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1. Humusica 2, article 19: Techno humus systems and global change - Conservation agriculture and 4/1000 proposal

Author

Masanobu Fukuoka, Budiman Minasny, Manuel Blouin, Augusto Zanella, Jeff Lowenfels, Luigi Sartori, Marcel Bouché, Debasish Saha, Cristian Bolzonella, Jean-François Ponge, Surinder Singh Kukal, Ines Fritz, Stéphane Burgos, Liv Anna Kellermann, Peter Trachsel, Dylan Tatti, Allan Savory, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Association for Garden Communicators (GWA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Allan Savory Institute, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Amt fürLandwirtschaft und Natur des Kantons Bern (LANAT), University of Sydney, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry ( TeSAF ), Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Association for Garden Communicators ( GWA ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Bern University of Applied Sciences ( BFH ), and Amt fürLandwirtschaft und Natur des Kantons Bern ( LANAT )

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Marcel Bouché, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural economics, Matt Damon, Soil, Environmental protection, Greenhouse effect, 2. Zero hunger, Organic Agriculture, Allan Savory, Ecology, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus, Andy Weir, Charles Darwin, Conservation agriculture, Earthworms, Homo sapiens, Humusica, Jeff Lowenfels, Marcel Bouché, Masanobu Fukuoka, Natural farming, Peat, Soil aggregates, Soil C sequestration, Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Science, Tillage, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Agroecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Soil organic matter, Global warming, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Soil structure, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Philosophy can overlap pedology. It is not casual that life begins and finishes in the soil. We separated the concepts of Humipedon, Copedon and Lithopedon. Some sections were dedicated to the founders of the movement for a new type of agriculture (agroecology). They simply proclaim to accompany the process of natural evolution instead of spending a lot of energy in hunting competitor organisms with pesticides or boosting the soil with mineral fertilisation and tillage. The core of the article is built on a biological concept of the soil and shows researches supporting this view. After pointing to the soil structure and illustrating its natural genesis, explaining which cultural conditions may improve its quality, we finished the article with economic considerations, combining at planet level a program of soil restoration with a mitigation of the greenhouse effect. What a reader should have in mind at the end of the article: soil organisms have a prominent positive influence on soil structure and fertility; their mass is proportional to the amount of soil organic matter; it is possible to counteract climate warming by using soil as sink of C. We estimated that the Agro Humipedons of a European economically active region could sink about 13 or 20% of its emissions, by switching from conventional to minimum or no tillage during the coming 40 years. At planetary level, a well-programmed 4 per 1000 action can even be more efficient and might compensate part of the global greenhouse gas effect.

Published
2018
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2. Humusica 2, article 17: Techno humus systems and global change – Three crucial questions

Author

Jean-François Ponge, Stefan Geisen, Jolanta Kwiatkowska-Malina, Michaã«l Aubert, Charles Benbrook, Silvia Fusaro, Tiziano Gomiero, Maria De Nobili, Giovanna Lomolino, Thomas Dilli, Andrea Vacca, Gerard Jagers, Augusto Zanella, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry ( TeSAF ), Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alterra Wageningen University & Research Centre ( ALTERRA ), Benbrook Consulting Services, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Cagliari], Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Etude et compréhension de la biodiversité ( ECODIV ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Department of Biology, Padova University, Italy, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Alterra Wageningen University & Research Centre (ALTERRA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Sociology, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Civilization, Ecology, Intensive farming, business.industry, Environmental ethics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Interdependence, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Humanity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Dierecologie, Animal Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany, Anonymity
Abstract

Some soil scientists or biologists (14, one preferring anonymity) answered the three following questions: (1. Introduction) 2. Why is organic food better (tastes better, is healthier, richer in nutrients, contains less pesticide, etc.) than food produced with hydroponic or intensive farming techniques? 3. In a humipedon, are soil functioning, biodiversity and carbon content three interdependent and intersected aspects of a single ecosystem? In other words, can we treat these aspects as if they were inseparable in a humipedon? 4. Are agriculture and civilization (the society, culture, and way of life) interconnected? All scientists expressed affirmative answers. Nuances or in depth information were also furnished. The article allows to understand the real “agronomic challenge” that the predicted Global Change might represent for humanity.

Published
2018
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3. Calorie restriction and resveratrol supplementation prevent age-related DNA and RNA oxidative damage in a non-human primate

Author

Marchal, J., Dal-Pan, A., Epelbaum, J., Blanc, S., Mueller, S., Wittig Kieffer, M., Metzger, F., Aujard, F., Restrikal, Consortium, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F. Hoffmann-La RocheAG, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Resveratrol, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Stilbenes, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mouse lemur, Nucleosides, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Body Composition, Seasons, Cheirogaleidae, Oxidation-Reduction, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, Calorie restriction, Oxidative phosphorylation, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Caloric Restriction, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Body Weight, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Oxidative Stress, CTL, chemistry, Basal metabolic rate, RNA, Basal Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, DNA Damage
Abstract

International audience; Oxidative stress is a key factor in the aging process and in the development of age-related diseases. Because nutritional interventions such as caloric restriction (CR) delay the onset of age-related diseases and increase the lifespan of many species, the impact of a moderate CR was tested on male grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), which have a median survival time of 5.7 years in captivity. The effects of CR on these lemurs were compared with a potential mimetic, resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol naturally found in grapes. We hypothesized that both CR and RSV impact oxidative DNA and RNA damage compared to standard-fed control (CTL) animals. Adult (3-4 years old) male mouse lemurs were assigned to three dietary groups: a CTL group, a CR group receiving 30% fewer calories than the CTL and a RSV group receiving the CTL diet supplemented with RSV (200 mg*day(-1)*kg(-1)). Oxidative stress was estimated after 3, 9, 15 and 21 months of treatment using the measurement of oxidized nucleosides in urine samples by mass spectrometry. The resting metabolic rate, adjusted for changes in body composition, was also measured to assess the potential relationship between oxygen consumption and oxidative damage markers. This study provides evidence for oxidative stress accumulation with age in grey mouse lemur. Dietary interventions resulted in a short-term increase in oxidative stress levels followed by reduced levels with increasing age. Moreover, in this photoperiod-dependent heterotherm primate, seasonal variations in oxidative stress were observed, which was likely due to a season-dependent, cost-benefit trade-off between torpor use and oxidative stress.

Published
2013
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4. Le site de référence du Partenariat européen d’innovation pour un vieillissement actif et en bonne santé MACVIA-LR (contre les maladies chroniques pour un vieillissement en bonne santé en Languedoc-Roussillon)

Author

Miren David, Ariane Sultan, Guillaume Pandraud, Benoît G. Bardy, Jacques Morel, Giacomo Cavalli, Sylvain Jacquemin, Christine Rolland, Cyril Breuker, Philippe Boulet, Gregoire Mercier, Stéphane Bouly, Valérie Bruguière, Gwen Mathieu, Marc Meissonnier, Hervé Tassery, Vincent Marmelat, Michel Dauzat, Hubert Blain, Gérard Dray, Cyril Laurent, Christine Viarouge-Reunier, Marie Virginie Calmels, François Rivier, Gérard Dupeyron, Gérard Bourrel, Jacquie Berthe, Philippe Domy, Béatrice Lognos, Martine Aoustin, Davide Caimmi, Michel Kaczorek, Mélanie Badin, Pierre Nicolas, Alain Le Quellec, Sylvie Boichot, Vincent Le Moing, C. Boegner, Jérôme Fernandes, Michel Amouyal, Matthieu Desplan, Jean Paul Cristol, T. Camuzat, Karima Bakhti, Jean Michel Verdier, Paule Adnet, Christophe Jorgensen, Denis Sablot, Jean Ribstein, Henriette Dhivert-Donnadieu, Céline Vergne-Richard, Emilie Porte, Christine Azevedo, Isabelle Quéré, Dominique Jakovenko, Marion Gellerat-Rogier, Michel Tanfin, Karen Ritchie, Flavia Oana Coroian, Bernard Guillot, Fabrice Nouvel, J. Pelissier, Anna Bedbrook, Daniel Laune, Jean-Luc Bourrain, Yves Marie Pers, Jean Luc Savy, Chantal Marion, Cherif Heroum, Marianna Danko, Grégoire Vergotte, Françoise Radier-Pontal, Jean Luc Pasquié, Olivier Bénézet, Bernard Combe, Sylvain Richard, Liliane Landreau, Valérie Cros, Isabelle Rédini-Martinez, Emilie Viollet, David Guiraud, François Roubille, Jérôme Froger, Bertrand Coulet, Laurent Journot, Marie Suzanne Léglise, Sylvie Arnavieilhe, Isabel Tavares, Samir Jaber, Olivier Jonquet, David Morquin, Philippe Van de Perre, Roland Sicard, Raphaël Chiron, Vincent Tribout, Pierre Senesse, Xavier Quantin, Jacques Touchon, Kevin Mandrick, Alain Uziel, Vincent Bouix, Marie Christine Picot, Philippe Augé, Martine Lapierre, Antoine Avignon, Eric Pastor, Pascal Demoly, Kjerstin Torre, Jacques Mercier, Jean-Marie Robine, Dominique Larrey, D. J. Costa, Grégory Ninot, Laurent Schifano, Baya Soua, Anne Wojtusciszyn, Jean-Christophe Gris, Didier Delignières, Florence Gressard, Marie Pierre Pasdelou, Fabienne Portejoie, Michel Mondain, Philippe Nérin, Olivier Hantkié, Xavier Bobia, Delphine Paccard, Pierre Géraud Claret, Maxime Villiet, Jacques Burille, Christian Hérisson, Guillaume Tallon, V. Attalin, Jean Emmanuel de la Coussaye, William Camu, Didier Hoa, Chokri Boubakri, Jacques Reynes, Michel Enjalbert, Pascal Kouyoumdjian, Anthony Gellis, Jean Marc Lussert, Jean Philippe Pin, Christian Bourquin, Jean-Marc Lemaitre, Rodolphe Bourret, Isabelle Laffont, Claudine Berr, Marie Christine Courrouy-Michel, Nicolas Giraudeau, Trias Asteriou, Catherine Leblond, Cyril Meunier, Sylvain Lehmann, M. Nogues, Denise Strubel, Raul Punta-Morales, Alain Makinson, Jacques Bringer, Stéphane Perrey, Nathalie Pinto, Yannick Stephan, Charles Fattal, Jean Marc Davy, Arnaud Bourdin, Emilie Royère, Arnaud Dupeyron, Claire Daien, François Vialla, Frédéric Viart, Joël Bockaert, Arnaud Yves Goucham, Pierre Aubas, Huei Yune Bonnin, Fares Gouzi, Véronique Carre, Nicolas Best, Jean Pierre Riso, Jérome Cottalorda, Max Villain, Philippe Dauenhauer, Patrick Messner, Amélie Matheron, Claude Jeandel, Roxana Taddei-Ologeanu, Bernard Alomène, Sylvie Albert, Stéphane Cade, Gérard Canovas, Pauline Coignard, Karine Patte, Sofiane Ramdani, Frédéric Abecassis, Maurice Hayot, Marc Ychou, Anne Laure Coupet, Nathalie Raffort, D. Heve, Philippe Gabrion, Pierre Mares, Pierre Labauge, Marie Pierre Battesti, Denis Mottet, Philippe Fraisse, Jean Bousquet, Jean Louis Pujol, Emilie Galano, Pierre Fesler, Vincent Dufour, Gregory Baptista, Pierre Louis Bernard, Mireille Fouletier, Pierre Dujol, Xavier Vasquez, Jean Paul Ortiz, Pierre Martin-Gousset, Philippe Courtet, Oude Engberink, Valérie Handweiler, S. Granier, Laurence Vian, Françoise Leclercq, Frédéric Cuisinier, Pierre Costa, Guillaume Cayla, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Département d'anesthésie-réanimation[Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Caractéristiques féminines des dysfonctions des interfaces cardio-vasculaires (EA 2992), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geriatrics - Efficiency and Deficiency Laboratory, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département de Biostatistiques, Agence Régionale de Santé Languedoc Roussillon (ARS), Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development [Basel] (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de Géochimie Isotopique Environnementale (GIS) / Université de Nîmes (GIS), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Genre (LARHRA GENRE), LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190 (LARHRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département de Médecine générale, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Control of Artificial Movement and Intuitive Neuroprosthesis (CAMIN), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Département de médecine générale, Université de Montpellier (UM), Euromov (EuroMov), Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Blaise Pascal (LMBP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pathologies du système nerveux : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CERFRANCE Nord Est - Ile de France, Réseau de Vigilance en Dermato-Allergologie - Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches en DERmato-Allergologie (Revidal-Gerda), Réseau de Vigilance en Dermato-Allergologie (Revidal), Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de KERPAPE [Ploemeur] (CMRRF), Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de Kerpape, Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et NanoSciences (LBN), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé (EPSYLON), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratory of Cardio-Vascular Physiology (LCVP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Rééducation et Réadaptation Neuro Orthopédique [Nîmes] (Pôle NACRRE), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes], Centre Mutualiste de Réeducation Neurologique Propara (PROPARA), Languedoc Mutualité, Oc Santé Montpellier, Artificial movement and gait restoration (DEMAR), Unité de Rééducation Neurologique, Centre Hélio-Marin CHU Nîmes, Department de Dermatologie, Médecine physique et de réadaptation, Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] (CHU), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Département de neurologie [Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Bouffard-Vercelli, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Plateforme de Protéomique Clinique, CHU Saint-Eloi, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche souterrain de Meuse/Haute-Marne, Agence Nationale de gestion des Déchets Radioactifs, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des Sciences du Sport (AMU FSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), HORIBA Medical (HORIBA ABX SAS), HORIBA Scientific [France], Unité Mathématique, Informatique et Génome (MIG), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité clinique d'Immuno-Rhumatologie & Thérapeutique des maladies ostéo-articulaires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Lapeyronie, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNICANCER - Institut régional du Cancer [Montpellier] (ICM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Biocommunication en Cardio-Métabolique (BC2M), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département d'oncologie médicale et digestive, Centre de cancérologie Val d'Aurelle, Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives (CIAMS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie et thérapie des déficits sensoriels et moteurs, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche et de Diagnostic sur le Sida (CeDreS), CHU Treichville, Interaction entre Systèmes Protéiques et Différenciation dans la Cellule Tumorale (ISPDCT), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques du droit (DD), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de pharmacologie et innovation dans le diabète (CPID), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] ( PhyMedExp ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Agence Régionale de Santé Languedoc Roussillon ( ARS ), Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier ( IRIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development [Basel] ( pRED ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes ( CHRU Nîmes ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Géochimie Isotopique Environnementale (GIS) / Université de Nîmes ( GIS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nîmes ( UNIMES ), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier ( IRCM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon ( MACVIA-LR ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -World Health Organization ( WHO/OMS ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes ( CHRU Nîmes ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'Alimentation, de l'environnement et du Travail ( ANSES ), ANSES, Genre ( LARHRA GENRE ), LAboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes - UMR5190 ( LARHRA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ), Artificial movement and gait restoration ( DEMAR ), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier ( LIRMM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée ( CRISAM ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Euromov ( EuroMov ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle ( CERV ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Blaise Pascal ( LMBP ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle ( IGF ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Réseau de Vigilance en Dermato-Allergologie - Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches en DERmato-Allergologie ( Revidal-Gerda ), Réseau de Vigilance en Dermato-Allergologie ( Revidal ), Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de KERPAPE [Ploemeur] ( CMRRF ), Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et NanoScience-UM, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier ( IGMM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé ( EPSYLON ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratory of Cardio-Vascular Physiology ( LCVP ), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique ( iPLESP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département de Rééducation et Réadaptation Neuro Orthopédique [Nîmes] ( Pôle NACRRE ), Centre Mutualiste de Réeducation Neurologique Propara ( PROPARA ), Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] ( CHU ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX ( IGF MGX ), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie ( LMT ), École normale supérieure - Cachan ( ENS Cachan ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Saint-Eloi-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses ( TransVIHMI ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Cheikh Anta Diop ( UCAD ) -Universtié Yaoundé 1 (Cameroun)-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux ( DCAS ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des Sciences du Sport ( AMU FSS ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), HORIBA Medical ( HORIBA ABX SAS ), Unité Mathématique, Informatique et Génome ( MIG ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations ( ICAR ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Hôpital Lapeyronie, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UNICANCER - Institut régional du Cancer [Montpellier] ( ICM ), Efficience Déficience Motrice [Montpellier] ( EDM ), Centre de pharmacologie et innovation dans le diabète ( CPID ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives ( CIAMS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de recherche et de Diagnostic sur le Sida ( CeDreS ), Interaction entre Systèmes Protéiques et Différenciation dans la Cellule Tumorale ( ISPDCT ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dynamiques du droit ( DD ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Oc Santé [Montpellier], Interactive Digital Humans (IDH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Service de Rhumatologie [CHRU Montpellier], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-INRP-Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines (ENS LSH)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre de recherche et de Diagnostic sur le Sida [Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire] (CeDreS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville [Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire] (CHU de Treichville), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Aging, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, MESH: Accidental Falls, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Accidental Falls, MESH: Aging, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Humanities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Le site de référence du Partenariat européen d'innovation pour un vieillissement actif et en bonne santé MACVIA-LR (contre les maladies chroniques pour un vieillissement en bonne santé en Languedoc-Roussillon)

Published
2015
Full Text
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5. Écologie tropicale : de l'ombre à la lumière

Author

Swanni Tatiana Alvarado, Christopher Baraloto, Laurent Bremond, François Bretagnolle, Elise Buisson, Sophie Caillon, Joachim Claudet, Edmond Dounias, Marianne Elias, Charly Favier, Colin Fontaine, Pierre-Michel Forget, Eric Garine-Wichatitsky, Martine Hossaert-Mckey, Patrick Mavingui, Doyle Mckey, Hélène Morlon, Jérôme Murienne, Odile Poncy, Franck Prugnolle, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), P.-M. Forget, M. Hossaert-McKey & O. Poncy, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laffont, Rémi, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane ( ECOFOG ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane ( UG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement ( CRIOBE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation ( CESCO ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative ( LESC ), Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Institut de biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure ( IBENS ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), and Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] )

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

192 pages; National audience; Les événements écologiques survenus ces dernières années, notamment en raison des changements globaux, et du réchauffement climatique en particulier, ont fait prendre conscience à l'opinion publique des menaces qui planent sur les zones tropicales. Et les sciences, dans une nouvelle approche transversale et interdisciplinaire, se penchent aujourd'hui sur cette écologie unique qui abrite des écosystèmes d'une grande complexité. En effet, l'équilibre de notre planète repose en partie sur ces environnements fragiles où évolue le plus grand nombre d'espèces en densité et en diversité. Cette biodiversité et la gestion des ressources associées apparaissent comme l'un des enjeux écologiques majeurs du XXIe siècle. Des spécialistes de toutes les disciplines, issus des laboratoires du CNRS ou associés, présentent les travaux menés et tracent les voies prospectives de recherche pour les années à venir. Ils nous font découvrir les spécificités de ces espaces tropicaux, les mécanismes adaptatifs impressionnants développés par les organismes qui y vivent et le fonctionnement de ces systèmes écologiques remarquables. Ce livre nous plonge dans le monde fascinant de la faune et la flore tropicales, encore largement méconnues, et nous invite à penser ce grand défi auquel les sociétés devront faire face : la conciliation du bien-être humain et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles.

Published
2015

6. Impact of hunting and road disturbance on fruit consumption and seed dispersal by frugivores in a tropical rain forest

Author

Pierre-Michel Forget, Albert Daviaud, A., Boissier, O., Bouiges, A., Dracxler, C., François Feer, Mendoza, I., Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MECADEV ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux ( 2011 ), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

7. Taking the rainforest’ temperature : a study case in french Guiana

Author

Pierre-Michel Forget, Albert Daviaud, A., Boissier, O., Bouiges, A., Mendoza, I., François Feer, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MECADEV ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux ( 2011 ), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

8. The impact of agricultural practices on soil biota: a regional study

Author

Antonio Bispo, Jean-François Ponge, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Daniel Cluzeau, Céline Pernin, Jérôme Cortet, Rémi Chaussod, Muriel Guernion, Nuria Ruiz-Camacho, Cécile Villenave, Guénola Pérès, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), 'Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie' (ADEME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 ( OSUR ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, ADEME ( DVTD - SFUSP ), and Ministère de l'écologie de l'Energie, du Développement durable et de l'Aménagement du territoire

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil quality index, Nematodes, Soil biology, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Microbial biomass, Soil Science, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Earthworms, Organic matter, Biotic index, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Soil organic matter, Microarthropods, Agricultural intensity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Humus, chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, Macrofauna, Epigeal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; A gradient of agricultural intensification (from permanent meadows to permanent crops, with rotation crops and meadows as intermediary steps) was studied in the course of the RMQS-Biodiv program, covering a regular grid of 109 sites spread over the whole area of French Brittany. Soil biota (earthworms, other macrofauna, microarthropods, nematodes, microorganisms) were sampled according to a standardized procedure, together with visual assessment of a Humus Index. We hypothesized that soil animal and microbial communities were increasingly disturbed along this gradient, resulting in decreasing species richness and decreasing abundance of most sensitive species groups. We also hypothesized that the application of organic matter could compensate for the negative effects of agricultural intensity by increasing the abundance of fauna relying directly on soil organic matter for their food requirements, i.e. saprophagous invertebrates. We show that studied animal and microbial groups, with the exception of epigeic springtails, are negatively affected by the intensity of agriculture, meadows and crops in rotation exhibiting features similar to their permanent counterparts. The latter result was interpreted as a rapid adaptation of soil biotic communities to periodic changes in land use provided the agricultural landscape remains stable. The application of pig and chicken slurry, of current practice in the study region, alone or in complement to mineral fertilization, proves to be favorable to saprophagous macrofauna and bacterivorous nematodes. A composite biotic index is proposed to synthesize our results, based on a selection of animals groups which responded the most to agricultural intensification or organic matter application: anecic earthworms, endogeic earthworms, macrofauna other than earthworms (macroarthropods and mollusks), saprophagous macrofauna other than earthworms (macroarthropods and mollusks), epigeic springtails, phytoparasitic nematodes, bacterivorous nematodes and microbial biomass. This composite index allowed scoring land uses and agricultural practices on the base of simple morphological traits of soil animals without identification at species level.

Published
2013
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9. Effects of chronic calorie restriction or dietary resveratrol supplementation on insulin sensitivity markers in a primate, Microcebus murinus

Author

Fabien Pifferi, Julia Marchal, Fabienne Aujard, Stéphane Blanc, Jacques Epelbaum, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Phytochemistry, Time Factors, Anatomy and Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Insulin, MESH: Lemur, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Dietary Supplements, Biochemistry, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Stilbenes, Stilbenes, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin, MESH: Animals, MESH: Oxygen Consumption, MESH: Animal Feed, lcsh:Science, MESH : Oxygen Consumption, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Glucose tolerance test, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Chemistry, MESH: Insulin Resistance, MESH : Animal Feed, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, MESH : Insulin Resistance, MESH : Lemur, Research Article, MESH : Time Factors, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Caloric Restriction, MESH : Male, MESH: Glucose Tolerance Test, Calorie restriction, Endocrine System, MESH: Insulin, Carbohydrate metabolism, Biology, MESH : Stilbenes, MESH : Diet, MESH : Glucose Tolerance Test, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, Insulin resistance, MESH: Diet, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Animals, MESH : Dietary Supplements, Caloric Restriction, Nutrition, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Caloric Restriction, Endocrine Physiology, Lemur, lcsh:R, MESH: Time Factors, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, MESH : Blood Glucose, Animal Feed, MESH: Male, Diet, Endocrinology, Resveratrol, Dietary Supplements, Basal metabolic rate, MESH: Blood Glucose, lcsh:Q, MESH : Animals, Insulin Resistance, Physiological Processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; The prevalence of diabetes and hyperinsulinemia increases with age, inducing metabolic failure and limiting lifespan. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition delays the aging process, but its long-term application to humans seems difficult. Resveratrol (RSV), a dietary polyphenol, appears to be a promising CR mimetic that can be easily administered in humans. In this work, we hypothesized that both CR and RSV impact insulin sensitivity in a non-human primate compared to standard-fed control (CTL) animals. Four- to five-year-old male grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) were assigned to three dietary groups: a CTL group, a CR group receiving 30% fewer calories than the CTL and a RSV group receiving the CTL diet supplemented with RSV (200 mg*day(-1)*kg(-1)). Insulin sensitivity and glycemia were assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) evaluation after 21 or 33 months of chronic treatment. Resting metabolic rate was also measured to assess the potential relationships between this energy expenditure parameter and insulin sensitivity markers. No differences were found after a 21-month period of treatment, except for lower glucose levels 30 min after glucose loading in CR animals. After 33 months, CR and RSV decreased glycemia after the oral glucose loading without decreasing fasting blood insulin. A general effect of treatment was observed on the HOMA-IR index, with an 81% reduction in CR animals and 53% in RSV animals after 33 months of treatment compared to CTL. Chronic CR and dietary supplementation with RSV affected insulin sensitivity by improving the glucose tolerance of animals without disturbing their baseline insulin secretion. These results suggest that both CR and RSV have beneficial effects on metabolic alterations, although these effects are different in amplitude between the two anti-aging treatments and potentially rely on different metabolic changes.

Published
2012
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10. Caloric restriction or resveratrol supplementation and ageing in a non-human primate: first-year outcome of the RESTRIKAL study in Microcebus murinus

Author

Philippe Zizzari, Isabelle Chery, Stéphane Blanc, Fabien Pifferi, Julia Marchal, Jacques Epelbaum, Jean Luc Picq, Martine Perret, Alexandre Dal-Pan, Roger Botalla, Jérémy Terrien, Fabienne Aujard, Alexandre Zahariev, Isabelle Hardy, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (LPN), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), ANR-06-PNRA-0010,RESTRIKAL,RESTRIKAL : L'activation des situines par le resvératrol (polyphénol) mime-t-elle les effets de la restriction calorique sur l'augmentation de la longévité chez un primate non-humain?(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-PNRA-010-01,ANR-06-PNRA-010-01, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie [saint-Denis] ( LPN ), and Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis ( UP8 )

Subjects
Male, Aging, Microcebus murinus, Physiology, Lemur, food restriction, Resveratrol, Prosimian, resveratrol, Cheirogaleidae, Antioxidants, Article, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Stilbenes, Animals, doubly labelled water method, Caloric Restriction, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, biomarkers, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, energy balance, Biochemistry, chemistry, Ageing, ageing, Basal metabolic rate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; A life-long follow-up of physiological and behavioural functions was initiated in 38-month-old mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) to test whether caloric restriction (CR) or a potential mimetic compound, resveratrol (RSV), can delay the ageing process and the onset of age-related diseases. Based on their potential survival of 12 years, mouse lemurs were assigned to three different groups: a control (CTL) group fed ad libitum, a CR group fed 70% of the CTL caloric intake and a RSV group (200 mg/kg.day(-1)) fed ad libitum. Since this prosimian primate exhibits a marked annual rhythm in body mass gain during winter, animals were tested throughout the year to assess body composition, daily energy expenditure (DEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity and hormonal levels. After 1 year, all mouse lemurs seemed in good health. CR animals showed a significantly decreased body mass compared with the other groups during long day period only. CR or RSV treatments did not affect body composition. CR induced a decrease in DEE without changes in RMR, whereas RSV induced a concomitant increase in DEE and RMR without any obvious modification of locomotor activity in both groups. Hormonal levels remained similar in each group. In summary, after 1 year of treatment CR and RSV induced differential metabolic responses but animals successfully acclimated to their imposed diets. The RESTRIKAL study can now be safely undertaken on a long-term basis to determine whether age-associated alterations in mouse lemurs are delayed with CR and if RSV can mimic these effects.

Published
2011
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11. Physiological responses to chronic heat exposure in an aging non-human primate species, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Philippe Zizzari, Stéphane Blanc, Jérémy Terrien, Fabienne Aujard, Jacques Epelbaum, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894)

Subjects
Male, Aging, MESH: Body Temperature, MESH: Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Lemur, MESH : Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, MESH : Drinking, non-human primate, MESH: Energy Intake, Biochemistry, Body Temperature, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, MESH : Locomotion, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Primate, MESH: Aging, MESH: Animals, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, MESH : Body Weight, photoperiodism, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mouse lemur, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Energy Metabolism, Circadian Rhythm, MESH: Body Temperature Regulation, heat exposure, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, IGF-1, MESH: Cheirogaleidae, Cheirogaleidae, MESH: Drinking, Locomotion, Body Temperature Regulation, Hyperthermia, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, core temperature, MESH : Male, Photoperiod, MESH: Locomotion, Drinking, MESH: Photoperiod, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Circadian rhythm, MESH: Circadian Rhythm, water turnover, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Body Temperature, MESH : Cheirogaleidae, Body Weight, MESH : Energy Intake, MESH : Circadian Rhythm, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH : Body Temperature Regulation, energy balance, MESH : Aging, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, MESH : Energy Metabolism, MESH : Animals, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH : Photoperiod
Abstract

International audience; Epidemiological evidence related to increased death from hyperthermia suggests higher frailty in the elderly when exposed to high ambient temperatures. Despite the recent awareness of such public health problems, integrative studies investigating the effects of age on the physiological responses to heat wave thermal conditions remain scarce. Daily rhythmicity of core temperature (T(c)) and locomotor activity (LA), as well as parameters representative of energy balance and IGF-1 levels which are involved in the aging process and stress resistance, were monitored in a non-human primate species, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Adult and aged animals, acclimated to long days (LD) or short days (SD), were monitored during 8-day periods of exposure to 25 ° C and 34 ° C. Adult animals displayed efficient coping with heat exposure, regardless of the photoperiod. Hence, efficient responses resulted in decrease of energy intake, energy expenditure, IGF-1 levels and LA levels, promoting hyperthermia avoidance. Positive energy balance was maintained and water turnover did not change significantly after heat exposure. In contrast, while aged animals acclimated to LD responded similarly to adults, aged mouse lemurs acclimated to SD showed great difficulties coping with heat exposure. Indeed, in this group, normothermia impairment was associated with increased T(c) levels, alterations in daily rhythmicity, negative energy balance and increased IGF-1 levels. Impaired responses to heat exposure were seen in aged mouse lemurs acclimated to SD only. The main effects were observed during diurnal resting periods, suggesting decreased capacities with age to dissipate excess body heat. Taken together, these data highlight daily rhythmicity and IGF-1 pathway as main targets in the impaired response to heat exposure in the elderly.

Published
2010
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12. Intégration de la biodiversité des sols dans les réseaux de surveillance de la qualité des sols: exemple du programme pilote à l'échelle régionale, le RMQS BioDiv

Author

Daniel Cluzeau, Guénola Pérès, Muriel Guernion, Rémi Chaussod, Jérôme Cortet, Mireille Fargette, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Thierry Mateille, Céline Pernin, Jean-François Ponge, Nuria Ruiz-Camacho, Cécile Villenave, Laurence Rougé, Vincent Mercier, Alain Bellido, Mario Cannavacciuolo, Denis Piron, Dominique Arrouays, Line Boulonne, Claudy Jolivet, Patrick Lavelle, Elena Velasquez, Olivier Plantard, Christian Walter, Blandine Lemercier, Sylvie Tico, Jean-Luc Giteau, Antonio Bispo, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Séquestration du carbone et bio- fonctionnement des sols : effets des modes de gestion des agro-écosystèmes tropicaux (SEQBIO), Groupe ESA, Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Pôle Agronomie Productions Végétales, Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture de Bretagne, Département Animation de la Recherche Déchets & Sols, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Unité de service Infosol (INFOSOL), Chambre d'Agriculture de Bretagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), AgroParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture (Groupe ESA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Département Animation de la Recherche Déchets et Sols, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Séquestration du carbone et bio- fonctionnement des sols : effets des modes de gestion des agro-écosystèmes tropicaux ( SEQBIO ), Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers, Unité de service Infosol ( INFOSOL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes ( BIO3P ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation ( SAS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and ADEME

Subjects
Échelle régionale, SOIL MONITORING, SOIL QUALITY, BIODIVERSITE, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Organismes du sol, BRITTANY, Bretagne, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, ECHELLE REGIONALE BRETAGNE, RESEARCH PROGRAM, REGIONAL SCALE, RESEAU DE SURVEILLANCE, Réseau de surveillance, ORGANISMES DU SOL, QUALITE DU SOL, PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE, BIODIVERSITY, SOIL ORGANISMS, Qualité du sol, Biodiversité, Programme de recherche
Abstract

Le compartiment biologique des sols joue un rôle essentiel en délivrant des biens et des services écosystémiques clés, et il est impliqué directement et indirectement dans plusieurs fonctions du sol (cycle des nutriments, structure du sol, rétention de l'eau). La Commission Européenne a souligné l'intérêt de prendre en compte ce compartiment biologique. Elle a notamment demandé de développer des recherches sur ce thème dans les politiques de gestion des sols, en caractérisant la diversité spécifique et les fonctions biologiques de certains organismes du sol. Afin de répondre à de telles demandes et de réaliser un premier état de la biodiversité des sols à l'échelle régionale en relation avec les usages des sols et les paramètres pédoclimatiques, un programme français « RMQS BioDiv » a été mis en place sur les 109 sites du RMQS classique (Réseau de Mesure de la Qualité des Sols) en Bretagne. Un important réseau de collaborations scientifiques et de développement (12 équipes) a ainsi été créé pour étudier un très grand nombre de paramètres biologiques, à savoir la macrofaune (lombriciens, macrofaune totale), la mésofaune (collemboles et acariens), la microfaune (nématodes), et la microflore (biomasse microbienne, structure des communautés bactériennes et gènes fonctionnels), de même que des paramètres d'activité de la faune du sol (Humus Index). Ainsi, ce programme s'est appuyé sur le Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) mis en place à l'échelle nationale pour suivre l'évolution de paramètres physico-chimiques et d'usage des sols en utilisant un échantillonnage systématique (grille de 16 X 16 km) couvrant l'ensemble du territoire français. Le lien entre ces deux programmes, travaillant selon la même grille d'échantillonnage, permettra d'étudier les paramètres biologiques au regard des caractéristiques agro-pédoclimatiques, et devrait permettre d'établir des pistes de réflexion pour l'évaluation d'indicateurs biologiques pertinents de la qualité des sols. Les objectifs de cet article sont i) de présenter les protocoles et procédures mis en place dans le cadre du programme RMQS Bio Div pour l'étude des différents paramètres biologiques, ii) de décrire la gestion et le traitement des données, et iii) de présenter les premiers résultats obtenus. Ces résultats résultent de l'analyse de 109 sites bretons échantillonnés en 2006 et 2007, et montrent la distribution spatiale de différents paramètres biologiques., Soil biota play an essential role in delivering key ecosystem goods and services, and are both directly and indirectly responsible for many important functions (nutrient cycling, soil structure, water storage). European Union (EU) has underlined the interest of taking into account this biological compartment. EU has asked to develop biological researches in soil management policies, by characterizing biological species and biological functions of some soil organisms. To answer this request and make a first state at regional scale of soil biodiversity in relation to land use and pedoclimatic parameters, a French program « RMQS BioOiv » was developed on the 109 sites of Soil Quality Monitoring Network (RMQS) in Brittany. A large national research network (12 research teams) supported the program, that undertook the study of several biological parameters such as macrofauna (earthworms, total macro-invertebrates), mesofauna (Acarina and Collembola), microfauna (nematodes), and microflora (microbial biomass, community structure and functional genes), as well as biological activity parameters (Humus Index). So, this program leaned on RMQS which was developed at national scale to monitor physico-chemical soil parameters and land-use managements by using a systematic sampling (regular grid 16 X 16 km) covering the whole French territory. The link between these two programs, working on the same sampling grid, should allow the study of biological parameters in the light of soil and agricultural characteristics, and thus the definition of biological descriptors of soil quality. The objectives of this paper are i) to present the RMQS BioOiv program is terms of sampling design and protocols, ii) to describe the data management and treatment, and iii) to show some results as a first instance of the data analysis to be carried out in this program. Results were obtained from the analysis of 109 sites sampled in 2006 and 2007 across the Brittany Region, and showed the spatial distribution and density of the different biological groups.

Published
2009

13. Evidence of a dosage effect and a physiological endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency in the first mouse models mimicking Schwartz-Jampel syndrome neuromyotonia

Author

Morgane Stum, Arnaud Ferry, Frédédrique Rene, Christophe Marcel, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Véronique Bernard, Claire-Sophie Davoine, Bertrand Fontaine, Eric Krejci, Sophie Nicole, Alban Vignaud, Marie Bangratz, Emmanuelle Girard, Jordi Molgó, Marc Herbin, Affections de la Myeline et des Canaux Ioniques Musculaires, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire (NBCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF), Biologie des Jonctions Neuromusculaires Normales et Pathologiques (U686), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de signalisation moléculaire et neurodégénerescence, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire ( NBCM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard ( INAF ), Biologie des Jonctions Neuromusculaires Normales et Pathologiques ( U686 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies ( AFM-Téléthon ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Association française contre les myopathies ( AFM-Téléthon ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]

Subjects
Male, Neuromyotonia, MESH: Mice, Mutant Strains, MESH: Muscle Contraction, Gene Dosage, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Gene Dosage, MESH: Motor Endplate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Missense mutation, MESH : Female, MESH : Gene Dosage, MESH: Animals, Genetics (clinical), 0303 health sciences, Mutation, biology, General Medicine, Acetylcholinesterase, MESH : Mice, Transgenic, MESH : Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phenotype, MESH : Electromyography, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, Muscle Contraction, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Isaacs Syndrome, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, MESH : Male, Schwartz–Jampel syndrome, Mutation, Missense, Mice, Transgenic, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, Perlecan, Osteochondrodysplasias, MESH: Phenotype, Motor Endplate, Neuromuscular junction, MESH : Acetylcholinesterase, MESH: Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, In vivo, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Isaacs Syndrome, Molecular Biology, MESH: Mice, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Osteochondrodysplasias, MESH: Mutation, Missense, MESH: Humans, Electromyography, MESH: Alleles, MESH : Humans, MESH : Motor Endplate, MESH: Acetylcholinesterase, medicine.disease, MESH: Osteochondrodysplasias, MESH : Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Mutant Strains, MESH: Male, MESH : Mice, Mutant Strains, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, stomatognathic diseases, Endocrinology, chemistry, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], biology.protein, MESH: Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, MESH : Muscle Contraction, MESH : Animals, Isaacs Syndrome, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH : Alleles, MESH: Female, MESH : Mutation, Missense, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
Abstract

International audience; Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a recessive neuromyotonia with chondrodysplasia. It results from hypomorphic mutations of the gene encoding perlecan, leading to a decrease in the levels of this heparan sulphate proteoglycan in basement membranes (BMs). It has been suggested that SJS neuromyotonia may result from endplate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deficiency, but this hypothesis has never been investigated in vivo due to the lack of an animal model for neuromyotonia. We used homologous recombination to generate a knock-in mouse strain with one missense substitution, corresponding to a human familial SJS mutation (p.C1532Y), in the perlecan gene. We derived two lines, one with the p.C1532Y substitution alone and one with p.C1532Y and the selectable marker Neo, to down-regulate perlecan gene activity and to test for a dosage effect of perlecan in mammals. These two lines mimicked SJS neuromyotonia with spontaneous activity on electromyogramm (EMG). An inverse correlation between disease severity and perlecan secretion in the BMs was observed at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, consistent with a dosage effect. Endplate AChE levels were low in both lines, due to synaptic perlecan deficiency rather than major myofibre or neuromuscular junction disorganization. Studies of muscle contractile properties showed muscle fatigability at low frequencies of nerve stimulation and suggested that partial endplate AChE deficiency might contribute to SJS muscle stiffness by potentiating muscle force. However, physiological endplate AChE deficiency was not associated with spontaneous activity at rest on EMG in the diaphragm, suggesting that additional changes are required to generate such activity characteristic of SJS.

Published
2008
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14. Differential long-term effects of MDMA on the serotoninergic system and hippocampal cell proliferation in 5-HTT knock-out vs. wild-type mice

Author

Maxette Melfort, Naïma Hanoun, Françoise Saurini, Michel Hamon, Malika El Yacoubi, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Laurence Lanfumey, Eleni Paizanis, Thibault Renoir, Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Neuropsycho-pharmacologie expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse ( CRCT ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Psychiatry, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Male, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Hippocampus, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Serotonin Agents, Pharmacology (medical), Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Mice, Knockout, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, 0303 health sciences, 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, Chemistry, MDMA, 3. Good health, Serotonin Receptor Agonists, Electrophysiology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Hindlimb Suspension, [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Autoreceptor, Female, psychological phenomena and processes, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Serotonin, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Citalopram, 03 medical and health sciences, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Animals, Amphetamine, Swimming, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, Pharmacology, Membranes, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Ipsapirone, Neurotoxicity, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Hallucinogens, Raphe Nuclei, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Behavioural despair test
Abstract

International audience; Although numerous studies investigated the mechanisms underlying 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity, little is known about its long-term functional consequences on 5-HT neurotransmission in mice. This led us to evaluate the delayed effects of MDMA exposure on the 5-HT system, using in-vitro and in-vivo approaches in both 5-HTT wild-type and knock-out mice. Acute MDMA in-vitro application on slices of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) induced concentration-dependent 5-HT release and 5-HT cell firing inhibition. Four weeks after MDMA administration (20 mg/kg b.i.d for 4 d), a 2-fold increase in the potency of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist ipsapirone to inhibit the discharge of DRN 5-HT neurons and a larger hypothermic response to 8-OH-DPAT were observed in MDMA- compared to saline-treated mice. This adaptive 5-HT1A autoreceptor supersensitivity was associated with decreases in 5-HT levels but no changes of [3H]citalopram binding in brain. Long-term MDMA treatment also induced a 30% decrease in BrdU labelling of proliferating hippocampal cells and an increased immobility duration in the forced swim test suggesting a depressive-like behaviour induced by MDMA treatment. All these effects were abolished in 5-HTT-/- knock-out mice. These data indicated that, in mice, MDMA administration induced a delayed adaptive supersensitivity of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the DRN, a deficit in hippocampal cell proliferation and a depressive-like behaviour. These 5-HTT-dependent effects, opposite to those of antidepressants, might contribute to MDMA-induced mood disorders.

Published
2008
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15. Identification of post-transcriptionally regulated Xenopus tropicalis maternal mRNAs by microarray

Author

Nicolas Pollet, Antoine Graindorge, Yann Audic, Raphael Thuret, H. Beverley Osborne, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Développement et évolution (DE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes ( IGDR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Développement et évolution ( DE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Untranslated region, Embryo, Nonmammalian, MESH : RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylation, Microarray, Xenopus, Messenger, 0302 clinical medicine, Oogenesis, MESH : Embryo, Nonmammalian, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, MESH : Female, Developmental, heterocyclic compounds, MESH: Animals, MESH: Xenopus, 3' Untranslated Regions, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Cells, Cultured, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genetics, MESH : RNA 3' Polyadenylation Signals, 0303 health sciences, Cultured, Nonmammalian, biology, MESH : Polyadenylation, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biologie du développement, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, RNA 3' Polyadenylation Signals, MESH: 3' Untranslated Regions, MESH: Oogenesis, Development Biology, MESH: Polyadenylation, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Meiosis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Embryo, Female, MESH: Cells, Cultured, MESH : Meiosis, Translational efficiency, Cells, MESH : 3' Untranslated Regions, Article, MESH: Oocytes, MESH : Oogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Cells, Cultured, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Oocytes, RNA, Reproducibility of Results, medicine, RNA, Messenger, [ SDV.BDD ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, MESH: RNA 3' Polyadenylation Signals, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: RNA, Messenger, Three prime untranslated region, Microarray analysis techniques, MESH : Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Oocytes, MESH : Xenopus, MESH: Embryo, Nonmammalian, Oocyte, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Meiosis, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH : Animals, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Equipe Génomique Fonctionelle chez Xenopus tropicalis; International audience; Cytoplasmic control of the adenylation state of mRNAs is a critical post-transcriptional process involved in the regulation of mRNAs stability and translational efficiency. The early development of Xenopus laevis has been a major model for the study of such regulations. We describe here a microarray analysis to identify mRNAs that are regulated by changes in their adenylation state during oogenesis and early development of the diploid frog Xenopus tropicalis. The microarray data were validated using qRT-PCR and direct analysis of the adenylation state of endogenous maternal mRNAs during the period studied. We identified more than 500 mRNAs regulated at the post-transcriptional level among the 3000 mRNAs potentially detected by the microarray. The mRNAs were classified into nine different adenylation behavior categories. The various adenylation profiles observed during oocyte maturation and early development and the analyses of 3'-untranslated region sequences suggest that previously uncharacterized sequence elements control the adenylation behavior of the newly identified mRNAs. These data should prove useful in identifying mRNAs with important functions during oocyte maturation and early development.

Published
2006
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16. The sensory thalamus and visual midbrain in mouse lemurs

Author

Pooja Balaram, Jon H. Kaas, Henry Kennedy, Mansi P. Saraf, Fabien Pifferi, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (U1208 Inserm - UCBL1 / SBRI - USC 1361 INRAE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Superior Colliculi, Microcebus murinus, genetic structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Thalamus, Biology, Lateral geniculate nucleus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Parvocellular cell, medicine, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Medial geniculate nucleus, General Neuroscience, Superior colliculus, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Koniocellular cell, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cheirogaleidae, Nucleus, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Mouse lemurs are the smallest of extant primates and are thought to resemble early primates in many ways. We provide histological descriptions of the major sensory nuclei of the dorsal thalamus and the superior colliculus (SC) of mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus has the six layers typical of strepsirrhine primates, with matching pairs of magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular layers, one of each pair for each eye. Unlike most primates, magnocellular and parvocellular layers exhibit only small differences in cell size. All layers express vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), reflecting terminations of retinal inputs, and the expression of VGLUT2 is much less dense in the koniocellular layers. Parvalbumin is densely expressed in all layers, while SMI-32 is densely expressed only in the magnocellular layers. The adjoining pulvinar complex has a posterior nucleus with strong VGLUT2 expression, reflecting terminations from the SC. The SC is laminated with dense expression of VGLUT2 in the upper superficial gray layer, reflecting terminations from the retina. The ventral (MGNv), medial, and dorsal divisions of the medial geniculate complex are only moderately differentiated, although patches of dense VGLUT2 expression are found along the outer border of MGNv. The ventroposterior nucleus has darkly stained cells in Nissl stained sections, and narrow septa separating patchy regions of dense VGLUT2 expression that likely represent different body parts. Overall, these structures resemble those in other strepsirrhine primates, although they are smaller, with the sensory nuclei appearing to occupy proportionately more of the dorsal thalamus than in larger primates.

Published
2019
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17. Les défis inhérents à la systématique et la taxinomie de genres ayant connu une radiation explosive récente : le cas des orchidées du genre Ophrys

Author

Bertrand, Joris, Baguette, Michel, Joffard, Nina, Schatz, Bertrand, Schatz, Bertrand, Philippe Grandcolas, Marie-Christine Maurel, Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

18. Flexibility Is Costly: Hidden Physiological Damage From Seasonal Phenotypic Transitions in Heterothermic Species

Author

Julie Landes, Samuel Pavard, Pierre-Yves Henry, Jérémy Terrien, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Adaptive value, Resource (biology), Physiology, Captivity, Context (language use), Biology, physiological costs, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, hypometabolism, lcsh:Physiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Physiology (medical), Heterothermy, Organism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Flexibility (engineering), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:QP1-981, Ecology, aging, seasonal transitions, flexibility, 13. Climate action, heterothermy, Perspective, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Heterothermy allows organisms to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. The use of regulated hypometabolism allows seasonal heterothermic species to cope with annual resource shortages and thus to maximize survival during the unfavorable season. This comes with deep physiological remodeling at each seasonal transition to allow the organism to adjust to the changing environment. In the wild, this adaptation is highly beneficial and largely overcomes potential costs. However, researchers recently proposed that it might also generate both ecological and physiological costs for the organism. Here, we propose new perspectives to be considered when analyzing adaptation to seasonality, in particular considering these costs. We propose a list of putative costs, including DNA damage, inflammatory response to fat load, brain and cognitive defects, digestive malfunction and immunodeficiency, that should receive more attention in future research on physiological seasonality. These costs may only be marginal at each transition event but accumulate over time and therefore emerge with age. In this context, studies in captivity, where we have access to aging individuals with limited extrinsic mortality (e.g., predation), could be highly valuable to experimentally assess the costs of physiological flexibility. Finally, we offer new perspectives, which should be included in demographic models, on how the adaptive value of physiological flexibility could be altered in the future in the context of global warming.

Published
2020
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19. OneARK: Strengthening the links between animal production science and animal ecology

Author

Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Bonnet, Pascal, Teplitsky, Céline, Criscuolo, François, Henry, Pierre-Yves, Mazurais, David, Prunet, Patrick, Salvat, Gilles, Usseglio-Polatera, Philippe, Verrier, Etienne, Friggens, Nicolas, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction de la Stratégie et des Programmes (DSP), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station commune de Recherches en Ichtyophysiologie, Biodiversité et Environnement (SCRIBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-IFR140, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Adaptation, Agroecosystem, Bio-logging, Emergence, Functional diversity, Livestock, Phenotypic plasticity, Resilience, Sustainability, Zoonotic disease, Bio-logging, Livestock, Resilience, Zoonotic disease, Agroecosystem, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 05 social sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, Emergence, 15. Life on land, Functional diversity, 050105 experimental psychology, 12. Responsible consumption, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

1. Wild and farmed animals are key elements of natural and managed ecosystems that deliver functions such as pollination, pest control and nutrient cycling within the broader roles they play in contributing to biodiversity and to every category of ecosystem services. They are subjected to global changes with a profound impact on the natural range and viability of animal species, the emergence and spatial distribution of pathogens, land use, ecosystem services and farming sustainability. We urgently need to improve our understanding of how animal populations can respond adaptively and therefore sustainably to these new selective pressures. 2. In this context, we explored the common points between animal production science and animal ecology to identify promising avenues of synergy between communities through the transfer of concepts and/or methodologies, focusing on seven concepts that link both disciplines. Animal adaptability, animal diversity (both within and between species), selection, animal management, animal monitoring, agroecology and viability risks were identified as key concepts that should serve the cross-fertilization of both fields to improve ecosystem resilience and farming sustainability. 3. The need for breaking down interdisciplinary barriers is illustrated by two representative examples: i) the circulation and reassortment of pathogens between wild and domestic animals and ii) the role of animals in nutrient cycles; i.e. recycling nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) through, for example, contribution to soil fertility and carbon sequestration. 4. Our synthesis identifies the need for knowledge integration techniques supported by programs and policy tools that reverse the fragmentation of animal research towards a unification into a single Animal Research Kinship, OneARK, which sets new objectives for future science policy. 5. At the interface of animal ecology and animal production science, our article promotes an effective application of the agroecology concept to animals and the use of functional diversity to increase resilience in both wild and farmed systems. It also promotes the use of novel monitoring technologies to quantify animal welfare and factors affecting fitness. These measures are needed to evaluate viability risk, predict and potentially increase animal adaptability, and improve the management of wild and farmed systems, thereby responding to an increasing demand of society for the development of a sustainable management of systems.

Published
2020

20. Bio-inspired Topological Skeleton for the Analysis of Quadruped Kinematic Gait

Author

Jean-Marc Linares, Arthur Vauquelin, Anick Abourachid, Emmanuel Mermoz, Benjamin Boudon, Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Eurocopter France, EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Motion analysis, Computer science, Multibody systems (MBS), Biophysics, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Measure (mathematics), 03 medical and health sciences, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0302 clinical medicine, Topological Skeleton, Computer vision, Complement (set theory), business.industry, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Quadruped locomotion, Gait, Closed-form solutions, Gait analysis, Topological skeleton, Artificial intelligence, Videography, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; In bio-inspired design activities, Nature is a basis of knowledge. Over the last twenty years, many solutions to measure and analyze human or animal gaits have been developed (VICON system, X-ray radiography...). Although, these methods are becoming more and more accurate, they are quite expensive, long to set up and not easily portable. In this paper, a method called the bio-inspired topological skeleton is suggested in order to complement the classic videography process and to enable animal gait analysis. A new predictive kin-ematic model with closed-loops of an unguligrade quadruped will be suggested. This kinematic model includes three segments per leg and takes into account the scapula movements. The proposed method allows us to improve the accuracy of the kinematic input data measured from a single video including an additional artefact. To show the benefits of this method, joint parameters that are difficult to measure are derived symbolically from a kinematic model and compared with experimental data.

Published
2018
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21. INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDINE ASSURES STABLE ANAESTHESIA NEEDED FOR LONG-TERM SURGERY IN THE ARGENTINE TEGUSALVATOR MERIANAE

Author

Anthony Herrel, Johanna Roux, Baptiste Barrillot, Angeline Clair, Paul-Antoine Libourel, Sébastien Arthaud, Laëtitia Averty, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, Tegu, Injections, Intramuscular, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 0403 veterinary science, Salvator merianae, Interquartile range, medicine, Animals, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Anesthesia, Ketamine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, General Veterinary, business.industry, Atipamezole, Lizards, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Medetomidine, 3. Good health, Surgery, Drug Combinations, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Anesthetic, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Intramuscular injection, medicine.drug
Abstract

To define a protocol of anesthesia for long-duration invasive surgery in a lizard, eight young adult Argentine tegus ( Salvator merianae) of mean body weight 3.0 kg (interquartile range [IQR] 3.40-2.65) were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine (K) and medetomidine (M) at 19°C, injected intramuscularly and equally distributed in the four limbs. As the experimental surgery procedure required a prolonged deep anesthesia with a good myorelaxation (between 16 and 21 hr), reinjections were required and reflexes were checked during surgery. Times for anesthetic induction, anesthetic reinjection, and recovery periods were recorded for five different combinations of ketamine-medetomidine: 1) 66 mg/kg K + 100 μg/kg M; 2) 80 mg/kg K + 100 μg/kg M; 3) 100 mg/kg K + 130 μg/kg M; 4) 125 mg/kg K + 200 μg/kg M; and 5) 150 mg/kg K + 200 μg/kg M. The effect on the recovery speed of the postoperative atipamezole injection was also evaluated. The median induction time was 30 (IQR 35-27.5) min with no statistical difference between all the concentrations tested. The first reinjection of half a dose was administered after a mean of 5 hr (5.64 hr, IQR 5.95-4.84) as were the subsequent reinjections of a quarter dose (3.99 hr, IQR 5.98-3.23). Intramuscular administration of the ketamine-medetomidine combination is a simple, rapid, and efficient anesthesia for long-term surgery (12 hr). A mix of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 200 μg/kg medetomidine, with reinjections every 4 hr of half a dose of the previous injection can maintain a good quality of anesthesia for at least 16 hr. The injection of atipamezole after the surgery reverses the effects of medetomidine and permits a reduction of the recovery period.

Published
2018
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22. Treadmill locomotion of the mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus); kinematic parameters during symmetrical and asymmetrical gaits

Author

Martine Perret, Rémi Hackert, Eva Hommet, Vicky Hanotin-Dossot, Marc Herbin, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Arboreal locomotion, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, Physiology, STRIDE, Lemur, Kinematics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Functional Laterality, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, Treadmill, Gait, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Mouse lemur, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, biology.organism_classification, Biomechanical Phenomena, 030104 developmental biology, Animal Science and Zoology, Cheirogaleidae, human activities
Abstract

The gaits of the adult grey mouse lemur Microcebus murinus were studied during treadmill locomotion over a large range of velocities. The locomotion sequences were analysed to determine the gait and the various spatiotemporal gait parameters of the limbs. We found that velocity adjustments are accounted for differently by stride frequency and stride length depending on whether the animal showed a symmetrical or an asymmetrical gait. When using symmetrical gaits the increase in velocity is associated with a constant contribution of the stride length and stride frequency; the increase of the stride frequency being always lower. When using asymmetrical gaits, the increase in velocity is mainly assured by an increase in the stride length which tends to decrease with increasing velocity. A reduction in both stance time and swing time contributed to the increase in stride frequency for both gaits, though with a major contribution from the decrease in stance time. The pattern of locomotion obtained in a normal young adult mouse lemurs can be used as a template for studying locomotor control deficits during aging or in different environments such as arboreal ones which likely modify the kinematics of locomotion.

Published
2018
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23. Acetylcholine Modulates the Hormones of the Growth Hormone/Insulinlike Growth Factor-1 Axis During Development in Mice

Author

Marie-José Lecomte, Jorge Gallego, Boris Matrot, Jean-Marie Launay, Jacques Callebert, Jacques Mallet, Maud Ringot, Guilan Vodjdani, Thomas Bourgeois, Corinne Collet, Catherine Sénamaud-Beaufort, Nelina Ramanantsoa, Chloé Bertolus, Françoise Saurini, Sylvie Berrard, Jeannette Nardelli, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-facial [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires (NeuroDiderot (UMR_S_1141 / U1141)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire [AP-HP Hôpital Lariboisière] (IFR6), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs (LGMNPN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AP-HP Service de Biochimie, Fondation FondaMental, U942 Hôpital Lariboisière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Berrard, Sylvie, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Physiopathologie, conséquences fonctionnelles et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Paris-Sud, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Heterozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, Somatotropic cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hypothalamus, Biology, Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, Growth hormone–releasing hormone, Neurosecretory Systems, Acetylcholine, Ghrelin, Growth hormone secretion, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Somatostatin, Gastrointestinal hormone, Gastric Mucosa, Growth Hormone, Pituitary Gland, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Hormone
Abstract

Pituitary growth hormone (GH) and insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1 are anabolic hormones whose physiological roles are particularly important during development. The activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis is controlled by complex neuroendocrine systems including two hypothalamic neuropeptides, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF), and a gastrointestinal hormone, ghrelin. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in tuning GH secretion, and its GH-stimulatory action has mainly been shown in adults but is not clearly documented during development. ACh, together with these hormones and their receptors, is expressed before birth, and somatotroph cells are already responsive to GHRH, SRIF, and ghrelin. We thus hypothesized that ACh could contribute to the modulation of the main components of the somatotropic axis during development. In this study, we generated a choline acetyltransferase knockout mouse line and showed that heterozygous mice display a transient deficit in ACh from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 10, and they recover normal ACh levels from the second postnatal week. This developmental ACh deficiency had no major impact on weight gain and cardiorespiratory status of newborn mice. Using this mouse model, we found that endogenous ACh levels determined the concentrations of circulating GH and IGF-1 at embryonic and postnatal stages. In particular, serum GH level was correlated with brain ACh content. ACh also modulated the levels of GHRH and SRIF in the hypothalamus and ghrelin in the stomach, and it affected the levels of these hormones in the circulation. This study identifies ACh as a potential regulator of the somatotropic axis during the developmental period.

Published
2018
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24. Humusica 2, article 12 : Aqueous humipedons - Tidal and subtidal humus systems and forms

Author

Bas van Delft, Maria De Nobili, Livia Vittori Antisari, Jean-François Ponge, Gilmo Vianello, Rein de Waal, Augusto Zanella, Chiara Ferronato, Andrea Vacca, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of Bologna, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Cagliari], Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Zanella, Augusto, Ferronato, Chiara, De Nobili, Maria, Vianello, Gilmo, Vittori Antisari, Livia, Ponge, Jean-Françoi, De Waal, Rein, Van Delft, Ba, and Vacca, Andrea

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water en Landgebruik, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Soil, Water and Land Use, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bodem, Algae, medicine, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Confusion, Vegetation, biology, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Water and Land Use, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Histosol, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, medicine.symptom, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Soils formed in tidal and subtidal environments often do not show sufficient accumulation of undecomposed plant tissues to be classified as Histosols. In this article we present a first attempt of morpho-functional classification of aquatic humus, a revision of the terminology and of the diagnostic features employed by pedologists in the description of aqueous and submerged soils, and we finally suggest some criteria to be used during field investigations. According to the proposed criteria, Redoxi, Reductitidal, and Subtidal humus forms can be distinguished in aquatic systems, avoiding any possible confusion with Histic, Epihisto, Hydro and Para Anaero/Archaeo or Crusto humus forms. The article concludes with some examples of classification, including prefixes for detailing particular intergrades with the other groups of humipedons and with the discussion of the contribution of algae and seagrasses to the formation of Crusto forms.

Published
2018
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25. Applied Soil Ecology

Author

Herbert Hager, Sandro Pignatti, Oleg Chertov, Jean-François Ponge, Maria De Nobili, Augusto Zanella, John M. Galbraith, Anna Andreetta, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, parent, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], and School of Plant and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, Climate change, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Anthropocene, Greenhouse effect, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, Global change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

The article is structured in six sections. A first portion is dedicated to the state of the art concerning climatic change and agriculture. Internet available IPCC maps and cartographic documents made by scientific Centres of research were used for illustrating forecasted climatic changes. In Sections 2 and 3, bibliographic evidences were collected for supporting a vegetation and soil co-evolution theory. Humus, soil and vegetation systems are presented at planet level in many synthetic maps. In Sections 4, 5 and 6 the authors discussed the human influence on the soil evolution during the Anthropocene. It appears that humans detected and used the Mull humus systems all over planet Earth for crop production and pasture. Human pressure impoverished these humus systems, which tend to evolve toward Amphi or Moder systems, losing their natural biostructure and carbon content. Published version false (Extension publication?)

Published
2018
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26. Humusica 2, Article 9 : Histic humus systems and forms-Specific terms, diagnostic horizons and overview

Author

Bas van Delft, Andrea Vacca, Maria De Nobili, Rein de Waal, Jean-Michel Gobat, Augusto Zanella, Jean-François Ponge, Chiara Ferronato, Bernard Jabiol, Zanella, Augusto, De Waal, Rein, Van Delft, Ba, Ponge, Jean-Françoi, Jabiol, Bernard, De Nobili, Maria, Ferronato, Chiara, Gobat, Jean-Michel, Vacca, Andrea, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], University of Bologna, Laboratoire Sol & Végétation, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Université de Neufchâtel, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Cagliari], Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Vocabulary, Water en Landgebruik, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Soil Science, Soil science, Submerged soils, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Humus, Histic humu, Soil, Submerged humipedon classification, Soil, Water and Land Use, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bodem, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Exposition (narrative), media_common, Submerged soil, Vegetation, Ecology, Water and Land Use, Histic humus, Peat, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Humu, Data science, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the specific terms of vocabulary and diagnostic horizons necessary for a field classification of submerged Histic humipedons (peats, moors). It is simply an exposition of definitions placed side by side with photographic samples, with rather practical interest. The knowledge reported here is mandatory for people wanting to use the key of classification of these humipedons presented in Humusica 2, article 10. The paper illustrates with schemes the spatial and functional relationships between diagnostic horizons of different Histic humipedons.

Published
2018
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27. The post-mortem history of a bone revealed by its trace element signature: The case of a fossil whale rostrum

Author

Daniel Herwartz, Ismael Miján, Vivian de Buffrénil, Sophie Decrée, Thierry Leduc, Olivier Lambert, Julien Mercadier, Department of African Zoology [Tervuren], Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Taphonomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Whale, Rostrum, Trace element, Geochemistry, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Mesoplodon densirostris, Diagenesis, Beaked whale, Extant taxon, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Studies dedicated to palaeoenvironments and taphonomy have made wide use of rare earth elements (REE) contents of fossil bones as proxies. However, the complex diagenetic history of individual specimens combined with intra-bone REE fractionation and the uncertain timing of REE uptake generally prevents the robust interpretation of REE patterns. In this case study we show that combining REE analysis with, on the one hand, histology and microstructural observations and, on the other hand, additional analyses of other trace elements, allows deciphering at least three distinct trace element uptake stages, as well as one leaching event. More than 35 trace elements (including the REE) are analysed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) within compact rostrum bones of the Miocene-Pliocene beaked whale Globicetus hiberus from deep-sea deposits and a comparable extant specimen (Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris). Comparison of the extinct and the extant bones allows a better quantification of the diagenetic trace element content. This study highlights the crucial role played by diagenetic minerals such as the Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides in the uptake and release of trace elements (Co, Ni, Ti, V, Zr, Hf and Nb) and REE by bones, in response to changes of the diagenetic fluid redox conditions over time. Such changes of the geochemical environment help constraining the post-mortem history of the bone and its interaction with diagenetic fluids. We conclude that the unique interpretation of geochemical proxies within individual fossil bones requires a thorough investigation of each individual specimen.

Published
2018
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28. Structural and Functional Characterization of the Interaction of Snapin with the Dopamine Transporter: Differential Modulation of Psychostimulant Actions

Author

Boussicault, Lydie, Kacher, Radhia, Lamaziere, Antonin, Caboche, Jocelyne, Betuing, Sandrine, Potier, Marie-Claude, Erdozain, Amaia, de Gois, Stephanie, Bernard, Véronique, Gorgievski, Victor, Pietrancosta, Nicolas, Dumas, Sylvie, Macedo, Carlos, Vanhoutte, Peter, Ortega, Jorge, Meana, J Javier, Tzavara, Eleni, Vialou, Vincent, Giros, Bruno, Department of Pharmacology [Bizkaia, Spain], University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques = Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders (NPS-07), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs (NPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurogénétique moléculaire, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Systèmes glutamatergiques normaux et pathologiques = Normal and Pathologic Glutamatergic Neurons (NPS-05), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyse, Interactions Moléculaires et Cellulaires (LBM-E2), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs (LGMNPN), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-ESPCI ParisTech-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-ESPCI ParisTech-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), McGill University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UPV/EHU Université du Pays Basque, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Oramacell [Paris, France], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Vanhoutte, Peter, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Systèmes glutamatergiques normaux et pathologiques = Normal and Pathologic Glutamatergic Neurons (NPS)

Subjects
Models, Molecular, 0301 basic medicine, Synaptic cleft, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Down-Regulation, Motor Activity, Neurotransmission, Reuptake, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dopamine, parasitic diseases, mental disorders, medicine, Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Amphetamine, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dopamine transporter, Pharmacology, Binding Sites, biology, Dopaminergic Neurons, Dopaminergic, Brain, Rats, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, biology.protein, Original Article, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neuroscience, [CHIM.CHEM]Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Protein Binding, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; The importance of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is emphasized by its direct implication in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The DA transporter (DAT), target of psychostimulant drugs, is the key protein that regulates spatial and temporal activity of DA in the synaptic cleft via the rapid reuptake of DA into the presynaptic terminal. There is strong evidence suggesting that DAT-interacting proteins may have a role in its function and regulation. Performing a two-hybrid screening, we identified snapin, a SNARE-associated protein implicated in synaptic transmission, as a new binding partner of the carboxyl terminal of DAT. Our data show that snapin is a direct partner and regulator of DAT. First, we determined the domains required for this interaction in both proteins and characterized the DAT-snapin interface by generating a 3D model. Using different approaches, we demonstrated that (i) snapin is expressed in vivo in dopaminergic neurons along with DAT; (ii) both proteins colocalize in cultured cells and brain and, (iii) DAT and snapin are present in the same protein complex. Moreover, by functional studies we showed that snapin produces a significant decrease in DAT uptake activity. Finally, snapin downregulation in mice produces an increase in DAT levels and transport activity, hence increasing DA concentration and locomotor response to amphetamine. In conclusion, snapin/DAT interaction represents a direct link between exocytotic and reuptake mechanisms and is a potential target for DA transmission modulation.

Published
2017
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29. Lipidome determinants of maximal lifespan in mammals

Author

Gary R. Lewin, Lothar Willmitzer, Nigel C. Bennett, Julia Marchal, Florian Schroeder, Zhen Liu, Fanelie Wanert, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova, Damir Omerbašić, Jane Reznick, Philipp Khaitovich, Jorge Azpurua, Svante Pääbo, Fabien Pifferi, Patrick Giavalisco, Pierrick Regnard, Katarzyna Bozek, Peng Shi, Ekaterina Khrameeva, Fabienne Aujard, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Rochester [USA], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Multidisciplinary, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Longevity, Zoology, Body size, Biology, Lipidome, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Basal metabolic rate, Medicine, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Stabilizing selection, Clade, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, media_common
Abstract

Maximal lifespan of mammalian species, even if closely related, may differ more than 10-fold, however the nature of the mechanisms that determine this variability is unresolved. Here, we assess the relationship between maximal lifespan duration and concentrations of more than 20,000 lipid compounds, measured in 669 tissue samples from 6 tissues of 35 species representing three mammalian clades: primates, rodents and bats. We identify lipids associated with species’ longevity across the three clades, uncoupled from other parameters, such as basal metabolic rate, body size, or body temperature. These lipids clustered in specific lipid classes and pathways, and enzymes linked to them display signatures of greater stabilizing selection in long-living species, and cluster in functional groups related to signaling and protein-modification processes. These findings point towards the existence of defined molecular mechanisms underlying variation in maximal lifespan among mammals.

Published
2017
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30. The age-performance relationship in the general population and strategies to delay age related decline in performance

Author

Fabien Pifferi, Patrick A. Carter, Adrien Marck, Archana Singh Manoux, Philippe Noirez, François-Denis Desgorces, Jean-François Toussaint, Juliana Antero, Michael Spedding, Geoffroy Berthelot, Stacey Johnson, Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport (IRMES - EA 7329), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), UFR STAPS, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University (WSU), Spedding Research solutions SARL, Epidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpitaux de Saint Maurice (HNSM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gerontology, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Performance, Population, Poison control, Age-performance, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Injury prevention, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Public health, education.field_of_study, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Cognition, medicine.disease, Obesity, Cognitive training, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The age-performance relationship describes changes in the organism’s structural and functional capabilities over the course of the lifespan. The typical, empirical pattern is an asymmetrical inverted-U shape association with peak capacity occurring early in life. This process is well described in the literature, with an increasing interest in features that characterize this pattern, such as the rate of growth, age of peak performance, and rate of decline with aging. This is usually examined in cohorts of individuals followed over time with repeat assessments of physical or cognitive abilities. This framework ought to be integrated into public health programs, embedding the beneficial (such as physical or cognitive training) or adverse effects (such as chronic diseases or injuries) that respectively sustain or limit capabilities. The maintenance of physical or cognitive performances at older ages would result in both optimal health and promote resistance to disabling conditions and chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The causes of accelerated degeneration of health optima are mainly: sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles -including poor nutrition-, exposure to environmental pollutants, and heterogeneity in aging. Better knowledge of optima, compatible with or required for good health, should also allow for establishing ideal conditions for longevity.

Published
2019
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31. Caloric restriction, longevity and aging: Recent contributions from human and non-human primate studies

Author

Fabien Pifferi, Fabienne Aujard, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Primates, Pharmacology, Gerontology, Aging, Non human primate, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Caloric theory, Health benefits, Biology, Caloric intake, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Caloric Restriction, media_common
Abstract

The health benefits of chronic caloric restriction (CR) resulting in lifespan extension are well established in many species and has been recently demonstrated also in non-human primates, but its effects in humans remain to be proven on a long-term basis. CR might be a very efficient anti-aging strategy but its definition and limits must be well understood before envisaging to apply it to human. In this review, we first report and compare the recently issued CR studies in non-human primates and humans and then try to understand what an optimal caloric intake is. In a last part, we will discuss the pertinence of using CR as an anti-aging strategy with respect to the risks of frailty and obesity.

Published
2019
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32. Encephalopathy induced by Alzheimer brain inoculation in a non-human primate

Author

Emmanuel Brouillet, Jean-Luc Picq, Luc Buée, Charlotte Gary, Morvane Colin, Fabienne Aujard, Anne-Sophie Hérard, Raphaëlle Caillierez, Emmanuel Comoy, Marc Dhenain, Stephen J. Sawiak, James E. Koch, Suzanne Lam, Fanny Petit, Fabien Pifferi, Jean-Philippe Deslys, Sabiha Eddarkaoui, Pauline Gipchtein, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR 9199 (LMN), Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA [Fontenay-aux-Roses] (UGRA / SETA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer (JPArc - U837 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (IMETI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert-Neurosciences et Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dhenain, Marc [0000-0001-8804-4101], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, and Dhenain, Marc

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, Neurology, Tau pathology, Mouse, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Hippocampus, Microcebus murinus, Cerebral atrophy, Electroencephalography, Neurodegenerative disease, lcsh:RC346-429, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Premovement neuronal activity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Brain Diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Human brain, Alzheimer's disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cognitive impairment, β-Amyloid pathology, Prion, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cheirogaleidae, Alzheimer’s disease, Primates, medicine.medical_specialty, Encephalopathy, Mice, Transgenic, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Species Specificity, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Animals, Humans, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, business.industry, Research, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, medicine.disease, Entorhinal cortex, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuronal function
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by cognitive alterations, cerebral atrophy and neuropathological lesions including neuronal loss, accumulation of misfolded and aggregated β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and tau proteins. Iatrogenic induction of Aβ is suspected in patients exposed to pituitary-derived hormones, dural grafts, or surgical instruments, presumably contaminated with Aβ. Induction of Aβ and tau lesions has been demonstrated in transgenic mice after contamination with Alzheimer’s disease brain homogenates, with very limited functional consequences. Unlike rodents, primates naturally express Aβ or tau under normal conditions and attempts to transmit Alzheimer pathology to primates have been made for decades. However, none of earlier studies performed any detailed functional assessments. For the first time we demonstrate long term memory and learning impairments in a non-human primate (Microcebus murinus) following intracerebral injections with Alzheimer human brain extracts. Animals inoculated with Alzheimer brain homogenates displayed progressive cognitive impairments (clinical tests assessing cognitive and motor functions), modifications of neuronal activity (detected by electroencephalography), widespread and progressive cerebral atrophy (in vivo MRI assessing cerebral volume loss using automated voxel-based analysis), neuronal loss in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (post mortem stereology). They displayed parenchymal and vascular Aβ depositions and tau lesions for some of them, in regions close to the inoculation sites. Although these lesions were sparse, they were never detected in control animals. Tau-positive animals had the lowest performances in a memory task and displayed the greatest neuronal loss. Our study is timely and important as it is the first one to highlight neuronal and clinical dysfunction following inoculation of Alzheimer’s disease brain homogenates in a primate. Clinical signs in a chronic disease such as Alzheimer take a long time to be detectable. Documentation of clinical deterioration and/or dysfunction following intracerebral inoculations with Alzheimer human brain extracts could lead to important new insights about Alzheimer initiation processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40478-019-0771-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019
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33. Publisher Correction: Lipidome determinants of maximal lifespan in mammals

Author

Julia Marchal, Jane Reznick, Fabien Pifferi, Philipp Khaitovich, Vera Gorbunova, Florian Schroeder, Damir Omerbašić, Patrick Giavalisco, Pierrick Regnard, Katarzyna Bozek, Peng Shi, Ekaterina Khrameeva, Gary R. Lewin, Jorge Azpurua, Lothar Willmitzer, Fabienne Aujard, Fanelie Wanert, Andrei Seluanov, Nigel C. Bennett, Zhen Liu, Svante Pääbo, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP)

Subjects
Primates, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:R, Longevity, lcsh:Medicine, Rodentia, Computational biology, Lipidome, Biology, Publisher Correction, Lipids, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Chiroptera, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Animals, lcsh:Q, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:Science, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Maximal lifespan of mammalian species, even if closely related, may differ more than 10-fold, however the nature of the mechanisms that determine this variability is unresolved. Here, we assess the relationship between maximal lifespan duration and concentrations of more than 20,000 lipid compounds, measured in 669 tissue samples from 6 tissues of 35 species representing three mammalian clades: primates, rodents and bats. We identify lipids associated with species' longevity across the three clades, uncoupled from other parameters, such as basal metabolic rate, body size, or body temperature. These lipids clustered in specific lipid classes and pathways, and enzymes linked to them display signatures of greater stabilizing selection in long-living species, and cluster in functional groups related to signaling and protein-modification processes. These findings point towards the existence of defined molecular mechanisms underlying variation in maximal lifespan among mammals.

Published
2019
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34. Daily Torpor and Sleep in a Non-human Primate, the Gray Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Fabienne Aujard, Julie Royo, Fabien Pifferi, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Non-rapid eye movement sleep, lcsh:RC321-571, lcsh:QM1-695, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Sleep debt, Internal medicine, medicine, Heterothermy, EEG, sleep, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Original Research, biology, Mouse lemur, lcsh:Human anatomy, Torpor, Hypothermia, biology.organism_classification, gray mouse lemurs, Delta wave, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, body temperature, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, torpor, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; Daily torpor is an energy-saving process that evolved as an extension of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep mechanisms. In many heterothermic species there is a relation between torpor expression and the repartition of the different behavioral states of sleep. Despite the presence of sleep during this period of hypothermia, torpor induces an accumulation of sleep debt which results in a rebound of sleep in mammals. We aimed to investigate the expression of sleep-wake rhythms and delta waves during daily torpor at various ambient temperatures in a non-human primate model, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Cortical activity was measured with telemetric electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the torpor episode and the next 24 h following hypothermia. Gray mouse lemurs were divided into two groups: the first group was subjected to normal ambient temperatures (25 • C) whereas the second group was placed at lower ambient temperatures (10 • C). Contrary to normal ambient temperatures, sleep-wake rhythms were maintained during torpor until body temperature (Tb) of the animals reached 21 • C. Below this temperature, NREM and REM sleep strongly decreased or were absent whereas the EEG became isoelectric. The different states of sleep were proportional to Tb min during prior torpor in contrast to active phases. Delta waves increased after torpor but low Tb did not induce greater delta power compared to higher temperatures. Our results showed that Tb was a determining factor for the quality and quantity of sleep. Low Tb might be inconsistent with the recovery function of sleep. Heterothermy caused a sleep debt thus there was a rebound of sleep at the beginning of euthermia to compensate for the lack of sleep.

Published
2019
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35. The Biological Clock in Gray Mouse Lemur: Adaptive, Evolutionary and Aging Considerations in an Emerging Non-human Primate Model

Author

Clara Hozer, Fabien Pifferi, Martine Perret, Fabienne Aujard, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microcebus murinus, Physiology, Biological clock, Circadian clock, Review, adaptation, lcsh:Physiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), biology.animal, circadian clock, evolution, Primate, Circadian rhythm, gray mouse lemur, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chronobiology, Phenotypic plasticity, biology, Mouse lemur, lcsh:QP1-981, aging, biology.organism_classification, non-human primate model, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Circadian rhythms, which measure time on a scale of 24 h, are genetically generated by the circadian clock, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of almost every physiological and metabolic process in most organisms. This review gathers all the available information about the circadian clock in a small Malagasy primate, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), and reports 30 years data from the historical colony at Brunoy (France). Although the mouse lemur has long been seen as a “primitive” species, its clock displays high phenotypic plasticity, allowing perfect adaptation of its biological rhythms to environmental challenges (seasonality, food availability). The alterations of the circadian timing system in M. murinus during aging show many similarities with those in human aging. Comparisons are drawn with other mammalian species (more specifically, with rodents, other non-human primates and humans) to demonstrate that the gray mouse lemur is a good complementary and alternative model for studying the circadian clock and, more broadly, brain aging and pathologies.

Published
2019
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36. Correlated evolution of neck length and leg length in birds

Author

Böhmer, Christine, Plateau, Olivia, Cornette, Raphäel, Abourachid, Anick, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences - Earth Sciences [Fribourg], University of Fribourg, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], scaling, Biology (Whole Organism), numerical variation, aves, evolution, lcsh:Q, body size, lcsh:Science, development, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Article
Abstract

Despite a diversity of about 10 000 extant species, the sophisticated avian 'body plan' has not much changed once it was achieved around 160 Ma after the origin of powered flight. All birds are bipedal having wings, a rigid trunk, a short and ossified tail, a three-segmented leg and digitigrade feet. The avian neck, however, has always been regarded as a classic example of high variability ranging from short necks in songbirds to extremely long, serpentine necks in herons. Yet, the wide array of small to very large species makes it difficult to evaluate the actual neck length. Here, we investigate the evolution of the vertebral formulae in the neck of birds and the scaling relationships between skeletal dimensions and body size. Cervical count in birds is strongly related to phylogeny, with only some specialists having an exceptional number of vertebrae in the neck. In contrast with mammals, the length of the cervical vertebral column increases as body size increases and, thus, body size does not constrain neck length in birds. Indeed, neck length scales isometrically with total leg length suggesting a correlated evolution between both modules. The strong integration between the cervical and pelvic module in birds is in contrast with the decoupling of the fore- and hindlimb module and may be the result of the loss of a functionally versatile forelimb due to the evolution of powered flight.

Published
2019
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37. Architectonic features and relative locations of primary sensory and related areas of neocortex in mouse lemurs

Author

Fabien Pifferi, Răzvan Gămănuţ, Jon H. Kaas, Henry Kennedy, Mansi P. Saraf, Pooja Balaram, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (U1208 Inserm - UCBL1 / SBRI - USC 1361 INRAE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lemur, Sensory system, Neocortex, Auditory cortex, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Laminar organization, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, Primate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Temporal cortex, Auditory Cortex, Brain Mapping, biology, General Neuroscience, Motor Cortex, Somatosensory Cortex, 030104 developmental biology, Visual cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evolutionary biology, Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cheirogaleidae, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Mouse lemurs are the smallest of the living primates, and are members of the understudied radiation of strepsirrhine lemurs of Madagascar. They are thought to closely resemble the ancestral primates that gave rise to present day primates. Here we have used multiple histological and immunochemical methods to identify and characterize sensory areas of neocortex in four brains of adult lemurs obtained from a licensed breeding colony. We describe the laminar features for the primary visual area (V1), the secondary visual area (V2), the middle temporal visual area (MT) and area prostriata, somatosensory areas S1(3b), 3a, and area 1, the primary motor cortex (M1), and the primary auditory cortex (A1). V1 has "blobs" with "nonblob" surrounds, providing further evidence that this type of modular organization might have evolved early in the primate lineage to be retained in all extant primates. The laminar organization of V1 further supports the view that sublayers of layer 3 of primates have been commonly misidentified as sublayers of layer 4. S1 (area 3b) is proportionately wider than the elongated area observed in anthropoid primates, and has disruptions that may distinguish representations of the hand, face, teeth, and tongue. Primary auditory cortex is located in the upper temporal cortex and may include a rostral area, R, in addition to A1. The resulting architectonic maps of cortical areas in mouse lemurs can usefully guide future studies of cortical connectivity and function.

Published
2019
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38. Promoting healthspan and lifespan with caloric restriction in primates

Author

Stéphane Blanc, Marc Dhenain, Fabien Pifferi, Jean-Luc Picq, Jérémy Terrien, Fabienne Aujard, Martine Perret, Jacques Epelbaum, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (LPN), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA [Fontenay-aux-Roses] (UGRA / SETA), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR 9199 (LMN), Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gaillard, Brigitte

Subjects
Primates, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, MEDLINE, Medicine (miscellaneous), Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Bioinformatics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Animals, Behavioral interventions, Adverse effect, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Caloric Restriction, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Comment, Caloric theory, 3. Good health, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Recent data confirmed the efficiency of caloric restriction for promoting both healthspan and lifespan in primates, but also revealed potential adverse effects at the central level. This paper proposes perspectives and future directions to counterbalance potential adverse effects. Efforts should be made in combining nutrition-based clinical protocols with therapeutic and/or behavioral interventions to aim for synergetic effects, and therefore delay the onset of age-related diseases without adverse effects., Fabien Pifferi et al. discuss the latest research in using caloric restriction for promoting healthspan and lifespan in primates. Their Comment touches on their previous study, addressing how to combine nutrition-based clinical protocols with interventions to delay the onset of age-related diseases.

Published
2019
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39. Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history and morphology in the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas, Anthony Herrel, Caitlin J. Karanewsky, Fabienne Aujard, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Stanford University

Subjects
SELECTION, FITNESS, ANIMAL PERSONALITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal model, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetics and genomics behaviour/evolution/genetics pace-of-life syndrome, INDIVIDUAL VARIATION, heritability, PACE, primate, BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES, EVOLUTION, personality, pace-of-life syndrome, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMPARING EVOLVABILITY, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, POPULATION, genetic correlations
Abstract

The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the heritability of personality, life-history and morphological traits and their potential genetic correlations in a small primate (Microcebus murinus). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in a large sample of captive mouse lemurs (N = 486). We chose two personality traits, two life-history traits and two morphological traits to (i) estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance, and (ii) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits and life-history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also influence the sources of variation in life-history and morphological traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of variation in personality, life-history and morphological traits in a captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be partly explained by genetic trait covariances.

Published
2019
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40. Impaired fasting blood glucose is associated to cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy in middle-aged non-human primates

Author

Delphine Champeval, Marc Dhenain, Fathia Djelti, Esther Schenker, Jacques Epelbaum, Martine Perret, Jérémy Terrien, Fabienne Aujard, Jean-Luc Picq, Isabelle Hardy, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR 9199 (LMN), Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Imagerie BioMédicale (I2BM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Project: 115009,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-01-2008,PHARMA-COG(2010), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Blood Glucose, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Microcebus murinus, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Impaired glucose tolerance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Atrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Glucose homeostasis, Animals, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive decline, middle age, hippocampal/septal atrophy, Spatial Memory, Cerebral atrophy, Cerebral Cortex, biology, Mouse lemur, Age Factors, Cell Biology, Fasting, Organ Size, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, spontaneous models, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, spatial memory performance, Female, Psychology, Cheirogaleidae, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Paper
Abstract

International audience; Age-associated cognitive impairment is a major health and social issue because of increasing aged population. Cognitive decline is not homogeneous in humans and the determinants leading to differences between subjects are not fully understood. In middle-aged healthy humans, fasting blood glucose levels in the upper normal range are associated with memory impairment and cerebral atrophy. Due to a close evolutional similarity to Man, non-human primates may be useful to investigate the relationships between glucose homeostasis, cognitive deficits and structural brain alterations. In the grey mouse lemur, $Microcebus\ murinus$, spatial memory deficits have been associated with age and cerebral atrophy but the origin of these alterations have not been clearly identified. Herein, we showed that, on 28 female grey mouse lemurs (age range 2.4-6.1 years-old), age correlated with impaired fasting blood glucose (r$_s$=0.37) but not with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance. In middle-aged animals (4.1-6.1 years-old), fasting blood glucose was inversely and closely linked with spatial memory performance (r$_s$=0.56) and hippocampus (r$_s$=-0.62) or septum (r$_s$=-0.55) volumes. These findings corroborate observations in humans and further support the grey mouse lemur as a natural model to unravel mechanisms which link impaired glucose homeostasis, brain atrophy and cognitive processes.

Published
2016
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41. Ontogeny of food grasping in mouse lemurs: behavior, morphology and performance

Author

Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Grégoire Boulinguez-Ambroise, Fabienne Aujard, Anthony Herrel, P. Zablocki-Thomas, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Biomodélisation et Ingénierie des Handicaps - EA 4322 (HANDIBIO), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Arboreal locomotion, Microcebus murinus, primates, Ontogeny, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], grasping, Microcebus, Lemur, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, limb morphology, biology.animal, evolution, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Primate, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, development, prehension, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Early onset, biology, Mouse lemur, 05 social sciences, biology.organism_classification, body regions, ontogeny, Evolutionary biology, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, psychological phenomena and processes, Prehensile tail
Abstract

International audience; In primates, grasping constitutes a vital function involved in many behaviors. Anatomical specializations of the prehensile extremities originated early-on in their evolution. However, the precise functional and ecological contexts that have driven this evolution remain unclear. Interspecific comparative studies show that a given morphology can induce different grasping behaviors and also that a given behavior can be performed using different morphological structures. In this context, an intraspecific ontogenetic approach offers the opportunity to describe the relations between patterns in grasping behavior and patterns of grasping morphology. We quantified manual grasping strategies and the associated morphometric (i.e. segments lengths) and performance (i.e. pull strength) traits for both limbs during the development of a small arboreal primate, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Our results show an early onset of grasping in young mouse lemurs. Moreover, younger individuals had relative longer hindlimbs (i.e. tibia and metatarsus) allowing them to have near-maximal levels of grasping strength. This very fast development despite an incomplete neuromuscular development highlights the importance of this grasping function directly after birth.

Published
2018
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42. Identification of novel and conserved microRNA and their expression in the gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, a primate capable of daily torpor

Author

Kenneth B. Storey, Kyle K. Biggar, Fabien Pifferi, Martine Perret, Cheng-Wei Wu, Bryan E. Luu, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
030110 physiology, 0301 basic medicine, Microcebus murinus, Torpor, In silico, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computational biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene expression, microRNA, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, RNA, Messenger, Gene, Conserved Sequence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mouse lemur, biology, Lemur, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Non-coding RNA, MicroRNAs, Liver, Protein Biosynthesis, Cheirogaleidae
Abstract

MicroRNA (miRNA) are endogenous small noncoding RNA gene products, on average 22 nt long, that play important regulatory roles in mediating gene expression by binding to and targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. In this paper we identify both novel and conserved miRNA sequences present in the genome of the gray mouse lemur, Microcebus marinus. In total, 122 conserved and 44 novel miRNA were identified with high confidence from the lemur genome (Mmur_2.0) and were used for expression analysis. All conserved and novel miRNA were subjected to relative quantification by RT-qPCR in liver samples from control and torpid lemurs. A total of 26 miRNA (16 conserved and 10 novel) showed increased levels during primate torpor, whereas 31 (30 conserved and 1 novel) decreased. Additional in silico mapping of the predicted mRNA targets of torpor-responsive mature miRNA suggested that miRNA that increased during torpor were collectively involved in cell development and survival pathways, while miRNA that decreased were enriched in targeting immune function. Overall, the study suggests new regulatory mechanisms of primate torpor via miRNA action.

Published
2018
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43. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functions, electrocortical activity and neurogenesis in a non-human primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)

Author

Giuseppe Bertini, Delphine Champeval, Julie Royo, Fabien Pifferi, Fabienne Aujard, Nicolas Villain, Federico Del Gallo, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Microcebus murinus, cognitive functions, Neurogenesis, Physiology, Lemur, Alpha (ethology), Motor Activity, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Discrimination, Psychological, Fish Oils, biology.animal, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Premovement neuronal activity, Animals, Telemetry, Primate, Olive Oil, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Neurons, biology, Mouse lemur, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, non-human primate model, supplementation, Brain, biology.organism_classification, Brain Waves, Immunohistochemistry, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Visual Perception, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Electrocorticography, Cheirogaleidae, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Among environmental factors that may affect on brain function, some nutrients and particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are required for optimal brain development. Their effects on cognitive functions, however, are still unclear, and studies in humans and rodents have yielded contradictory results. We used a non-human primate model, the grey mouse lemur, phylogenetically close to human. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognitive functions, neuronal activity and neurogenesis. Two groups of animals whose diet was supplemented with either fish oil (rich in n-3 PUFA) or olive oil as a control. These two groups were subjected to a visual discrimination task and to a test of anxiety in the open-field. In parallel, cortical activity was measured with telemetric ECoG recordings. Finally, adult neurogenesis was investigated ex vivo by means of immunohistochemistry. Animals supplemented with fish oil exhibited better visual discrimination performance and tended to have lower anxiety levels. Furthermore, supplementation increased the power of alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands in the EEG, which are related to various aspects of memory and decision-making. This study also provides the first evidence of the existence of adult neurogenesis process in a prosimian primate. Notably, lemurs supplemented with n-3 PUFAs for 21 months exhibited a higher number of newly born neurons in brain areas related to memory and emotions, compared to control animals. Altogether, these results point to long-term positive effects of dietary n-3 PUFAs on various functions of the primate brain. Further studies will be needed to determine a formal causal link between behavioral improvement and creation of new neurons.

Published
2018
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44. Personality and performance are affected by age and early life parameters in a small primate

Author

Lucile Rabardel, Anthony Herrel, Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Martine Perret, Fabienne Aujard, Isabelle Hardy, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Département Adaptations du vivant (AVIV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Harvard University, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptations et évolution des systèmes ostéomusculaires (AESO), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, life history, Microcebus murinus, Evolution, Birth weight, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DETERMINANTS, Biology, BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, Behavioral syndrome, Grip strength, SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM, Behavior and Systematics, BITE FORCE, Personality, early life, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, media_common, Nature and Landscape Conservation, phenotypic correlation, Ecology, ANIMAL PERSONALITY, 05 social sciences, MOUSE LEMURS, Biology and Life Sciences, Phenotypic trait, biology.organism_classification, Bite force quotient, Sexual dimorphism, personality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MORPHOLOGY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, REPEATABILITY, performance, Demography
Abstract

A whole suite of parameters is likely to influence the behavior and performance of individuals as adults, including correlations between phenotypic traits or an individual's developmental context. Here, we ask the question whether behavior and physical performance traits are correlated and how early life parameters such as birth weight, litter size, and growth can influence these traits as measured during adulthood. We studied 486 captive gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) and measured two behavioral traits and two performance traits potentially involved in two functions: exploration behavior with pull strength and agitation score with bite force. We checked for the existence of behavioral consistency in behaviors and explored correlations between behavior, performance, morphology. We analyzed the effect of birth weight, growth, and litter size, while controlling for age, sex, and body weight. Behavior and performance were not correlated with one another, but were both influenced by age. Growth rate had a positive effect on adult morphology, and birth weight significantly affected emergence latency and bite force. Grip strength was not directly affected by early life traits, but bite performance and exploration behavior were impacted by birth weight. This study shows how early life parameters impact personality and performance.

Published
2018
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45. Partial homologies between sleep states in lizards, mammals, and birds suggest a complex evolution of sleep states in amniotes

Author

Anne-Laure Morel, Olivier Beuf, Pierre-Hervé Luppi, Sébastien Arthaud, Bertrand Massot, Anthony Herrel, Baptiste Barrillot, Paul-Antoine Libourel, Born, Jan, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INL - Capteurs Biomédicaux (INL - Capteurs), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE), Chimie Nucléaire Analytique et Bio-environnementale (CNAB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RMN et optique : De la mesure au biomarqueur, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Physio-pathologie des réseaux neuronaux du cycle veille-sommeil, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, CTENOSAURA-PECTINATA, Eye Movements, Physiology, Visual System, Sensory Physiology, Sleep, Slow-Wave, SLOW OSCILLATION, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Medicine and Health Sciences, PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, Biology (General), GEOCHELONE-CARBONARIA, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bearded dragon, Mammals, General Neuroscience, Brain, Eukaryota, Electroencephalography, Lizards, Eye Muscles, Biological Evolution, Sleep in non-human animals, Sensory Systems, Squamates, Chemistry, IGUANA-IGUANA, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vertebrates, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Muscle Electrophysiology, Research Article, Serotonin uptake, QH301-705.5, Ocular Anatomy, Cardiology, Sleep, REM, Zoology, Tegu, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Arousal, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Muscle tone, Ocular System, Fluoxetine, biology.animal, TUPINAMBIS-MERIANAE, medicine, Animals, General Immunology and Microbiology, Electromyography, Lizard, Electrophysiological Techniques, Organisms, Reptiles, Biology and Life Sciences, BRAIN TEMPERATURE, biology.organism_classification, Sleep deprivation, 030104 developmental biology, SPIKE ACTIVITY, REM-SLEEP, Amniotes, Sleep Deprivation, Human medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sleep, Physiological Processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, SEROTONIN UPTAKE
Abstract

It is crucial to determine whether rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS) (or non-REM sleep), identified in most mammals and birds, also exist in lizards, as they share a common ancestor with these groups. Recently, a study in the bearded dragon (P. vitticeps) reported states analogous to REM and SWS alternating in a surprisingly regular 80-s period, suggesting a common origin of the two sleep states across amniotes. We first confirmed these results in the bearded dragon with deep brain recordings and electro-oculogram (EOG) recordings. Then, to confirm a common origin and more finely characterize sleep in lizards, we developed a multiparametric approach in the tegu lizard, a species never recorded to date. We recorded EOG, electromyogram (EMG), heart rate, and local field potentials (LFPs) and included data on arousal thresholds, sleep deprivation, and pharmacological treatments with fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake blocker that suppresses REM sleep in mammals. As in the bearded dragon, we demonstrate the existence of two sleep states in tegu lizards. However, no clear periodicity is apparent. The first sleep state (S1 sleep) showed high-amplitude isolated sharp waves, and the second sleep state (S2 sleep) displayed 15-Hz oscillations, isolated ocular movements, and a decrease in heart rate variability and muscle tone compared to S1. Fluoxetine treatment induced a significant decrease in S2 quantities and in the number of sharp waves in S1. Because S2 sleep is characterized by the presence of ocular movements and is inhibited by a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as is REM sleep in birds and mammals, it might be analogous to this state. However, S2 displays a type of oscillation never previously reported and does not display a desynchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) as is observed in the bearded dragons, mammals, and birds. This suggests that the phenotype of sleep states and possibly their role can differ even between closely related species. Finally, our results suggest a common origin of two sleep states in amniotes. Yet, they also highlight a diversity of sleep phenotypes across lizards, demonstrating that the evolution of sleep states is more complex than previously thought., Author summary Until recently, the general understanding about sleep was that only mammals and birds show two sleep states: slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Consequently, it was thought that these two states appeared independently in these warm-blooded animals. However, a recent paper reported the presence of these two states in the bearded dragon lizard (Pogona vitticeps), suggesting that these two states arose with the common ancestor of mammals, birds, and reptiles. We confirmed the presence of two sleep states in the bearded dragon and compared its sleep with that of another lizard, the Argentine tegu (Salvator merianae). Our results show that both lizard species have two sleep states with similarities to the two sleep states observed in mammals and birds. Additionally, our study of behavioral and physiological parameters as well as the brain activity associated with sleep in these lizards allowed us to also show important differences between these two species of lizards and between lizards, birds, and mammals. Our findings indicate that sleep in lizards is more complex than previously thought and raise further questions about the nature, function, and evolution of these two sleep states.

Published
2018
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46. Humusica 1, article 3: Essential bases ‒ Quick look at the classification

Author

Maria De Nobili, Jérôme Juilleret, Chiara Ferronato, Jean-François Ponge, Rein de Waal, Augusto Zanella, Dipartimento del Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Bologna, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Zanella, Augusto, Ponge, Jean-Françoi, de Waal, Rein, Ferronato, Chiara, De Nobili, Maria, and Juilleret, Jérôme

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Computer science, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Anthropogenic humus system, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Humus, Set (abstract data type), Anthropogenic humus systems, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Terrestrial humus system, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Para humus system, Vegetatie, Vegetation, Information retrieval, Ecology, Aqueous humus systems, Aqueous humus system, Humu, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus classification, Histic humus systems, Para humus systems, Terrestrial humus systems, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Histic humus system, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Terms and concepts have been defined in Humusica 1, article 1 and the functioning of humus systems has been discussed in Humusica 1, article 2. Here a short overview of the matter, showing humus systems in their environment, is provided for beginners, before making field investigations. The present work is intended as a part of the field manual (Humusica 1 and 2), an illustrated, easy-to-use application tool for humus systems classification, helpful even for not (yet) expert pedologists. The present article gives also a fast look at the classification, sharing Terrestrial, Histic, Aqueous and Para humus systems, every group being defined by its characteristics set in synthetic tables, and suggests a step-by-step approach allowing everyone to classify and investigate humus systems and forms.

Published
2018
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47. Temporal Control of Metabolic Amplitude by Nocturnin

Author

Bilal Mukadam, Jérémy Terrien, Peng Gao, Jeremy J. Stubblefield, Carla B. Green, Gokhul Kilaru, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cholesterol synthesis, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Circadian clock, Regulator, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Circadian rhythm, lcsh:QH301-705.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, 2. Zero hunger, Cholesterol, Nuclear Proteins, Lipid Metabolism, medicine.disease, Obesity, Circadian Rhythm, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Metabolic pathway, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Liver, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), Flux (metabolism), Transcription Factors
Abstract

SUMMARY The timing of food intake and nutrient utilization is critical to health and regulated partly by the circadian clock. Increased amplitude of circadian oscillations and metabolic output has been found to improve health in diabetic and obesity mouse models. Here, we report a function for the circadian deadenylase Nocturnin as a regulator of metabolic amplitude across the day/night cycle and in response to nutrient challenge. We show that mice lacking Nocturnin (Noct−/−) display significantly increased amplitudes of mRNA expression of hepatic genes encoding key metabolic enzymes regulating lipid and cholesterol synthesis, both over the daily circadian cycle and in response to fasting and refeeding. Noct−/− mice have increased plasma triglyceride throughout the night and increased amplitude of hepatic cholesterol levels. Therefore, posttranscriptional control by Nocturnin regulates the amplitude of these critical metabolic pathways, and loss of this activity results in increased metabolic flux and reduced obesity., In Brief Stubblefield et al. find that Nocturnin is a key regulator of metabolic amplitude. Nocturnin expression depends on the circadian clock and nutrient status. In the absence of Nocturnin, mRNAs encoding lipid and cholesterol metabolic enzymes display increased amplitudes of expression, resulting in increased circulating metabolites.

Published
2018
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48. Humusica 1, article 1: Essential bases – Vocabulary

Author

Jean-François Ponge, Oleg Chertov, Jérôme Juilleret, Michaël Aubert, Jean-Michel Gobat, José Luis Rubio, Augusto Zanella, Manuel Blouin, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Sol & Végétation, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Fachhochschule Bingen, and University of Valencia

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Vocabulary, Computer science, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Humus, Humus, Humusica, Humus form classification, Humus system, Humus vocabulary, Soil classification, Soil concept, Soil concept ABSTRACT, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Soil classification, Soil concept, Natural (music), Humus vocabulary, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Humus form classification, Topsoil, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Field (geography), Epistemology, Variety (cybernetics), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Humusica, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Humus system
Abstract

International audience; The Special Issue Humusica 1 corresponds to a field guide for the classification of terrestrial humus systems and forms. The present first article of the issue defines vocabulary, objects and concepts necessary for: (a) field investigation, (b) understanding the process of classification, (c) assigning ecological significance to the defined morpho-functional units, (d) discussing and exchanging scientific data about humus systems. The article starts with general considerations, as the necessity humans have to classify natural objects for sharing ideas and information on them. Then the article focuses on soil as functional element of every ecosystem. Historical and recently published international definitions of soil are reported and compared to the more biological definition of the authors of the paper. Once the concept “soil” is clarified, the soil profile is shared in three new sub-units, for further specialised investigations. The superficial and organic-rich sub-unit is labelled Humipedon. In the rest of the article, authors explain the different constituents of a general humipedon, introducing even novice soil scientists to field practice and topsoil observation. A general overview of the variety of humipedons that one may expect to find all over planet Earth, classified in humus systems and forms, concludes the article.

Published
2018
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49. Humusica 1, article 8: Terrestrial humus systems and forms – Biological activity and soil aggregates, space-time dynamics

Author

Augusto Zanella, Maria J. I. Briones, Jean-François Ponge, Dipartimento del Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Departamento de Ecologia y Biologia Animal, and Universidade de Vigo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), Soil biodiversity, Biodiversity, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Humus, Soil dynamics, Soil arthropods, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Soil earthworms, Soil functions, Ecosystem, Soil dynamic, SOC, Soil animals, Abiotic component, Soil functioning, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, SOM, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus classification, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Humusica, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Soil aggregates, Comic strip
Abstract

International audience; Litter biodegradation is a process of life. Organisms feed, reproduce, die and decompose. Decomposition is essential, and it is never complete. In addition, the elements generated by this process become new bricks for building more complex structures in a dynamically evolving environment. In this article, we show some pictures of the main actors in litter biodegradation. We also try to associate living organisms to the soil aggregates they generate, furnishing photographs of organisms and aggregates visible in the field even with a naked eye. The transformation of dead bodies, organs or cells and droppings in the soil ecosystem is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors and hence it must be considered as a dynamic, never ending, local evolution. Instead of focusing on specific data, we have tried to present the involved phenomena to a non-specialised public (naturalists, students, teachers, etc.) through the use of graphical schemes, indicating arrows, photographs, and drawings. In the end, readers will be aware that things are not as simple as expected, that static models cannot give a precise image of a reality in constant evolution. The article can be inspected as a photo album, read as a comic strip or used as a dictionary. The authors aim to illustrate rather than to explain the relationships between humus systems, climate and biodiversity.

Published
2018
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50. Humusica 2, article 13: Para humus systems and forms

Author

Nicole Pietrasiak, Renée-Claire Le Bayon, Rocco L. Mancinelli, Augusto Zanella, Magalì Matteodo, Lynn J. Rothschild, Marina Nadporozhskaya, Dylan Tatti, Jean-François Ponge, Jérôme Juilleret, Ines Fritz, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), New Mexico State University, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Institut de Biologie, Laboratoire Sol et Végétation, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), and Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER)

Subjects
Topsoil, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Ecology, Soil biology, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Algae, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Extreme environment, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Lichen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, USDA soil taxonomy
Abstract

International audience; Planet Earth is covered by very common Terrestrial (not submersed), Histic (peats) and Aqueous (tidal) humipedons. Beside these typical topsoils there are other more discrete humipedons, generated by the interaction of mineral matter with microorganisms, fungi and small plants (algae, lichens and mosses). In some cases roots and their symbionts can be a driving force of litter biotransformation, in other cases a large amount of decaying wood accommodates particular organisms which interfere with and change the normal process of litter decomposition. Particular microorganisms inhabit submerged sediments or extreme environments and can generate specialised humipedons with grey-black or even astonishingly flashing colours. We describe all these common but still unknown humipedons, defining diagnostic horizons and proposing a first morpho-functional classification, which still has to be improved. At the end of the article, the hypothesis of evolving and interconnected Cosmo, Aero, Hydro, Humi, Co, Litho and Geopedons (related to the microbiota) is formulated as a speculative curiosity.

Published
2018
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