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Thompson, Paul D., Lundskog, Chanté L., Dittmer, Drew E. (2022): A Successful Reintroduction of Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) through Repatriation of Recently Hatched Larvae. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110 (1): 131-137, DOI: 10.1643/h2021045, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/h2021045

Gangsterrap och dess eventuella kopplingar till kriminalitet har under senaste tiden varit omskrivet och omdebatterat i svensk media. Studiens syfte har varit att analysera hur svensk media framställer gangsterrap som ett fenomen relaterat till brottsutveckling samt vilka konsekvenser en sådan framställning kan innebära. Syfte och frågeställningar har besvarats med hjälp av Carol Bacchis diskursanalytiska metod What’s the problem represented to be?, vilken också utgjorde studiens teoretiska ramverk. Under analysen identifierades tre problemrepresentationer som framställer “gangsterrap” som ett problem kopplat till brottsutveckling: “Gangsterrap är en integrerad del av gängkriminalitet”, “Gangsterrap bidrar till att unga blir kriminella” samt “Gangsterrap leder till grövre kriminalitet”. Två teman identifierades kopplat till vilka effekter problemrepresentationerna skulle kunna innebära. Det första var att termen gangsterrap kan ha en begränsande effekt för dem som förknippas med epitetet. Den andra effekten som framkom var att problemrepresentationerna reproducerar en förståelse av vi/dem.

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är en viktig del av omvårdnadsarbetet. Humor möjliggör för kommunikation, hantering av känslor och främjande av relationer mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten. Patienter anser oftast att det är positivt att sjuksköterskor använder sig av humor om det används i rätt kontext. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av humor i kommunikationen med patienter. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på åtta empiriska kvalitativa studier. Studierna hittades i fyra databaser, Cinahl, PubMed, Scopus och APA PsycInfo. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre teman och sju subteman. Temana är ‘Stärker den egna utvecklingen’, ‘Möjliggör ett samspel’ och ‘Reflekterar möjligheter och begränsningar’. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor använder humor som ett sätt att etablera relationer till sina patienter. Humorn ses som ett effektivt kommunikationsverktyg för sjuksköterskan. Sjuksköterskor använder humor som en strategi i omvårdnadsarbetet och samtidigt som ett sätt att hantera ilska, stress och frustrerande känslor, en coping-strategi, ett sätt för sjuksköterskor att få mental vila och ro. Humorn bör anpassas till situationen och personerna. Sjuksköterskor tycker oftast att det är positivt när patienter använder humor. Background: Communication is an important part of nursing. Humor enables communication, helps with dealing with emotions and building a relationship between nurse and patient. Patients usually think that it is positive that the nurse uses humor if it is used in the right context. Aim: The aim is to illustrate nurses’ experiences of humor in communication with patients. Method: A literature study based on eight empirical qualitative studies. The studies were collected from four databases: Cinahl, PubMed, Scopus and APA PsycInfo. Results: The result is presented in three themes and seven subthemes. The themes are ‘Strengthens own development’, ‘Enables an interaction’ and ‘Reflects opportunities and limitations’. Conclusion: Nurses use humor as a way to establish relationships with patients. Humor is viewed as an effective communication tool for the nurse. Nurses use humor as a strategy in nursing and as a way to deal with anger, stress and frustrating emotions. Furthermore, the nurses use humor as a coping strategy and as a way for them to get mental rest. Humor should be adjusted to the situation and the people. Nurses usually think it is positive when patients use humor.

Around 95% of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy experience cutaneous side effects, and some develop radiation wounds or fibrosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for these indications. We show here that plasminogen administration enhanced the healing of radiation wounds via pleiotropic effects on gene expression. Using RNA sequencing, we found that plasminogen downregulated the expression of genes in the TLR, TNF, WNT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways, and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of arachidonic acid, leading to significantly decreased inflammation and improved remodeling of granulation tissue compared with placebo treatment. In addition, plasminogen induced metabolic changes, including decreased glycolysis. Importantly, many of the factors downregulated by plasminogen are pro-fibrotic. Therefore, in radiation wounds with excessive inflammation, plasminogen is able to enhance and redirect the healing process, such that it more closely resembles physiological healing with significantly reduced risk for developing fibrosis. This makes plasminogen an attractive drug candidate for the treatment of radiation wounds in cancer patients.

The decoupling of epitaxial factors influencing on the dynamic instabilities of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistors is investigated. Three different sets of samples have been analyzed by means of dynamic instabilities in the threshold voltage (V$_{\mathrm{th}}$ shift). Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, steady-state photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been performed in conjunction with electrical characterization. The device dynamic performance is found to be significantly dependent on both the C concentration close to the channel as well as on the distance between the channel and the higher doped C region. Additionally, we note that experiments studying trapping should avoid large variations in the sheet carrier density (N$_{\mathrm{s}}$). This change in the N$_{\mathrm{s}}$ itself has a significant impact on the V$_{\mathrm{th}}$ shift. This experimental trends are also supported by a basic model and device simulation. Finally, the relationship between the yellow luminescence (YL) and the band edge (BE) ratio and the V$_{\mathrm{th}}$ shift is investigated. As long as the basic layer structure is not changed, the YL/BE ratio obtained from steady-state PL is demonstrated to be a valid method in predicting trap concentrations in the GaN channel layer.

This thesis covers a degree project for a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering degree and is written on behalf of Valmet AB. The purpose of the project is to evaluate and analyse the differences between CATIA and E3D and conclude which of the software is most suitable for on-machine tubing and piping design at Valmet. The tubing and piping modules in CATIA are currently used but is considered somewhat ineffective. E3D is also used at Valmet but in another branch of engineering design, namely field pipe engineering. The analysis is done using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) which is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodology developed to aid in complex decision-making problems. The methodology follows a six-step process which results in a prioritized ranking or relative weight of both alternatives with respect to the established criteria and sub-criteria for selection. A total of four main criteria and 12 sub-criteria for the selection of the most suitable CAD system were identified and analysed with the help of relevant personnel in various departments such as engineering, purchasing and management The results of the project conclude that E3D is the preferred CAD system for on-machine tubing and piping at Valmet with regards to the given criteria and sub-criteria. The criteria that favoured E3D most were the availability of the systems, meaning the possibility that Valmet can outsource projects to consultants, as well as the more effective 3D modelling process. However, the results are not heavily one-sided which suggest that more research should be done before a final decision can be taken. The suggested further research includes looking at the in-direct implications of using a new CAD system such as computer updates and the usage of a new PLM system. Moreover, the actual performance of 3D modelling using the two systems is beyond the scope of this thesis and would have to be further researched in another thesis or a pilot case.

Skin damage caused by radiation therapy (radiodermatitis) is a severe side effect of radiotherapy in cancer patients, and there is currently a lack of effective strategies to prevent or treat such skin damage. In this work, we show with several lines of evidence that plasminogen, a pro-inflammatory factor, is key for the development of radiodermatitis. After skin irradiation in wild-type (plg+/+) mice, the plasminogen level increased in the irradiated area, leading to severe skin damage such as ulcer formation. However, plasminogen-deficient (plg−/−) mice and mice lacking plasminogen activators were mostly resistant to radiodermatitis. Moreover, treatment with a plasminogen inhibitor, tranexamic acid, decreased radiodermatitis in plg+/+ mice and prevented radiodermatitis in plg+/− mice. Together with studies at the molecular level, we report that plasmin is required for the induction of inflammation after irradiation that leads to radiodermatitis, and we propose that inhibition of plasminogen activation can be a novel treatment strategy to reduce and prevent the occurrence of radiodermatitis in patients.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inverse) (HS) is a chronic skin disease primarily affecting hair follicles. The aetiology of HS is unknown, but infection is believed to play some role. This retrospective study investigated the microbial colonization directly in skin appendices in HS skin samples. Archival samples from 27 patients with HS were screened by immunofluorescence labelling with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against Gram-positive bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for further species identification of Staphylococcus spp. Overall, 17 patients (63%) were found positive for bacterial colonization. Of these, 15 showed colonization in hair follicles and/or sinus tracts. The most commonly identified bacteria were DAPI labelled coccoids that were seen in 71% of the positive patients in the form of biofilms and microcolonies. P. acnes was found as biofilms in hair follicles of two patients. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were not detected in any sample. The results of this study indicate a common bacterial presence in HS skin lesions. Bacterial biofilms are not uncommon and their pathogenic role needs further evaluation.

Folliculitis is a common inflammatory skin syndrome. Several microbial organisms have been put forward as causative agents, but few studies visualized microbes directly in inflamed hair follicles. This retrospective study investigated bacterial and fungal colonization of inflamed hair follicles in patients with clinically diagnosed non-infectious folliculitis. Skin biopsies from 39 folliculitis patients and 27 controls were screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using broad-range bacterial and fungal probes and by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody towards Gram-positive bacteria. Specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies towards Staphylococcus spp. and Propionibacterium acnes were applied for further species identification. Inflamed follicles were associated with bacterial colonization in 10 samples (26%) and fungal colonization in three samples (8%). Staphylococcus spp. were observed in inflamed follicles in seven samples (18%). Two samples were positive for P. acnes, which were identified as either type II or type IB/type III. Both Staphylococcus spp. and P. acnes were seen in macrocolonies/biofilm structures. In conclusion, one-third of patients with clinically diagnosed, non-infectious folliculitis exhibited microbial colonization with predominance of Staphylococcus spp.

InGaN quantum dots (QDs) formed on top of GaN pyramids have been fabricated by means of selective area growth employing hot wall MOCVD. Upon regrowth of a patterned substrate, the growth will solely occur in the holes, which evolve into epitaxially grown wurtzite based pyramids. These pyramids are subsequently overgrown by a thin optically active InGaN well. The QDs are preferably nucleating at the apices of the pyramids as evidenced by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The emission from these QDs have been monitored by means of microphotoluminescence (μPL), in which single emission lines have been detected with a sub-meV line width. The μPL measurements undoubtedly reveal that the QDs are located in the apexes of the pyramids, since the sharp emission peaks can only be monitored as the excitation laser is focused on the apices in the µPL. It is also demonstrated that the emission energy can be changed in a controlled way by altering the growth conditions, like the growth temperature and/or composition, for the InGaN layers. The tip of the GaN pyramid is on the nm scale and can be made sharp or slightly truncated. TEM analysis combined with µPL results strongly indicate that the Stranski-Krastanow growth modepreferably is taking place at the microscopic c-plane truncation of the GaN pyramid. Single emission lines with a high degree of polarization is a common feature observed for individual QDs. This emission remains unchanged with increasing the excitation power and sample temperature. An in-plane elongated QD forming a shallow potential with an equal number of electrons and holes is proposed to explain the observed characteristics of merely a single exciton emission with a high degree of polarization.

Morphological variations of gallium polar (0001) oriented hexagonal GaN pyramids grown by hotwall metal organic chemical vapor deposition under various growth conditions are investigated. The stabi ...

An early diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma is of high importance for good prognosis. An objective, non-invasive instrument could improve the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma and decrease unnecessary biopsies. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Near-infrared and skin impedance spectroscopy in combination as a tool to distinguish between malignant and benign skin tumours.Near-infrared and skin impedance spectra were collected in vivo on 50 naevi or suspect melanomas prior to excision. Received data were analysed using multivariate techniques and the results were compared to histopathology analyses of the tumours. A total of 12 cutaneous malignant melanomas, 19 dysplastic naevi and 19 benign naevi were included in the study.The observed sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method were 83% and 95%, respectively, for malignant melanoma.The results indicate that the combination of near-infrared and skin impedance spectroscopy is a promising tool for non-invasive diagnosis of suspect cutaneous malignant melanomas.

Summary Background Acne vulgaris is a disorder of the sebaceous follicles. Propionibacterium acnes can be involved in inflammatory acne. Objectives This case-control study aimed at investigating ...

Rosacea is a common skin disease in adults affecting mainly the facial skin. Although inflammation appears to play a pathogenic role in rosacea, initiating factors are largely unknown. Microbial involvement in the development of rosacea has been suggested previously. We aimed to visualize Propionibacterium acnes in the skin compartments of rosacea patients. Facial skin biopsies from 82 rosacea patients and 25 controls were stained with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (QUBPa3). Seven of 82 patients (8.5%) tested positive for P. acnes which was present either as a biofilm (57% of positive) or a microcolony (43%) in colonized patients. Our results suggest that P. acnes does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

Optical characterization of single quantum dots (QDs) by means of micro-photoluminescence (μPL) will be reviewed. Both QDs formed in the Stranski–Krastanov mode as well as dots in the apex of pyramidal structures will be presented. For InGaAs/GaAs dots, several excitonic features with different charge states will be demonstrated. By varying the magnitude of an external electric or magnetic field and/or the temperature, it has been demonstrated that the transportation of carriers is affected and accordingly the charge state of a single QD can be tuned. In addition, we have shown that the charge state of the QD can be controlled also by pure optical means, i.e. by altering the photo excitation conditions. Based on the experience of the developed InAs/GaAs QD system, similar methods have been applied on the InGaN/GaN QD system. The coupling of LO phonons to the QD emission is experimentally examined for both charged and neutral excitons in single InGaAs/GaAs QDs in the apex of pyramidal structures. It is shown that the positively charged exciton exhibits a significantly weaker LO phonon coupling in the μPL spectra than the neutral and negatively charged species, a fact, which is in consistency with model simulations performed.

Some aspects of the chloride-based CVD growth process have been investigated by using both the approach to add HCl to the standard precursors or/and by using the single molecule precursor methyltrichlorosilane (MTS). The efficiency of the process for different precursors, the growth rate stability and the effect that the Cl/Si-ratio has on the growth have been studied. MTS is showed to be the most efficient precursor; the growth can be hindered by to much chlorine in the gas mixture. The Cl/Si-ratio is also found to be a process parameter that affects the amount of incorporated nitrogen in the epilayers.

Currently, up to 50% of the channel temperature in AlGaN/GaN electronic devices is due to the thermal-boundary resistance (TBR) associated with the nucleation layer (NL) needed between GaN and SiC substrates for high-quality heteroepitaxy. Using 3-D time-resolved Raman thermography, it is shown that modifying the NL used for GaN on SiC epitaxy from the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown standard AlN-NL to a hot-wall MOCVD-grown AlN-NL reduces NL TBR by 25%, resulting in ~10% reduction of the operating temperature of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Considering the exponential relationship between device lifetime and temperature, lower TBR NLs open new opportunities for improving the reliability of AlGaN/GaN devices.

We demonstrated successful growth of AlN at a temperature of 1200 °C in a set of hot-wall MOCVD systems with the possibility of straightforward scaling up the process on larger wafer areas to meet the demand of device technologies. We outlined several aspects of the carefully optimized design and process parameters with relevance to achievement of a high overall growth rate (1 and up to 2 μm/h), efficiency, and uniformity, which to a great extent depends on how consumption of growth-limiting species by gas-phase adduct formation can actively be prevented. Mixing of the precursors upstream from the deposition area facilitates uniform epitaxial growth, while the greater uniformity of substrate temperature inherent to the hot-wall reactor and rotation of the wafer are of fundamental importance for layer-growth uniformity. The AlN layer thickness can be controlled with an accuracy of ±1.3% on 2 in. wafers. The low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectrum of the AlN epitaxial material is strongly dominated by ...

Møter mellom fysioterapeut og pasient finner sted i ansikt-til-ansikt situasjoner der partene må forholde seg til hverandre, både gjennom samtale og kroppslige samspill. Allikevel fins lite forskning om fysioterapibehandling som sosial praksis. Således ses et behov for forskning som retter oppmerksomhet mot samhandlingen mellom partene. Med kroppslige og verbale samspill i sentrum for interessen er hensikten med studien å løfte frem potensialer av terapeutisk verdi for fysioterapifaget generelt. Det er tatt utgangspunkt i én fysioterapibehandling i psykiatrien, hvor fokus har vært på hvordan pasienten stimuleres til deltakelse, og hva slags erfarings- og meningsverden som utvikles når det gjelder pasientens kroppslige problemer og plager. Til å belyse problemformuleringen er det foretatt en kvalitativ studie med videoobservasjon, der selve interaksjonsprosessen mellom terapeut og pasient har vært gjenstand for analyse. Videomaterialet er strategisk valgt med henblikk på å belyse problemformuleringen, og studien er forankret i hermeneutikk og fenomenologi. Av materialet kommer det frem at både pasient og terapeut er orientert mot kroppen som kilde til opplevelse og erfaring, og at de ser kroppslige reaksjoner og væremåter i sammenheng med levd liv. Situasjonen er preget av at fysioterapeuten bruker sin faglige autoritet til å gjøre pasienten til en likeverdig deltaker i behandlingen. Fysioterapeuten fremstår målrettet, involvert og engasjert på måter som synes å fremme pasientens deltakelse, og hun stimulerer pasienten til å ta initiativ til å komme med seg og sitt. Det ses imidlertid også innslag av handlingsiver som synes å gå på bekostning av pasientens deltakelse. Ytterligere viser materialet at fysioterapeuten har vedvarende oppmerksomhet på pasientens reaksjoner, og at hun oppfordrer til språkliggjøring av opplevelser og erfaringer. Herigjennom utfordres pasienten til grenseoverskridelse i god forstand. Dette tilsier at det ligger terapeutisk verdi i å stimulere pasienter til deltakelse gjennom å gjøre deres erfarings- og meningsverden relevant.

A time-resolved micro-Raman technique was developed to probe the transient voltage in the GaN buffer layer of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure devices. The transient potential distribution under Ohmic contacts of devices behaved like a capacitance-resistance coupled network, with a decrease in amplitude and phase shift of the potential as a function of operating voltage frequency. This phenomenon was used to extract a value of 0.6 M Omega/square for sheet resistance of the AIN nucleation layer at the GaN/SiC interface from the characteristic RC value of the network. This demonstrates the effectiveness of this voltage probe technique as a non-invasive method of characterizing nucleation layers.

The energy position of a dip observed in the IR-reflectance spectra recorded from wurtzite c-plane AlxGa1-xN epitaxial films grown on SiC substrate reflects the composition of the alloy. A calibration procedure is presented with the possibility of mapping for large area wafer. The technique is non-destructive, scalable and fast. The limitations are discussed and comparisons with other techniques are made.

In this study some aspects of the chloride-based CVD growth process have been investigated by using both the approach to add HCl to the standard precursors and by using the single molecule precurso ...