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To carry out molecular characterization and determine the antibacterial activity of oral antibiotics and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) against endodontic strains isolated from persistent infections. Root canal samples from 24 teeth in different patients with persistent endodontic infections were obtained. The isolated strains were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. Genotyping was achieved by molecular methods. The antibacterial activity of antibiotics and copper nanostructures was determined by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Furthermore, a time-kill kinetics assay was evaluated. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) were performed (p value

Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in self-curing acrylic resin against Streptococcus mutans. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) in self-curing acrylic resin, hav e antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus mutans, one of the microorganisms involved in the development of caries. Self- cured acrylic resin samples were prepared by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles at different concentrations based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Antibacterial activity against a biofilm was evaluated in samples that were aged in artificial saliva for different times using spectral confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 software (SPSS Inc. ®, Chicago, IL, United States) were used, establishing the value of p

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate repair cements and sealers against a dual-species planktonic aerobic model with different aging times and the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature 21-day-old multispecies anaerobic biofilm. The antibacterial activity of ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC sealer against a dual-species aerobic planktonic model, as well as measuring how materials were affected by aging, was evaluated using the Modified Direct Contact Test. Subsequently, the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature multispecies anaerobic biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy complemented with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biodentine and BioRoot RCS had higher antibacterial action, and Biodentine was able to maintain its antibacterial action after a prolonged aging period in vitro. Calcium silicate repair cement MTA ProRoot and Biodentine had higher antibiofilm action.

To carry out molecular characterization and determine the antibacterial activity of oral antibiotics and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) against endodontic strains isolated from persistent infections.Root canal samples from 24 teeth in different patients with persistent endodontic infections were obtained. The isolated strains were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. Genotyping was achieved by molecular methods. The antibacterial activity of antibiotics and copper nanostructures was determined by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Furthermore, a time-kill kinetics assay was evaluated. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) were performed (p value0.05).Twenty-one isolated strains were identified. Six isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were grouped into two clusters of three isolates each, two of which were clones. All were clarithromycin-resistant and erythromycin. Eight Pseudomonas putida presented two clusters, two Pseudomonas spp. were not clonal, and all were resistant to the tested antibiotics except tetracycline. Two of five strains of Cutibacterium acnes were clonal, and all were resistant only to metronidazole. The lowest MIC and MBC values were obtained with Cu-NPs. Time-kill kinetics using Cu-NPs showed a significant decrease in all tested species within 4 h and reached 100% in 2 h for C. acnes.In this study, in relation to health care-associated infections, endodontic strains of each species isolated at least in one patient were polyclonal. In Pseudomonas spp., at least one clone was shared between patients. E. faecalis and C. acnes strains were susceptible to low Cu-NP concentrations, while Pseudomonas spp. strains were resistant.Assessing and keeping track of the susceptibility of clinical strains to antimicrobial compounds is important for the clinical outcome. Based on our results, Cu-NPs could be an alternative for endodontic treatment, in order to avoid selection of resistant strains.

Indexación: Scopus. Objective: To assess the attitudes of health professionals towards Deafness and its association with sociodemographic and Deaf contact experience. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Concepcion, Chile. The sample size was estimated in 171 health professionals. The following variables were considered: socio demographics, Deaf contact experience, and attitudes to deafness scale (ADS scale). To evaluate the association between the variables, t-test and Spearman correlation test were used (p

Negative attitudes mean a barrier for People with Disability (PwD), but attitudes towards Deaf people are structurally different from the rest of the PwD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factorial structure and internal reliability of the Attitudes towards Deafness Scale (ADS) applied in health professionals from Concepcion, Chile. The ADS was translated to Spanish and back-translated to English, then reviewed by public health experts, and a pilot application was carried out to 15 health professional to make final modifications. The Chilean ADS version was applied to 182 health professional from primary care centers and academics working in health schools. Reliability analysis with estimation of the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis were made. The data presented adequate values to perform exploratory factor analysis (KMO=0.73; Bartlett’s sphericity test p

Different indices to identify dental diseases have been developed. For population-based studies, it is imperative to use simple and reliable indices, but most importantly, clinical examiners should reach an agreement, in order to increase inter-observer reliability and obtain reliable data. The objective of this study was to describe the calibration process of the Dental Aesthetic Index, Community Periodontal Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and International Caries Detection and Assessment System ICDAS II by two academics from the Public Health Department of Dentistry. All calibrations started with the individual reading of the official documents of each index and, when possible, were followed by a lecture, in-vitro or ex-vivo training and concluded with an in-vivo training. A high inter-observer reliability was obtained between the two academics in all indices.

Objetivo Identificar el compromiso paterno y la relación con sus conductas promotoras de salud.Metodo Estudio correlacional en 160 padres, pertenecientes a dos Centros de Salud Familiar, quienes respondieron las escalas de compromiso paterno y estilos de vida II, además de preguntas biosociodemográficas.Resultados El 78,1% de los padres presentan en promedio un alto compromiso paterno. Las variables que influencian positivamente el compromiso paterno, son las conductas promotoras en salud, la participación de éste en el parto y en los controles de salud de su hijo. La edad evidenció influencia negativa sobre el compromiso paterno. Correlaciones más altas de compromiso paterno, se observaron con las dimensiones de crecimiento espiritual y relaciones interpersonales, y más baja con la dimensión de actividad física. El compromiso paterno se mostró mayormente a través de actividades hacia sus hijos tales como alimentarlos, vestirlos y jugar.Conclusión Los padres participan más activamente en la crianza de sus hijos y como implícitamente son modelos de salud para éstos, se afirma la necesidad de crear y/o mantener estrategias para propiciar conductas promotoras de salud en los padres por parte de los profesionales de salud, puesto que influencian favorablemente el compromiso paterno.

Indexación: Scopus. Background. Oral health plays a crucial role in general health, quality of life and well-being of pregnant women and their newborns. In Chile, pregnant women have dental care guaranteed by law. However, due to the lack of previous epidemiological studies on the benefits of this guarantee, it is necessary to describe this situation and evaluate the need to change the methods of providing dental services. Objectives. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of providing dental benefits resulting from the Explicit Health Guarantee – Integral Oral Health in Pregnant Women (GES-SOIE) program to pregnant women attending the Juan Soto Fernández Family Health Center, Concepción, Chile, in 2014–2015. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study of the electronic dental records of patients admitted to GES-SOIE was conducted. The variables studied were sociodemographic data, dental chair hours, non-attendance, treatment completion, and the type of referral to secondary healthcare (SHC). Results. Of 233 pregnant women, 65.2% were registered for non-attendance, 21.2% required referral to SHC and 76.4% completed their treatment. When performing logistic regression, it was found that for each non-attendance the chance of not completing the treatment increased 1.4 times. Conclusions. The level of non-attendance and opting out of the treatment in pregnant women is high, which hinders the proper functioning and effectiveness of GES-SOIE. © 2018 by Wroclaw Medical University and Polish Dental Society. http://www.dmp.umed.wroc.pl/en/article/2018/55/2/179/

Introduccion: La humanizacion del cuidado es una tematica relevante de tratar por el impacto que tiene en la salud de las personas, esto demanda contar con instrumentos confiables y validos que permitan su evaluacion. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar la version colombiana del cuestionario de Percepcion de Comportamientos de Cuidados Humanizados en Enfermeria (PCHE), para ser utilizado en poblacion chilena. Materiales y Metodos: Estudio de validacion, que consistio en la evaluacion por expertos y adaptacion transcultural del PCHE a traves de un enfoque intralingual y el analisis de la consistencia interna y validez de constructo del instrumento PCHE version Chilena. Resultados: Se modificaron terminos y tiempos verbales, con un 100% de comprension por parte de los encuestados, esto permitio generar un instrumento adecuado al lenguaje y comprension del espanol utilizado en Chile. Se obtuvo un alto coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach de 0.92, y una validez de constructo por convergencia con una alta correlacion positiva r de 0,73 con la Escala de Percepcion del Cuidado Humanizado. Discusion: Se visualiza la importancia de la adaptacion linguistica sociocultural de instrumentos en distintas culturas y de esta forma evitar sesgos derivados del lenguaje. La confiabilidad y validez de constructo del instrumento es similar a la encontrada en Colombia, lo que demuestra las adecuadas propiedades y su buen funcionamiento en un contexto cultural distinto. Conclusiones: Este instrumento constituye un aporte a la humanizacion de los cuidados en enfermeria, al ser una escala valida y apropiada para ser usada en el contexto de la poblacion Chilena. Como citar este articulo: Rodriguez AM, Jara P, Pereira DI, Luengo L. Adaptacion transcultural y validacion de un cuestionario de cuidado humanizado en enfermeria para una muestra de poblacion Chilena. Rev Cuid. 2018; 9(2): 2245-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v9i2.531

Objective To report the adaptation and cultural validation of the Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI) for the adult Chilean population attending public and university health services. Study design The original OHLI in English was translated to Spanish and back-translated, then a preliminary version was obtained following review by four experts. A pilot study was carried out in 30 patients, who were asked to assess their understanding of the questionnaire. The following variables were included: sociodemographic factors (sex, age, average monthly income, education and marital status); oral health (history of caries, periodontal disease and oral hygiene); oral health-related quality of life; health literacy; oral health literacy; and psychometric properties (internal consistency, temporal stability, convergent validity and predictive validity). Clinical examination and questionnaire administration were carried out at the public health centres where the participants were receiving treatment. Results A total of 482 persons participated in the study. The internal consistency was high; Cronbach's alpha values were 0.864 for the first section, 0.739 for the second section and 0.887 for the entire instrument. The temporal stability was good, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was >0.6. Regarding convergent validity, the correlation of Chilean version of OHLI (OHLI-cl) with health literacy was positively moderate to strong (r > 0.5 and ρ > 0.5) and statistically significant (P < 0.01). Regarding predictive validity, the correlation of OHLI with oral health damage was negatively weak to moderate (r < −0.2 and ρ < −0.2) and statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The OHLI-cl demonstrates adequate psychometric properties for measuring the oral health literacy in Chilean populations attending public and university health services.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar el acoso laboral y factores asociados en trabajadores que se desempeñan en servicios de emergencias de establecimientos de salud públicos y privados Método: Investigación cuantitativa, correlacional y transversal. Muestra probabilística estratificada por ocupaciones y por establecimientos, intervalo de confianza 95%, margen de error 5%, representada por 366 trabajadores. Se utilizó apartados sociodemográficos y de acoso laboral de encuesta "Violencia Laboral en Sector Salud". Se contó con aprobaciones de comités éticos científicos, y consentimiento informado. Se realizó análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: La prevalencia del acoso laboral fue 14,3%, siendo tres veces mayor en establecimientos públicos. Ser mujer y ser soltero resultaron estadísticamente significativos para hospitales públicos. Solo en un caso la víctima demandó legalmente. Conclusiones: el acoso laboral debe preocupar a empleadores y trabajadores, para establecer medidas que favorezcan un ambiente laboral saludable y libre de violencia. Abstract Objective: Determine workplace harassment and associated factors in workers who work in emergency services of public and private health facilities. Method: Quantitative, correlational and transversal research. Probabilistic sample stratified by occupations and by establishments, confidence interval 95%, margin of error 5%, represented by 366 workers. Sociodemographic and labor harassment sections of the "Work Violence in the Health Sector" survey were used. It counted on approvals of scientific ethical committees, and informed consent. A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out. Results: The prevalence of workplace harassment was 14.3%, being three times higher in public establishments. Being a woman and being single was statistically significant only for public hospitals. Only in one case the victim sued legally. Conclusions: Workplace harassment should concern employers and workers, to establish measures that favor a healthy work environment free of violence.

Resumen Objetivo Realizar validación y análisis de confiabilidad de la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado en adolescentes chilenos. Método Fue realizado en una muestra 199 adolescentes. La validación de contenido se hizo por revisión de expertos. Se exploró la confiabilidad y la validez de constructo por medio de análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC). Resultados Algunos términos de la escala se adaptaron culturalmente. La confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de la escala de 24 ítems fue de 0,88. Los ítems 6, 11, 20 presentaron baja confiabilidad y correlación con la escala (

There are various instruments to measure attitudes toward persons with disabilities (PwD). The Multidimensional Attitudes Scale (MAS) toward PwD is a three-dimension scale with good psychometric properties; the Spanish version has been validated with a four-factor structure. Aim: To examine the factor structure of a cross-cultural adapted version of the Spanish MAS towards deaf persons in a sample of Chilean dental students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved five Chilean public health experts that reviewed the scale for obtaining a preliminary version of a 30-item modified MAS towards deaf persons; a pilot with 15 dental students was performed, and a final sample composed of 311 students was included. For the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), maximum likelihood estimation (ML) for determining the number of factors and parallel analysis (PA) was used, with Oblimin for the rotation method. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess reliability. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI-NNF) and root mean square of residuals (RMSR) were used to assess model fit. Results: All items had a normal distribution with the exception of items 7 and 10. The four-factor structure without item 10 in this EFA presented an adequate Cronbach’s alpha (>0.83), suggesting acceptable reliability. RMSEA, TLI-NNFI, RMSR, GFI and CFI indices suggested a good fit of the model and were consistent with the literature. Conclusion: The Spanish modified version of the MAS towards deaf persons has a four-factor structure, which in consistent with a previous version of the MAS.

Este trabajo desarrolla el diseño y la implementación de Unidades Didácticas Integradas (UDI) en el marco de la educación superior siguiendo el enfoque AICLE (Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras). El diseño y la implementación de una metodología conjunta ha permitido poner en práctica dichas UDI durante el curso 2015/2016 en diferentes ámbitos de contenido. Ello ha ofrecido datos relevantes sobre el nivel de lengua y contenidos que el alumnado ha adquirido. La integración de diferentes áreas en las dos ramas de conocimiento (Ciencias Sociales e Ingeniería) ha constituido un marco interesante y especialmente adecuado para la puesta en práctica de estas UDI en el marco de la Educación Superior Europea. This paper addresses the design and implementation of Integrated Didactic Units (IDUs) within Higher Education following the CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) approach. The design of a joint methodology for different content areas has allowed the teaching staff herein to implement different IDUs along the 2015/2016 academic year. The data collected on initial and final language level and contents from the joint and complementary work of two different content areas (Social Sciences and Engineering) has offered an interesting working framework which we consider suitable for an EHEA teaching innovation after the analysis and discussion of our results.

La autoeficacia se define como la capacidad de controlar, planificar y ejecutar efectivamente conductas necesarias para poder dominar una situación. En el contexto de las personas mayores se vincula con la capacidad de ser partícipes en la resolución de diversas situaciones en su vida cotidiana, permitiendo planificar el cómo hacer frente a estas adversidades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la efectividad de un plan educativo basado en la actividad física y su asociación con en el nivel de autoeficacia percibida por las personas mayores. Estudio de tipo preexperimental, preprueba/posprueba con un solo grupo, analítico, correlacional. Con una totalidad de 40 participantes pertenecientes a la agrupación de personas mayores “Los Laureles”. Para evaluar el nivel de autoeficacia se utilizó la Escala de Autoeficacia General, que se encuentra validada en Chile, con mediciones pre y post intervención de este plan educativo que contempló 30 sesiones eductivas y de actividad física impartidas durante tres meses. Se obtuvo como resultado que luego del plan educativo aplicado el nivel medio de autoeficacia tuvo un aumento de 7 puntos. Con esto se patenta la efectividad de actividades promotoras de la salud como una estrategia para mantener y fortalecer la funcionalidad, tanto física como cognitiva en las personas mayores.

Nuestro proyecto se centró en familiarizar a estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación (UCO) con uno de los ámbitos esenciales del que será su entorno laboral, las bibliotecas de los Centros de Educación Infantil y Primaria (CEIP) cordobeses. La idea era ponerlos en contacto, e iniciarlos, en sus protocolos de funcionamiento y sus múltiples posibilidades como incentivo de animación a la lectura. Como futuros profesionales de la educación, los estudiantes deben concienciarse de la importancia que posee la lectura en la formación del alumnado, así como reconocer las herramientas y estrategias para acercársela de un modo eficaz. Antes y después de la visita, núcleo de nuestra propuesta, se realizaron actividades complementarias: previamente se introdujo en clase un módulo teórico-práctico destinado a poner en contacto a los estudiantes con los presupuestos teóricos, y ejemplos reales, de proyectos de fomento de la lectura realizados desde las bibliotecas de los CEIP y desde otras instituciones educativas. Tras la visita, realizaron un trabajo en el que reflexionaron sobre la lectura como pilar fundamental básico de la formación académica y dieron sus impresiones y valoraciones sobre los distintos proyectos presentados en el centro visitado. Our project focused on students of the School for Educational Science (UCO). The aim is to get students acquainted with one of the main areas of their future work environment, i.e. the libraries in the Children School Centers and Primary Education Centers (CEIP) in Córdoba. The main objective was to put students in contact and provide initial steps in the CEIP environment, while using these centers as a tool to encourage reading. In their ability as future education professionals, our students must understand the key importance of reading in training processes, and get to know the tools and strategies instrumental to an effective educational approach. Before and after the visits, some supplementary activities were included. Before the visit, a theoretical-practical module was included in the lessons, so that the students would get used to the theoretical assumptions involved. In addition, realistic case studies were discussed, describing reading promotion projects previously organized in CEIP libraries and other educational institutions. Following the visit, the students were invited to write a report dealing with the role of reading as a basic pillar in academic careers, and to comment on the different projects presented in the center hosting the visit.

Resumen Introducción La humanización del cuidado es una temática relevante de tratar por el impacto que tiene en la salud de las personas, esto demanda contar con instrumentos confiables y válidos que permitan su evaluación. Objetivo Adaptar y validar la versión colombiana del cuestionario de Percepción de Comportamientos de Cuidados Humanizados en Enfermería (PCHE), para ser utilizado en población chilena. Materiales y Métodos Estudio de validación, que consistió en la evaluación por expertos y adaptación transcultural del PCHE a través de un enfoque intralingual y el análisis de la consistencia interna y validez de constructo del instrumento PCHE versión Chilena. Resultados Se modificaron términos y tiempos verbales, con un 100% de comprensión por parte de los encuestados, esto permitió generar un instrumento adecuado al lenguaje y comprensión del español utilizado en Chile. Se obtuvo un alto coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach de 0.92, y una validez de constructo por convergencia con una alta correlación positiva r de 0,73 con la Escala de Percepción del Cuidado Humanizado. Discusión Se visualiza la importancia de la adaptación lingüística sociocultural de instrumentos en distintas culturas y de esta forma evitar sesgos derivados del lenguaje. La confiabilidad y validez de constructo del instrumento es similar a la encontrada en Colombia, lo que demuestra las adecuadas propiedades y su buen funcionamiento en un contexto cultural distinto. Conclusiones Este instrumento constituye un aporte a la humanización de los cuidados en enfermería, al ser una escala válida y apropiada para ser usada en el contexto de la población Chilena. Abstract Introduction Humanization of care is a relevant theme to address due to its impact on the health of individuals; this requires having reliable and valid instruments that permit its evaluation. Objective Adapt and validate the Colombian version of the questionnaire on Perception of Humanized-Care Behaviors in Nursing (PHCBN) for use in a Chilean population. Materials and Methods Validation study consisting in the expert evaluation and transcultural adaptation of the PHCBN through an intra-lingual approach and internal consistency analysis and construct validity of the Chilean version of the instrument. Results Terms and verb tenses were modified with 100% comprehension by those surveyed; this permitted generating an instrument suited to the language and comprehension of the Spanish used in Chile. The study obtained a high Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.92, along with a construct validity through convergence with a high positive r correlation of 0.73 with the Humanized-Care Perception Scale. Discussion Herein, we visualize the importance of the linguistic sociocultural adaptation of instruments in different cultures and, thus, avoid bias derived from language. The reliability and construct validity of the instrument is similar to that found in Colombia, which demonstrates adequate properties and its good function within a distinct cultural context. Conclusions This instrument constitutes a contribution to the humanization of nursing care, given that it is a valid and appropriate scale for use in the Chilean population context. Resumo Introdução A humanização do cuidado é uma questão relevante, abordada pelo impacto que tem na saúde das pessoas, o que requer disponibilizar de instrumentos confiáveis e válidos que permitam sua avaliação. Objetivo Adaptar e validar a versão Colombiana do questionário de Percepção de Comportamentos de Cuidados Humanizados em Enfermagem (PCHE), para ser utilizado em população Chilena. Materiais e Métodos Estudo de validação, que consistiu na avaliação de peritos e adaptação transcultural do PCHE através de uma abordagem intralinguística e a análise da consistência interna e validade de construto do instrumento PCHE versão Chilena. Resultados Foram modificados termos e tempos verbais, com 100% de compreensão por parte dos entrevistados, isto permitiu gerar um instrumento adequado para a linguagem e compreensão do espanhol utilizado no Chile. Obteve-se um elevado coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,92, e validade de construto por convergência com uma alta correlação positiva r de 0,73 com a Escala de Percepção do Cuidado Humanizado. Discussão Visualiza-se a importância da adaptação linguística sociocultural de instrumentos em diferentes culturas e, assim, evitar vieses derivados da linguagem. A confiabilidade e a validade de constructo do instrumento são semelhantes às encontradas na Colômbia, o qual demostra as adequadas propriedades e seu bom funcionamento em um contexto cultural diferente. Conclusões Este instrumento constitui uma contribuição para a humanização dos cuidados em enfermagem, por ser uma escala válida e apropriada para ser utilizada no contexto da população Chilena.

To identify the association of paternal commitment and health-promoting behaviors.Correlational and predictive study in 160 parents attended in two Family Health Centers, who responded to the scales of paternal involvement and lifestyles II, as well as biosociodemographic questions.On average, 78.1% of the fathers were highly committed. The variables that positively influence paternal commitment are health-promoting behaviors, and their participation in childbirth and routine checkups of their children. Age had a negative influence on paternal commitment. Higher correlations of paternal commitment were observed in the dimensions spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships, while it was lower in the physical activity dimension. Father's commitment was mostly evident in activities done together with their children such as feeding, dressing and playing.Fathers participate more actively in the upbringing of their children. Considering that they are implicitly health role models for children, there is a clear need to create and/or maintain strategies to encourage health-promoting behaviors in fathers by health professionals, since they favorably influence paternal commitment.Identificar el compromiso paterno y la relación con sus conductas promotoras de salud.Estudio correlacional en 160 padres, pertenecientes a dos Centros de Salud Familiar, quienes respondieron las escalas de compromiso paterno y estilos de vida II, además de preguntas biosociodemográficas.El 78,1% de los padres presentan en promedio un alto compromiso paterno. Las variables que influencian positivamente el compromiso paterno, son las conductas promotoras en salud, la participación de éste en el parto y en los controles de salud de su hijo. La edad evidenció influencia negativa sobre el compromiso paterno. Correlaciones más altas de compromiso paterno, se observaron con las dimensiones de crecimiento espiritual y relaciones interpersonales, y más baja con la dimensión de actividad física. El compromiso paterno se mostró mayormente a través de actividades hacia sus hijos tales como alimentarlos, vestirlos y jugar.Los padres participan más activamente en la crianza de sus hijos y como implícitamente son modelos de salud para éstos, se afirma la necesidad de crear y/o mantener estrategias para propiciar conductas promotoras de salud en los padres por parte de los profesionales de salud, puesto que influencian favorablemente el compromiso paterno.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the social determinants of health and the quality of life of women with various types of cancer aged 60 and over. Methodology: Quantitative, transversal study, with descriptive - correlational approach. The QLQ-C30 quality of life scale and sociodemographic data sheet were applied to 70 women aged 60 years and over diagnosed with cancer, from a public hospital, Concepcion province, Biobio region, Chile. Result: The average age of the women was 69.9 years (SD = 6.8), the predominant cancer was the breast, more than 50% of them were with chemotherapy and 72% in the advanced stage of the cancer (III -IV). The quality of life in the scales of physical, role, emotional, cognitive and social functioning, obtained values ​​over 63/100 points and in the overall health over 65/100 points; the symptoms of pain and fatigue obtained high scores compared with others. There was a statistically significant relationship with 2 Structural Social Determinants (education and occupation), and with 3 Intermediaries (tenure and housing status, and income satisfaction). Conclusion: The scores on the quality of life scale indicate a trend towards a good quality of life. However, it is negatively impacted by education, occupation, housing status and satisfaction with income received. It is necessary to focus on these social determinants in the assessment and care of elderly women with cancer, to propose interdisciplinary strategies that effectively improve their well-being and quality of life.

To adapt and validate the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30) for the Chilean population.REALD-30 was translated to Spanish, piloted, and revised by experts. Demographics, oral health status, oral health-related quality of life, and health literacy were analyzed. Summary measures, internal consistency, reliability, and convergent and predictive validity were calculated.Cronbach's alpha was 0.876, intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.789 for reliability, Pearson´s and Spearman´s correlations were ≥0.693 for convergent validity, and= *-0.138 for predictive validity.REALD-30 is a valid and reliable instrument to measure oral health literacy in the Chilean population.

17 páginas Objetivo: evaluar las actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de enfermeras/os de la región Bío Bío, de Chile, y determinar las variables que ejercen mayor influencia sobre estas. Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional y predictivo en 308 enfermeras/os que trabajaban en cuidados paliativos en centros de salud públicos. Se utilizaron las escalas de Actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de Frommelt, Inteligencia emocional, Actitudes hacia la muerte, Trabajo emocional y variables bio-sociodemográficas de experiencia y formación profesional. Resultados: la actitud hacia el cuidado al final de la vida mostró una tendencia favorable, presentando una asociación directa y estadísticamente significativa con: edad, experiencia laboral, mayor vínculo en tiempo y número pacientes terminales atendidos, y con la comprensión y regulación emocional. También se presentó una mayor actitud en el sexo femenino. La preferencia por trabajar en cuidados paliativos y ser formador en el área influyeron favorablemente en la actitud; al contrario, el miedo a la muerte y el trabajo emocional fingido influyeron negativamente la actitud. Conclusiones: se requiere formación profesional que aporte al modelo empírico, oriente la educación de actitudes hacia la muerte y que ayude al afrontamiento emocional y actitudinal hacia el cuidado al final de la vida. Objective: Evaluate attitudes towards end-of-life care among nurses from the Bío Bío region of Chile and determine the variables that exert the most influence in that respect. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive-correlational and predictive study of 308 nurses who work in palliative care at public health centers. The Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale was used, as were scales on emotional intelligence, attitudes toward death, emotional work and bio-demographic variables of experience and professional training. Results: The trend in attitude toward end-of-life care was shown to be favorable, and a direct and statistically significant association was found with age, work experience, more attachment over time, the number of terminal patients served, and with understanding and emotional regulation. The attitude was more prevalent among the females in the study and was influenced favorably by the preference for working in palliative care and by being a trainer in the area. On the contrary, it was negatively influenced by fear of death and feigned emotional work. Conclusions: There is a need for professional training that contributes to the empirical model, orients education on attitudes toward death, and helps with emotional coping and attitudes toward end-of-life care.

Introduction Oral health education/promotion interventions have been identified as cost-efficient tools to improve the oral health of the population. These interventions are regularly made in contexts where the target population is captive, for example, in health centres. In Chile, there are no oral health interventions delivered at home. Methods and analysis This community trial covers two disadvantaged urban areas in the province of Concepcion. Both sectors have public preschool education coverage with a traditional programme (TP) to promote oral health. The intervention will comprise four to six visits by dental hygienists trained in the delivery of a standardised oral health promotion programme using motivational interviewing (MI) at home. The experimental group will receive TP and MI, while the control group will receive only TP. If a positive and significant effect of MI is found, this will be administered to the control group. For a 50% reduction in the incidence of caries, a sample size of 120 preschoolers per group is estimated. Data will be gathered on demographic and socioeconomic variables; oral health outcomes using WHO oral health indicators (the prevalence and severity of caries, periodontal disease, dentofacial anomalies and oral hygiene); the oral health literacy of caregivers, measured by the Rapid Estimation of Adult Literacy in Dentistry and the Oral Health Literacy Instrument, both validated for the Chilean population. Assessments will take place at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. Ethics and dissemination The university bioethics committee approved this study (EI/21/2014). We will submit the trial’s results for presentation at international scientific meetings and to peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ACTRN12615000450516.

RESUMEN Ingresar a una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es una experiencia dificil, que involucra no solo riesgo vital de la persona, sino que tambien una crisis en su entorno familiar. Objetivo: Medir el nivel de resiliencia de los familiares responsables de personas hospitalizadas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepcion y sus factores asociados. Material y metodo: Estudio transversal, descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra de 117 familiares. Instrumentos: Se utilizo un cuestionario de variables sociodemograficas y de datos clinicos, Apgar familiar y la Escala de resiliencia "SV-RES", los que fueron aplicados a familiares responsables del cuidado de personas hospitalizadas. Resultados: Se evidencia que los familiares presentan un alto nivel de resiliencia. Dentro de los factores que influyen en una baja resiliencia se encuentran: redes, afectividad y generatividad, aspectos a fortalecer en una intervencion planificada de enfermeria. Las variables sociodemograficas no se relacionaron con el nivel de resiliencia obtenido, a diferencia de la funcionalidad familiar que podria potenciar respuestas resilientes, contribuyendo a la efectividad del cuidado de enfermeria. Conclusion: El nivel de resiliencia obtenido es alto. Los factores con menor puntaje son Redes y Afectividad. La funcionalidad familiar tendria una relacion significativa con resiliencia. Podemos inferir que la afectividad y una adecuada percepcion de la funcionalidad familiar potenciarian la resiliencia en los familiares de personas hospitalizadas en cuidados intensivos.

Con el objetivo de determinar si la escala de adherencia a la medicación de Morisky de 8 ítems (MMAS-8) es un instrumento útil en adultos mayores hipertensos que acuden a un centro de atención primaria, se realizó un estudio de campo con abordaje cuantitativo de evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas, en ancianos hipertensos del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular de Cabrero, Chile. Los resultados de la escala fueron comparados con la presión arterial y el método de recuento de comprimidos. La evaluación diagnóstica de la escala utilizando los métodos de referencia presión arterial y recuento de comprimidos dio como resultado: sensibilidad: 86%, 85%; especificidad: 56%, 58%; valor predictivo positivo: 60%, 65%; valor predictivo negativo: 84%. 81%. En conclusión, la escala permite detectar de forma simple, y a bajo costo, a personas que no son adherentes a su régimen de tratamiento medicamentoso. In order to determine whether the Morisky 8-item medication adherence (MMAS-8) is a useful instrument in elderly hypertensive patients attending a primary care center, we conducted a field study with a quantitative approach of evaluation of diagnostic tests in elderly hypertensive patients from the Cardiovascular Health Program Health in Cabrero, Chile. The results of the scale were compared with the blood pressure and the pill-count method. The diagnostic evaluation of the scale using the reference methods of blood pressure and pill count resulted: Sensitivity: 86%, 85%; specificity: 56%, 58%; positive predictive value: 60%, 65%; negative predictive value: 84%. 81%. In conclusion, the scale allows to detect in a simple way, and at a low cost, to people who are not adherent to their regimen of drug treatment.

ResumenIntroducciónEl estudio de la enfermedad periodontal (EP) ha presentado resultados imprecisos y heterogéneos debido a diversos factores, entre ellos, los métodos usados en la medición, las diferencias en el momento de definir el grado de afectación y los valores desde los cuales se consideraría que un paciente presenta EP. Existen múltiples índices periodontales utilizados frecuentemente en estudios epidemiológicos, cada uno con sus criterios y protocolos de medición.ObjetivoDeterminar la concordancia del valor de la prevalencia de la EP dada por algunos índices periodontales utilizados.Material y métodoSe realizó un estudio observacional transversal descriptivo en una población de 58 pacientes adultos de 35-44 años pertenecientes al CESFAM Lorenzo Arenas, Concepción, en el año 2013. Los examinadores fueron calibrados. Se realizó un examen con registro de boca completa midiendo 6 sitios por diente, con exclusión de los terceros molares, para medir pérdida de inserción clínica, profundidad de sondaje y hemorragia al sondaje. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el programa estadístico EPIDAT 3.0.ResultadosSe determinaron unos valores de prevalencia de EP muy distintos entre los indicadores evaluados, obteniéndose una variación de incluso 31 puntos en una escala porcentual. El análisis de la concordancia de los índices periodontales con el indicador CDC/AAP mostró que tanto ICEP, como CPI y CPITN lograron un buen valor kappa.ConclusiónA pesar de la gran diversidad de los índices con respecto a su formulación, se observó cierta concordancia entre algunos de ellos.AbstractIntroductionThe study of periodontal disease (PD) has shown inaccurate and heterogeneous results due to various factors, among them: most used methods to measure the illness, differences at the time of deciding the level in which it affects patients and the values from which a patient would be considered to suffer from PD. There are numerous periodontal indexes frequently used in epidemiological studies, each one with different criteria and measurement protocols.ObjectiveTo establish the agreement in PD prevalence value given by some periodontal indexes used.Material and methodA descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 58 adult patients between 35-44 years old belonging to Lorenzo Arenas Primary Health Care Center in Concepcion during the year 2013. All examiners who participated in the study were calibrated. A full mouth registration exam was carried out, measuring 6 places per tooth, not including the third molars, in order to measure the clinical attachment loss, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. The results were analyzed using EPIDAT 3.0 statistical program.ResultsVery different PD prevalence values were obtained using the measured indicators, having a variation of up to 31 points in a percentage scale. The analysis of the agreement in periodontal indexes with the CDC/AAP indicator showed ICEP, CPI and CPITN scored a good kappa value.ConclusionDespite the great diversity of the indices with respect to their formulation, some correlation between them was observed.

Objetivo: exponer los resultados del registro de nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del año 2014 y 2015 del Grupo NADYA-SENPE. Métodos: se recopilaron los pacientes introducidos en el registro desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2014 y la mismas fechas de 2015, y se procedió al análisis descriptivo y analítico de los datos. Resultados: en el año 2014, se registraron 3.749 pacientes y en 2015, 4.202; la prevalencia fue de 80,58 pacientes/millón de habitantes en el año 2014 y de 90,51 en 2015. Por sexos, hubo un 49,9% de mujeres en 2014 y un 50,3% en 2015. La edad media fue de 73 años (IIQ 59-83) en ambos años. Finalizaron 684 episodios de NED en 2014 y 631 en 2015, la causa principal fue el fallecimiento en el 54,9% y 50,4% de los casos, respectivamente. Los portadores de sonda nasogástrica presentan una edad media superior a los pacientes con cualquier otra vía (p < 0,001). Se registraron 67 pacientes pediátricos en 2014 (56,7% niñas) y 77 en 2015 (55,8% niñas). La vía principal de administración fue la gastrostomía en el 52,0% de los casos de 2014 y sonda nasogástrica en el 50,8% de los casos de 2015. La causa principal de fi nalización de la nutrición fue el fallecimiento (57,1% en 2014 y 38,5% en 2015). Se observó que los niños más pequeños eran los que se alimentaban preferentemente por SNG (p 0,004 vs. 0,002).Tanto en pacientes pediátricos como en adultos el diagnóstico principal que motivó la necesidad de NED fue la enfermedad neurológica que cursa con afagia o disfagia severa. Conclusiones: se ha incrementado el número de pacientes del registro, así como el número de centros participantes y el número medio de pacientes comunicados por cada centro respecto a años anteriores, sin que se hayan modificado sustancialmente las características de los pacientes, salvo mayor duración de los episodios, Objective: To present the results of the Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the years 2014 and 2015. Methods: From January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2015 the HEN registry was recorded and afterwards a further descriptive and analytical analysis was done. Results: In 2014, 3749 patients were recorded, and 4202 in 2015; prevalence was 80.58 patients/one million inhabitants in Spain in 2014 and 90.51 in 2015. There were 49.9% females in 2014 and 50.3% in 2015. Median age was 73 years (IQI 59-83) in 2014 as well as in 2015. 684 episodes fi nished in 2014 and 631 in 2015, with death as the main cause, in 54.9% and 50.4%, respectively. The ones who were fed through nasogastric tube had a mean age higher than the ones fed by any other route (p-value < 0.001). Sisty-seven paediatric patients were recorded in 2014 (56.7% females) and 77 in 2015 (55.8% females). Median age at the beginning of HEN among children was 5 months in 2014 and 5 months in 2015. The main route of administration was gastrostomy, in 52.5% in 2014 and nasogastric tube in 50.8% in 2015. 7 episodes fi nished in 2014 and 13 in 2015, having death as the main cause (57.1% in 2014 and 38.5% in 2015). It was found that were younger children the ones who were mainly fed by nasogastric tubes (p-value 0.004 vs. 0.002). Among paediatric patients as well as adults, the main diagnosis leading to HEN was neurological disease which gives aphagia or severe dysphagia. Conclusions: There has been an increase in the number of patients in the registry as well as the participating centers and the number of patients per center, without any signifi cant change in the characteristics of the patients other than longer duration of the episodes

Antecedentes: El control de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es un reto para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar si la atencion proporcionada por los equipos de salud a usuarios/as con enfermedades cardiovasculares cronicas es congruente con el Modelo de Cuidados Cronicos y explorar su efectividad a traves de indicadores de compensacion del programa de salud cardiovascular. Metodos: Se empleo un diseno descriptivo, transversal. Participaron los equipos de salud (9) que otorgan atencion a usuarios cronicos (diabeticos e hipertensos) en Centros de Salud Familiar de un Servicio de Salud del Centro Sur de Chile. Se utilizo el instrumento "Evaluacion de la atencion de enfermedades cronicas" (ACIC) version 3.5 adaptada al castellano Chileno. Se analizaron los Indicadores de compensacion para hipertension arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del programa cardiovascular obtenidos del Resumen Estadistico Mensual de cada centro de salud. Resultados: La atencion otorgada a usuarios/as con enfermedad cronica fue evaluada como apoyo basico a las enfermedades cronicas. La seccion mejor evaluada fue "Organizacion del Sistema de atencion de salud". Las dimensiones con puntajes mas bajos fueron "Integracion de los componentes del modelo" y "Apoyo a la toma de decisiones". Se observo solo una tendencia a correlacion positiva entre la evaluacion de la atencion otorgada a usuarios/as y los indicadores de compensacion para diabetes mellitus tipo 2, no asi para hipertension. Conclusion: La "Organizacion del Sistema de atencion de salud" fue la seccion mejor evaluada del Modelo de Cuidados Cronicos en 9 Centros de Atencion Familiar. No se encontro relacion estadisticamente significativa con los indicadores de compensacion para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertension arterial.

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la intensidad del dolor en los recien nacidos frente a procedimientos de enfermeria, que les fueron realizados con ocasion de los cuidados y tratamiento. Se sustento desde la vision humanista del cuidado de Jean Watson. Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, de corte transversal, cuya poblacion estuvo constituida por recien nacidos hospitalizados en la Unidad de Neonatologia del Hospital Clinico Herminda Martin de Chillan, en el periodo de junio a septiembre del ano 2015. Para Valorar el dolor se aplico la escala de valoracion del dolor de Susan Givens Bell y un cuestionario semiestructurado de variables sociodemograficas. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 52 Recien Nacidos en un porcentaje igual de hombres y mujeres El mayor numero de procedimientos realizados fueron instalacion de sonda orogastrica, puncion venosa y arterial, siendo esta ultima la causante de dolor moderado en el R.N. El nivel de dolor presentado por la muestra, fue en un 42,3% dolor intenso, el 23,1% dolor moderado y en un 34,6 % no presento dolor. El Instrumento presento una confiabilidad con un alfa de Crombach de 0,802. Conclusiones: Los prematuros menores de 37 semanas sintieron mayor dolor que los RN de termino.El peso de nacimiento se observo que a mayor peso mayor es el dolor. El APGAR de nacimiento en el estudio se observo que hay una relacion directa, pero debil, que a mayor APGAR al nacer, mayor es dolor. EnglishABSTRACT: This study was aimed to assess the intensity of pain in newborns against nursing treatments, which were performed during care and treatment. This was sustained from the humanist view of Jean Watson. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study, whose population consisted of newborns hospitalized at the Neonatology Unit of the Herminda Martin Clinical Hospital of Chillan, Chile, in the period between June and September, 2015. In order to assess pain, Susan Givens Bell Assessment Scale was applied, as well as a semi-structured Questionnaire of sociodemographic variables. Results: The sample consisted of 52 newborns in an equal percentage of men and women. The greatest number of procedures was the nasogastric tube insetion, venipuncture and arterial puncture, being the latter the cause of moderate pain in newborns. The level of pain presented by the sample was 42.3% intense pain, 23.1% moderate pain and in 34.6% no pain was presented. The instrument presented reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.802. Conclusions: Premature infants under 37 weeks felt greater pain than full-term newborns. Regarding Barth weight, it was observed that the greater the weight, the grater the pain. Birth APGAR in the study indicated that there is a direct but weak relation and the higher APGAR at birth, the greater the pain.

El maltrato infantil (MI) es considerado un problema de salud publica mundial, ocurre en todos los paises y en todos los grupos sociales y religiosos. El trabajo de los odontologos implica la atencion de gran cantidad de ninos y en sesiones sucesivas lo que pone al profesional en un lugar privilegiado para la deteccion del MI. El proposito de esta investigacion fue describir el conocimiento y la actitud frente al MI de los odontologos pertenecientes a los nueve centros asistenciales de salud de Concepcion, Chile. Se realizo un estudio exploratorio de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se confecciono una encuesta que recogio datos demograficos, conocimiento, actitud, sospecha y denuncia sobre MI. La poblacion de estudio consistio en 53 odontologos. Las pruebas estadisticas utilizadas fueron Chi cuadrado y Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney U). En general el conocimiento es satisfactorio. Del 43,3% que declara haber sospechado alguna vez sobre casos de MI, solo el 56,5% lo ha denunciado. Se encontro diferencia significativa (p: 0,0326) al relacionar las variables de genero y conocimiento, siendo mayor en las mujeres. Sin embargo entre las variables genero y actitud no hubo diferencia. Las variables: origen de la informacion recibida, numero de anos de trabajo, numero de ninos atendidos a la semana y estudios de postgrado resultaron independientes con respecto al numerode respuestas correctas de conocimiento. El origen de la fuente de informacion no se observo en la formacion de pregrado de los profesionles, por esto se plantea entonces la necesidad de incorporar o reforzar el tema del MI en las asignaturas de pregrado en las Facultades de Odontologia de la region.

Al artículo pretende poner de manifiesto la situación actual de la narrativa juvenil contemporánea española de viajes y aventuras, así como su puesta en valor en la formación lectora de los estudiantes de Secundaria. El análisis literario de estas novelas y de los antecedentes de este subgénero narrativo, y el establecimiento de un canon literario actualizado nos proporcionan las bases para definir una poética de la novela de aventuras. Article aims to highlight the current status of youth in contemporary Spanish narrative of travel and adventure, and its value in the reader training secondary students. Literary analysis of these novels and narrative history of this subgenre, and the establishment of a literary canon to date we provide the basis to define a poetics of adventure novels.

A prospective, controlled, and randomized clinical study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the influence of somatostatin in the evolution of acute pancreatitis. One hundred patients were randomly divided into two groups, a control group (n = 50 patients) and a somatostatin group (n = 50 patients to whom a dosage of 250 micrograms/h was administered for 48 h following a bolus of 250 micrograms at the beginning of therapy). The two groups were homogeneous in age, sex, etiology, and severity of clinical picture (on admission). The following parameters were compared in the two groups: 1. Evolution of the Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) findings on admission and after 48 h; 2. Length of hospital stay; 3. Need for surgery; and 4. Mortality. The results from the CT scans showed a significant statistical difference in favor of somatostatin regarding the evolution of pancreatic lesions and length of stay in the hospital. Another study using a larger sample would be required in order to evaluate the rest of the parameters.