still remains problems in deep video representations for action recognition. On one hand, current video ConvNets are relatively shallow compared with image ConvNets, which limits their capability of capturing the complex video action information; on the other hand, temporal information of videos is not properly utilized to pool and encode the video sequences. Toward these issues, in this paper we utilize two state-of-the-art ConvNets, i.e., the very deep spatial net (VGGNet ) and the temporal net from Two-Stream ConvNets , for action representation. The convolutional layers and the proposed new layer, called frame-diff layer, are extracted and pooled with two temporal pooling strategies: Trajectory pooling and Line pooling. The pooled local descriptors are then encoded with vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) to form the video representations. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we conduct experiments on UCF101 and HMDB51 data sets. It achieves accuracy of 92.08% on UCF101, which is the state-of-the-art, and the accuracy of 65.62% on HMDB51, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art. In addition, we propose the new Line pooling strategy, which can speed up the extraction of feature and achieve the comparable performance of the Trajectory pooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall design in many air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (AHSVs) uses the integrated airframe/scramjet configuration formed with elongated fuselage and light structure, resulting in intricate aerodynamic–propulsive-elastic couplings. In this paper, a high-fidelity flexible AHSV dynamic modeling procedure is proposed at first, which consists of three main parts: i) panel method based aerodynamic modeling; ii) scramjet modeling; iii) finite-element-method (FEM) based aeroelastic modeling. Unsteady and viscous effects are estimated through linear piston theory and Eckert's reference temperature method, respectively. Additional models for shock interaction, ram-to-scram transition, and finite rate chemistry reaction are also included. To overcome the intractability of physics-based model, the Morris method is applied to identify the main influence factors during surrogate modeling. Then to investigate the flexible mode effect on the stability boundary, the principle of Null-controllability region (NCR) is employed, under control input saturation and bandwidth constraints. The X-43A like air-breathing hypersonic vehicle operating at cruise condition is studied for verification purpose, and the Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic modeling and performance limitation analysis approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inversion design approach is a very useful tool for the complex multiple-input-multiple-output nonlinear systems to implement the decoupling control goal, such as the airplane model and spacecraft model. In this work, the flight control law is proposed using the neural-based inversion design method associated with the nonlinear compensation for a general longitudinal model of the airplane. First, the nonlinear mathematic model is converted to the equivalent linear model based on the feedback linearization theory. Then, the flight control law integrated with this inversion model is developed to stabilize the nonlinear system and relieve the coupling effect. Afterwards, the inversion control combined with the neural network and nonlinear portion is presented to improve the transient performance and attenuate the uncertain effects on both external disturbances and model errors. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypersonic waverider using the morphing configuration can improve the overall performance and broaden the flight range. On the other hand, the hypersonic waverider belongs to the lightweight construction, leading to the presence of the intrinsic elasticity. As a result, the integrated consideration of the active deformation and elastic action is important for the morphing waverider to realize global optimization. In this paper, the contro-integrated design methods are proposed for the morphing waverider to implement the trade-off analysis between the active deformation and intrinsic elasticity. First, the parametric model is built to describe the hypersonic flight characteristics. Then, the elastic dynamics is introduced to quantify the coupling responses associated with the angle of attack and elevon deflection. Furthermore, the integrated design is considered for the active deformation and inherent elastic action, and also the control law is designed to suppress the active and passive morphing disturbances. Finally, the simulation is conducted to test the effectiveness of the presented methods for the morphing waverider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Passive Residual Heat Removal Heat Exchanger (PRHR HX) is an important part of the Passive Residual Heat Removal System (PRHRS). The C-shaped bundle is being used in the PRHR HX. A test facility of C-shaped tube immerged in a water tank was built to research the heat transfer of the PRHR HX. Through the experiments, three regions were found within a particular period of time during the heating process in the tank: natural convection region, transition region, and saturation boiling region. For the tube outside saturation boiling, comparisons of three different correlations in literatures with the experimental data were carried out. Results show that the Rohsenow correlation provides a best-estimate fit with the experimental results. For the tube outside transition region, a formulation is put forward to reduce error based on the Rohsenow subcooled boiling correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Red yeast species in the Rhodotorula Rhodosporidium genus are outstanding producers of triacylglyceride and cell biomass. Metabolic engineering is expected to further enhance the productivity and versatility of these hosts for the production of biobased chemicals and fuels. Promoters with strong activity during oil-accumulation stage are critical tools for metabolic engineering of these oleaginous yeasts. Results: The upstream DNA sequences of 6 genes involved in lipid biosynthesis or accumulation in Rhodotorula toruloides were studied by luciferase reporter assay. The promoter of perilipin lipid droplet protein 1 gene (LDP1) displayed much stronger activity (4 11 folds) than that of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GPD1), one of the strongest promoters known in yeasts. Depending on the stage of cultivation, promoter of acetyl CoA carboxylase gene (ACC1) and fatty acid synthaseβsubunit gene (FAS1) exhibited intermediate strength, displaying 50 160 and 20 90% levels of GPD1 promoter, respectively. Interestingly, introns significantly modulated promoter strength at high frequency. The incorporation of intron 1 and 2 of LDP1 (LDP1in promoter) enhanced its promoter activity by 1.6 3.0 folds. Similarly, the strength of ACC1 promoter was enhanced by 1.5 3.2 folds if containing intron 1. The intron 1 sequences of ACL1 and FAS1 also played significant regulatory roles. When driven by the intronic promoters of ACC1 and LDP1 (ACC1in and LDP1in promoter, respectively), the reporter gene expression were up-regulated by nitrogen starvation, independent of de novo oil biosynthesis and accumulation. As a proof of principle, overexpression of the endogenous acyl CoA dependent diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene (DGA1) by LDP1in promoter was significantly more efficient than GPD1 promoter in enhancing lipid accumulation. Conclusion: Intronic sequences play an important role in regulating gene expression in R. toruloides. Three intronic promoters, LDP1in, ACC1in and FAS1in, are excellent promoters for metabolic engineering in the oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast, R. toruloides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophage activation and persistent inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI), and different phenotypes of macrophages play diverse roles in the pathological process of SCI. After SCI, there is an acute phase of alternatively activated (M2) macrophage infiltration, followed by a long-lasting phase of classically activated (M1) macrophage accumulation in the wound. The long-lasting predominance of M1 macrophages may derail healing and compromise organ functions. Based on the previous findings that the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) up-regulates genes associated with M1 macrophages, we attempted to examine the effect of silencing IRF5 on SCI progression. IRF5 expression was assessed with Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Macrophage phenotypes were measured with flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. M1- or M2-related cytokines were measured with a Luminex assay kit. IRF5 siRNA was delivered into the macrophages infiltrated into the wound of SCI mice through lipidoid nanoparticle. Locomotor functions were measured with Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scoring. Myelination was assessed with luxol fast blue staining. Myelin binding protein, neurofilaments, synaptic markers, and cytokines in the wound area were measured with Western blotting. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses. After SCI, significant elevation of IRF5 was evident on day 1, peaked on day 7, and gradually decreased thereafter. Similar dynamic change in the expression of CD86, a typical M1 marker, was observed. In contrast, there was a transient increase in the expression of CD206, a typical M2 marker, which peaked 6 h after SCI, and returned to baseline within 1 day. Macrophages isolated from the epicenter at day 3 after SCI were predominantly M1 phenotype, and a siRNA-mediated knockdown of IRF5 resulted in a reduced expression of M1 macrophage markers and increased expression of M2 macrophage markers. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of IRF5 siRNA to SCI mouse model resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of M1 macrophages and a significant increase in the number of M2 macrophages in the wound. This was associated with a robust inflammation resolution, attenuation of demyelination and neurofilament loss, and significant improvement of locomotor function ( p < 0.05). IRF5 may serve as a therapeutic target to promote post-SCI recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) is the most important and frequently mutated gene in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In contrast to its long counterpart, the internal translational variant of VHL protein (VHLs) is evolutionarily conserved. Herein we present evidence that VHLs associates with ribosome complex via interaction with the large subunit 6 (RPL6). Manipulation of VHLs expression significantly alters protein synthesis, cell size and mitochondrial mass. VHLs deficiency leads to remarkable sensitivity to drug treatments eliciting nascent protein mis-folding and translational errors. The ubiquitination of nascent peptides are dramatically increased upon the ectopic over-expression of VHLs, which simultaneously co-localizes with proteasome and thus may facilitate the ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation. In summary, VHLs contributes to protein quality control in addition to its canonical function in maintaining homeostasis of hypoxia-induced factors alpha subunit (HIFα) in response to environmental oxygen supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a trade-off design scheme with consideration of the pressure-tap configuration and solving model for a Flush Air Data Sensing System (FADS). First, a mechanism model of FADS is built for the basic structure in order to transform the measured pressures to the required air data. Then, several iteration algorithms are introduced for FADS to obtain the converging results of the solving model. Furthermore, four kinds of the pressure-tap configurations are designed in the relation to the basic structure, and the issues on the iteration convergence and modeling errors are discussed to analyze the compromise relations between the pressure-tap configuration and solving model. Lastly, a simulation example is applied to verify the feasibility of this proposed scheme, and at the same time some suggestions in the real application are provided for FADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient heat transfer performance of passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX) with C-tube bundle directly influences nuclear reactor safety under accident condition. This paper presents an investigation of transient conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena and characteristics of scaled-down single C-tube submerged in water tank under atmospheric pressure at the initial period before saturation pool boiling occurs. Empirical calculation model, experimental setup and numerical model were established separately, and both numerical and experimental studies were carried out. The distributions of tube outlet temperature and water temperatures at horizontal and vertical monitoring points in tank were obtained. Detailed comparisons of the results show good agreements. Also, the change tendencies of heat flux, heat transfer coefficients and heat load were analyzed. The fluctuation of heat flux along normalized length from tube inlet firstly increases but finally tends to keep stable with the change of temperature difference and transformation of heat transfer mechanism. The heat transfer coefficient inside tube shows a slight downtrend along normalized length from tube inlet, but the heat transfer coefficient outside tube shows obvious change in the transient process. The total heat load continuously decreases with time. Furthermore, the volume fraction of vapor is relatively low during the subcooled boiling period. The two-phase flow enhances the agitation in water tank and the fluid velocity near tube outside wall is much larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the geometric modeling methods based on the class and shape function transformation (CST) technique for the hypersonic vehicle. First, the typical waverider configuration is considered to be the basic shape for the hypersonic vehicle, and then the CST method is applied to describe and build the improved geometric shape. On this basis, the aerodynamic forces and thrust are estimated according to the shock wave and Rayleigh flow theory. Furthermore, the model dynamic features using the CST method are analyzed in comparison to the basic shape. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of this method for the hypersonic vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve segmentation, detection and recognition efficiency of the materials image bag, this paper proposed an adaptive enhancement algorithm of materials bag scene based on fuzzy theory. Firstly, it classified the image background and objectives by using the Otsu operator, then determined the crossover point of the objectives and the background image. Secondly, it applied a novel linear membership function to map the image gray value into fuzzy domain, then computed the correlation parameter of the generalized enhancement operator (GFO) and the hyperbolic tangent function by the crossover point. It transformed the enhancement result by using the generalized enhancement operator and the hyperbolic tangent function. Finally, it used the superposition method to map the fuzzy values into the gray domain. The experimental result shows that, the local image details are effectively enhanced while the algorithm uses fewer iterations, under the adaptive conditions of realization of algorithm, the algorithm also has better visual effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A variable-diameter threshing drum is designed to change the threshing gap. • A MBD - DEM coupling simulation is carried out. • It is feasible to adjust drum diameter by monitoring piston rod load force. • It could be useful for realizing adaptive control of rice combine harvester. According to different feeding rates, the threshing gap of rice combine harvester needs to be flexibly adjusted to prevent blockage. The research shows that the threshing performance of adjusting threshing gap by changing the drum diameter is better than that by changing the concave grid position, but there are few researches on the variable-diameter threshing drum. The objective of this paper was to specifically develop a variable-diameter threshing drum and a monitoring method for rice combine harvester to improve the threshing performance. The adjusting part of the variable-diameter threshing drum was consisted of two sets of the side and the middle adjustment mechanism, which were driven by hollow hydraulic cylinder. The three states (becoming larger, smaller and stationary) of drum diameter could be realized by the designed hydraulic actuating system. The mathematical model among the feeding rate, the threshing gap and the piston rod load force of hydraulic cylinder was deduced, and the MBD - DEM coupling simulation was carried out. Finally, a field experiment was carried out. As a result, the angle of guide rail was determined 30°. When the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder moved ±8.66 mm, the threshing gap would be adjusted ±5 mm. The field experiment showed that the feeding rate and the threshing gap had obvious influence on the piston rod load force, which was basically consistent with the results of the mathematical model and the coupling simulation. Therefore, the method of monitoring the piston rod load force is feasible and provides the basis for the research of an adaptive control system for combine harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive aspergillosis, an infection most frequently induced by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus, typically occurs in immunocompromised patients and is usually transmitted through inhalation of Aspergillus spores. As the lungs are by far the most common site involved in invasive aspergillosis and invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent hosts is very rare, there have been a few case reports of extra-pulmonary, disseminated invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent persons. Herein, we report a case of an adult, male, immunocompetent patient with disseminated invasive aspergillosis that successively spread from the right adrenal gland to the left hepatic lobe. The patient was successfully treated through surgical excisions of his adrenal and hepatic masses followed by voriconazole therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of invasive aspergillosis affecting the adrenal glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypersonic waveriders have a large flight envelope, leading to the difficulty in keeping overall flight stability for a fixed geometry. Accordingly, hypersonic waveriders can be considered to design as a morphing vehicle such that the flight range is expanded for waveriding stability. To this end, this paper investigates the collaborative deformation design using control integrated analysis methods for the hypersonic waverider. Firstly, a parametric model is applied to combine the shape deformation with the geometrical properties. Secondly, the morphing process with regard to the change in a single geometric parameter and the static and dynamic characteristics affected by this deformation are analyzed. Afterwards, the collaborative relations are discussed for the changes in the lower forebody angle and elevon area. Furthermore, a flight control law is designed to guarantee flight stability while implementing the collaborative deformation, and the morphing results are evaluated based on the control-oriented idea. Finally, a simulation example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods for the hypersonic waverider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A maleimide coupling naphthalimide was reported as new two-photon fluorescent (TPF) probe for cysteine (Cys). The probe was weakly fluorescent itself due to the donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer (d-PET). After reaction with Cys, d-PET process was blocked and fluorescence enhancement of the probe was observed at 470 nm. The d-PET principle was rationalized by theoretical calculations with density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. Thiol-maleimide addition between the probe and Cys was confirmed by 1 H NMR and mass spectrum measurements. TPF analysis demonstrated a 24.7-fold emission increase of the probe induced by Cys upon excitation at 760 nm. The two-photon action cross-section of probe-Cys adduct at 760 nm reached 42 GM compared to 1.7 GM for free probe. The probe showed high sensitivity and selectivity to Cys over other potential interferences; especially it had the capability to discriminate Cys from glutathione and homocysteine. Through TPF imaging, the probe was successfully applied in the detection of Cys in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turbine system of a two-stage turbocharger composed of high pressure turbine (HT), low pressure turbine (LT), and by-pass valve decides distribution and utilization of exhaust gas energy and influence performance of two-stage turbocharger in whole operational conditions. Besides, characteristics of turbine is expressed by envelop line of characteristic lines in different speeds. So turbine can be conveniently selected compared with compressor with similarity theory. Therefore, two-stage turbocharger matching begins from turbine system matching in the paper. In two-stage turbocharger, cooler efficiency, cooler loss, and by-pass valve open besides turbochargers will influence turbocharging system performance and design of cooler and by-pass valve are important contents of turbocharging system matching. The paper matched intercooler, by-pass valve open, compressors, and turbines jointly. Calculation model for turbocharger matching was built, and turbine performance is get from reference turbine based on similarity theory; influence of compressor ratio distribution, cooler efficiency, and pressure drop in cooler imposing on compressor work was analyzed; and influence of turbine flow capacity and by-pass valve imposing on output working in expanding process was studied; the method for matching of two-stage turbocharging system in whole operational condition is studied. Matching analysis was made aiming at two-stage turbocharging system of a type of high power density diesel engine, and design for turbocharging system was finished. Matching result using the method is compared to matching result using traditional method. Analysis result proves that using the method matching points in different operational conditions are located in more reasonable zone of compressor MAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present the flight control law based on the fuzzy logic control methods for Mars airplane, and the research emphasis is placed on the attitude hold and the command track using the fuzzy control. Design/methodology/approach - The aircraft model is established with the combination of atmospheric environment, aerodynamic force and propulsive action. Then, the dynamic characteristics are analyzed in response to the different flight points for Mars airplane. Afterwards, the flight control law is designed by applying the fuzzy logic theory to realize the attitude hold and the command track for Mars airplane. Findings - The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control law based on the fuzzy logic control methods is effective to guarantee system stability and relieve coupling dynamics. Also, this control system can provide strong robustness and good tracking performance for Mars airplane. Practical implications - The current work offers a new approach for the control law design of Mars airplane. The presented fuzzy control system can be applied to the other unconventional airplanes which will fly under unknown and uncertain environment in order to implement the complicated tasks such as deep space exploration. Originality/value - This paper provides the new methods for Mars airplane to design the fuzzy control system which consists of three implementation steps: the fuzzy quantization control step, the fuzzy decoupling control step and the fuzzy attitude control step. Through the progressive design, this presented control system of Mars airplane has strongly nonlinear and robust control ability due to the application of the fuzzy expert concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi Lév. et Vaniot) is an important traditional Chinese medicine plant that is ubiquitously disturbed in Asia. However, the molecular mechanisms that reflect the natural evolution of Artemisia argyi remain unclear. In this study, a high-quality draft assembly of the allotetraploid A. argyi (ArteW1-Tongbai) was conducted utilizing PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The assembly is about 7.20 Gb with a contig N50 length of 0.87 Mb. The allotetraploid genome of ArteW1-Tongbai is highly heterozygous and rich in repeat sequences (the heterozygous ratio is 1.36%, and the repeat rate is 86.26%). A total of 139,245 protein-coding genes were identified. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that 846 species-specific genes were related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The plants with allopolyploid genomes can potentially exhibit a better adaptive capacity to environmental stresses and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Therefore, the genome assembly serves as a valuable reference for Artemisia, the genus characterized by species richness and diverse specialized metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design problems using multidisciplinary parameterization methods for a hypersonic morphing vehicle are investigated in this paper. First, the non-linear model of the hypersonic morphing vehicle in line with the parameterized process is established by combining with the different disciplines. Then, the waverider performances determined by the static and dynamic properties are discussed by application of the multidisciplinary design ideas. Afterwards, the optimal results considering the anticipated performance criteria are acquired by multidisciplinary optimization. Furthermore, the switching control system is designed for hypersonic morphing vehicle to implement the smooth morphing process and to guarantee the overall stability. Finally, the proposed methods are verified by a numerical example, and the resulting simulation shows that waveriding performance can be enhanced as the hypersonic vehicle is designed as a morphing shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of an airplane to explore Mars may become an important research aera due to some distinctive advantages such as the large detection range and good maneuvering characteristics. Also, the resulting works have the strong forward-looking and driving actions which are helpful for mankind to realize the intergrated design dreams concerning aerospace technologies. This paper discusses the complex modeling and sliding control law design issues for Mars airplane. First, the particular features with regard to atmospheric environment on Mars are considered to explain the Martian flight principles as well as to provide the faced new challeges in comparison to the conventional airpalne on Earth. Afterwards, the mathematical model of Mars airplane is established using the isolation methods, and based on this built model the dynamic characteratics are analyzed under the Martian atmospheric environment in order to indicate the importance of the control actions. Furthermore, the sliding control law is proposed to meet the anticipated demands including robust stability and adaptive track response. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control methods, and the according works will also provide the good theoretical reserve and technical support to independently develop Mars airplane in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A new fluorescent nanoparticle was developed by chemical crosslinking of PAA. [•] A dual hydroxyls naphthalimide compound acted as fluorescent crosslinker. [•] The structure, morphology, cytotoxicity and spectral properties were investigated. [•] Nanoparticle–BSA interaction was studied by fluorescence, absorbance and CD methods. [•] The results were useful for further biomedical applications of the nanoparticle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Waverider hypersonic vehicles have the characteristics of strong coupling between subsystems and the wide range flight envelope. Therefore, the control analysis and synthesis should be integrated into the early stage of vehicle design, the parameters in control system should be optimized as well as the parameters in aerodynamic, propulsion and structure systems in the vehicle design, and the software tool to facilitate the design process should be developed. Firstly, a series of parameters are used to describe the geometric, and a parameterized model of hypersonic vehicles is established. Then, the objective function is determined according to mission requirements, and then optimal parameter set will be obtained by searching variables in design space to satisfy the constraints. Then, the control relaxed specifications, such as controlability, stability, robustness and time-domain performances etc., are set as the optimization indexes, and the proposal on how to adjust parameters is feedbacked to optimization loop. A optimal vehicle configurations is obtained. Finally, the software, which is used to assist vehicle design, is able to carry out vehicle modeling, analyze static and dynamic characteristics, and provide various controller design templates automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-world continuous double auction (CDA) market is a dynamic environment. However, most of the existing agent bidding strategies are simply designed for static markets. A new detecting method for bidding strategy is necessary for more practical simulations and applications. In this paper, we present a novel agent-based computing approach called the GDX Plus (GDXP) model. In the proposed model, trades are decided according to the market events in history combined with the forecast of market trends. The GDXP model employs a dynamic adjustment mechanism to make the bidding strategy adapt to the shocks in a dynamic environment. The experimental results of the comparison between GDXP and other typical models, with respect to both static and dynamic CDA markets, demonstrate the performance of the GDXP model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]