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1. Overview of the research activities in earthquake engineering and seismic risk assessment within the joint framework cea-edf-framatome-irsn

Author: Richard, Benjamin, M.C., Robin-Boudaoud, E., Viallet, S., Cherubini, J., Berger, Bitar, Ibrahim, Clément, Julien, O., Fabre, R., Fares, L. Le, Graciet, F., Grange, N., Suin, Heitz, Thomas, N., Ile, A., Courtois, Lancieri, Maria, Langlade, Thomas, F., Voldoire, Laboratoire de Modélisation et d’Analyse de la Performance des Structures (IRSN/PSN-EXP/SES/LMAPS), Service d'Expertise des équipements et des Structures (IRSN/PSN-EXP/SES), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), FRAMATOME, EDF (EDF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Bureau d'évaluation des risques sismiques pour la sûreté des installations (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), EDF, CEA, IRSN, and ATHENA, Irsn
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract: International audience; The French nuclear community is highly active in the field of earthquake engineering and more precisely, regarding seismic risk assessment. Among the existing safety-oriented frameworks, there is one which involves not only nuclear operators such as Electricité de France (EDF), the French Sustainable Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and FRAMATOME, but also the French technical support organization which is the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). Within this framework, research activities are conducted, aiming to enhance knowledge in order to improve nuclear safety of either existing or new facilities. These activities deal with topics and challenging issues that appear to be significant in the seismic risk assessment process. More precisely, they aim to better assess the seismic margins when available, to better understand the beyond-design behavior of nuclear buildings or related equipment and to improve the necessary knowledge to produce robust seismic hazard assessment studies. The main objective of this paper is to give an overview of the past, ongoing, and future joint activities carried out by CEA-EDF-FRAMATOME-IRSN and will especially highlight main findings and future challenges and opportunities in the field of seismic safety of nuclear facilities. To reach the objective, technical focus will be made during the presentation.
Published: 2022

2. Nonstandard micro-inertia terms in the relaxed micromorphic model: well-posedness for dynamics

Author: Ionel-Dumitrel Ghiba, Patrizio Neff, Sebastian Owczarek, Marco Valerio d'Agostino, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science [Warszawa], Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași [Romania], Institute of Mathematics 'Octav Mayer', Romanian Academy, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Fakultät für Mathematik der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], and Thework of I.D. Ghiba was supported by Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi (UAIC) under the grant GI-17458,within the internal grant competition for young researchers.
Subjects: Wave propagation, General Mathematics, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, generalized continua, 02 engineering and technology, Inertia, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 0203 mechanical engineering, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], General Materials Science, Fakultät für Mathematik, ddc:510, 0101 mathematics, Mathematical Physics, media_common, Physics, Dynamics (mechanics), Metamaterial, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Classical mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Mathematik, micro-inertia, Focus (optics), Well posedness, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; We study the existence of solutions arising from the modelling of elastic materials using generalized theories of continua. In view of some evidence from physics of metamaterials, we focus our effort on two recent nonstandard relaxed micromorphic models including novel micro-inertia terms. These novel micro-inertia terms are needed to better capture the band-gap response. The existence proof is based on the Banach fixed-point theorem.
Published: 2019
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3. Critical analysis of residual water in self-leveling underlayment – Part I: Study on model materials

Author: T. Guillot, Elodie Prud'Homme, P.A. Andreani, J. Ambroise, P. Taquet, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and KERNEOS Research and Technology Center
Subjects: Moisture content, Ettringite, Materials science, Gypsum, Calcium carbide, Thin layer, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Residual, Residual water, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0201 civil engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Key point, Coating, 021105 building & construction, General Materials Science, Composite material, Drying, Civil and Structural Engineering, Calcium carbide method, Self-levelling underlayment, Building and Construction, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, chemistry, engineering, Free water
Abstract: International audience; A self-leveling underlayment is a thin layer used to smooth floors and has to contain a very low level of residual water prior to covering with the final coating. Therefore, the evaluation of residual water is a key point. The aim of this study is to compare two residual water evaluation techniques: the calcium carbide method (CCM) and oven drying at 40 °C. The following model materials are investigated: silica, gypsum, plaster, and ettringite. The CCM measurements provide an effective indicator of free water for silica and gypsum. Although not a field measurement, oven drying offers a reliable and truly representative measure of the residual water, regardless of the material used.
Published: 2019
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4. Failure analysis of masonry wall panels subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane loading using the discrete element method

Author: Sarhosis, T-T Bui, Ali Limam, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Département Génie Civil et Urbanisme (GCU), School of Engineering [Newcastle], and Newcastle University [Newcastle]
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, in-plane loading, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Masonry, Discrete element method, Out of plane, In plane, Block (telecommunications), 021105 building & construction, wall, discrete element method, out-of-plane loading, business, Brickwork, Geology, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; This paper aims to evaluate the ability of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to accurately predict the mechanical behavior of modern brickwork and concrete block masonry wall panels subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane loading. The efficiency of the DEM is based on the suitability of the DEM models to predict the development and propagation of cracks up to collapse, the associated stress distributions and the ultimate load carrying capacity of masonry wall panels subjected to external loading. Numerical results are compared with experimental ones obtained from large-scale tests carried out in the laboratory. A good agreement between the numerical and the experimental results were obtained, which confirms the efficiency and robustness of the DEM to simulate the in-plane and out-of-plane non-linear behavior of modern masonry wall panels. Moreover, a collection of verified material parameters is provided to be used by other researchers and engineers to develop reliable computational models and understand the mechanical behavior of masonry structures. Finally, computational results from this study can help prevent engineering failures and provide reference for stakeholders devising strategies for improving risk management and disaster prevention in masonry structures.
Published: 2019
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5. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Organocatalytic Biosourced Surfactant

Author: Giry, Clément, Pierret, Alexandre, Vedrenne, Emeline, Lacaze-Dufaure, Corinne, Thiebaud-Roux, Sophie, Vaca Garcia, Carlos, Cecutti, Christine, Bertrand, David, Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: green chemistry, surfactant, bolaform, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; This article describes the synthesis of a new bio-based organocatalytic surfactant. The nine steps of the synthesis were optimized, fully respecting the principles of green chemistry. The surfactant aspect was then evaluated with the use of tensiometric studies. The molecular organization of the surfactant in vesicles in an aqueous medium was characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and confirmed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) modelling.
Published: 2021
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6. Nonlinear dynamic simulation of cable based structures interacting with sliding objects using the concept of macro element

Author: Franck Bourrier, David Bertrand, Stéphane Grange, Thomas Langlade, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INSA Lyon, European Commission, and Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes
Subjects: Mechanical equilibrium, Computer science, Truss, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, FEM and DEM, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, General Materials Science, Macro, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Structural engineering, Macro finite element, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Discrete element method, Finite element method, Mechanical system, Dynamic simulation, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Modeling and Simulation, Bending stiffness, Structural dynamics, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 0210 nano-technology, business, Cable
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents the formulation of a finite element enclosing a specific internal mechanical equilibrium in order to model cable-based structures in dynamics conditions. It is based on the concept of macro finite element which allows embedding complex mechanical systems solved inside the element boundaries. A significant advantage is to allow an easy implementation within classical commercial codes. The proposed macro finite element describes a cable interacting with a sliding object assimilated to a punctual mass where friction can be accounted for. The dynamic response is described by a model developed within the framework of the DEM (Discrete Element Method) where geometrical nonlinearity (large displacements) is considered. A model combining the proposed macro finite element and a classical linear truss finite element is presented in order to validate its implementation. Finally, illustrative examples are presented. First, a cable yarning system is considered. The effect of friction and of the bending stiffness of the posts on the overall kinematics and force within the system are explored. Then the vulnerability of a cable-stayed bridge to earthquake is explored accounting for guy ropes failure.
Published: 2021
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7. Modelling of earthquake induced pounding between adjacent structures with a non-smooth contact dynamics method

Author: Langlade, Thomas, Bertrand, David, Grange, Stéphane, Candia, Gabriel, De La Llera, Juan Carlos, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Bertrand, David
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, [SPI.GCIV.DV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

8. Dynamic discrete element modelling for seismic assessment of rammed earth walls

Author: T.T. Bui, Quoc-Bao Bui, Ali Limam, Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement (LOCIE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ton Duc Thang University [Hô-Chi-Minh-City], Département Génie Civil et Urbanisme (GCU), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 107.01-2017.22.
Subjects: Seismic behaviour, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, Rammed earth, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Discrete element modelling, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Physics::Geophysics, 0201 civil engineering, Time history analysis, Seismic assessment, 021105 building & construction, 11. Sustainability, Formwork, Lack of knowledge, Element (category theory), business, Embodied energy, Geology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; Rammed earth (RE) is a construction material which is manufactured by compacting the soil within a formwork, in superimposed layers. RE is attracting scientific studies because of its sustainable properties : a very low embodied energy and an advantageous living comfort due to a particular benefic hygro-thermal behaviour. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate RE material and RE structures, however, a lack of knowledge on the seismic performance of RE buildings is noticed. This paper presents an advanced numerical study to investigate the in-plane seismic behaviour of RE walls. First, a numerical model of an in-situ RE wall was constructed by using discrete element modelling (DEM). The relevancy of the numerical model was verified by comparing dynamic properties of the model with that measured on the in-situ wall. Then, a real earthquake excitation was applied to the model, in order to evaluate the seismic performance of the RE wall studied. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a dynamic discrete explicite analysis was performed for a RE wall. The excitation was scaled at different amplitudes to assess the damages following different earthquake intensities. The results showed that for seismic excitations lower than 2.3 m/s2, RE walls studied had satisfying in-plane earthquake performance.
Published: 2018
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9. Buckling Behavior of Metallic Cylindrical Shell Structures Strengthened with CFRP Composite

Author: H. V. Tran, Z. Draidi, T.T. Bui, Ali Limam, A. Bennani, Université de Lyon, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Département Génie Civil et Urbanisme (GCU), and University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland
Subjects: Materials science, Article Subject, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Composite number, Rotational symmetry, Shell (structure), 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, 0201 civil engineering, law.invention, Boundary layer, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Buckling, lcsh:TA1-2040, law, Storage tank, Bearing capacity, Composite material, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a CFRP composite layer on the buckling behavior of metallic cylindrical shells. To enhance the bearing capacity of steel shells, classical solutions consider internal or external metallic stiffeners (stringers and/or rings) welded or riveted to the shell. Here, an external skin of composite material which wraps the whole metallic skin of the shell is studied. To be valid for metallic shells structures (storage tanks like silos) as well as for metal pipes (gas or oil pipeline), the procedure for setting up and implementing the composite must be simple. The recommended solution is therefore tested through experimental tests to find their limits and the configuration of optimal behavior. A consistent enhancement of bearing capacity is observed. This experimental base serves also to consolidate a numerical model which corroborates the experimental results. The good correlation between experimental and numerical results is confirmed for the whole loading process, for unstiffened and stiffened shells. For metallic unstiffened shell, an adequacy between experiment and simulation is noticed in the mainly membrane precritical behavior, during the buckling initiation characterized by the boundary layer problem corresponding to axisymmetric wavelength appearance near boundaries and in the postcritical domain associated to localization of the buckling mode at one extremity of the shell. For stiffened configuration, the enhancement of the bearing capacity of the shell is correctly gauged; this confirms the possibility to use finite element simulation for the design.
Published: 2018
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10. Tightening Torque Influence on Pullout Behavior of Post-installed Expansion Anchors

Author: Fabien Delhomme, Nicolas Rouane, Bertrand Pallud, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Hilti France
Subjects: pullout test, Load capacity, anchor, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Reinforced concrete, creep, 0201 civil engineering, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Tension response, 021105 building & construction, concrete, Torque, prestress, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, Slipping, Geology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; Post-installed anchors in reinforced concrete structures are increasingly important in current constructions especially in repair or upgrading works. A research program was completed to determine the influence of the tightening torque and the anchorage depth on the pullout performances of torque-controlled expansion anchors. The diameter d of the tested anchors was 10 mm. Six configurations were tested on 18 concrete blocks. Three pre-tension loads and two anchorage depths were considered. The results show that the fastening torque has no influence on the load-bearing capacity far away from the edges. However, an increase of the torque leads to a decrease of the anchor’s slipping during pullout tests. Nevertheless, applying an excessive fastening torque may lead to a steel-rupture of the anchor during the fastening phase. An increase of the anchorage depth leads to a better load capacity of the anchor and reduces the risk of concrete cone rupture. Finally, a simplified model of the tension response of the anchor with a bilinear load-displacement relationship has been suggested.
Published: 2018
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11. Effects of fungal decay on elasticity and damping of small-diameter silver fir logs assessed by the transverse vibration resonant method

Author: Freddy Rey, Jean Baptiste Barré, Franck Bourrier, David Bertrand, Loïc Brancheriau, Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), BioWooEB (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 114 BioWooEB), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers, Small diameter, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Larix, Young's modulus, 02 engineering and technology, Plant Science, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 021105 building & construction, Quantitative assessment, General Materials Science, Mathematics, Élasticité, Altitude, Mathematical analysis, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Structural engineering, Propriété acoustique, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Transverse plane, symbols, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Damping ratio, Vibration, Bois, Carie du bois, symbols.namesake, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, J12 - Manutention, transport, stockage et conservation des produits forestiers, Elasticity (economics), Propriété physicochimique, 040101 forestry, business.industry, Grume de sciage, Montagne, Pinus, Champignon pathogène, Abies alba, Transverse vibration, Propriété mécanique, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, business
Abstract: A number of studies have shown the ability of the vibration resonant method (VRM) to measure the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the damping ratio ( $$\xi$$ ) of calibrated wooden samples of various dimensions. This method based on free transverse vibrations was also studied to assess the decay extent in small stakes. Nevertheless, a need for investigations was identified in order to apply the method to decayed logs. Both decay and geometrical singularities brought heterogeneity not taken into account by the VRM. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fungal decay on these two mechanical properties of small-diameter silver fir logs using the VRM. Fifty-five small-diameter logs were monitored over a decay process taking place in a greenhouse located near Grenoble (France). The MOE and $$\xi$$ were measured in intact and decayed states. The results showed the reliability of the measurements of both properties. $$\xi$$ was found to be independent of moisture content for wood above the fibre saturation point. The results validated the loss in MOE and the gain in $$\xi$$ due to fungal activity. Thus, indicators based on the MOE and $$\xi$$ were proposed and compared to quantify the decay extent. Indicators calculated from the first mode of vibration appeared to be relevant for that purpose. Future work is needed to validate indicators on structural size logs and to compare this quantitative assessment to those obtained by the standard EN 152 that currently serves as a benchmark.
Published: 2017
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12. Influence of uniaxial tension and compression on shear strength of concrete slabs without shear reinforcement under concentrated loads

Author: S. Abouri, T. Roure, B. Tedoldi, W.S.A. Nana, T.T. Bui, Ali Limam, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), EDF-DIN-SEPTEN, Division GS - Groupe Enceintes de confinement, parent, and Département Génie Civil et Urbanisme (GCU)
Subjects: Axial forces, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Uniaxial tension, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 0201 civil engineering, Concentrated load, 021105 building & construction, Ultimate tensile strength, General Materials Science, Geotechnical engineering, Slab, Civil and Structural Engineering, Shrinkage, T-beam, business.industry, Shear, Building and Construction, Shear reinforcement, Structural engineering, Compression (physics), Experiments Tension, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Tension, Shear (geology), business, Concrete
Abstract: Under the shear load, reinforced concrete structures may be simultaneously subjected to the axial tensile or compressive forces due to shrinkage in restrained members, earthquake, tornado, and so on. Until now, no experiment addressing the effect of the uniaxial load on the shear resistance of reinforced concrete slab has been reported in the literature. All the experimental tests found in the literature were conducted on panel and beam (or wide beam) specimens. The current shear design provisions with axial load (ACI 318 and Eurocode 2) were developed based solely on panel and beam tests and not slab tests. Therefore, the current shear design codes applied to slab structures under the effect of axial forces urgently need revision. The present research studies the shear strength tests of slabs under the concentrated load simply supported on four sides. The effect of the tension/compression forces on the shear capacity was studied on full-scale slabs without shear reinforcement, a design similar to the slabs used in nuclear buildings, under a concentrated load near support. Experimental tests were conducted to quantify the shear capacity and the associated failure modes with the influence of axial forces. In this study, a series of seven tests on seven full-scale slabs measuring 4 m × 2.6 m × 0.3 m is presented. The experiments were used to evaluate the pertinence of Eurocode 2 in terms of shear in reinforced concrete slabs with axial load, to compare these results to the AFCEN ETC-C code used for nuclear buildings, and to compare them to the ACI 318 code. The results showed that the axial tension forces equal to 0.28 f ctm (average concrete tensile capacity) reduced the shear capacity up to 30% in the concrete slab experiments conducted.
Published: 2017
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13. Effective inelastic scattering cross-sections for background analysis in HAXPES of deeply buried layers

Author: Risterucci, Paul, Renault, O., Zborowski, Charlotte, Bertrand, D., Torres, A., Rueff, J., Ceolin, D., Grenet, Geneviève, Schneider, C., Tougaard, S., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), INL - Hétéroepitaxie et Nanostructures (INL - H&N), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Technische Physik, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon
Subjects: Materials science, Hard X-ray photoemission, Annealing (metallurgy), General Physics and Astronomy, Inelastic scattering cross-section, 02 engineering and technology, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Overlayer, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Power semiconductor device, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Buried interface, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Scattering, Bilayer, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Photoelectric effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Background analysis
Abstract: International audience; Inelastic background analysis of HAXPES spectra was recently introduced as a powerful method to get access to the elemental distribution in deeply buried layers or interfaces, at depth up to 60 nm below the surface. However the accuracy of the analysis highly relies on suitable scattering cross-sections able to describe effectively the transport of photoelectrons through overlayer structures consisting of individual layers with potentially very different scattering properties. Here, we show that within Tougaard’s practical framework as implemented in the Quases-Analyze software, the photoelectron transport through thick (25–40 nm) multi-layer structures with widely different cross-sections can be reliably described with an effective cross-section in the form of a weighted sum of the individual cross-section of each layer. The high-resolution core-level analysis partly provides a guide for determining the nature of the individual cross-sections to be used. We illustrate this novel approach with the practical case of a top Al/Ti bilayer structure in an AlGaN/GaN power transistor device stack before and after sucessive annealing treatments. The analysis provides reliable insights on the Ti and Ga depth distributions up to nearly 50 nm below the surface.
Published: 2017
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14. Hybrid asynchronous absorbing layers based on Kosloff damping for seismic wave propagation in unbounded domains

Author: Michael Brun, Sergey V. Kuznetsov, Irini Djeran-Maigre, Sijia Li, Groupe de Recherche en Géomécanique (GRG), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), institute for Problems in Mechanics [Moscow], and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], Wave propagation, Bar (music), Computer science, Computation, Mathematical analysis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, CPU time, 02 engineering and technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Domain (software engineering), 010101 applied mathematics, Hybrid asynchronous time integration, Unbounded domains, symbols.namesake, Asynchronous communication, Integrator, Subdomain decomposition, symbols, 0101 mathematics, Rayleigh scattering, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a novel approach for modeling infinite media, called Hybrid (different time integrators) Asynchronous (different time steps) Kosloff Absorbing Layers with Increasing Damping (HA-Kosloff ALID). By using strong forms of wave propagation in Kosloff media, its design equation is derived as well as optimal conditions between physical and absorbing domains. Explicit/Implicit co-simulation is adopted to reduce computation time. Examples of semi-infinite bar and Lamb’s test are implemented to illustrate the efficiency of our approach in terms of accuracy and CPU time, in comparison to Rayleigh ALID and PML. It turns out to be efficient and convenient for modeling unbounded domain.
Published: 2019
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15. Pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients requiring invasive ventilation: Impact on short and long-term outcomes

Author: Sybille Merceron, Mouhamed Djahoum Moussa, Yves Cohen, Hatem Kallel, P. Enguerrand, N. Brule, S. Guessens, C. Ouisse, Elie Azoulay, Elisabeth Coupez, J. Bohe, A. Mouaci, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Eric Mariotte, Martin Cour, V. Deiler, L. Ferrand, M. Simon, Shidasp Siami, Jean-Ralph Zahar, M. Nouacer, M. Lugosi, Jean-Pierre Quenot, I. Theodose, Gilles Troché, Christophe Adrie, Aguila Radjou, Guillaume Lacave, Antoine Gros, D. Maugars, S. Bekkhouche, Steven Grangé, O. Zambon, T. Hissem, Romain Sonneville, C. Cheval, J. Carvelli, A. Haouache, F. Lecorre, Romain Hernu, Benoit Misset, C. Ara-Somohano, A. Vesin, J. Fournier, Benjamin Sztrymf, K. Mellouk, C. Bretonniere, L. Dopeux, Marie Thuong, V. H. T. Ha, M. Lebrazic, Corinne Alberti, V. Gobert, S. Letrou, Roland Smonig, Claire Dupuis, Marc Gainnier, Sébastien Bailly, J. F. Timsit, Fabrice Bruneel, H. Merle, Michael Darmon, Mélanie Adda, Marion Venot, C. Tournegros, S. Salle, Bernard Allaouchiche, D. Boyer, Jean-Marie Forel, Bruno Mourvillier, Alexandre Lautrette, N. Kaddour, P. Andreu, Daniel da Silva, Olivier Andremont, G. Thierry, Jordane Lebut, T. Baudry, V. Vindrieux, J. Reignier, L. Nicolet, A. Francais, Anne-Sylvie Dumenil, G. van der Meersch, D. Nakache, Mathilde Neuville, Benjamin Planquette, François Philippart, C. Aparicio, S. Bagur, Laurent Papazian, Bertrand Souweine, François Barbier, Virginie Lemiale, J. Bedel, C. Garret, Guillaume Marcotte, Johanna Oziel, C. Agasse, Sebastien Jochmans, Dany Toledano, Mathilde Lermuzeaux, J. B. Joffredo, N. Viguier, Jean Pierre Bedos, J. Bourenne, A. Van-Nieuwenhuyze, Carole Schwebel, Lila Bouadma, Outcomerea Study Grp, F. Lamara, Etienne de Montmollin, B. Berthe, Stéphane Ruckly, Christophe Clec’h, Eric Magalhaes, Laurent Argaud, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Geology and Applied Geology, University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Medical Intensive Care Unit, APHP, Hôpital St-Louis, Paris, France., Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Avicenne, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Equipe LIPNESS (LNC - U1231) (LIPNESS), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Service de Réanimation Médicale (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESI S.A., Service de Conditionnement des Déchets et Vitrification (SCDV), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CMI Green Line, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département de Biostatistiques [Paris], Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service Anesthésie Réanimation, Hopital Civil, Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CIC - CHU Bichat, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Neuropsychopharmacologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hopital central Cayenne, CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles (CHV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand - Clermont Auvergne (ICCF), and Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, consequences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], multicenter, law.invention, sepsis, 0302 clinical medicine, Mechanical ventilation, onset pneumonia, law, icu, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, risk-factors, Stroke, withdrawal, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Female, France, Cohort study, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Mortality, intensive-care-unit, Aged, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Glasgow Coma Scale, Pneumonia, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, Critical care, Emergency medicine, business
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and prognostic impact of pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: Retrospective analysis from a prospective multicenter cohort study of critically ill patients with acute ischemic stroke requiring invasive mechanical ventilation at admission. Impact of pneumonia was investigated using Cox regression for 1-year mortality, and competing risk survival models for ICU mortality censored at 30-days. Results: We included 195 patients. Stroke was supratentorial in 62% and 64% of patients had a Glasgow coma scale score \textless8 on admission. Mortality at day-30 and 1 year were 56%, and 70%, respectively. Post-stroke pneumonia was identified in 78 (40%) patients, of which 46/78 (59%) episodes were present at ICU admission. Post-stroke pneumonia was associated with an increase in 1-year mortality (adjusted HR 1.49, 95% CI [1.01-2.20]). Post-stroke pneumonia was not associated with ICU mortality but was associated with a 1.6-fold increase in ICU length of stay (CSHR 0.62 [0.39-0.99], p = 0.06). Conclusions: In ischemic stroke patients requiring invasive ventilation, pneumonia occurred in 40% of cases and was associated with a 49% increase in 1-year mortality. Post-stroke pneumonia did not impact day-30 mortality but increased ICU length of stay. (C) 2019 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019
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16. Assessing the Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with an L-Form Cross-Section

Author: Thi-Loan Bui, Hoang-An Le, Mai-Phuong Tran, T.T. Bui, Quoc-Bao Bui, Ton Duc Thang University [Hô-Chi-Minh-City], Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of Transport and Communications [Hanoi] (UTC), Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), and This research is funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED) under grant number 107.01-2017.22.
Subjects: seismic performance, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, TJ807-830, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Plasticity, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, 0201 civil engineering, Rammed earth, Cross section (physics), 021105 building & construction, GE1-350, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, finite element modeling, Structural engineering, Finite element method, Environmental sciences, dynamic behavior, Formwork, business, rammed earth, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Rammed earth (RE) is a construction material which is made by compacting the soil in a formwork. This material is attracting the attention of the scientific community due to its sustainable characteristics. Among different aspects to be investigated, the seismic performance remains an important topic which needs advanced investigations. The existing studies in the literature have mainly adopted simplified approaches to investigate the seismic performance of RE structures. The present paper adopts a numerical approach to investigate the seismic behavior of RE walls with an L-form cross-section. The 3D FEM model used can take into account the plasticity and damage of RE layers and the interfaces. The model was first validated by an experimental test presented in the literature. Then, the model was employed to assess the seismic performance of a L-form wall of a RE house at different amplitudes of earthquake excitations. Influences of the cross-section form on the earthquake performance of RE walls were also investigated. The results show that the L-form cross-section wall has a better seismic performance than a simple rectangular cross-section wall with similar dimensions. For the L-form cross-section wall, the damage observed concentrates essentially on the connection between two flanges of the wall.
Published: 2019
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17. Pullout Tests on Post-installed Bonded Anchors in Ultra-high Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Author: Fabien Delhomme, Michael Brun, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon
Subjects: pullout test, Materials science, experiment, anchor, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Fiber-reinforced concrete, bond, 0201 civil engineering, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Compressive strength, fiber concrete, law, 021105 building & construction, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Ultra high performance, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; An experimental study was completed on the behavior on post-installed bonded anchors in ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete with a compressive strength higher than 150 MPa. The aim was to analyze the failure mechanisms in static pullout tests. The diameter of the tested anchors was 12 mm and the studied parameters were the embedment depth, the edge distance and the state of cracking of the concrete block. In case of tests without edge effect in uncracked concrete, a combined pullout and concrete cone failure occurred for an embedment depth lower than 60 mm. The recorded mean bond stress was 32.5 MPa for uncracked concrete and 16.3 MPa for cracked concrete with a crack width of approximately 1 mm. A splitting failure was observed for shallow embedment and for edge distances lower than 60 mm. For this tested special anchor system, the increase in tensile strength provided by the metallic fibers enhances the tensile behavior of anchors in comparison to normal strength concrete. It is necessary to adapt the design codes developed for normal strength concrete in order to have more accurate and reliable prediction methods.
Published: 2019
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18. Influence des conditions de bétonnage sur le comportement à l’arrachement de chevilles d’ancrage courtes

Author: Delhomme, Fabien, Clément, Hervé, Roure, Thierry, Delhomme, Fabien, Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

19. Seismic analysis of RC structures using damage model and simplified modeling, 12th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering

Author: Mazars, Jacky, Grange, Stéphane, Mazars, Jacky, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.DV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

20. A novel identification method for obtaining bending moment–curvature relations of wood stems based on digital image correlation and SDOF analysis

Author: Nicolas Tardif, Franck Bourrier, David Bertrand, Jean-Baptiste Barré, Stéphane Grange, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Digital image correlation, Environmental Engineering, identification method, SDOF model, Scale (ratio), fresh wood, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Young's modulus, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, Curvature, symbols.namesake, bending behavior, 021105 building & construction, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], digital image correlation, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mathematics, business.industry, Structural engineering, Finite element method, symbols, Bending moment, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: International audience; Bending moment–curvature relations (M-χ) are useful in many beam modelling approaches. It allows describing in a simple way the mechanical behaviour at the cross-section scale and can be used to model continuous beams as single degree of freedom systems dedicated to perform stochastic analysis. This paper focused on tree mechanical charaterisation and presents an identification method for obtaining bending moment–curvature relationships up to failure from Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and experimental three points bending tests. Due to wood intrinsic variability, the proposed identification method has been validated from a Finite Element (FE) model which aims at simulating precisely the bending response of a cylindrical stem. The refined FE model has been developed based on the geometry and the boundary conditions of the experimentally tested stems. M-χ curves are derived from the FE model and used within a Single Degree Of Freedom (SDOF) approach. At the stem scale, the prediction of the SDOF model (Force-Displacement) is compared to the FE model and lead to a good agreement. Then the approach is used to characterise fresh European beech samples allowing deriving their mechanical properties (longitudinal Young modulus, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture).
Published: 2019
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21. CAPS criteria fail to identify most severely-ill thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome patients requiring intensive care unit admission

Author: Nicolas de Prost, Romaric Larcher, Damien Contou, Rémi Coudroy, Alain Combes, Zahir Amoura, Laurent Argaud, Pierre Trouiller, François-Michel Beloncle, Jean-Herlé Raphalen, Elie Azoulay, Stanislas Ledochowski, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Alexis Mathian, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Auguste Dargent, Alexandre Demoule, Amélie Couteau-Chardon, Steven Grangé, Matthieu Jamme, Aude Gibelin, Vincent Degos, Samuel Gaugain, Frédéric Pène, Stanislas Faguer, Jérôme Devaquet, Jérémie Lemarié, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France, parent, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence du Lupus Systémique, Syndrome des Anticorps Anti-phospholipides et Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares[CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], Service de médecine interne [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Réanimation Médicale (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Equipe LIPNESS (LNC - U1231) (LIPNESS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Excellence : Lipoprotéines et Santé : prévention et Traitement des maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer (LabEx LipSTIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CRLCC - CGFL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques, et Miniaturisation (LSABM), ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence du Lupus Systémique, Syndrome des Anticorps Anti-phospholipides et Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], Service de Médecine Interne 2, maladies auto-immunes et systémiques [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Chimie-Biologie-Innovation (UMR 8231) (CBI), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD-Université de Montpellier (UM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Systemic lupus erythematosus, law, Antiphospholipid syndrome, medicine, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Intensive care unit, Diagnostic Errors, Catastrophic Illness, Retrospective Studies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, Microvascular thrombosis, Retrospective cohort study, Mean age, Thrombosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, 3. Good health, Icu admission, Intensive Care Units, 030104 developmental biology, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, Female, France, Probability of survival, business
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE : Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), the most severe manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), is characterised by simultaneous thromboses in multiple organs. Diagnosing CAPS can be challenging but its early recognition and management is crucial for a favourable outcome. This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequencies, distributions and ability to predict mortality of "definite/probable" or "no-CAPS" categories of thrombotic APS patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).METHOD : This French national multicentre retrospective study, conducted from January 2000 to September 2018, included all APS patients with any new thrombotic manifestation(s) admitted to 24 ICUs. RESULTS : One hundred and thirty-four patients (male/female ratio: 0.4; mean age at admission: 45.4+/-15.0 years), who experienced 152 CAPS episodes, required ICU admission. The numbers of definite, probable or no-CAPS episodes, respectively, were: 11 (7.2%), 60 (39.5%) and 81 (53.3%). No histopathological proof of microvascular thrombosis was the most frequent reason for not being classified as definite CAPS. Overall, 35/152 (23.0%) episodes were fatal, with comparable rates for definite/probable CAPS and no CAPS (23% vs. 28.8% respectively, p=0.4). The Kaplan-Meier curve of estimated probability of survival showed no between-group survival difference (log-rank test p=0.5). CONCLUSIONS : In this study, CAPS criteria were not associated with mortality of thrombotic APS patients requiring ICU admission. Further studies are need evaluate the adequacy of CAPS criteria for critically-ill APS patients.
Published: 2019
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22. Enhancement of a two-dimensional multifibre beam element in the case of reinforced concrete structures for taking into account the lateral confinement of concrete due to stirrups

Author: Stéphane Grange, Natalia Khoder, Yannick Sieffert, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-11-RSNR-0022,SINAPS@,Séisme et Installation Nucléaire -Améliorer et Pérenniser la Sûreté(2011), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and SINAPS@ ANR-11-RSNR-0022,SINAPS@,SINAPS@: Séisme & Installations Nucléaires: Assurer et Pérenniser la Sûreté
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Materials science, éléments finis, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, stirrups, 0201 civil engineering, 0203 mechanical engineering, Cyclic loading, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, multifibre beam elements, béton armé, Structural engineering, Reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete, Finite element method, Transverse reinforcement, Transverse plane, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, aciers transversaux, finite elements, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, élément poutre multifibre, Confinement
Abstract: International audience; To assess the seismic vulnerability of existing reinforced concrete structures, a large number of degrees of freedom is involved. Consequently, efficient numerical tools are required. In the case of slender elements, enhanced beam elements have been developed to try to introduce shear effects, but in these models, the transverse steel is sometimes taken into consideration with approximated manner or often not at all. However, as shown by some experimental tests, the amount of transverse reinforcement triggers significantly the behaviour of beam elements, especially under cyclic loading. Thus, the main goal of this work is to investigate solutions for an enhanced multifibre beam element accounting for vertical stretching of the cross section, occurring due to the presence of transverse reinforcement. The efficiency of the proposed modelling strategies is tested with results obtained from tension and flexure tests conducted on an elastic linear material. Moreover, the implementation of stirrups is verified by comparison with analytical analysis.; Pour déterminer la vulnérabilité sismique des structures existantes en béton armé, des méthodes de calcul numérique à l’échelle structurelle efficaces et suffisamment précises sont nécessaires. Dans le cas d’éléments poutres, les recherches actuelles concernent le développement de cinématiques enrichies pour mieux tenir compte de la déformation des sections. A cette échelle, des formulations permettent déjà de reproduire les déformations générées par le cisaillement. En revanche, concernant les cadres d’armatures, soit ils ne sont pas du tout considérés, soit ils ne permettent pas d’établir un véritable équilibre global de la section transversale permettant de calculer le confinement du béton. Cependant, comme le montrent certains essais expérimentaux, la quantité d’armatures transversales pilote d’une manière significative le comportement de ces poutres. Le travail présenté dans cet article propose un modèle poutre multifibre enrichi pour la prise en compte de l’effet de confinement du béton par les armatures transversales. Des déplacements transversaux additionnels permettent d’enrichir la cinématique de la section transversale pour calculer l’équilibre. Le modèle est dans un premier temps validé avec des tests simples et une loi de comportement élastique linéaire pour le matériau composant la section. De plus, l’implémentation des aciers transversaux est validée par une comparaison faite avec une analyse analytique.
Published: 2019
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23. Full-field measurement with a digital image correlation analysis of a shake table test on a timber-framed structure filled with stones and earth

Author: Stéphane Grange, Philippe Garnier, Yannick Sieffert, F. Vieux-Champagne, Laurent Daudeville, Jean-Charles Duccini, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] ( 3S-R ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), CRAterre ( CRAterre ), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble ( ENSAG ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures ( M2S ), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures ( GEOMAS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement ( FCBA ), Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures ( 3S ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CRAterre (CRAterre), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), and Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA)
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Engineering, Digital image correlation, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Full scale, [ SPI.GCIV.DV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Displacement (vector), Bracing, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], 0201 civil engineering, Infill, Shear wall, Earthquake shaking table, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [ SPI.GCIV.STRUCT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Mortar, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; This paper aims at presenting a digital correlation technique to capture the full-field displacement thanks to a high-speed camera of a full scale structure tested on a shaking table. The challenges are both the measurements at a full scale to visualize damages versus the resolution of pictures and the dynamical loading that requires a large number of pictures. The final goal is a better understanding of the seismic behavior of timber-framed structures with infill to help at modeling such structures and predicting their seismic vulnerability. For this purpose, results of shake table tests carried out on a full-scale one-story timber-framed house filled with stones bonded by an earth based mortar are presented and discussed. DIC full-field measurements allow deriving displacements and accelerations on shear walls as well as lateral forces applied on them. The experimental results presented herein allow analyzing the influence of bracing and might be used to propose optimized aseismic constructions based on cheap technological solutions. These results demonstrate the seismic-resistant behavior of timber-framed structures with infill and constitute a key issue for the promotion of such constructions in developing countries.
Published: 2016
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24. Pullout simulation of post installed chemically bonded anchors in UHPFRC

Author: Michael Brun, Fabien Delhomme, Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Delhomme, Fabien
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Materials science, lcsh:TA1-2040, 021105 building & construction, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 0211 other engineering and technologies, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0201 civil engineering
Abstract: An experimental and numerical study was completed in order to examine the mechanical behaviour of post-installed bonded anchors in ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete with a compressive strength higher than 130 MPa. The aim was to analyse the failure mechanisms in static pullout tests and to suggest a simple numerical model, which can be employed in a design stage, to reproduce the global behaviour of the anchor. The experimental observations show that a combined pullout and concrete cone failure occurred for an embedment depth of 40 mm and a steel rod failure for an embedment depth of 100 mm. The numerical model was set up using Abaqus software, by adopting the concrete damage plastic model and a surface-based cohesive behaviour for the interface concrete-anchor. The obtained failure modes and ultimate loads are in good agreement with experimental results. A minimum embedment depth of 50 mm was assessed to prevent a pullout failure of the anchor.
Published: 2018

25. A generalized Timoshenko beam with embedded rotation discontinuity

Author: Stéphane Grange, Panagiotis Kotronis, Nathan Benkemoun, Ibrahim Bitar, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de Technologie [Saint-Nazaire] (IUT), Université de Nantes (UN), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), SINAPS@ ANR-11-RSNR-0022,SINAPS@,SINAPS@: Séisme & Installations Nucléaires: Assurer et Pérenniser la Sûreté, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, and ANR-11-RSNR-0022,SINAPS@,Séisme et Installation Nucléaire -Améliorer et Pérenniser la Sûreté(2011)
Subjects: Timoshenko beam theory, Cantilever, Cracks, Hinge, Failure, 02 engineering and technology, Plastic hinges, 01 natural sciences, Timoshenko beam, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Assumed enhanced strain method, 0203 mechanical engineering, Regularization, 0101 mathematics, Physics, Generalized beam, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, General Engineering, Fracture mechanics, Strong discontinuity, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, 010101 applied mathematics, Embedded discontinuity, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Regularization (physics), Jump, Bending moment, Analysis
Abstract: International audience; A novel generalized Timoshenko beam finite element with higher order shape functions is proposed to simulate structural failure. An embedded rotation discontinuity is adopted at the element level to describe the development of plastic hinges and crack opening. The material behaviour at the discontinuity is characterized by a discrete linear law linking the bending moment and the rotational jump, which allows capturing the released fracture energy. Outside the discontinuity, the behaviour is reproduced within the framework of elasto-plastic generalized standard materials. The generalized enhanced Timoshenko beam finite element, the variational formulation and the specific computational procedures are detailed. Numerical examples of a cantilever beam submitted to a rotation, to a transversal displacement and a two-storey reinforced concrete frame illustrate the capacity of the new beam formulation to regularize the results and to reproduce the structural behaviour up to failure.
Published: 2018
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26. Assessing fragility of a reinforced concrete element to snow avalanches using a non-linear dynamic mass-spring model

Author: P. Favier, D. Bertrand, N. Eckert, I. Ousset, M. Naaim, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN ), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), The authors are grateful to the ANR research program MOPERA (MOdélisation Probabiliste pour l'Etude du Risque d'Avalanche), the MAP3 ALCOTRA INTERREG program, the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) under grant Redes 150119 and grant Fondecyt Postdoc 3160483, the Chilean National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management CONICYT/FONDAP/15110017 (CIGIDEN), and the ECOS-CONICYT Scientific cooperation program under project 'Multi-risk assessment in Chile and France: application to seismic engineering and mountain hazards ECOS170044 and ECOS action C17U02' for financially supporting this work., ANR-09-RISK-0007,MOPERA,MOdélisation Probabiliste pour l'Evaluation du Risque Avalanche(2009), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Fragility, Sensitivity (control systems), lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Reliability (statistics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Structural engineering, Finite element method, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:G, Dynamic loading, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Dynamic pressure, Material properties, business
Abstract: This paper presents an assessment of the fragility of a reinforced concrete (RC) element subjected to avalanche loads, and more generally to dynamic pressure fields applied orthogonally to a wall, within a reliability framework. In order to obtain accurate numerical results with supportable computation times, a light and efficient Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) model describing the mechanical response of the RC element is proposed. The model represents its dynamic mechanical response up to failure. Material non-linearity is taken into account by a moment–curvature approach, which describes the overall bending response. The SDOF model is validated under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions by comparing its results to alternative approaches based on finite element analysis and the yield line theory. Following this, the deterministic SDOF model is embedded within a reliability framework to evaluate the failure probability as a function of the maximal avalanche pressure reached during the loading. Several reliability methods are implemented and compared, suggesting that non-parametric methods provide significant results at a moderate level of computational burden. The sensitivity to material properties, such as tensile and compressive strengths, steel reinforcement ratio, and wall geometry is investigated. The effect of the avalanche loading rate is also underlined and discussed. Finally, the obtained fragility curves are compared with respect to the few proposals available in the snow avalanche engineering field. This approach is systematic and will prove useful in refining formal and practical risk assessments. It could be applied to other similar natural hazards, which induce dynamic pressure fields onto the element at risk (e.g., mudflows, floods) and where potential inertial effects are expected and for which fragility curves are also lacking.
Published: 2018
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27. Discrete Element Modelling of fragmentation with the open-source framework YADE

Author: Dodo, Manon, Guccione, Davide, Thoeni, Klaus, Giacomini, Anna, Bertrand, David, Bourrier, Franck, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Bertrand, David
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, [SPI.GCIV.DV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

28. Co-simulation coupling spectral/finite elements for 3D soil/structure interaction problems

Author: Michael Brun, Florent De Martin, Loïc Zuchowski, Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: Strategy and Management, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Co-simulation, 01 natural sciences, Transient analysis, Software, Soil structure interaction, Media Technology, General Materials Science, Domain decomposition, 0101 mathematics, 021106 design practice & management, Marketing, Physics, business.industry, Hybrid Asynchronous, Mathematical analysis, Domain decomposition methods, Time Integrator, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Finite element method, Elastic wave, 010101 applied mathematics, Asynchronous communication, Integrator, FEM/SEM co-simulation, Soil/structure interaction, business, Elastic wave propagation
Abstract: International audience; The coupling between an implicit finite elements (FE) code and an explicit spectral elements (SE) code has been explored for solving the elastic wave propagation in the case of soil/structure interaction problem. The coupling approach is based on domain decomposition methods in transient dynamics. The spatial coupling at the interface is managed by a standard coupling mortar approach, whereas the time integration is dealt with an hybrid asynchronous time integrator. An external coupling software, handling the interface problem, has been set up in order to couple the FE software Code_Aster with the SE software EFISPEC3D.
Published: 2018
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29. A new concept of precast concrete retaining wall: from laboratory model to the in-situ tests

Author: Quoc-Bao Bui, T.T. Bui, Marion Bost, Philippe Robit, Ali Limam, H. V. Tran, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Département Génie Civil et Urbanisme (GCU), Risques Rocheux et Ouvrages géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/RRO), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon, Ton Duc Thang University [Hô-Chi-Minh-City], GTS : travaux publics (GTS), and This work was funded by contract from GTS Group NGE Lyon in France.
Subjects: Computer simulation, business.industry, Computer science, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Soil nailing, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Retaining wall, Shotcrete, 0201 civil engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Dynamic loading, Precast concrete, Slab, Bearing capacity, business
Abstract: International audience; A new concept for the soil nail walls is here proposed and validated through experimental and numerical approaches. This process, based on the use of precast elements that are easier to install, is cheaper and more aesthetic than the classical methods, but the main advantage is reducing the cement consumption which conducts to divided carbon footprint by three. In order to characterize the structural capacity of this new process, this article present an investigation on two in-situ representative walls, one in shotcrete which is the old way of construction, and the other, consisting the precast reinforced concrete slabs, which is the new process. We thus have a demonstrator on a real scale, and perfectly representative, since the constructive modes, as well as the mechanical, thermal, and hydric loadings are the real ones associated with the environment in situ. Substantial instrumentation has been realized over a long period (nearly 2 years), enabling to follow the evolution of the displacements of each wall and the efforts in the anchor nails. To determine the bearing capacity of the constituent element of the precast nail wall, an experimental study coupled with a numerical simulation has been conducted in the laboratory on a single precast slab. This study allows the evaluation of the load associated to crack initiation and the bearing capacity associated to the ultimate state, at the scale of the constituent elements. Finally, in order to evaluate the behaviour of the two concepts of nail walls in the case of extreme solicitation, a dynamic loading induced by an explosion has been conducted on the site.
Published: 2018
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30. Développement de courbes de fragilité d’une structure de protection passive contre les avalanches de neige

Author: Ousset, I., Bertrand, David, Favier, Philomène, Eckert, Nicolas, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres (CIGIDEN ), and Bertrand, David
Subjects: fragility curves, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.DV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, dynamic conditions, snow avalanche, courbes de fragilité, avalanche, Structure de protection, Protective structure, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, conditions dynamiques, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques
Abstract: This paper presents an assessment of the failure probability of a reinforced concrete protective structure against snow avalanches within dynamic calculation conditions. A mass-spring numerical model, validated by finite elements models, is used in combination with a meta-model. Monte-Carlo simulations based on uncertainties propagation of material properties allow obtaining fragility curves for different loading rates. In theory, inertial effects are expected for only high rates and lead to a substantial modification of the fragility curve obtained in quasi-statics conditions. These rates are however a priori little met in the reality., Cette communication présente une évaluation de la probabilité de défaillance d’une structure de protection paravalanche en béton armé dans le cadre d’un calcul en conditions dynamiques. Un modèle numérique masse-ressort calé sur des modèles éléments finis est utilisé en association avec un méta-modèle. Des simulations Monte-Carlo basées sur la propagation des incertitudes liées aux caractéristiques des matériaux permettent d’obtenir diverses courbes de fragilité pour différents taux de chargement de la sollicitation avalancheuse. Les résultats montrent que des effets inertiels conduisant à une modification substantielle de la courbe de fragilité de la structure obtenue en conditions quasi-statiques sont à prévoir seulement pour des taux élevés a priori peu rencontrés dans la réalité.
Published: 2018

31. Simplified Modeling Strategy for the Thermomechanical Analysis of Massive Reinforced Concrete Structures at an Early Age

Author: Jacky Mazars, Matthieu Briffaut, Stéphane Grange, Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Discretization, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, early age, 02 engineering and technology, Residual, reinforced concrete, THM modeling, damage modeling, scale effect, lcsh:Technology, 0201 civil engineering, lcsh:Chemistry, 021105 building & construction, General Materials Science, Instrumentation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Shrinkage, Weibull distribution, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, business.industry, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Structural engineering, Reinforced concrete, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of the structures [physics.class-ph], lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], lcsh:TA1-2040, Thermomechanical analysis, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, business, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Beam (structure), lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this work is to propose a comprehensive and efficient modeling approach to simulate the entire loading program of the RG8 test (both the restrained shrinkage and mechanical parts) performed within the framework of the French national program CEOS.fr. This effort was made possible by introducing a multi-fiber beam discretization that included a thermomechanical model coupled with a unilateral concrete damage model. Due to the massiveness of the test structure, the scale effect needed to be taken into account. This step could be accomplished through use of a Weibull law. Extensive results were obtained during the experiment, some of which focused on deformations and forces developed in the structure by restrained shrinkage, the times of crack appearance and opening, and the consequences of damage sustained on the residual mechanical performance of the beam. A comparison with calculation output has demonstrated the ability of our modeling approach to simulate phenomena at both global and local levels, thus confirming the relevance of model choices made.
Published: 2018
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32. Simplified modeling strategy for the thermo-mechanical analysis of massive reinforced concrete structures at early age

Author: Mazars, Jacky, Grange, Stéphane, Briffaut, Matthieu, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Grange, Stéphane
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

33. Introduction of shear warping in fibre beam elements for the computation of the nonlinear behaviour of concrete beams

Author: Sophie Capdevielle, Frédéric Dufour, Cédric Desprez, Stéphane Grange, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Sécurité et Durabilité des Ouvrages d'Art (IFSTTAR/MAST/SDOA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Capdevielle, Sophie, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Materials science, Concrete beams, business.industry, Computation, Linear elasticity, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Torsion (mechanics), 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of the structures [physics.class-ph], 010101 applied mathematics, Nonlinear system, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Transverse shear, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.MECA.STRU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 0101 mathematics, Image warping, business
Abstract: International audience; The present paper deals with modelling the nonlinear behaviour of concrete using the fibre element method. Proved to be efficient for slender structural elements mainly subject to normal stresses, the method lacks in accuracy when modelling the effect of shear. The present contribution proposes to enhanced a Timoshenko fibre beam element by adding shear warping deformations in the formulation. Transverse shear as well as torsion warping is taken into account, enabling the computation of the response to a complex loading. Warping degrees of freedom are computed simultaneously with the beam degrees of freedom by a fully implicit solution procedure. Concrete is modelled using a 3D damage model. Due to the coupling of warping and global beam degrees of freedom, the warping displacements in the beam element can evolve with the evolution of concrete damage. The beam element enhancement is validated at the cross-section scale considering a linear elastic behaviour. Enhanced beam elements are then used to model experimentally-tested structural elements. Both the linear and non-linear parts of the structural response are investigated.
Published: 2018

34. Enhancement of multifiber beam elements in the case of reinforced concrete structures for taking into account the lateral confinement of concrete due to stirrup

Author: Natalia Khoder, Stéphane Grange, Yannick Sieffert, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Sieffert, Yannick, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ECN/UN, and Grange, Stéphane
Subjects: Materials science, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Finite Elements, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Multifiber Beam Elements, Stirrups, Cyclic loading, 0101 mathematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Structural engineering, Reinforced concrete, Stirrup, Transverse reinforcement, 010101 applied mathematics, Transverse plane, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Shear (geology), [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, business, Reinforced Concrete, Confinement
Abstract: Pour déterminer la vulnérabilité sismique des structures existantes en béton armé, des méthodes de calcul numérique à l’échelle structurelle efficaces et suffisamment précises sont nécessaires. Dans le cas d’éléments poutres, les recherches actuelles concernent le développement de cinématiques enrichies pour mieux tenir compte de la déformée des sections. A cette échelle, des formulations permettent déjà de reproduire les déformations de cisaillement. En revanche, concernant les cadres d’armatures, soit ils ne sont pas du tout considérés, soit ils ne permettent pas d’établir un véritable équilibre global de la section transversale permettant de calculer le confinement du béton. Cependant, comme le montrent certains essais expérimentaux, la quantité d’armatures transversales pilote d’une manière significative le comportement de ces poutres. Le travail présenté dans cet article propose un modèle poutre multifibre enrichi pour la prise en compte de l’effet de confinement du béton par les armatures transversales. Des déplacements transversaux additionnels d’enrichissement permettent d’enrichir la cinématique de la section transversale pour y calculer l’équilibre. Le modèle est dans un premier temps validé avec des tests simples et une loi de comportement élastique linéaire pour le matériau composant la section., Academic Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol 35 No 1 (2017): Special Issue - RUGC 2017 Nantes
Published: 2018

35. Numerical analysis on seismic resistance of a two-story timber-framed structure with stone and earth infill

Author: Stéphane Grange, Laurent Daudeville, Philippe Garnier, E. Fritsch, H. Algusab, Yannick Sieffert, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures constructives (AE&CC), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), CRAterre (CRAterre), ANR-10-HAIT-0003,REparH(2010), ANR-15-IDEX-02,CYBER@ALPS,Grenoble Alpes Cybersecurity Institute(2017), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), and ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015)
Subjects: Visual Arts and Performing Arts, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, seismic resistance, 0201 civil engineering, 021105 building & construction, Architecture, traditional house, Infill, Geotechnical engineering, Seismic resistance, hysteresis behavior, [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, business.industry, Numerical analysis, multi-stories timber-framed, numercial analysis, Masonry, earth mortar, Haiti, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, nonlinear elements, business, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Due to their seismic resistance, traditional timber-framed structures with masonry infill suffered little damage during recent earthquakes. Moreover, timber-framed structures can be built with reduced costs thanks to the use of locally available materials such as wood, stone, and earth. Based on an experimentally validated numerical simulation for a one-story house, the seismic resistance of a similar two-story house is investigated. A simplified Finite Element Model with linear and nonlinear truss elements is proposed to analyze the seismic resistance of a two-story building. Nonlinear hysteresis constitutive laws are defined only for two majorcomponents of the structure which are assumed to be representative of the global structure behavior: diagonal X-crosses (concentrating the interaction with the infill material) and steel strip connections. These kinds of structures have been overlooked due to a lack of knowledge of their potential behavior in seismic prone area and a lack of building codes and standards for their own design. To promote them, a failure criterion, that might easily be used in engineering studies, is required. This article proposes a simple criterion based on Eurocode 8 to quantify the seismic resistance of one- and two-story houses. The simulation shows that, even in case of high intensity ground motion, the two-story building should not be collapsed. This study may help at designing two-story timber-framed structures in seismic prone areas for (re)construction projects.
Published: 2018
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36. Behaviour of a 2D reinforced concrete frame structure under differential seismic excitation

Author: Ghannoum, Maria, Imtiaz, Afifa, Grange, Stéphane, Causse, Matthieu, Cornou, Cécile, Baroth, Julien, Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), ANR-11-EQPX-0040/11-EQPX-0040,RESIF-CORE,Réseau sismologique et géodésique français : l’équipement fondamental(2011), European Project: 262330,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,NERA(2010), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and ANR-11-EQPX-0040,RESIF-CORE,Réseau sismologique et géodésique français : l'équipement fondamental(2011)
Subjects: Differential Seismic Excitation, Finite Element Model, Nonlinear Behavior, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract: International audience; Two very dense seismographic arrays were deployed in a seismically active area in Greece to incorporate the difference in amplitude and phase between two stations located within the dimension of a structure. The spatial variability in seismic ground motion is generally attributed to the wave passage effect, the incoherence effect, and the local site effect. It can cause severe damage on lifeline structures. This article studies the behavior of a reinforced concrete 2D frame structure subjected to differential seismic excitation at the supports. Both linear and nonlinear finite multifiber element models of the seismic behavior of this structure are used. The nonlinear behavior of the structure, under these different cases, displays different damage patterns and maximum displacements. This study allows evaluating the uncertainty that can be propagated through the finite element model, aiming at reducing variability for structural design purposes.
Published: 2018
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37. Modeling real phononic crystals via the weighted relaxed micromorphic model with free and gradient micro-inertia

Author: Morvan Ouisse, Patrizio Neff, Angela Madeo, Manuel Collet, Marco Miniaci, Kevin Billon, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors want to thank the Institut Universitaire de France, INSA-Lyon for the funding of the BQR 2016 'Caractérisation mécanique inverse des métamatériaux: modélisation, identification expérimentale des paramétres et évolutions possibles', as well as the CNRS-INSIS for the funding of the PEPS project., ANR-12-JS09-0008,COVIA,Composites périodiques pour l'absorption vibroacoustique large bande(2012), ANR-11-LABX-0001,ACTION,Systèmes intelligents intégrés au cœur de la matière(2011), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], and ANR-11-LABX-0001/11-LABX-0001,ACTION,Systèmes intelligents intégrés au cœur de la matière(2011)
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physics - Classical Physics, Inertia, 0203 mechanical engineering, General Materials Science, Dispersion (water waves), Anisotropy, Fitting of the elastic coefficients, Microstructure, media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Complete band-gaps, Mechanical Engineering, Isotropy, Gradient micro-inertia, Inverse approach, Metamaterial, Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), Relaxed micromorphic model, Free micro-inertia, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 74A10, 74A30, 74A60, 74E15, 74M25, 74Q15, Vibration, Wavelength, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Classical mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Metamaterials, Mathematik, Phononic crystals, 0210 nano-technology, Bloch wave
Abstract: International audience; In this paper the relaxed micromorphic continuum model with weighted free and gradient microinertia is used to describe the dynamical behavior of a real two-dimensional phononic crystal for a wide range of wavelengths arriving down to the size of the unit cell. In particular, a periodic structure with specific micro-structural topology and mechanical properties, capable of opening a phononic band-gap, is chosen with the criterion of showing a low degree of anisotropy (the band-gap is almost independent of the direction of propagation of the traveling wave). A Bloch wave analysis is performed to obtain the dispersion curves and the corresponding vibrational modes of the periodic structure. A linear-elastic, isotropic, relaxed micromorphic model including both a free micro-inertia (related to free vibrations of the microstructures) and a gradient micro-inertia (related to the motions of the microstructure which are coupled to the macro-deformation of the unit cell) is introduced and particularized to the case of plane wave propagation. The parameters of the relaxed model are then calibrated on the dispersion curves of the phononic crystal showing an excellent agreement in terms of both dispersion curves and vibrational modes. Almost all the homogenized elastic parameters of the relaxed micromorphic model result to be determined. This opens the way to the design of morphologically complex meta-structures which make use of the chosen phononic structure as the basic building block and which preserve its ability of “stopping” elastic wave propagation at the scale of the structure.
Published: 2018
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38. Predicting mechanical degradation indicators of silver fir wooden strips using near infrared spectroscopy

Author: Jean-Baptiste Barré, Loïc Brancheriau, Marie-France Thévenon, Franck Bourrier, Lauric Cécillon, David Bertrand, Freddy Rey, Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), BioWooEB (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 114 BioWooEB), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble (UGA UFR FEG), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers, Coefficient of determination, Materials science, Mean squared error, Analytical chemistry, Spectroscopie infrarouge, Young's modulus, Biodégradation, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Bois, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Flexural strength, 010608 biotechnology, Partial least squares regression, J12 - Manutention, transport, stockage et conservation des produits forestiers, General Materials Science, Analyse de régression, Elasticity (economics), Spectroscopy, 040101 forestry, biology, Méthode statistique, business.industry, Élasticité, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Structural engineering, biology.organism_classification, Abies alba, Propriété mécanique, Propriété technologique, symbols, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: The management of ecological engineering structures making up a timber structure requires periodical evaluations, including the level of decay of the constituent parts of the timber structure. Methods exist to measure the level of decay in the laboratory or in the field. However, they are rarely suitable for the conditions of ecological engineering structures, or give partial information. The aim of this study was to predict two mechanical degradation indicators ( $$Dw_{MOE}$$ and $$Dw_{MOR}$$ ) of silver fir (Abies alba) wooden strips during microbial decomposition using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). For 1.5 years, the degradation of 180 squared wooden strips, 30 mm wide and 500 mm long, buried in a greenhouse near Grenoble, France (Altitude: 200 m) was monitored. $$Dw_{MOE}$$ and $$Dw_{MOR}$$ were set from the normalized losses in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), two mechanical properties classically used for timber-structure design. A calibration set of 109 samples was selected to build two separate predictive models of $$Dw_{MOE}$$ and $$Dw_{MOR}$$ using partial least square regression. The NIR-based models applied to a validation set of 47 samples indicated good prediction performance. The model has a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.15 and a coefficient of determination ( $$r^2_p$$ ) of 0.79. The $$Dw_{MOR}$$ model has a RMSEP of 0.13 and a $$r^{2}$$ -value of 0.91. These results highlight the considerable potential of NIRS in assessing the extension of decay in wooden logs.
Published: 2018
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39. Low-and high-frequency Stoneley waves, reflection and transmission at a Cauchy/relaxed micromorphic interface

Author: Aivaliotis, Alexios, Daouadji, Ali, Barbagallo, Gabriele, Tallarico, Domenico, Neff, Patrizio, Madeo, Angela, Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)
Subjects: corresponding author, 74B05 (classical linear elasticity), Stoneley waves, 74J10 (bulk waves), total reflection and transmission AMS 2010 subject classification: 74A10 (stress), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Classical Physics, enriched continuum mechanics, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 74A60 (micromechanical theories), [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 74J20 (wave scattering), 74J05 (linear waves), Rayleigh waves, Mathematical Physics, 74A30 (nonsimple materials), 74M25 (micromechanics), 74Q15 (effective constitutive equations) 1 Alexios Aivaliotis, Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), Mathematical Physics (math-ph), wave-propagation, metamaterials, 75J15 (surface waves), relaxed micromorphic model, interface, band-gaps
Abstract: In this paper we study the reflective properties of a 2D interface separating a homogeneous solid from a band-gap metamaterial by modeling it as an interface between a classical Cauchy continuum and a relaxed micromorphic medium. We show that the proposed model is able to predict the onset of Stoneley interface waves at the considered interface both at low and high-frequency regimes. More precisely, critical angles for the incident wave can be identified, beyond which classical Stoneley waves, as well as microstructure-related Stoneley waves appear. We show that this onset of Stoneley waves, both at low and high frequencies, strongly depends on the relative mechanical properties of the two media. We suggest that a suitable tailoring of the relative stiffnesses of the two media can be used to conceive "smart interfaces" giving rise to wide frequency bounds where total reflection or total transmission may occur.
Published: 2018
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40. Relaxed micromorphic modeling of the interface between a homogeneous solid and a band-gap metamaterial : new perspectives towards metastructural design

Author: Patrizio Neff, Angela Madeo, Marco Valerio d'Agostino, Marco Miniaci, Gabriele Barbagallo, Manuel Collet, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen]
Subjects: Materials science, AMS 2010: 74A10, 74A30, 74A60, 74E15, 74M25, 74Q15, Band gap, General Mathematics, complete band-gaps, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, free micro-inertia, 01 natural sciences, gradient micro-inertia, Optics, 0203 mechanical engineering, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], non-local, General Materials Science, effects, 0101 mathematics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, business.industry, Isotropy, transmission, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Metamaterial, generalized continuum models, Non local, 74A10, 74A30, 74A60, 74E15, 74M25, 74Q15, 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Homogeneous, relaxed micromorphic model, Mathematik, meta-structures, business, reflection
Abstract: In the present paper, the material parameters of the isotropic relaxed micromorphic model derived for a specific metamaterial in a previous contribution are used to model its transmission properties. Specifically, the reflection and transmission coefficients at an interface between a homogeneous solid and the chosen metamaterial are analyzed by using both the relaxed micromorphic model and a direct FEM implementation of the detailed microstructure. The obtained results show an excellent agreement between the transmission spectra derived via our enriched continuum model and those issued by the direct FEM simulation. Such excellent agreement validates the indirect measure of the material parameters and opens the way towards an efficient meta-structural design., Comment: The paper has been already accepted in Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids as it is
Published: 2018
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41. Explicit/implicit multi-time step co-simulation in unbounded medium with Rayleigh damping and application for wave barrier

Author: Michael Brun, Sergey V. Kuznetsov, Sijia Li, Irini Djeran-Maigre, Groupe de Recherche en Géomécanique (GRG), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), institute for Problems in Mechanics [Moscow], and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)
Subjects: Physics, subdomain decomposition, [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], Environmental Engineering, Wave propagation, Interface (Java), Mathematical analysis, Hybrid asynchronous Rayleigh absorbing layers (HA-ALID), 0211 other engineering and technologies, wave propagation, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, Time step, Co-simulation, wave barrier, Domain (software engineering), 021105 building & construction, Rayleigh damping, multi-physics, interface, unbounded medium, co-simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Co-simulation strategies using both Abaqus/Explicit and Abaqus/Implicit are investigated for analysing wave propagation in two-dimensional unbounded soil domain. The co-simulation is based on the c...
Published: 2018
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42. Integration of material and process modelling in a business decision support system: Case of COMPOSELECTOR H2020 project

Author: Borek Patzak, Ali Daouadji, Sabrina Pricl, Salim Belouettar, Carlos Kavka, Gaetano Giunta, Gast. Rauchs, Hein Koelman, Angela Madeo, Belouettar, Salim, Kavka, Carlo, Patzak, Borek, Koelman, Hein, Rauchs, Gast., Giunta, Gaetano, Madeo, Angela, Pricl, Sabrina, Daouadji, Ali, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esteco SpA, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Dow Benelux N.V., Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of Trieste, Groupe de Recherche en Géomécanique (GRG), and The authors would like to acknowledge the support of EU H2020 COMPOSELECTOR project (GA no: 721105).
Subjects: Process modeling, Business process, Computer science, Interoperability, BPMN, 02 engineering and technology, Model selection, KPIs, Business Process Model and Notation, 0203 mechanical engineering, Material selection, Business decision mapping, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, DMN, BDSS, MODA, Civil and Structural Engineering, Life Cycle Engineering, Data, Metadata, [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, Business decision, [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Material model, Engineering management, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Ceramics and Composites, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, Performance indicator, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [SPI.GCIV.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Matériaux composites et construction, 0210 nano-technology, KPI
Abstract: International audience; This paper shares and contributes to a ground-breaking vision developed and being implemented which consists in the integration of materials modelling methodologies and knowledge-based systems with business process for decision making. The proposed concept moves towards a new paradigm of material and process selection and design by developing and implementing an integrated multi-disciplinary, multi-model and multi-field approach together with its software tool implementation for an accurate, reliable, efficient and cost effective prediction, design, fabrication, Life Cycle Engineering (LCE), cost analysis and decision making. This new paradigm of integrated material design is indeed endowed with a great potential by providing further insights that will promote further innovations on a broad scale.
Published: 2018
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43. Quantification of the amplitude variability of the ground motion in Argostoli, Greece. Variability of linear and non-linear structural response of a single degree of freedom system

Author: Frédéric Dufour, Stéphane Grange, Cécile Cornou, Eleni Koufoudi, Afifa Imtiaz, Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), European Project: 262330,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,NERA(2010), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: 0211 other engineering and technologies, Phase (waves), SDOF, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Displacement (vector), Physics::Geophysics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Argostoli, Linear response, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Hydrogeology, Building and Construction, Non-linear response, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Geodesy, Term (time), Nonlinear system, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Geophysics, Amplitude, Surface wave, Dense array, Spatial variability, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, Spatial variability of ground motions, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The term “spatial variability of seismic ground motions” denotes the differences in the amplitude and phase content of seismic motions. The effect of such spatial variability on the structural response is still an open issue. In-situ experiments may be helpful in order to answer the questions regarding both the quantification of the spatial variability of the ground motion within the dimensions of a structure as well as the effect on its dynamic response. The goal of the present study is to quantify the variability of the seismic ground motion accelerations in the shallow sedimentary basin of Argostoli, Greece, and thereafter to identify its effect on the linear and non-linear elasto-plastic response of a single degree of freedom system in terms of spectral displacements. Around 400 earthquakes are used, recorded by the 21-element very dense seismological array deployed in Argostoli with inter-station spacing ranging from 5 to 160 meters. The seismic motion variability, evaluated in terms of spectral accelerations, is found to be significant and to increase with inter-station distance and frequency. Thereafter, the amplitude variability in terms of spectral displacements, which is indeed the linear response of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system with various fundamental periods, is compared with the amplitude variability of a SDOF with non-linear elasto-plastic response. The variability of the maximum top displacement of the linear single degree of freedom system is estimated to be on average 12% with larger variabilities to be observed within two narrow frequency ranges (between 1.5 and 1.7 Hz and between 3 and 4 Hz). Such high variabilities are caused by locally edge-generated diffracted surface waves. The non-linear perfectly elasto-platic structural response of the SDOF system shows that although the variability has the same trends as in the case of linear response, it is almost constantly increased by 5%.
Published: 2018
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44. Relaxed micromorphic model of transient wave propagation in anisotropic band-gap metastructures

Author: Alexios Aivaliotis, Angela Madeo, Gabriele Barbagallo, Patrizio Neff, Domenico Tallarico, Marco Valerio d'Agostino, Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], All the authors acknowledge funding from the 'Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes' for the 'SCUSI' project for international mobility France/Germany., ANR-17-CE08-0006,METASMART,Modèles continus enrichis pour les métamatériaux comme pièges d'ondes(2017), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)
Subjects: Computation, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Physics - Classical Physics, anisotropy, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the solides [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, Waveform, General Materials Science, Anisotropy, Physics, Continuum (measurement), Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Linear elasticity, Cauchy distribution, Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Classical mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Modeling and Simulation, Bounded function, relaxed micromorphic model, Mathematik, transient dynamic response, elastic metamaterials, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we show that the transient waveforms arising from several localised pulses in a micro-structured material can be reproduced by a corresponding generalised continuum of the relaxed micromorphic type. Specifically, we compare the dynamic response of a bounded micro-structured material to that of bounded continua with special kinematic properties: (i) the relaxed micromorphic continuum and (ii) an equivalent Cauchy linear elastic continuum. We show that, while the Cauchy theory is able to describe the overall behaviour of the metastructure only at low frequencies, the relaxed micromorphic model goes far beyond by giving a correct description of the pulse propagation in the frequency band-gap and at frequencies intersecting the optical branches. In addition, we observe a computational time reduction associated with the use of the relaxed micromorphic continuum, compared to the sensible computational time needed to perform a transient computation in a micro-structured domain.
Published: 2018
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45. Evaluation of one-way shear behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs: experimental and numerical analysis

Author: Ali Limam, Wendpanga-Serge-Auguste Nana, Emmanuel Ferrier, Marion Bost, T.T. Bui, Quoc-Bao Bui, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Département Génie Civil et Urbanisme (GCU), Laboratoire des Matériaux Composites pour la Construction (LMC2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Risques Rocheux et Ouvrages géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/RRO), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon, Ton Duc Thang University [Hô-Chi-Minh-City], Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City, and parent
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Eurocode, shear, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, CISAILLEMENT, 021105 building & construction, CHARGE LOCALISEE, Geotechnical engineering, EXPERIMENTATION, Boundary value problem, Concrete slab, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering, experiment, business.industry, Numerical analysis, BETON ARME, Structural engineering, Shear reinforcement, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Reinforced concrete, concentrated load, Finite element method, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Shear (geology), DALLE, METHODE DES ELEMENTS FINIS, finite element, business, CHARGE
Abstract: The shear design of concrete slabs is still an unsolved problem. The following study presents experimental and numerical investigations on the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs (without shear reinforcement) under concentrated loads. The small thick slabs of 10 cm were tested in this study. Experimental tests were conducted to quantify the shear strength and the associated failure modes. The influence of several variables was addressed such as the influence of boundary conditions, four supported side slabs instead of two supported side slabs, the influence of loading plate length. A series of eight tests on six slabs were presented. The experiments are firstly used to evaluate the pertinence of Eurocode 2 and Model Code 2010 formulations using the levels of approximation LoA I and LoA II for the shear design of reinforced concrete slabs without shear reinforcement in comparison with the French approach, and secondly validated numerical modelling using the non-linear finite element method. The proposed numerical model showed good agreement with the experimental results in terms of slab behaviour.; La conception au cisaillement de dalles en béton reste encore un problème irrésolu. L'étude suivante présente des investigations numérique et expérimentale sur le comportement au cisaillement de dalles en béton armé (sans renforcement au cisaillement) sous charge localisée. Des dalles de faible épaisseur (10cm) ont été testées dans cette étude. Les essais ont permis de quantifier la résistance au cisaillement et les modes de rupture associés. L'influence de plusieurs paramètres a été étudiée telles que les conditions-limites ou les dimensions du plateau de chargement. Une série de 8 essais sur 6 dalles est présentée. Les expériences ont été dans un premier temps, utilisées pour évaluer la pertinence des formules de l'Eurocode 2 et du ModelCode 2010 en utilisant les niveaux d'approximation LoAI et LoAII pour le dimensionnement au cisaillement de dalles en béton armé sans renforcement au cisaillement en comparaison de l'approche française. Dans un second temps, les résultats ont été validés numériquement par une méthode aux éléments finis non-linaires. Le modèle numérique proposé a montré une bonne adéquation avec les résultats expérimentaux en termes de de comportement de dalle.
Published: 2017
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46. Approaches to determine the ultimate strength and failure mechanisms of RC short columns retrofitted by FRP

Author: Emmanuel Ferrier, Michael Brun, Ali Limam, K. Le Nguyen, University of Transport Technology, 54 Trieu Khuc, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam, Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Engineering, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Fibre-reinforced plastic, Finite element method, 0201 civil engineering, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Plating, 021105 building & construction, Ultimate tensile strength, short columns, finite-element analysis, Seismic retrofit, CFRP, business, Civil and Structural Engineering, seismic retrofit
Abstract: International audience; In the context of building protection against earthquakes, the strengthening technique by FRP (Fibre-Reinforced Polymers) plating and wrapping provides a relevant solution. The objective of this research is to evaluate the ultimate strength and failure mechanisms of externally FRP retrofitting on RC short columns. The analytical approach employs design equations proposed in construction guidelines for reproducing the concrete confinement provided by FRP wraps with fibres predominantly in the hoop direction. The strength and failure modes provided by the analytical approach are consistent with the experimental data. Then, a pushover analysis using a finite-element method is performed to investigate the efficiency for the FRP-retrofitted configurations of the short RC columns. The numerical assessment of the shear strength turns out to be more accurate than the one issued from analytical approach. In addition, the observed failure modes are well retrieved and are clearly illustrated through the display of consistent bending or shear cracking patterns. Finally, the ultimate displacements are assessed by the numerical procedure, highlighting the advantages of the partially FRP-strengthened configuration in comparison to the fully strengthened case in terms of ductility.
Published: 2017
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47. Experimental Analysis of a Shake Table Test of Timber-Framed Structures with Stone and Earth Infill

Author: Yannick Sieffert, Stéphane Grange, C. Belinga Nko'ol, E. Bertrand, Laurent Daudeville, Jean-Charles Duccini, F. Vieux-Champagne, Carole Faye, CRAterre ( CRAterre ), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble ( ENSAG ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] ( 3S-R ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures ( M2S ), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures ( GEOMAS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes ( ETIS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications ( ENSEA ) -Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures ( 3S ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CRAterre (CRAterre), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Architecture, Environnement & Cultures Constructives (AE&CC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Méditerranée (Cerema Direction Méditerranée), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), and Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA)
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, [ SPI.GCIV.DV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 0201 civil engineering, Geophysics, Infill, [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Earthquake shaking table, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, Geotechnical engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, [ SPI.GCIV.STRUCT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, Mortar, business, Earth (classical element), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The seismic performance of timber-framed structures filled with stones and earth mortar has been analyzed by introducing the structural subscales (cell, wall, house) at which monotonic and cyclic loadings were considered. This article aims to present the dynamic behavior of a house as determined through shaking table tests. Based on this experimental multiscale analysis, this paper confirms that timbered masonry structures offer effective seismic resistance; moreover, such a comprehensive analysis helps enhance understanding of the seismic-resistant behavior of timber-framed structures with infill. This paper also aids ongoing development of a numerical tool intended to predict the seismic-resistant behavior of this type of structure.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. A new heterogeneous asynchronous explicit–implicit time integrator for nonsmooth dynamics

Author: Fatima-Ezzahra Fekak, Bruno Depale, Anthony Gravouil, Michael Brun, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Sols - Matériaux - Structures, Intégrité et Durabilité (SMS-ID), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and CEntre Technique des Industries Mécaniques - Cetim (FRANCE)
Subjects: Scale (ratio), Computation, Computational Mechanics, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0203 mechanical engineering, Control theory, Contact, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Time-stepping scheme, Nonsmooth dynamics, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Seismic loading, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], 010101 applied mathematics, Computational Mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Impact, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Rate of convergence, Asynchronous communication, Heterogeneous asynchronous time integrator, Lagrange multiplier, Integrator, symbols, Explicit time integrator, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: International audience; In computational structural dynamics, particularly in the presence of nonsmooth behavior, the choice of the time-step and the time integrator has a critical impact on the feasibility of the simulation. Furthermore, in some cases, as in the case of a bridge crane under seismic loading, multiple time-scales coexist in the same problem. In that case, the use of multi-time scale methods is suitable. Here, we propose a new explicit–implicit heterogeneous asynchronous time integrator (HATI) for nonsmooth transient dynamics with frictionless unilateral contacts and impacts. Furthermore, we present a new explicit time integrator for contact/impact problems where the contact constraints are enforced using a Lagrange multiplier method. In other words, the aim of this paper consists in using an explicit time integrator with a fine time scale in the contact area for reproducing high frequency phenomena, while an implicit time integrator is adopted in the other parts in order to reproduce much low frequency phenomena and to optimize the CPU time. In a first step, the explicit time integrator is tested on a one-dimensional example and compared to Moreau-Jean’s event-capturing schemes. The explicit algorithm is found to be very accurate and the scheme has generally a higher order of convergence than Moreau-Jean’s schemes and provides also an excellent energy behavior. Then, the two time scales explicit–implicit HATI is applied to the numerical example of a bridge crane under seismic loading. The results are validated in comparison to a fine scale full explicit computation. The energy dissipated in the implicit–explicit interface is well controlled and the computational time is lower than a full-explicit simulation.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. A warping multifibre beam model to assess the seismic vulnerability ofexisting reinforced concrete structures

Author: CAPDEVIELLE, Sophie, Grange, Stéphane, Dufour, Frédéric, DESPREZ, Cédric, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Sécurité et Durabilité des Ouvrages d'Art (IFSTTAR/MAST/SDOA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

50. Sesimic finite element analsis of an existing old concrete struc- ture by using multifiber beams : Introduction of an adaptive pushover method

Author: Omar, Ahmad, Grange, Stéphane, Dufour, Frédéric, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Mécanique des Matériaux et des Structures (M2S), Géomécanique, Matériaux et Structures (GEOMAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Risques, Vulnérabilité des structures et comportement mécanique des matériaux (RV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Grange, Stéphane
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.DV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, [SPI.GCIV.DV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Dynamique, vibrations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

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