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In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, virtual observations were introduced to assess studentteachers, in a Scottish Initial Teacher Education (ITE) department. This research criticallyreflects on the usage of these virtual observations as they were deployed on a large scale tomeant the emergency requirements of teacher education during a pandemic. Using GroundedTheory as a qualitative frame (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016), this research employs Clarke’s (2005)situational analysis to provide insights into how effective virtual observations are in theassessment of teaching practicum. The research methods involved the collation of individual,written, critical reflections from 17 Practicum Tutors who used video to assess studentteacher competency. These pieces of reflective writing were then thematically analysed andthe resulting coding used to identify commonalities and trends. The importance of theskilled observer, the value of visual information, and the use of supplementary informationwere significant themes that emerged through the analysis. Overall, the effectiveness ofvirtual observations is confirmed, but caveats on its use remain. These caveats sit alongsidequestions of how virtual observation might be used in the future. Exploring the use of virtualobservations as an assessment tool, at scale, gives this paper a unique situation, and itsanalysis adds to the knowledge base for virtual observations and how they can be used withinteacher education.

The OneTouch Verio Reflect blood glucose monitor (BGM) has market clearance in several countries based in part on fulfilling the lay user and system accuracy criteria described in ISO15197:2015. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not recognize the accuracy criteria in ISO15197 as a basis for gaining regulatory clearance for these devices. The current study evaluates the BGM using the accuracy guidelines issued by the agency for self-monitoring blood glucose test systems for over-the-counter use. Glucose results were accurate vs comparator over a wide glucose range and met lay user and glucose accuracy criteria at extreme glucose values as described in the FDA guidance. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03851549

Background: Accurate self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a key component of effective self-management of glycemic control. Methods: The OneTouch Verio Reflect and OneTouch Ultra Plus Reflect BG monitoring systems were evaluated for accuracy in a clinical setting. Subjects also used the meters for a one-week trial period and reported their level of satisfaction with meter features. Results: Both systems were accurate over a wide glucose range and met lay user and system accuracy BG standards described in ISO15197:2015. Subjects felt that the features of a meter with a dynamic color range indicator and personalized guidance, insight, and encouragement could provide significant benefits to them in the management of their diabetes. Conclusions: Both meter systems were accurate over a wide glucose range and the features of the meter and messages were well received by patients in a short take-home trial. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT0351542

There is a steady increase in the implementation of dual phase steels in stamped automotive components. Therefore, steel suppliers who develop dual phase steels are interested in predicting the microstructure-properties relationship for optimization of microstructural design. This goal is achievable by micromechanical modeling. The representative volume element (RVE) method has been a popular technique for micromechanical modeling of dual phase steels. It is generally considered that 2D modeling underestimates the flow curves and that 3D modeling predicts the experimental stress-strain curves more accurately. However, much of the research has focused on 2D modeling. This paper develops 3D micromechanical modeling of DP500 and bainite-aided DP600 steels by including statistical quantitative metallography data in the models. More than 3000 grains were analyzed in each steel. Hence, both volume fraction and morphology of martensite were statistically determined. This model predicted the ultimate tensile strength of these two dual phase steels with less than 0.5% error.

Accurate self-monitoring of blood glucose is a key component of effective self-management of glycemic control. The OneTouch VerioFlex(™) (OTVF) blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) was evaluated for accuracy in a clinical setting. Patients also used OTVF for a 1-wk trial period and reported their level of satisfaction with meter features. In a separate study, healthcare professionals used an on-line simulator of the BGMS and answered questions about its potential utility to their patients. OTVF was accurate over a wide glucose range and met lay user and system accuracy blood glucose standards described in ISO15197:2013 as well as the accuracy requirements to fulfill US FDA expectations for 510(k) clearance of BGMS. Patients and healthcare professionals felt the features of OTVF, which has the capability to connect wirelessly to mobile devices and interact wirelessly with diabetes management software, could provide significant benefits to them or their patients.

This article outlines the theory of complex trauma. It considers how best to disseminate psychological theory in a residential setting for looked after children with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties education, and a fostering service attached.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose is crucial for maintaining overall blood glucose (BG) levels. Health care professionals (HCPs) must rapidly assess patient BG data and recommend treatment changes, as appropriate, during short office visits. A meter offering automatic BG pattern recognition and in-the-moment messaging may change how HCPs and patients with diabetes work together to achieve glycemic control.Methods: Two separate studies evaluated the potential benefits of the OneTouch Verio® BG monitoring system. In one study, 64 HCPs were evaluated on their ability to rapidly recognise BG patterns in simulated logbooks compared to using the meter, before completing a survey on potential benefits of the meter to themselves and their patients. In the other study, patients with diabetes used the meter at home for 1 week before also completing a survey.Results: Patients indicated that the meter was simple to use and understand. For HCPs, using the meter to identify BG patterns was significan...

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a potent monoamine-releaser that is widely used as a recreational drug. Preliminary work has supported the potential of MDMA in psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying its putative efficacy are, however, poorly understood. Psychotherapy for PTSD usually requires that patients revisit traumatic memories, and it has been argued that this is easier to do under MDMA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effect of MDMA on recollection of favourite and worst autobiographical memories (AMs). Nineteen participants (five females) with previous experience with MDMA performed a blocked AM recollection (AMR) paradigm after ingestion of 100 mg of MDMA-HCl or ascorbic acid (placebo) in a double-blind, repeated-measures design. Memory cues describing participants' AMs were read by them in the scanner. Favourite memories were rated as significantly more vivid, emotionally intense and positive after MDMA than placebo and worst memories were rated as less negative. Functional MRI data from 17 participants showed robust activations to AMs in regions known to be involved in AMR. There was also a significant effect of memory valence: hippocampal regions showed preferential activations to favourite memories and executive regions to worst memories. MDMA augmented activations to favourite memories in the bilateral fusiform gyrus and somatosensory cortex and attenuated activations to worst memories in the left anterior temporal cortex. These findings are consistent with a positive emotional-bias likely mediated by MDMA's pro-monoaminergic pharmacology.

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that develops after military personnel have been discharged may lead to severe impairment. We investigated whether personnel who develop PTSD after discharge can be identified by independent evidence of internalizing signs such as depression or of externalizing signs such as disciplinary offences while still serving.MethodVeterans in receipt of a war pension who only developed PTSD post-discharge were compared with matched veterans who developed PTSD in service or never suffered from PTSD. Contemporaneous medical and personnel records were searched for objective evidence of internalizing and externalizing disorder.ResultsService personnel who developed PTSD post-discharge were indistinguishable from controls with no PTSD on their psychiatric presentation in service. Those with post-discharge PTSD had significantly more disciplinary offences, specifically absence without leave, disobedience, and dishonesty, than the no-PTSD group, and this excess of offences was present before any exposure to trauma.ConclusionsThis is the first study to find objective evidence independent of self-report for the claimed link between externalizing disorder and vulnerability to PTSD. Early signs of externalizing disorders may play an important role in helping to identify service personnel at risk of PTSD after military discharge.

Summary. Let !(G) and (G) be the clique number and the chromatic number of a graph G. Mycielski [11] presented a construction that for any n creates a graph Mn which is triangle-free (!(G) = 2) with (G) > n. The starting point is the complete graph of two vertices (K2). M(n+1) is obtained from Mn through the operation µ(G) called the Mycielskian of a graph G. We first define the operation µ(G) and then show that !(µ(G)) = !(G) and (µ(G)) = (G) + 1. This is done for arbitrary graph G, see also [10]. Then we define the sequence of graphs Mn each of exponential size in n and give their clique and chromatic numbers.

Differences in symptoms, trauma exposure, dissociative and emotional reactions to trauma, and subsequent life stress in war veterans reporting immediate-onset or delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or no PTSD were investigated. The role of life stress in delayed-onset PTSD was also studied. Retrospective interviews were conducted with 142 United Kingdom veterans receiving a war pension for PTSD or physical disability. Immediate-onset and delayed-onset PTSD were similar in the number and type of symptoms reported at onset, but the delayed-onset group differed in showing a gradual accumulation of symptoms that began earlier and continued throughout their military career. They were more likely to report major depressive disorder and alcohol abuse prior to PTSD onset. Both groups described similar amounts of trauma exposure, but those in the delayed-onset group reported significantly less peritraumatic dissociation, anger, and shame. Veterans with delayed onsets were more likely than veterans with no PTSD to report the presence of a severe life stressor in the year before onset. In conclusion, the results suggest that delayed onsets involve a more general stress sensitivity and a progressive failure to adapt to continued stress exposure.