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O jejum intermitente (JI) tem sido alvo de investigações cientí­ficas para melhorar a saúde e aumentar a longevidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos metabólicos de dois protocolos de JI, 6 e 12h, em comparação à restrição dietética. Foram utilizados 28 ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, divididos em 4 Grupos (n=7): Controle (C) - dieta padrão ad libitum; Jejum 12h (J12); Jejum 6h (J6) - jejum por 6h e Grupo Restrição dietética de 20% (RD). Foram coletados peso corporal, consumo alimentar, ingestão hí­drica, excreção urinária e fecal. Na quarta semana foram realizados os testes comportamentais para sistema motor, depressão e memória. Ao final das cinco semanas de estudo foi realizada a eutanásia com coleta de sangue, órgãos e gordura abdominal. O estresse oxidativo foi mensurado pela determinação das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e glutationa reduzida (GSH) hepática. O jejum de 6 e 12h, bem como a RD não influenciaram ganho de peso, CEA, ingestão hí­drica, excreção urinária e os testes comportamentais. Entretanto, ambos protocolos de jejum resultaram em menor bolo fecal, concentrações séricas de creatinina, hepáticas de GSH e peso de cérebro sem alterar os testes comportamentais, em comparação ao Grupo RD. O jejum de 6h promoveu maiores concentrações séricas de colesterol total e de AST. Ressalta-se que o Grupo J12 apresentou maior peso de fí­gado e o Grupo RD maior quantidade de gordura abdominal. Conclui-se que os protocolos de jejum de 6 e 12h apresentaram melhores efeitos metabólicos em comparação à restrição calórica de 20%.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To compare social characteristics, risk behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections among travestis and transsexual women. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities in Goiás, Central Brazil. Trans women were interviewed on sociodemographic characteristics, discrimination, prejudice, sexual behavior, illicit drugs, and previous testing for HIV and syphilis between April 2018 and August 2019. Results: A total of 166 travestis and 249 transsexual women were investigated. Although sexual, physical, and verbal violence were common to both groups, sexual behavior, use of illicit drugs, prison, and previous positive HIV and syphilis testing were more frequent among travestis than in transsexual women. Conclusion: The present findings confirm that Brazilian travestis are at greater risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI), indicating that health services should take this imbalance into account in terms of health intervention proportions.

ABSTRACT Objective: identify and analyze aspects related to social vulnerability of a group of teenagers of a public all-day school with regard to harmful and abusive use of psychoactive drugs. Methods: a strategic social study, with a qualitative approach, was carried out with 49 teenagers of a public all-day secondary school. Focus groups were carried out between 2016 and 2017, and the resulting material was transcribed and analyzed by means of thematic content analysis, resulting in the following categories: The family I come from; Birds of a feather; If I’m studying, how can I work?; Drugs: a non-parallel universe. Results: social vulnerability was associated with unequal income distribution, fragile social relations affected by the harmful use of drugs and vulnerability of public all-day schools. Final considerations: all-day schools did not appear as an effective tool to break away with the context of social vulnerability regarding the use of drugs.

Estudo qualitativo, teoricamente sustentado no conceito de vulnerabilidade social conforme Castel e, metodologicamente, na perspectiva construtivista da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O objetivo foi compreender, sob a óptica da Bioecologia do Desenvolvimento Humano, os fenômenos sociais vivenciados por adolescentes atendidos em um Centro de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS). As estratégias utilizadas para coleta de dados foram a observação e entrevistas na técnica de grupo focal. A amostragem teórica consistiu em dez encontros, entre agosto e dezembro de 2015, com vinte adolescentes. Os dados analisados demonstram a existência de um complexo multifatorial nas dinâmicas familiar e comunitária, que submete o adolescente à opressão ou à superação das suas limitações, explicitado no fenômeno central: “sobrevivendo”. Conclui-se que a compreensão das contradições inerentes à realidade dos adolescentes poderá subsidiar estratégias promotoras dos direitos dessas pessoas, o que favorece um desenvolvimento saudável.

Abstract Background In recent decades the epidemic of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections has extended deep into Brazil, including small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), and to evaluate immunization coverage against hepatitis B in a group of rural workers in Brazil. Methods In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 manual sugarcane cutters of the Midwest and Northeast Regions of Brazil. All individuals were interviewed and screened for HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV. Correlating factors with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. Positive Predictive Values, Negative Predictive Values, sensitivity and specificity were also calculated relative to vaccination against Hepatitis B, comparing anti-HBs titers to vaccination reports. Results Most reported previous hospitalization (55%), occupational injuries (54%), sharing of personal items (45.8%), alcohol consumption (77.2%), multiple sexual partners in previous 12 months (39.8%), and no condom use during sexual intercourse in last 12 months (46.5%). Only 0.2% reported using injection drugs. Anti-HIV-1 was detected in three individuals (0.3%). Serological markers of lifetime syphilis (treponemal test) were detected in 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6–3.6) of participants, and active syphilis (treponemal test and VDRL) present in 1.2%. No samples were positive for anti-HCV. The prevalence of lifetime HBV infection (current or past infection) was 15.9%, and 0.7% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.5) were HBsAg-positive. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.53, CI 1.05–2.24, p

Research involving estimation of post-harvest losses of vegetables is limited in the state of Maranhão (MA), however, they are essential to identify of causes of losses, as well as for reducing them. The objective of the current study was to describe the cultivation and post-harvest losses of vegetables in the municipalities of Anapuru, Belágua, Chapadinha, Mata Roma, São Benedito and Urbano Santos, state of Maranhão, northern Brazil. The information was obtained by questionnaires given to the traders from the main vegetable trading centres for each municipality. The questions covered the socioeconomic aspects of handling, transportation, storage and commercialization of vegetables. While many traders had a full secondary education (37%), they have little technical knowledge of production, management (83%) and marketing (82%) of vegetables. Cultivation is carried out mainly in greenhouses (77%), with many vegetables coming from other states (89%), such as Ceará, via asphalted roads (100%). Physiological disorders, such as rapid maturation, wilting and budding, were the main causes of loss. Rank losses, in order of decreasing losses were: tomato (18.38 ± 0.39%) > potato (13.82 ± 0.11%) > bell pepper (10.13 ± 0.07%) > carrot (9.35 ± 0), 09%) > onion (7.31 ± 0.15%) > lettuce (6.16 ± 0.15%). The losses were significant and there is a clear need for training on good post-harvest practices, effective management of the quantity offered, and government incentives to expand the olericulture in the Chapadinha microregion. = Pesquisas referentes à estimativa de perdas pós-colheita de hortaliças são limitadas no estado do Maranhão (MA), entretanto, são necessárias para a identificação das causas, bem como para a redução dos prejuízos. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar a comercialização e levantar as perdas póscolheita de hortaliças nos municípios de Anapurus, Belágua, Chapadinha, Mata Roma, São Benedito e Urbano Santos, localizados no estado do Maranhão. As informações foram obtidas por questionários aplicados aos comerciantes dos principais estabelecimentos de comercialização de hortaliças dos referidos municípios. As perguntas abrangeram os aspectos socioeconômicos, de manuseio, transporte, armazenamento e comercialização de hortaliças. Os comerciantes têm baixo conhecimento técnico de produção, gestão (83%) e comercialização (82%) de hortaliças, com ensino médio completo (37%). A comercialização é realizada, principalmente, em verdurões (77%), cujas hortaliças são oriundas de outros estados (89%), como o Ceará, através de estradas asfaltadas (100%). As desordens fisiológicas, como o rápido amadurecimento, murchamento e brotamento, foram os principais fatores causadores de perdas. A ordem decrescente de perdas foi: tomate (18,38±0,39%) > batata (13,82 ± 0,11%) > pimentão (10,13 ± 0,07%) > cenoura (9,35 ± 0,09%) > cebola (7,31 ± 0,15%) > alface (6,16 ± 0,15%). As perdas foram expressivas, havendo, desse modo, necessidade de capacitação dos comerciantes quanto às boas práticas pós-colheita, adequado gerenciamento da quantidade ofertada e incentivo governamental à expansão da olericultura na microrregião de Chapadinha.

This study aimed to perform in silico analyses of the primary and secondary structures of the bovine chemokine receptor CXCR1, the non-polymorphic and A122V-harboring polymorphic proteins to predict differences. Two sequences of the CXCR1 protein of Bos taurus cattle were selected from the non-redundant protein sequence database UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: a) a non-polymorphic sequence (A7KWG0), with alanine (A) at position 122, and b) a sequence harboring the causal polymorphism A122V with substitution by valine (V) at the same position. Protein primary and secondary structures were analyzed using the ProtParam program and Chou & Fasman Protein Secondary Structure Prediction CFSSP algorithm. No differences in physical or chemical parameters were predicted from the primary structure of the two bovine protein sequences. The presence of a helix domain situated between positions 100 and 150 was only found in the non-polymorphic CXCR1 protein. Amino acid residues with different biochemical features were detected at position 122 in the ruminant and human CXCR1 protein sequences, suggesting that this peptide seems to be highly polymorphic in vertebrates. Findings described herein predict differences in the secondary structure pattern of non-polymorphic and polymorphic A122V-harboring CXCR1 proteins using bioinformatics tools.

Objective: to know the conceptions of parents of adolescent students about the sexuality of their children. Methods: it is a qualitative research modality Strategic Research, using focus groups guided by a semi structured instrument with 15 parents of adolescent students. The data were analyzed by content analysis in which the following categories emerged: “Understanding aspects related to sexuality”; “Difficulties for dialogue”; “Facilities for dialogue”; and “The tasks of the family and the school to support the theme.” Results: parents had superficial knowledge and misconceptions on the subject. Great difficulty of dialogue between parents and children has been identified, justified by ignorance and timidity of parents and the lack of opening of the adolescent, still, there was recognition of family responsibility in this context. Conclusion: there is need for expansion of intersectoral work involving segments of the education, health and universities to support families with information about sexuality in the school context.

RESUMOObjetivo:analisar concepções de adolescentes escolares da educação básica sobre drogas em geral.Método:abordagem qualitativa de grupos focais com 16 adolescentes estudantes. Os dados coletados foram analisados por Análise de Conteúdo, onde emergiram as seguintes categorias “Significado de drogas”; “Convivendo com o uso de drogas”; “Opiniões, crenças e atitudes em relação ao uso de drogas” e “Prevenindo o uso indevido de drogas na adolescência”.Resultados:os adolescentes conhecem algumas drogas associando o uso à marginalidade e à criminalidade. Identifi caram fatores que levam ao consumo abusivo de drogas como fácil acesso, uso familiar e com grupos de amigos, ociosidade, abandono escolar e vulnerabilidade característica da adolescência.Conclusão:os resultados demonstram a necessidade da implementação de trabalhos educativos no contexto em que os adolescentes vivem, seja escolar, social e familiar de modo a apoiar e minimizar as diversas vulnerabilidades dos adolescentes.

Introduction: Hepatic capillariosis, caused by Capillaria hepatica (Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), is a common zoonosis in rodents but is rare in humans. Seventy-two cases in humans have been reported worldwide since the first case was described by MACARTHUR in 192417,27. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in humans and rodents in an urban area of Porto Velho, the capital of Rondônia, in Brazil. Methods: After conducting a census of the area, 490 residents were randomly selected, and, after signing a term of consent, provided blood samples that were screened for anti-Capillaria hepatica antibodies. Simultaneously, rats were captured to assess the prevalence of this parasite in rodents by histopathological examination in liver sections. Results: A prevalence of 1.8% was found among residents who had specific antibodies at a dilution of 1:150, indicating exposure to parasite eggs; 0.8% of the subjects also had positive titers at a dilution of 1:400, indicating true infection. The prevalence in rats was 2%. Conclusions: The prevalence of infection with this parasite among humans and rats was low. While the prevalence encountered among humans was within the limits reported in the literature, the prevalence among rodents was much lower.

Objetivo: identificar contenidos relacionados con la temática sexualidad en las redes municipal y estatal de enseñanza; e identificar dificultades y necesidades de los docentes en el enfoque temático. Métodos: estudio transversal con 79 docentes de las instituciones educativas mediante cuestionario auto administrado. Para análisis, se utilizó como criterio pertenecer a la red municipal o estatal. Resultado: mayoría de los profesores trabaja en la red estatal de enseñanza. La temática sexualidad no es trabajada según el Parámetro Curricular Nacional. Profesores de la red municipal trabajan más el tema embarazo (p=0,04), y más citado por profesores del sistema estatal para formación (p=0,03). Mayoría sin experiencia y formación en la temática (p=0,04). Conclusión: son necesarias alianzas con el área de la salud para instrumentalización del profesor. Es importante reconocer la actuación del enfermero en el trabajo de la educación sexual como componente esencial en la atención integral para fortalecer el área de la salud escolar.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the use of male condoms in adolescents and young adults from urban settlement areas in a city of central-western Brazil. This is a cross-sectional investigation with 105 adolescents and young students aged 12 to 24 years, which used a structured questionnaire. Of the total number of interviewees, 61 (58.1%) had started their sexual life; of these, only 38.3% reported regular condom use. Education over six years (p=0.02), access to sexuality information with parents (p=0.05) and at school (p=0.04) were factors associated with condom use. The results confirm the importance of investing in health policies that invest in working together among healthcare professionals, families and educational institutions, in order to minimize the vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Objetivo: identificar os significados do cuidado de enfermagem para cuidadores principais de indivíduos adultos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em hospital da Região Central do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de maio a novembro de 2014, em 220 cuidadores principais, sendo utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Investigação aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (parecer 031/2009). Resultados: foram identificadas as seguintes categorias nos depoimentos: relações afetivas e o cuidado; enfermagem e o modelo vocacional-religioso; subalternidade profissional e satisfação do cliente e o cuidado. Conclusão: os cuidadores ainda possuem visão restrita e limitada a respeito da enfermagem, não considerando que a profissão atua com rigor científico baseado em evidências, e articulado à utilidade social. Os achados oferecem ponto de partida para o planejamento de intervenções que traduzam o conhecimento produzido pela enfermagem aos cuidadores principais no ambiente hospitalar, grupo formador de opinião intra e extra-hospitalar. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the meanings of nursing care to primary caregivers of adults with chronic noncommunicable diseases at a hospital in the Central Region of Brazil. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study was conducted by semi-structured interviews of 220 primary caregivers, from May to November 2014, and using content analysis technique. The study had research ethics committee approval (opinion 031/2009). Results: the following categories were identified in the transcriptions: affective relationships and care; nursing and the vocational-religious model; professional subordination and client satisfaction and care. Conclusion: caregivers still have a narrow and limited view of nursing, and do not consider that the profession acts with scientific evidence-based rigor and in articulation with social utility. The findings offer a starting point for planning interventions that translate the knowledge produced by nursing to primary caregivers in the hospital setting, who are opinion leaders, as a group, inside and outside the hospital. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los significados del cuidado de enfermería para cuidadores principales de individuos adultos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en un hospital de la Región Central de Brasil. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas en el período de mayo a noviembre de 2014, junto a 220 cuidadores principales, siendo utilizada la técnica de análisis de contenido. Investigación aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación (dictamen 031/2009). Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías de resultados: relaciones afectivas y el cuidado, enfermería y el modelo vocacional-religioso, subalternidad profesional y satisfacción del cliente y el cuidado. Conclusión: los cuidadores todavía tienen visión restringida y limitada respecto a la enfermería, no considerando que la profesión actúe con rigor científico basado en evidencias y articulada a la utilidad social. Los hallazgos ofrecen un punto de partida para la planificación de intervenciones que traduzcan el conocimiento producido por la enfermería a los cuidadores principales en el ambiente hospitalario, grupo formador de opinión intra y extrahospitalario. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.15493

Estudo sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas por professores ao trabalhar a temática orientação sexual no ambiente escolar, visando desenvolver práticas pedagógicas educativas centradas na prevenção. O objetivo geral foi desenvolver e analisar junto aos professores, de um colégio público localizado na região leste do município de Goiânia/Goiás, o processo de conscientização crítica para a construção de estratégias educativas de prevenção e promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos alunos. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, com enfoque na pesquisa-ação. Participaram da pesquisa um grupo de educadores composto por professores, diretora e coordenadores do período matutino do colégio. Para a obtenção dos dados utilizamos encontros grupais, a observação participante e a entrevista individual, ocorrida no período de abril de 2006 a março de 2007. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir da descrição analítica dos encontros grupais e de discussão à luz do referencial teórico. O resultado desta investigação nos mostrou que o movimento do grupo favoreceu o processo de conscientização crítica dos professores acerca da complexidade do trabalho de orientação sexual no ambiente escolar, bem como a aquisição de novos conhecimentos, que subsidiaram a elaboração de uma proposta de inclusão dessa temática no Projeto Político Pedagógico do colégio. Consideramos que a metodologia da pesquisa-ação mostrou-se eficaz na abordagem do grupo estudado pela característica participativa e mobilizadora, viabilizando o alcance do objetivo proposto e instrumentalizando-o para o desenvolvimento de ações educativas inovadoras sobre a temática orientação sexual no ambiente escolar.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of sexual behavior in school-aged adolescents and possible differences regarding sex and type of school. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2009, carried out by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in partnership with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The sample consisted of 3,099 9th graders living in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil, mostly aged between 13 to 15 years old, who answered a self-applicable questionnaire on risk and protective health factors. The Rao-Scott test was used in the statistical analysis, considering the complex sample design. RESULTS: The prevalence of sexual intercourse was of 26.5% (95%CI 23.8 - 29.4) at least once in life and of 18.5% (95%CI 16.5 - 20.8) in the last year. Both behaviors were more frequent among male students and among those attending public schools. Most of the respondents had their first intercourse at the age of 13 or younger, with up to 3 partners. They had also used a pregnancy prevention method in the last intercourse, and received guidance on prevention at school. The age of the first intercourse was earlier and the number of partners was higher among male students. More females and those attending public schools reported having received information on pregnancy prevention. Guidance on STD/AIDS was also more frequent in public schools. CONCLUSION: Results showed a need for health education measures involving education and health professionals, as well as parents, to reduce the discrepancies found regarding sex and type of school.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship of masculinity, vulnerability and prevention of STD / HIV / AIDS among adolescent males of a land reform settlement in central Brazil. METHOD: a qualitative study using as precepts the strands of social representations with teenagers between 12 to 24 years. RESULTS: three categories emerged - Perception of vulnerability; Gender and vulnerability; and, Prevention and vulnerability to STD / HIV / AIDS. Adolescents felt invulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases anchored in the social representations in favor of the male hegemony. An ignorance about forms of prevention for STD / HIV / AIDS was demonstrated in their statements. It is believed that institutional projects such as the School Health Program and the Men's Health Care Program constitute essential tools to minimize factors of vulnerability in this population, since the school is recognized as a social facility that promotes socialization of experiences and contributes to the construction of the identity of the adolescent. CONCLUSION: the social representations of masculinity collaborate for the vulnerable behavior of the adolescents for the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases. One hopes that this study can contribute to the production of knowledge and technical-scientific improvement of the professionals, especially the nurse, in order to discuss issues related to male sexuality of adolescents in the situation of the land reform settlement.

This descriptive study was performed with 29 teachers from three public state schools in Goiânia, Goiás state. The teachers answered a semi-structured questionnaire that aimed at verifying the pedagogical practice in sex education, difficulties related to the theme, and the need for training. Most teachers were male (69%) and aged between 25 and 35 years (74%). Half held a graduate degree (54%) in human sciences (49%). Nearly all teachers find difficulties in working the topic (89%) and need training (93%). Contents on sexuality were not addressed in the Political Pedagogical Projects (76%) and the biology program aimed at teaching the theme (55%), a reality that disagrees with the National Curricular Standards, which is based on transversality. Partnerships between health and education must be established, particularly between the Family Health Strategy the higher education institutions, providing public school teachers with the necessary didactic-pedagogical support to address sexuality in the classroom. Descriptors: Sexuality; Schools; Nursing; Public Health.

Este estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar a produção cientifica em periódicos nacionais de enfermagem no âmbito da saúde do escolar, utilizando a revisão integrativa da literatura. Buscou-se conhecer a produção científica na temática, no período de 1980 a 2010, com o intuito de apresentar a evolução dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelo profissional enfermeiro na área Saúde do Escolar. Foram incluídos 38 artigos, os quais foram agrupados em seis categorias: assistência à saúde do escolar; enfermeira escolar; educação sexual; percepção dos atores sociais – pais, profissionais da educação/saúde; doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e síndrome da imunodeficiência humana; e ser adolescente. Os resultados mostraram que a temática esteve presente em todo recorte de tempo, demonstrando boas perspectivas para o exercício da enfermagem brasileira nessa área. Entretanto, foi evidenciada a necessidade de fortalecer a área saúde do escolar por meio de uma integração entre saúde e educação visando à prestação de uma assistência integral ao escolar. ABSTRACT This study aimed, by integrative literature review, to summarize the scientific production on schoolchildren’s health in Brazilian nursing journals. The intention was to identify scientific production on the subject between 1980 and 2010 to show the progress of work produced by nursing professionals on the subject of schoolchildren’s health. The 38 articles included were grouped into six categories: schoolchildren’s health care, school nurses, sexual education, perceptions of social stakeholders (parents, education/health personnel), sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency syndrome, and being a teenager. The results showed that the subject was present independent of time cutoff, showing good prospects for Brazilian nursing practice in this field. However, there was evidence of a need to strengthen the schoolchildren’s health field by integrating health care and education with a view to providing comprehensive health care to schoolchildren. RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la producción científica en las revistas nacionales de enfermería em la salud escolar, mediante la revisión integradora de la literatura. Se buscó conocer los estudios científicos sobre la temática en el período de 1980 a 2010, con el objetivo de presentar los avances de los trabajos realizados por el profesional enfermero en esa área. Se incluyeron 38 artículos, los cuales fueron agrupados en seis categorías: cuidado a la salud del escolar; enfermera de la escuela; educación sexual; percepción de los actores sociales-padres, profesionales de la educación/salud; enfermedades de transmisión sexual y síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia humana; y ser adolescente. La cuestión estaba presente en todos los tiempos de recorte, con buenas perspectivas para la práctica de la enfermería brasileña en esa área. Sin embargo, era evidente la necesidad de fortalecer el área de educación para la salud a través de una integración entre salud y educación a fin de proporcionar atención integral de salud al escolar.

Adolescents are a population with unique lifestyle challenges, including physical inactivity, inadequate nutrition, and obesity, all of which increase the risk of developing hypertension (HTN). The objective of this study has been to estimate the prevalence of factors associated with hypertension in adolescents in the city of Goiânia City, Central Brazil.Between 2013and2014, a cross-sectional population study on cardiovascular risk in adolescents, was conducted with the participation of 1,586 adolescents in 108 classes at 36 schools (public and private) in Goiânia city. All of the adolescents were interviewed to establish their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics related to hypertension and nutritional status. Anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected following a protocol. A Poisson regression, stratified by gender, was used to verify the factors associated with HTN.In this mixed-gender group of 1,586 students, the prevalence of HTN was 6.2% (95% CI: 4.6-8.2%) in girls and 14.0% (95% CI: 10.2-18.8%) in boys-about twice as high in boys as in girls (p

The protective anti-HBs titres were examined six-year post-immunisation with the Brazilian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. After the primary vaccination, all adolescents (n = 89) responded with protective anti-HBs titres and had a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 4031.8 mIU/mL. In 2010, 94.5% maintained protective anti-HBs (> 10 mIU/mL) antibodies, with a GMT of 236.0 mIU/mL. A positive correlation was observed between the anti-HBs titres after the primary vaccination and the titres at the six-year follow-up (p < 0.01). Eleven subjects showed anti-HBs titres suggestive of a natural booster. Prostitution and tattoos/piercings were marginally associated with natural boosters in the multivariate analysis. This study showed the first data on anti-HBs persistence following the Brazilian hepatitis B vaccine in sexually active individuals and highlights its effectiveness in the medium term.

Introduction Human neuroschistosomiasis has been reported in the literature, but the possibility of modeling neuroschistosomiasis in mice is controversial. Methods In two research laboratories in Brazil that maintain the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in rodents, two mice developed signs of brain disease (hemiplegia and spinning), and both were autopsied. Results S. mansoni eggs, both with and without granuloma formation, were observed in the brain and meninges of both mice by optical microscopy. Conclusions This is the first description of eggs in the brains of symptomatic mice that were experimentally infected with S. mansoni. An investigation of experimental neuroschistosomiasis is now feasible.

INTRODUCTION: The pathogenesis of septal hepatic fibrosis, induced in rats by Capillaria hepatica infection, was studied with the aid of a large collection of stored paraffin blocks, representative of the different evolutive phases of fibrosis which appeared in 100% of infected rats. METHODS: Studies were conducted involving histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and morphometric methods, in order to observe the dynamic behavior of the cellular and matrix components of fibrosis, over a one year period of evolution. RESULTS: Observation verified that septal fibrosis originates from several portal spaces simultaneously. Its origin and progression involve blood vessel proliferation (angiogenesis), multiplication of actin-positive cells (pericytes and myofibroblasts) and progressive collagen deposition. By the end of 4-5 months, a progressive decrease in all these components was observed, when signs of regression of septal fibrosis became more evident over time. CONCLUSIONS: Besides indicating the fundamental role played by angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, these morphological data concerning the dynamics of this C. hepatica experimental model proved to be adequate for future investigations regarding the functional aspects of fibrosis induction, progression and regression.

A adolescência é marcada por grandes transformações orgânicas, cognitivas, socioculturais e afetivas expondo o adolescente a muitos riscos. Dentre estes, a vulnerabilidade diante das DST como a AIDS é uma realidade. A escola exerce um papel fundamental na formação do aluno, principalmente quanto às informações na esfera da educação sexual e orientação sexual. O estudo tem como objetivo verificar o conhecimento dos professores sobre educação sexual e prevenção de DST, bem como identificar o nível de dificuldade dos mesmos ao lidar com esta temática no ambiente escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos através de um questionário semi-estruturado respondido por 28 professores de um colégio público do município de Goiânia/GO. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de considerarem a importância do tema, a maioria dos professores não se sente capacitada para trabalhar a temática educação/orientação sexual com os alunos adolescentes. 61% dos professores nunca realizaram nenhum trabalho educativo com os alunos no ambiente escolar e somente 39% já trabalharam utilizando diferentes estratégias. Diante dos resultados obtidos torna-se urgente a implementação de estratégias educativas para a capacitação na temática educação sexual ao grupo de professores.

The objective of this study was to compare the pain level related to the administration of benzathine penicillin on the ventrogluteal (VG) and dorsogluteal (DG) region. A randomized controlled trial. Sixty-one people participated in the study, 31 on the intervention group (VG region), and 30 on the control (DG region). The Chi-Squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used to test differences of proportions and to compare central tendencies between groups, respectively. Values of p

The objective of this study was to evaluate accessibility to primary health care services in the state of Goiás. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data from the National Program to Improve Access to and Quality of Primary Health Care. The study sample was composed of health professionals from 1,216 primary health care units. Results showed that 68.5% of the health units miss a screening room, thus considerably damaging prompt decision-making by professionals. The lack of medical offices in 2% of the sites hinders the primary health care services accessibility in Goiás. As regards opening hours and work shifts, 86% of the units are open five days a week in eight-hour shifts, which does not favor accessibility for users. This study confirms the lack of accessibility to health services and the need for additional investments to strengthen primary health care.

OBJETIVOS: O vírus da hepatite B representa um importante problema de saúde pública mundial e é responsável por altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. Este estudo objetivou a determinação da soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em pacientes internados em instituições psiquiátricas e em indivíduos com síndrome de Down, a detecção do DNA viral nas amostras positivas para HBsAg e anti-HBc total, e a caracterização dos subtipos do HBsAg. MÉTODOS: O estudo avaliou 433 indivíduos, sendo que 408 eram portadores de doença mental e internos em instituições psiquiátricas (71 deles tinham também dependência química) e 25 eram indivíduos com síndrome de Down, não institucionalizados. Amostras sangüíneas de todos os participantes foram testadas para os marcadores do VHB: HBsAg, anti-HBs e anti-HBc total pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Soros positivos ao HBsAg foram testados também para o anti-HBc IgM, HBeAg, anti-HBe, e subtipadas pela técnica de imunodifusão radial. A detecção do DNA-VHB foi realizada em amostras reagentes ao HBsAg e/ou anti-HBc total, utilizando-se a metodologia da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). RESULTADOS: Foi observado um índice global de soropositividade para o VHB de 22,4%, sendo que 1,6% dos indivíduos foram positivos para HBsAg. Dentre as amostras HBsAg positivas, cinco foram subtipáveis pela metodologia de imunodifusão radial, tendo sido observados os subtipos adw2, adw4 e ayw3. O DNA viral foi detectado, pela metodologia da PCR, em três amostras positivas para o HBsAg e em 11 amostras positivas para anti-HBc total/anti-HBs. No grupo de indivíduos com problema mental, com ou sem dependência química (N=408), a admissão hospitalar múltipla (reinternação) foi considerada fator de risco para infecção pelo VHB. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados indicam alta prevalência do VHB nesta população e reforçam a necessidade de medidas profiláticas específicas para reduzir o risco de infecção entre indivíduos com distúrbio mental e retardo mental.

Multiple exposures to parasitic agents are considered an important factor in the genesis of the most severe forms of the diseases they cause. Capillaria hepatica-induced septal fibrosis of the liver in rats usually runs without signs of portal hypertension or hepatic failure. After determining the hepatic profile of 15 animals during the course of a single infection, we submitted 20 rats to multiple Capillaria hepatica infections to determine whether repeated exposures would augment fibrosis production, transforming septal hepatic fibrosis into a true cirrhosis. Ten single-infection rats served as controls. A total of 5 exposures, with 45-day intervals, were made. Histological changes were followed by means of surgical liver biopsies, collected prior to infection and to each re-infection. Functional changes were minimal and transient. Although a slight recrudescence of fibrosis was observed after the first two re-infections and when the single-infected control group was re-infected at the end of the experiment, subsequent re-infections failed to increase the amount of fibrosis. On the contrary, there occurred quantitative and qualitative evidence of collagen degradation and suppression of parasite development. These paradoxical results are in keeping with the hypothesis that a complex immunological modulation participates in the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis induced by Capillaria hepatica infection in rats.

Lesions involving the sympathetic (para-vertebral ganglia) and para-sympathetic ganglia of intestines (Auerbach plexus) and heart (right atrial ganglia) were comparatively analyzed in mice infected with either of three different strain types of Trypanosoma cruzi, during acute and chronic infection, in an attempt to understand the influence of parasite strain in causing autonomic nervous system pathology. Ganglionar involvement with neuronal destruction appeared related to inflammation, which most of the times extended from neighboring adipose and cardiac, smooth and striated muscular tissues. Intraganglionic parasitism was exceptional. Inflammation involving peripheral nervous tissue exhibited a focal character and its variability in the several groups examined appeared unpredictable. Although lesions were generally more severe with the Y strain, comparative qualitative study did not allow the conclusion, under the present experimental conditions, that one strain was more pathogenic to the autonomic nervous system than others. No special tropism of the parasites from any strain toward autonomic ganglia was disclosed.

A adolescência é marcada por grandes transformações orgânicas, cognitivas, socioculturais e afetivas expondo o adolescente a muitos riscos. Dentre estes, a vulnerabilidade diante das DST como a AIDS é uma realidade. A escola exerce um papel fundamental na formação do aluno, principalmente quanto às informações na esfera da educação sexual e orientação sexual. O estudo tem como objetivo verificar o conhecimento dos professores sobre educação sexual e prevenção de DST, bem como identificar o nível de dificuldade dos mesmos ao lidar com esta temática no ambiente escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos através de um questionário semi-estruturado respondido por 28 professores de um colégio público do município de Goiânia/GO. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de considerarem a importância do tema, a maioria dos professores não se sente capacitada para trabalhar a temática educação/orientação sexual com os alunos adolescentes. 61% dos professores nunca realizaram nenhum trabalho educativo com os alunos no ambiente escolar e somente 39% já trabalharam utilizando diferentes estratégias. Diante dos resultados obtidos torna-se urgente a implementação de estratégias educativas para a capacitação na temática educação sexual ao grupo de professores. Palavras chave: Comportamento sexual; Sexualidade; Adolescente; Educação em saúde e Enfermagem em saúde pública.

RESUMO: Identificação das condições sócio-econômico-culturais dos cuidadores informais de idosos com déficit de autocuidado, atendidos no Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) da região norte, Jardim Guanabara III, em Goiânia, Goiás. A população estudada foi constituída de nove cuidadores de idosos, inseridas no PSF, de outubro a novembro de 2001. Os resultados mostram que os cuidadores são pessoas do gênero feminino (esposas, filhas, netas e vizinhas), entre 18 a 67 anos, com renda mensal oscilando entre um a sete salários mínimos e com escolaridade entre o primeiro e o segundo grau. O conhecimento deste perfil favorece aos profissionais da área, para planejar e implantar programas voltados à realidade do idoso e seus cuidadores. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Assistência; Geriatria; Saúde do Idoso

This research describes the social, economic and cultural conditions of the informal caregivers of old people without self-care from the Family Health Program. Nine informal caretakers of the North Region Program - Jardim Guanabara III - Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, were studied during October and November, 2001. The results show that they are women (wives, daughters, granddaughters and neighbors), who are 18-67 years old and they are to be worth 1 to 7 Brazilian minimal salary (U$ 80,00) per month. The most people have between first and second degree of high school. These are important to know because the professionals (doctors and nurses) can plain good programs to old people.

Estudo sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas por professores ao trabalhar a temática orientação sexual no ambiente escolar, visando desenvolver práticas pedagógicas educativas centradas na prevenção. O objetivo geral foi desenvolver e analisar junto aos professores, de um colégio público localizado na região leste do município de Goiânia/Goiás, o processo de conscientização crítica para a construção de estratégias educativas de prevenção e promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos alunos. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, com enfoque na pesquisa-ação. Participaram da pesquisa um grupo de educadores composto por professores, diretora e coordenadores do período matutino do colégio. Para a obtenção dos dados utilizamos encontros grupais, a observação participante e a entrevista individual, ocorrida no período de abril de 2006 a março de 2007. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir da descrição analítica dos encontros grupais e de discussão à luz do referencial teórico. O resultado desta investigação nos mostrou que o movimento do grupo favoreceu o processo de conscientização crítica dos professores acerca da complexidade do trabalho de orientação sexual no ambiente escolar, bem como a aquisição de novos conhecimentos, que subsidiaram a elaboração de uma proposta de inclusão dessa temática no Projeto Político Pedagógico do colégio. Consideramos que a metodologia da pesquisa-ação mostrou-se eficaz na abordagem do grupo estudado pela característica participativa e mobilizadora, viabilizando o alcance do objetivo proposto e instrumentalizando-o para o desenvolvimento de ações educativas inovadoras sobre a temática orientação sexual no ambiente escolar.

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection. Overall HBV prevalence was 21.8% (95%CI: 17,82-26,41), and 19,5% (95%CI: 15,75-24,0) showed a serological profile of previous HBV vaccination. Older individuals (> 50 years), blacks, and homosexuals or bisexuals showed increased exposure to HBV. The low frequency of individuals immunized against HBV, high social vulnerability, and risk behaviors emphasize the need for health services administrators to provide more opportunities for HBV vaccination in this target population.