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Objective: To verify the association between CD44 and CD133 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with lower grade gliomas (LGGs) and constructing radiomic models to predict those two genes’ expression levels before surgery. Materials & methods: Genomic data of patients with LGG and the corresponding T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Cancer Imaging Archive, which were utilized for prognosis analysis, radiomic feature extraction and model construction, respectively. Results & conclusion: CD44 and CD133 expression levels in LGG can significantly affect the prognosis of patients with LGG. Based on the T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, the radiomic features can effectively predict the expression levels of CD44 and CD133 before surgery.

Determination of 1p/19q co-deletion status is important for the classification, prognostication, and personalized therapy in diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LGG). We developed and validated a deep learning imaging signature (DLIS) from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the 1p/19q status in patients with LGG. The DLIS was constructed on a training dataset (n = 330) and validated on both an internal validation dataset (n = 123) and a public TCIA dataset (n = 102). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and precision recall curves (PRC) were used to measure the classification performance. The area under ROC curves (AUC) of the DLIS was 0.999 for training dataset, 0.986 for validation dataset, and 0.983 for testing dataset. The F1-score of the prediction model was 0.992 for training dataset, 0.940 for validation dataset, and 0.925 for testing dataset. Our data suggests that DLIS could be used to predict the 1p/19q status from preoperative imaging in patients with LGG. The imaging-based deep learning has the potential to be a noninvasive tool predictive of molecular markers in adult diffuse gliomas. The authors developed a deep learning model predictive of 1p/19q status from preoperative imaging in 555 lower-grade gliomas (LGG), and achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.983 in the testing dataset. They reveal that developing deep learning imaging signatures could be a noninvasive tool for predicting molecular markers in LGG.

Background Historically, creating patient-derived models of lower-grade glioma (LGG) has been challenging, contributing to few experimental platforms that support laboratory-based investigations of this disease. Although organoid modeling approaches have recently been employed to create in vitro models of high-grade glioma (HGG), it is unknown whether this approach can be successfully applied to LGG. Methods In this study, we developed an optimized protocol for the establishment of organoids from LGG primary tissue samples by utilizing physiologic (5%) oxygenation conditions and employed it to produce the first known suite of these models. To assess their fidelity, we surveyed key biological features of patient-derived organoids using metabolic, genomic, histologic, and lineage marker gene expression assays. Results Organoid models were created with a success rate of 91% (n = 20/22) from primary tumor samples across glioma histological subtypes and tumor grades (WHO Grades 1–4), and a success rate of 87% (13/15) for WHO Grade 1–3 tumors. Patient-derived organoids recapitulated stemness, proliferative, and tumor-stromal composition profiles of their respective parental tumor specimens. Cytoarchitectural, mutational, and metabolic traits of parental tumors were also conserved. Importantly, LGG organoids were maintained in vitro for weeks to months and reanimated after biobanking without loss of integrity. Conclusions We report an efficient method for producing faithful in vitro models of LGG. New experimental platforms generated through this approach are well positioned to support preclinical studies of this disease, particularly those related to tumor immunology, tumor-stroma interactions, identification of novel drug targets, and personalized assessments of treatment response profiles.

A Covid19-vírus pillanatok alatt alakította át életünket és változtatta meg az iskolák és családok hétköznapjait. A pedagógusoknak egyik napról a másikra kellett átállniuk a digitális oktatásra, ezzel egy időben sok olyan fórum indult el, ahol a résztvevők módszertani segítséget nyújtottak egymásnak, és összegyűjtötték a rendelkezésre álló eszközöket. Egymást tanítva, a tudásmegosztás és egy új kapcsolattartási forma segítségével hazánkban is elindult az online oktatás. Ez az időszak a szülőket is kihívás elé állította, mert új kompetenciákat kellett elsajátítaniuk annak érdekében, hogy segíteni tudják gyermekeiket az online tanulási térben. A jelenlegi, nem reprezentatív feltáró kutatás célja annak vizsgálata volt, hogy miként alkalmazkodtak az alsó tagozatos gyerekek szülei (N=113) ahhoz, hogy váratlanul új szerepbe kerültek, sok esetben tanítókká váltak munkájuk mellett, otthoni környezetükben. A vizsgálat fókuszában a digitális iskola első periódusa áll, mégpedig a szülők szemszögéből. A kutatás keretében vizsgáltuk, milyen eszközöket, felületeket alkalmaztak a pedagógusok az online tanulás során. Bemutatásra kerülnek a pedagógus-szülő-gyermek kapcsolattartási formák, valamint a tanulásirányítás, tanulástámogatás módjai. A kutatás segítségével a szülők szemszögéből nyerhettünk betekintést a digitális iskola első pár hónapjába. Összességében elmondható, hogy a szülők megítélése szerint a gyerekek sikeresen teljesítették a számukra kitűzött feladatokat.

Objective: Lower grade gliomas (LGGs), classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and grade III gliomas, comprise a heterogeneous group with a median survival time ranging from 4–13 years. Accurate prediction of the survival times of LGGs remains a major challenge in clinical practice. Methods: We reviewed the expression data of 865 LGG patients from 5 transcriptomics cohorts. The comparative profile of immune genes was analyzed for signature identification and validation. In-house RNAseq and microarray data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset were used as training and internal validation cohorts, respectively. The samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE16011 cohorts were used as external validation cohorts, and the real-time PCR of frozen LGG tissue samples (n = 36) were used for clinical validation. Results: A total of 2,214 immune genes were subjected to pairwise comparison to generate 2,449,791 immune-related gene pairs (IGPs). A total of 402 IGPs were identified with prognostic values for LGGs. The HOXA9-related and CRH-related scores facilitated identification of patients with different prognoses. An immune signature based on 10 IGPs was constructed to stratify patients into low and high risk groups, exhibiting different clinical outcomes. A nomogram, combining immune signature, 1p/19q status, and tumor grade, was able to predict the overall survival (OS) with c-indices of 0.85, 0.80, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.75 in the training, internal validation, external validation, and tissue sample cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: This study was the first to report a comparative profiling of immune genes in large LGG cohorts. A promising individualized immune signature was developed to estimate the survival time for LGG patients.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely recognized mental health problem in developed countries but remains under-investigated in developing settings. This study examines the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of ADHD symptoms among elementary school students in rural China.Cross-sectional data were collected from 6,719 students across 120 rural primary schools in China on ADHD symptoms, demographic characteristics, and academic performance in reading and math. ADHD symptoms were evaluated using the caregiver-reported ADHD Rating Scale-IV.The prevalence of ADHD symptoms was 7.5% in our sample. Male students, students in lower grade levels, and students with lower cognitive ability showed a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD symptoms (ORs = 2.56, 2.06, and 1.84, respectively; p0.05). Left-behind children showed a significantly lower prevalence of ADHD symptoms than did children who were living with their parents (OR = 0.74, p0.05). Adjusted regressions show that students with ADHD symptoms scored 0.12 standardized deviations lower in reading (p0.05) and 0.19 standardized deviations lower in math (p0.01).The ADHD Rating Scale-IV is a screening scale rather than a diagnostic test. Caregiver self-report measures also may underestimate ADHD symptoms for our sample.ADHD is a common disorder among rural students in China and appears to be contributing to poor academic outcomes. The higher prevalence of ADHD among students with low cognitive ability also suggests that many rural children in China face multifactorial learning challenges. Taken together, the findings indicate a need for educators and policymakers in rural China to develop programs to reduce risk and support students with ADHD symptoms.

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of the study is to find out the “use of student-centred approach of teaching science on the performance of students performance at elementary level”. Methodology: Quasi-experimental research was used in this study. Pre-test and post-test were used to collect the data and analyses were done through SPSS. Three classes; grades 6th, 7th, and 8th were chosen as a sample of the study. Main Findings: Findings of the research study revealed that the students belonging to lower grade levels responded more positively to the student-centred methods as compared to the students belonging to higher grade levels. Applications of this study: This study is applicable in the elementary level of education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Policymakers and government officials can take guidance to improve the situations of elementary schools. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study was originated to determine the effectiveness of a Student-centered learning slant, especially for teaching science at the elementary level. It was also attempted to know whether or not the effectiveness of the Student-centered approach alters at different grade levels of students.

This qualitative-phenomenological study was initiated to explore and understand the lived experiences and different perceptions of parents on no-homework policy in Nangan Elementary School, Nangan, Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental. Subsequently, this qualitative exploration hoped to draw out conclusions on the perceptions of the parents. The data source in this study derived from seven (7) research participants for the in-depth interview and another seven (7) parents for the focus group discussion. The research participants of this study were the selected Grade Five to Grade Six parents in Nangan Elementary School who were usually having many assignments compared to lower grade levels. The following themes emerged from analysis based in the perspectives of participant interviews: no-homework policy can be optional; no-homework policy is unfavorable and unhelpful to students; no-homework policy causes students to become irresponsible; and no-homework policy causes less learning among students. Concerning the experiences of parents in dealing with the assignments of their children, five major themes were manifested such as: having difficulties in answering homework; being able to help children; having fun while doing the assignment; being unable to finish work or chores; and bonding opportunity. Moreover, the participants about their challenges in dealing with the assignments of their children, four major themes emerged: understanding how to answer the lesson; having balance and time management; giving encouragement; and having follow-ups and rules. Lastly, their suggestions as regards the no-homework policy revealed four emergent themes: parents should always be responsible and helpful to their children; parents should have time management and balance; teachers should give appropriate, simple and uncostly homework; and teachers should give homework to students for continued learning. Este estudio cualitativo-fenomenológico se inició para explorar y comprender las experiencias vividas y las diferentes percepciones de los padres sobre la política de no hacer deberes en la Escuela Primaria Nangan, Nangan, Gobernador Generoso, Davao Oriental. Posteriormente, esta exploración cualitativa pretendía sacar conclusiones sobre las percepciones de los padres. La fuente de datos en este estudio derivó de siete (7) participantes de la investigación para la entrevista en profundidad y otros siete (7) padres para la discusión del grupo focal. Los participantes de la investigación de este estudio fueron los padres seleccionados de quinto a sexto grado en la Escuela Primaria Nangan que generalmente tenían muchas asignaciones en comparación con los niveles de grado inferiores. Los siguientes temas surgieron del análisis basado en las perspectivas de las entrevistas a los participantes: la política de no hacer deberes puede ser opcional; la política de no hacer tareas es desfavorable e inútil para los estudiantes; la política de no hacer tareas hace que los estudiantes se vuelvan irresponsables; y la política de no hacer deberes provoca menos aprendizaje entre los estudiantes. En cuanto a las experiencias de los padres al lidiar con las asignaciones de sus hijos, se manifestaron cinco temas principales como son: tener dificultades para contestar los deberes; poder ayudar a los niños; divertirse mientras realiza la tarea; no poder terminar el trabajo o las tareas del hogar; y oportunidad de vinculación. Además, los participantes sobre sus desafíos al lidiar con las asignaciones de sus hijos, surgieron cuatro temas principales: comprender cómo responder la lección; tener equilibrio y manejo del tiempo; dar aliento; y tener seguimientos y reglas. Por último, sus sugerencias sobre la política de no hacer deberes revelaron cuatro temas emergentes: los padres deben ser siempre responsables y serviciales con sus hijos; los padres deben tener un manejo del tiempo y un equilibrio; los maestros deben dar deberes apropiados, sencillos y económicos; y los maestros deben dar tarea a los estudiantes para que continúen aprendiendo. Este estudo qualitativo fenomenológico foi iniciado para explorar e compreender as experiências vividas e diferentes percepções dos pais sobre a política de não-dever de casa na Escola Primária de Nangan, Nangan, Governador Generoso, Davao Oriental. Posteriormente, esta exploração qualitativa esperava tirar conclusões sobre as percepções dos pais. A fonte de dados neste estudo derivou de sete (7) participantes da pesquisa para a entrevista em profundidade e outros sete (7) pais para a discussão do grupo focal. Os participantes da pesquisa deste estudo foram os pais selecionados da quinta à sexta série da Escola Primária Nangan, que geralmente tinham muitas atribuições em comparação com as séries mais baixas. Os seguintes temas emergiram da análise com base nas perspectivas das entrevistas dos participantes: a política de não dever de casa pode ser opcional; a política de não dever de casa é desfavorável e prejudicial aos alunos; a política de não dever de casa faz com que os alunos se tornem irresponsáveis; e a política de não dever de casa causa menos aprendizagem entre os alunos. No que se refere às experiências dos pais no trato com as atribuições dos filhos, cinco grandes temas se manifestaram, tais como: dificuldade em responder aos deveres de casa; ser capaz de ajudar crianças; se divertindo ao fazer a tarefa; ser incapaz de terminar o trabalho ou tarefas domésticas; e oportunidade de vínculo. Além disso, aos participantes sobre seus desafios em lidar com as atribuições de seus filhos, emergiram quatro grandes temas: entender como responder à lição; ter equilíbrio e gerenciamento de tempo; dando encorajamento; e ter acompanhamentos e regras. Por fim, suas sugestões quanto à política de não-dever de casa revelaram quatro temas emergentes: os pais devem ser sempre responsáveis ​​e prestativos com seus filhos; os pais devem ter controle do tempo e equilíbrio; os professores devem dar trabalhos de casa apropriados, simples e baratos; e os professores devem dar lição de casa aos alunos para que aprendam continuamente.

Long and medium cotton wastes, either individually or blended with lower grades of cotton were blended to produce open-end yarns. The effect of blending ratios of the waste on the properties of produced yarn have been exaimend. Different blowing rooms, single and tandem card, one and two drawing passages were used to process the silvers for open-end yarns. In addition BD 200 Rc and platt sacelowell open-end spinning machines were used. It was found that the waste of long staple Egyptian cotton, containing considerable amount of good fibres is suitable for open-end processing. Blended wastes of long fibres with lower grade raw cotton slightly decrease the quality of open end yarn. Tandem card is more suitable for sliver preparation of open-end yarns produced from waste.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of standard MR imaging features and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values as specific markers for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated lower grade gliomas (LGGs). Standard MR imaging features including location, T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, signal heterogeneity, margin, growth pattern, degree of enhancement and peritumoral edema, and ADC parameters of 74 LGGs were retrospectively assessed. The values of these imaging features in predicting IDH genotypes were further analyzed. Inter-rater agreement of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign reached the highest κ value. The specificity of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign to predict IDH-mutated LGGs was 100%. IDH-mutated LGGs also tended to manifest single-lobe invasion, distinct margin, less degree of contrast enhancement and peritumoral edema, and higher normalized minimum and mean ADC than IDH-wildtype LGGs (all P

We explored the association between primary school children’s ego resilience, failure tolerance, and adaptability in a Chinese school setting. The participants were 231 primary school children (fem...

Background Laser-assisted hatching (LAH) has been widely applied to facilitate blastocyst hatching in IVF-ET treatment, however, the effect of LAH on subsequent development and clinical outcomes of the lower grade cleavage stage embryos (LGCE) remains unknown. Our study aimed at evaluating the effect of LAH on blastocyst formation and the clinical pregnancy outcomes of LGCE embryos after transfer. Methods A total of 608 cycles of IVF/ICSI treatment from November 2017 to September 2019 were included in our study as follows: 296 in the LAH group and 312 in the N-LAH group. The total blastocyst rate, usable blastocyst rate, good-grade blastocyst rate and clinical pregnancy rate were statistically compared between the two groups. Results The total blastocyst rate (50.7% vs 40.2%, P P P = 0.002), usable blastocyst rate (B = 0.478, OR 95% CI = 1.331–1.955, P P > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions A higher proportion of total blastocysts and usable blastocysts can be obtained by LAH in LGCE, which may be beneficial to the outcome of the IVF/ICSI-ET cycle.

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) es un biomaterial con alta concentración de plaquetas y factores de crecimiento que favorecen la regeneración de tejidos tras su aplicación en intervenciones quirúrgicas como la exodoncia del tercer molar. Material y métodos: El estudio se realizó con 20 pacientes con necesidad de exodoncia del tercer molar inferior bilateral. Las exodoncias se realizaron en un mismo tiempo quirúrgico y en uno de ellos, escogido aleatoriamente, se aplicó el gel de PRP y el otro tomado como grupo control. La evaluación posoperatoria se llevó acabo posterior a los tres meses; los parámetros evaluados fueron: dolor posoperatorio, curación de herida y densidad ósea mediante tomografía computarizada Cone Beam. Resultados: El dolor posoperatorio durante el tercer día, primera y segunda semana presentó menor grado en los sitios de aplicación de PRP que el grupo control (p

A questionnaire regarding splenic embolization in trauma was submitted to an international sample of IR faculty members, to compare their practice to the available recommendations. A 21 multiple-choice questionnaire was sent to an international cohort of 96 IR faculty. Questions included the initial patient evaluation, embolization materials and techniques, post-procedure management, availability of an institutional protocol, and use of guidelines. For each question, there were from a minimum of 45 to a maximum of 52 responders: 94% require a CT with contrast prior to embolization, and 87% use the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) scale to grade the splenic injuries. Embolization is performed across all values of the AAST scale. Of the patients with injuries of grade III or greater, embolization is primarily done for those patients who are hemodynamically stable. Unstable patients are embolized less frequently and primarily in cases in which the injuries are of a lower grade. Coils are the preferred material for proximal embolization (69%). Particles/Gelfoam is the preferred material for distal embolization (38%). In total, 63% administer intravenous antibiotics before the procedure and 15% administer intra-arterial antibiotics during the procedure. After embolization, follow-up imaging is recommended by 87%, antibiotics are administered regularly by 33%, clinical follow-up is recommended by 73%, and vaccination against encapsulated organisms is routinely recommended by 39%. There is significant variability among a heterogeneous cohort of respondents. Available recommendations may not be sufficiently addressing the practice of splenic embolization.

Eyes absent 4 (EYA4) participates in an important role in various cancers. Patients with low EYA4 expression have significantly favorable prognosis compared with those with high EYA4 expression. However, the expression and role of EYA4 in lower grade glioma (LGG) has not been fully elucidated.The R2 and UCSC Xena browser based on data from 284 cases in GSE16011 from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and 530 cases of patients with LGG in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were extracted for bioinformatic analyses. The EYA4 expression in different subtypes of LGG was detected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to explore the association between EYA4 expression and overall survival (OS) in both datasets.Patients with LGG with lower EYA4 expression had significantly longer 5- and 10-year OS in 2 datasets (P0.001). By matching histological subtypes and gene expression profiles of patients with LGG, oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma groups had lower EYA4 expression and longer OS compared with the astrocytoma group (P0.05). Patients with IDH1 mutations and 1p19q co-deletion had longer 5- and 10-year OS (P0.001), and EYA4 expression was significantly downregulated in these patients (P0.001).This study suggests that EYA4 can be used as a prognostic marker and provide a potential therapeutic target in patients with LGG with IDH1 mutation and 1p19q co-deletion.

RESUMEN En este documento se muestran las relaciones de precedencia condicionadas identificadas en la jurisprudencia constitucional cuando se presentan colisiones entre los derechos fundamentales libertad de expresión, honra y buen nombre por posibles afectaciones derivadas del ejercicio periodístico. Al analizar estos casos concretos, resulta evidente que para el juzgador, plantear una solución lo menos lesiva posible representa un reto, porque se sitúa en un escenario en donde colisionan derechos jerárquicamente equiparables. Por tal razón, quien juzga debe acudir a la ponderación para determinar cuál principio precederá al otro. Así mismo, se tiene que a pesar del surgimiento reiterado de colisiones entre los derechos que son objeto de estudio, no se puede brindar una solución igualitaria para todas, puesto que los efectos de la ponderación son aplicables a casos concretos. No obstante, a partir de un seguimiento lineal de la jurisprudencia constitucional se ha podido concluir que el mayor o menor grado de veracidad e imparcialidad de la información es un factor determinante para que la balanza se incline hacia un lado u otro. ABSTRACT This document shows the conditioned precedence relations identified in the constitutional jurisprudence in cases of collisions between the fundamental rights of freedom of speech, honor, and good name derived from the journalistic practice. After analyzing these concrete cases, it is evident that proposing a lesser harmful solution is a challenge for the judging part because there is a scenario in which hierarchically comparable rights collide. For that reason, the judging part must weigh which principle will precede the other one. Likewise, despite the reiterated collision among the rights studied here, there cannot be an egalitarian solution for all of them, given that the effects of the weighing apply to concrete cases. Nonetheless, based on a linear follow-up of the constitutional jurisprudence, the study concludes that a higher or lower grade of veracity and impartiality of the information is a determining factor for inclining the balance towards one place or the other.

A variety of previous research findings have shown that educational games can improve students’ knowledge, proving that the joyful learning experience improves the learning process. However, it is not easy to make educative or learning activities interesting enough to stimulate the acquisition of career knowledge in lower grade elementary school students. This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of quartet card game in increasing career knowledge in lower grade elementary school students (grades 1, 2, and 3). A quantitative approach and an experimental method were employed. The data were collected with career knowledge pretest and posttest with 254 lower grade elementary school students and were analyzed with a statistical t-test of the gain scores and variance analysis of the posttest gain scores from the three different methods. The results showed that of the three quartet card game methods examined, only two were significantly found effective (p

Background While maximizing extent of resection (EOR) is associated with longer survival in lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients, the number of cases remains insufficient in determining a EOR threshold to elucidate the clinical benefits, especially in IDH-wild-type LGG patients. Objective To identify the effects of EOR on the survival outcomes of IDH-wild-type LGG patients. Methods IDH-wild-type LGG patients were retrospectively reviewed. The effect of EOR and other predictor variables on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Cox regression models and the Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 94 patients (median OS: 48.9 mo; median follow-up: 30.6 mo) were included in this study. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, postoperative residual volume was associated with prolonged OS (HR = 2.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.130-4.435; P = .021) and PFS (HR = 2.075; 95% CI, 1.113-3.869; P = .022). Thresholds at a minimum EOR of 97.0% or a maximum residue of 3.0 cm3 were necessary to impact OS positively. For the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)p-wild-type group, such an association was absent. Significant differences in survival existed between the TERTp-wild-type and mutant patients who underwent relatively incomplete resections (residual ≥2.0 cm3 + TERTp wild type: median OS of 62.6 mo [95% CI: 39.7-85.5 mo]; residual ≥2.0 cm3 + TERTp mutant: median OS of 20.0 mo [95% CI:14.6-25.4 mo]). Conclusion Our results support the core role of maximal safe resection in the treatment of IDH-wild-type LGGs, especially for IDH-wild-type + TERTp-mutant LGGs. Importantly, the survival benefits of surgery could only be elucidated at a high EOR cut-off point.

Several studies have examined the prognostic significance of IDH1/2 mutation, 1p/19q codeletion and MGMT promoter methylation in lower-grade gliomas but most of these used the 2007 fourth edition of the WHO classification. We evaluate prognostic significance of these indicators in the 2016 WHO updated fourth edition of CNS tumor classification. A total of 180 intracranial glioma patients diagnosed according WHO 2016 edition between December 2016 and December 2018 Jinling Hospital (Nanjing, China) were reviewed retrospectively. We performed survival analysis on 109 patients with complete molecular pathology and follow-up data. Histologically, 52 were diagnosed as astrocytoma (WHO grade II and III), 17 as oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II and III) and 40 as GBMs. At last follow-up, 50.5% patients had experienced tumor progression and 34.9% had died. Among grade II and III cases 36.2% experienced tumor progression and 27.5% died. In univariate Kaplan–Meier analysis, multifocal tumor, EGFR mutation or amplification, PIK3CA mutation and IDHwt/TERTpwt group were associated with shorter PFS (p p = 0.003, p = 0.005, p p = 0.010, p = 0.020, p = 0.018, p p = 0.04), MGMTp methylation (HR = 0.095, p = 0.003) and chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.006, p = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Beyond histological classification as well as IDH1/2 mutation, 1p/19q codeletion status, we could incorporate IDH1/2mt combined with TERTpmt, EGFR mutation or amplification and PIK3CA mutation into the diagnostic criteria for DLGGs to supplement WHO 2016 pathological criteria.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive breast cancer that can progress into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Studies suggest DCIS is often overtreated since a considerable part of DCIS lesions may never progress into IDC. Lower grade lesions have a lower progression speed and risk, possibly allowing treatment de-escalation. However, studies show significant inter-observer variation in DCIS grading. Automated image analysis may provide an objective solution to address high subjectivity of DCIS grading by pathologists. In this study, we developed and evaluated a deep learning-based DCIS grading system. The system was developed using the consensus DCIS grade of three expert observers on a dataset of 1186 DCIS lesions from 59 patients. The inter-observer agreement, measured by quadratic weighted Cohen’s kappa, was used to evaluate the system and compare its performance to that of expert observers. We present an analysis of the lesion-level and patient-level inter-observer agreement on an independent test set of 1001 lesions from 50 patients. The deep learning system (dl) achieved on average slightly higher inter-observer agreement to the three observers (o1, o2 and o3) (κo1,dl = 0.81, κo2,dl = 0.53 and κo3,dl = 0.40) than the observers amongst each other (κo1,o2 = 0.58, κo1,o3 = 0.50 and κo2,o3 = 0.42) at the lesion-level. At the patient-level, the deep learning system achieved similar agreement to the observers (κo1,dl = 0.77, κo2,dl = 0.75 and κo3,dl = 0.70) as the observers amongst each other (κo1,o2 = 0.77, κo1,o3 = 0.75 and κo2,o3 = 0.72). The deep learning system better reflected the grading spectrum of DCIS than two of the observers. In conclusion, we developed a deep learning-based DCIS grading system that achieved a performance similar to expert observers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first automated system for the grading of DCIS that could assist pathologists by providing robust and reproducible second opinions on DCIS grade., The authors developed a deep-learning-based ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) grading system that achieved performance similar to expert observers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first automated system for the grading of DCIS that could assist pathologists by providing robust and reproducible second opinions on DCIS grade.

A system of fifteen variables (7 morphological and 8 variables for assessing postural status) was applied to a sample of 284 male and female students from the first to the third grade of primary school, with the aim of determining the differences between boys and girls. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the examined samples in the following morphological variables: in the first class (body weight and skin fold of the triceps), in the second class (body height, body weight, skin fold of the triceps and skin fold of the biceps) and in third grade (body height, skin fold of triceps, skin fold of back, skin fold of biceps, and skin fold of lower leg). Statistically significant differences in the variables for assessing postural status exist in the following variables: in the first grade (head posture, shoulder posture, shoulder posture, chest shape and leg shape), in the second grade (shoulder posture, chest shape, and spinal deviation in frontal plane) and in the third grade (deviation of the spinal column in the frontal plane, holding the anterior abdominal wall and the shape of the legs). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that in the younger school-age in morphology there is a significant sexual dimorphism and with it in connection with the change of postural status.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type lower-grade gliomas (histologic grades II and III) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation are reported to behave similar to glioblastoma. We aimed to evaluate whether MR imaging features could identify a subset of IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas that carry molecular features of glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multi-institutional retrospective study, pathologically confirmed IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas from 2 tertiary institutions and The Cancer Genome Atlas constituted the training set (institution 1 and The Cancer Genome Atlas, 64 patients) and the independent test set (institution 2, 57 patients). Preoperative MRIs were analyzed using the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images and radiomics. The molecular glioblastoma status was determined on the basis of the presence of EGFR amplification and TERT promoter mutation. Molecular glioblastoma was present in 73.4% and 56.1% in the training and test sets, respectively. Models using clinical, Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images, and radiomic features were built to predict the molecular glioblastoma status in the training set; then they were validated in the test set. RESULTS: In the test set, a model using both Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images and radiomic features showed superior predictive performance (area under the curve = 0.854) than that with only clinical features or Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (areas under the curve = 0.514 and 0.648, respectively; P CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging features integrated with machine learning classifiers may predict a subset of IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas that carry molecular features of glioblastoma.

Introduction Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with survival outcome for patients with lower‐grade gliomas (LGGs) being quite variable. Epigenetic modifications in LGGs appear tightly linked to patient clinical outcomes but are not commonly used as clinical tools. Aims We aimed to derive an epigenetic enzyme gene signature for LGGs that would allow for improved clinical risk stratification. Results The study employed transcriptomic data of 711 lower‐grade gliomas from three publically available data sets. Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, we discovered a 13‐gene epigenetic signature that strongly predicts poor overall survival in LGGs. The robust prediction ability for survival was further verified in two independent validation cohorts. The signature was also significantly associated with malignant molecular signatures including wild‐type IDH, unmethylated MGMT promoter, and non‐codeletion of 1p19q together with linkage to multiple oncogenic pathways. Interestingly, our results showed that immune infiltration of MDSCs together with mRNA expression of immune inhibition biomarkers was also positively correlated with the epigenetic signature. Lastly, we confirmed the oncogenic role of SMYD2 in glioma tumor cells in functional assays. Conclusions We report a novel epigenetic gene signature that harbors robust survival prediction value for LGG patients that is tightly linked to activation of multiple oncogenic pathways., We identified an epigenetic enzyme gene signature in LGG (lower‐grade glioma) patients that harbors high predictive value of patient's outcome. In addition, the analyses showed that high‐risk signature is tightly associated with immune escape of LGG tumor cells. Our finding presents a new prediction model that provides a potentially better choice for clinical assessment of LGG patients.

Efficient separation of naturally hydrophobic gangue, such as talc and carbonaceous materials, from sulphide minerals in flotation is becoming a significant challenge in many processing plants due to the need to process lower grade and more complex ores. Considering the hydrophobic nature of these gangue minerals, prefloating them at the beginning of the flotation circuit in the absence of collectors and rejecting the concentrate is a common practice to remove these gangue minerals. However, sulphide minerals, such as chalcopyrite, can become naturally floatable due to surface oxidation and therefore may float together with naturally hydrophobic gangue. In this study, a new approach was developed to maximize the prefloat of hydrophobic gangue while minimizing the loss of sulphide minerals. The new approach introduced a prefloat cleaner stage where sulphide minerals recovered to the prefloat concentrate was depressed and separated from other hydrophobic gangue minerals at a low pulp potential with the prefloat cleaner tailing fed back to the main sulphide flotation circuit. Flotation tests were conducted using chalcopyrite and organic carbon. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the loss of valuable minerals in the prefloat flotation without affecting the reject of naturally hydrophobic gangue. Applying pulp potential control at the prefloat cleaner flotation stage also reduces the consumption of reducing agents while minimizing the effect of reducing agents on downstream rougher flotation.

Background Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are further classified into two classes: with and without 1p/19q codeletion. IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted LGGs have better prognosis compared with IDH-mutant and 1p/19q non-codeleted LGGs. Purpose To evaluate conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) for predicting 1p/19q codeletion status of IDH-mutant LGGs. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed cMRI, DWI, SWI, and DSC-PWI in 142 cases of IDH mutant LGGs with known 1p/19q codeletion status. Features of cMRI, relative ADC (rADC), intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSSs), and the value of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were compared between IDH-mutant LGGs with and without 1p/19q codeletion. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression were used to determine diagnostic performances. Results IDH-mutant and 1p/19q non-codeleted LGGs tended to present with the T2/FLAIR mismatch sign and distinct borders ( P max were significantly different between the 1p/19q codeleted and 1p/19q non-codeleted groups ( P Conclusion 1p/19q codeletion status of IDH-mutant LGGs can be stratified using cMRI and advanced MRI techniques, including DWI, SWI, and DSC-PWI. A combination of cMRI, rADC, ITSSs, and rCBVmax may improve the diagnostic performance for predicting 1p/19q codeletion status.

The present study was conducted to assess the links between in-class use of social media and academic and social school adjustment of high school students attending 9th and 10th grade in Lithuania. Participants included 216 girls and 103 boys aged 14 to 17 years (M = 15.60) attending high schools in the second largest city of Lithuania. Participants filled questionnaires concerning their use of social media during class time and social adjustment at school. Also, schools provided data on current academic adjustment of participants. The results indicated that more time spent using social networking sites during classes was linked to lower grade point average, more missed classes, and poorer relationships with peers.

Immunotherapy is an effective treatment for many cancer types. However, YTHDF2 effects on the prognosis of different tumors and correlation with tumor immune infiltration are unclear. Here, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data obtained through various web-based platforms. The analyses showed that YTHDF2 expression and associated prognoses may depend on cancer type. High YTHDF2 expression was associated with poor overall survival in lower-grade glioma (LGG). In addition, YTHDF2 expression positively correlated with expression of several immune cell markers, including PD-1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4, as well as tumor-associated macrophage gene markers, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in LGG. These findings suggest that YTHDF2 is a potential prognostic biomarker that correlates with LGG tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

Purpose Incidentally discovered diffusely infiltrating lower-grade gliomas (incidental LGGs, iLGGs) are defined as gliomas occasionally found in patients without tumor-related symptoms. At present, very few in-depth research studies on incidental LGGs were reported. We aimed to find out the inherent difference between iLGGs and LGGs with tumor-related symptoms. Patients and methods We enrolled 2486 all-grade gliomas and screened 1594 lower-grade gliomas for further analysis. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for iLGGs. Clinical and mRNA sequencing data were collected for in-depth analysis. Results We found that with increasing grade, the proportion of incidental glioma patients decreased obviously. In 1594 patients who underwent craniotomy for LGG, 80 (5%) patients were discovered incidentally. Grade II patients (88%) and patients bearing 1p/19q co-deletion in their tumors (23%) were more likely to be diagnosed as iLGGs. Regular radiological screening (48%) and trauma (24%) were the main complaint for brain imaging for iLGGs. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that iLGGs patients lived a significantly longer survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that iLGGs were an independent indicator of better prognosis. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis and differential expression analysis based on the gene expression profile revealed that mitochondrial aerobic respiration process was enriched in iLGGs. Moreover, we found that iLGGs tended to generate energy by unique mitochondrial aerobic respiration. Conclusion These results provided a primitive exploration of iLGGs, which may potentially assist clinical neurosurgeons with personalized management of iLGGs.

Tumour microenvironment of brain lower grade glioma (LGG) consists of non‐tumour cells including stromal cells and immune cells mainly. These non‐tumour cells dilute the purity of LGG and play pivotal roles in tumour growth and development, thereby affecting patient prognosis. Tumour purity is also associated with molecular subtypes of LGG. In this study, we discovered the most relevant module to purity by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and afterwards performed consensus network analysis and survival analysis to filter 61 significant genes related to both purity and prognosis. In turn, we built a simplified model based on the calculation of purity score, and consensus measurement of purity estimation (CPE), with a satisfactory predictive performance by random forest regression. HLA‐E, MSN, GNG‐5, MYL12A, ITGB4, PDPN, AGTRAP, S100A4, PLSCR1, VAMP5 were selected as the most relevant genes correlating to both purity and prognosis. The risk score model based on the 10 genes could moderately predict patients’ overall survival. These 10 genes, respectively, were positively correlated positively to immunosuppressive cells like macrophage M2, but negatively correlated to patient prognosis, which may explain partially the poor prognosis with low‐purity group.

Teacher classroom practices have been identified as the key contributing factor to the low learning outcomes of primary school grades in Kenya. Teacher mentoring has the potential to improve classroom practices and this study sought to determine its effects on the classroom practices of primary school teachers in Kwale County, Kenya. Using One Group Repeated Measures Quasi-Experimental Design, one cohort of 40 teachers in 22 public primary schools was mentored for 20 months, from May 2016 to October 2018. A classroom observation tool was used in data collection during this period. The tool achieved a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.84, 0.81 and 0.79 in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. Data was analysed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and teacher mentoring had a statistically significant effect on mean classroom practice score at F=6.282, df=2, p=0.003. Significant mean differences were located between 2016 and 2017 in favour of 2017, and between 2016 and 2018 in favour of 2018. There was no significant mean difference between 2017 and 2018. In conclusion, teacher mentoring is effective in improving teacher classroom practices and should be integrated into the formal school programme in Kenya. Key words: Teacher mentoring, classroom practices, teacher quality, learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to examine how to conduct the dietary education of elementary school students more efficiently by adding dietary education content into the total school curriculum. To investigate dietary education delivered within school curriculum, the changes in dietary education in the area of practical education, from the first curriculum to the 2015 revised curriculum, are education on the production and supply of food, education on nutrition and health, and etiquette. It was conducted according to the flow of social change in the order of education, experience education on health and food making, and so on. Also, when compared to other countries, the curriculum and the time of education were presented in the domain of one curriculum rather than in a separate cirriculum. In 2018, the KFDA was divided into elementary, lower grade, middle grade, and high grades to provide education on health, etiquette, safety, and the environment in the 7th unit into education, and in 2019, eat less salty and less sweet, the education plan is divided into practice from thinking openness to practice, and it is understood that nutrition, food, especially food safety, proper eating habits, and cooking are the main educational content topics. The analysis framework results showed that using the food education materials produced by the governmental departments provided a more practical and diverse education.

Background Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are ubiquitous and fatal branches of brain neoplasm. Finding biomarkers related to diagnosis and treatment is essential for the treatment of LGG. It is possible to reveal the potential links between tumor microenvironment and overall survival (OS) in LGG by mining the mRNA expression profile from the TCGA database. Our primary purpose was to explore key genes that can be applied for diagnosis or treatment in LGG microenvironment. Methods Based on the ESTIMATE algorithm, the immune and stromal scores were calculated to measure the extent of infiltration of immune cells and stromal cells, respectively. The LGG samples from TCGA database were assigned into high- or low-score groups per the immune and stromal scores and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected by comparing gene expression levels in the two groups. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed to analyze DEGs. Finally, selected DEGs were validated using another independent LGG cohort from CGGA dataset. Results The results indicated that immune/stromal scores correlated with LGG prognosis. Furtherly, survival analysis conducted for each subtype shown that immune/stromal scores were only significantly associated with the prognosis of astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype, and there was no significant statistical difference in the other subtypes. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks further showed that the upregulated DEGs were primarily involved in immune response, plasma membrane, and cytokine binding. Accordingly, a series of genes that have significant impacts on prognosis and are significantly associated with the tumor microenvironment were obtained. Conclusions Based on the ESTIMATE algorithm, we first explored the relationship between immune/stromal scores and prognosis in different subtypes of LGG and the result shown that the scores were only strongly associated with the prognosis of astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype. Furtherly, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profiles of astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype patients was conducted, CASP8, TRIM6, TRIM38, PARP9, NMI, EPSTI1, DTX3L and AGBL2 were identified as tumor microenvironment-related genes, may be involved in the occurrence, development, and invasion of LGG.

It is important to create foreign units alternative, introducing modern domestic technologies and lines in the framework of import substitution for the primary processing of strategic raw materials in the industrial hemp form. ( Research purpose ) To substantiate the technological scheme of the line for processing industrial hemp into the hemp short, the characteristics of raw materials and low-cost fibers for the primary processing of industrial hemp in the form of tangled mass of incomplete length stems, harvested by a specialized combine. ( Materials and methods ) Hemp rolls of spring harvesting were processed according to two options: single and double way of raw materials through the line, after which the hemp short quality indicators were determined. ( Results and discussion ) The authors found out that hemp raw material had broken and tangled stems 36-470 millimeters long, of high separability, with a fiber content of 26-30 percent, but with a small breaking load of 13-17 kilogram-forces. They determined that the fiber yield with a single way was 28-29 percent, with a double way – 23-22 percent. It was shown that a double pass reduced the mass fraction of shives by 3-4 percent in absolute terms and reduced the breaking load by no more than 2 kilogram-force. A low content of defects was revealed: the mass fraction of shives was no more than 7.1 percent, the absence of a “paw”. However, due to the minimum breaking load of the fiber, hemp was assigned to the lower grade. ( Conclusions ) The authors substantiated the scheme of small-sized and low-cost domestic line for the industrial hemp primary processing. They determined the quality indicators values of the hemp short and its output under various conditions of primary processing. The influence share of the second way through the line on the quality indicators was calculated: fiber yield – 97.3 percent; the breaking load of the twisted ribbon is 42.4 percent; mass fraction of shives – 75.3 percent; the average mass length is 61.2 percent; the weighted average linear density is 99.1 percent.

Many institutions and governments grade academic journals for the evaluation of research. In this paper, we implement a multi‐bibliometric methodology for the evaluation of such a list of journal grades. We examine the grades assigned by the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) for over 750 journals in the fields of economics and statistics. Firstly, we generate up to 48 bibliometric‐based grades for each journal based on the grade distribution implied by the ABDC. Secondly, we categorize the bibliometrics employing a cluster analysis of an interrater agreement statistic. Thirdly, we present a visualization of the consistency of the grading by journal. Finally, we list those journals where the majority of the matched bibliometrics indicate a higher or lower grade than their ABDC grade.

The importance of genomic information in intrinsic brain tumors is highlighted in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification of gliomas, which now incorporates both phenotype and genotype data to assign a diagnosis. By using genetic markers to both categorize tumors and advise patients on prognosis, this classification system has minimized the risk of tissue sampling error, improved diagnostic accuracy, and reduced inter-rater variability. In the neurosurgical community, it is critical to understand the role genetics plays in tumor biology, what certain mutations mean for the patient's prognosis and adjuvant treatment, and how to interpret the results of sequencing data that are generated following tumor resection. In this review, we examine the critical role of genetics for diagnosis and prognosis and highlight the importance of tumor genetics for neurosurgeons caring for patients with diffuse lower grade gliomas.

Understanding concepts is one of the important things in learning Mathematics. However, in reality it was found that Grade 2 students had difficulty in understanding the concept of Mathematics. Therefore, in this study a strategy has chosen, namely Differentiated Instruction. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the application of Differentiated Instruction learning strategy can improve the understanding of the concept of class 2B students on Mathematics. The method carried out is the Classroom Action Research (CAR) by Robert Pelton with two cycles. The research was conducted at a Christian school in the West Jakarta area on September 26 to October 16, 2018, conducted with a total of 7 meetings. The instruments to collect data are lesson plans, mentor feedback, reflection journals, tests and documentation (photos). The results of the study shows that the Differentiated Instruction strategy can improve students' understanding of concepts on the three indicators used in this research. The maximum achievement of each indicator is restating a concept (72%), classifying objects based on certain characteristics according to the concept (100%), and presenting concepts in various forms of representation (80%). Differentiated Instruction can improve the understanding concept of, if each of the strategic steps are implemented properly. However, there are some things that need to be considered such as the emphasis on the concept of clear material, giving clear but simple instructions (for lower grade students), giving clear and firm rules, as well as variations in learning according to interests, learning styles, and student readiness.

The most recent cIMPACT-NOW update highlighted the homozygous deletion of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene as a clinically important molecular alteration in IDH-mutant glioma. Correspondingly, we systematically reviewed the contemporary literature to affirm the contemporary stance of the literature on the prognostic significance of this alteration in this setting based on the current World Health Organization (WHO) Grade classification. A systematic search of seven electronic databases from inception to February 2020 was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were screened against pre-specified criteria to include lower-grade glioma (LGG, WHO Grade II/III) and glioblastoma (GBM, WHO Grade IV) separately. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from Kaplan–Meier and multivariable analyses were outcomes of interest. Nine institutional studies describing 2193 IDH-mutant gliomas satisfied criteria for evaluation, with 1756 (80%) LGG and 437 (20%) GBM. When reported, the proportion of CDKN2A homozygous deleted gliomas ranged from 9 to 43%, with a median incidence of 22%. For LGG, Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated shorter PFS in the presence of CDKN2A homozygous deletion in three studies (median values, 31 versus 91 months), and shorter OS in five studies (median values, 61 versus 154 months). For GBM, Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated shorter PFS in the presence of CDKN2A homozygous deletion in two studies (median values, 16 versus 30 months), and shorter OS in four studies (median values, 38 versus 86 months). By multivariable analyses, CDKN2A homozygous deletion was a predictor of significantly shorter PFS and OS in both LGG and GBM across all included studies. The CDKN2A homozygous deletion is an important prognostic factor for survival outcomes of IDH-mutant glioma patients across multiple histologic WHO grades with specific molecular features likely dependent on IDH-mutant status. Greater understanding of how identifying this deletion can assist in the stratification of management for these tumors to optimize clinical course is required.

Background/aim Understanding of the molecular events associated with progression and survival differences in patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) is still unclear. The comparison of findings across studies using different datasets and methods is essential for a new molecular-based classification system. The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers for prognostic classification of patients with LGGs, and furthermore to lay a foundation for future development of targeted therapies for LGGs. Patients and methods Using information-theoretic and statistical approaches, we analyzed mRNA expression data for 18,413 genes from LGG samples in order to identify candidate biomarkers for survival. The candidate genes were then evaluated for their potential as prognostic biomarkers using multivariable Cox regression analyses that adjusted for the effects of age and grade. Results WEE1, EMP3, E2F7, CD58 and NSUN7 genes were identified as candidate biomarkers of LGGs and their high expression was associated with significantly shorter survival. The hazard ratios for mortality were 5.02 (95% CI=3.40-7.40) for WEE1, 5.45 (95% CI=3.63-8.18) for EMP3, 4.49 (95% CI=3.03-6.66) for E2F7, 4.77 (95% CI=3.22-7.06) for CD58 and 4.38 (95% CI=2.97-6.47) for NSUN7. In addition, the expression pattern of these genes, associated with shorter survival in LGGs, was also observed in glioblastoma multiforme. Conclusion Identification of genes associated with poor outcomes will provide insights into novel biological mechanisms that may lead to improvement in progression and survival for patients with LGGs.

Purpose: This study explored the relationships of maturity fears and appearance interest(interest in appearance, interest in weight) with self-concept among girls with precocious puberty. Methods: The participants for this study were 120 elementary school students (8 to 10 years old) and their parents from two hospitals located in Chungcheong Province. Data were collected from January to February 2019 using self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows version 23.0. Results: Statistically significant negative correlations were found between self-concept and maturity fears (r=-.34, pp=.001). Maturity fears were identified as a factor affecting the self-concept of girls with precocious puberty (β=-.34, p

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the improved prognostic relevance of the 2016 WHO molecular-based classification of lower-grade gliomas, variability in clinical outcome persists within existing molecular subtypes. Our aim was to determine prognostically significant metrics on preoperative MR imaging for lower-grade gliomas within currently defined molecular categories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective analysis of 306 patients with lower-grade gliomas accrued from an institutional data base and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Two neuroradiologists in consensus analyzed preoperative MRIs of each lower-grade glioma to determine the following: tumor size, tumor location, number of involved lobes, corpus callosum involvement, hydrocephalus, midline shift, eloquent cortex involvement, ependymal extension, margins, contrast enhancement, and necrosis. Adjusted hazard ratios determined the association between MR imaging metrics and overall survival per molecular subtype, after adjustment for patient age, patient sex, World Health Organization grade, and surgical resection status. RESULTS: For isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type lower-grade gliomas, tumor size (hazard ratio, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.94–7.75; P

Objectives: FOSL1 is overexpressed in multiple cancers including malignant glioma and contributes to different cellular processes. However, little attention has been paid to the lower grade glioma ...

Objective: To analyze the prognostic effects of age in different tumor types and determine the prognostic significance of age related genes in patients with lower grade glioma (LGG). Methods: The relationships between age and tumor overall survival were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The age related genes were identified using TCGA RNA-seq data. Univariate and multivariate cox regression were used to determine the prognostic significance of age related genes. The results derived from TCGA dataset were further validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Results: Age at initial pathologic diagnosis was most associated with the overall survival of LGG patients than other types of tumor patients. Age related genes EMP3, IGFBP2, TIMP1 and SERPINE1 were highly expressed in old LGG patients. The hypo-methylations of EMP3 and SERPINE1 were contributing to the high expressions of EMP3 and SERPINE1 in old LGG patients. Also, EMP3, IGFBP2, TIMP1 and SERPINE1 were highly expressed in LGG tumor tissues, compared with normal brain tissues. Moreover, high expressions of IGFBP2, EMP3, TIMP1 and SERPINE1 were associated with the worse prognosis of LGG patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that EMP3 and SERPINE1 were connected with each other and the combination of EMP3 and SERPINE1 had better prognostic effects in glioma patients. Conclusions: Age related genes IGFBP2, EMP3, TIMP1 and SERPINE1 have significant prognostic effects in LGG patients.

The main aim of the present study is to investigate geochemical analysis of iron ore and iron-enriched mineralised zones and their source identification by understanding lithological, structural and geomorphological units. The geology, geomorphology and lineament maps were prepared with help of Landsat 8 OLI satellite data and prepared thematic layers in two mandals namely Veerapunayunipalle and Pendlimarri of YSR Kadapa District, AP, India. Subsequently, geochemical analysis was performed in the mineralised zones to know the type and grade of the iron ore. The study revealed that the iron ore in the study area is of haematite (Fe2O3) type, and its mineralisation is confined to lineaments trending in E-W direction and are derived from ferruginous quartzites and shales belonging to the Cuddapah Supergroup. Based on the geochemical investigation, the overall grade of iron ore in respect of a Fe % in the study area is 39.04 which is commercially considered as lower grade and is useful for cement industry except for some villages like Chabali (56.76% Fe), Tummaluru (55.53% Fe), Animala (54.19% Fe) which is used for the steel industry.

Background. Glioma is the most common and lethal tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). More than 70% of WHO grade II/III gliomas were found to harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations which generated targetable metabolic vulnerabilities. Focusing on the metabolic vulnerabilities, some targeted therapies, such as NAMPT, have shown significant effects in preclinical and clinical trials. Methods. We explored the TCGA as well as CGGA database and analyzed the RNA-seq data of lower grade gliomas (LGG) with the method of weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Differential expressed genes were screened, and coexpression relationships were grouped together by performing average linkage hierarchical clustering on the topological overlap. Clinical data were used to conduct Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results. In this study, we identified ACAA2 as a prognostic factor in IDH mutation lower grade glioma with the method of weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The difference of ACAA2 gene expressions between the IDH wild-type (IDH-WT) group and the IDH mutant (IDH-MUT) group suggested that there may be different potential targeted therapies based on the fatty acid metabolic vulnerabilities, which promoted the personalized treatment for LGG patients.