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The results of the study of the only species, which "escaped" from the Main Botanical Garden (MBG RAS, Moscow) and invaded the anthropogenically disturbed territories of the Moscow Region, Adenocaulon adhaerescens Maxim, were summarized. The history of intentional introduction of the species and stages of formation of spontaneous invasive population were described. The characteristic of the plant communities and habitats of the species was given. Data on the population size, seed productivity in the native and the secondary ranges and on vegetative propagation of plants were given. The morphological characters at different stages of plant ontogenesis were described. A comparative analysis of morphometric characters of seeds, leaves, and inflorescences in the native and secondary ranges of the species has been performed. Molecular genetic analysis of A. adhaerescens samples from the natural and secondary ranges and closely related species of the genus Adenocaulon was performed. The analysis has confirmed the validity of A. adhaerescens recognition as a separate species. Diagnostic characters of A. adhaerescens were described. The results of management invasive population in MBG RAS were presented and recommendations on control measures of A. adhaerescens dispersal were given.

This review focuses on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and their complications in elderly patients. It discusses disease diagnosis, its verification, and risk stratification of patients. Highand very highrisk patients should receive aggressive lipid-regulating pharmacotherapy with statins in order to control the level of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Such therapy has some specific features in elderly patients.

This article covers current views on the role of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis as a biomarker and equivalent of coronary heart disease. It focuses on the detection of subclinical multifocal atherosclerosis in lowto moderate-risk patients, which enables disease diagnosis, its verification, restratification of patients, identification of highand very high-risk individuals, and implementation of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, including aggressive lipid-regulating pharmacotherapy.

According to one hypotheses, the success of invasive species is due to increased hybridization processes in the secondary distribution range. The purpose of the study was to predict the further rate of the introduction of goldenrod taxa (Solidago L.) in the natural phytocenoses that form in the secondary distribution range with verification of the hybrid nature of these taxa via experimental and molecular genetic methods and to test the hypothesis of higher competitiveness and invasive activity of hybrids with relation to parental species. For comparison, an analysis of the hybridogenic activity of some other representatives of the Asteraceae family of North American origin (Bidens spp., Erigeron sect., Conyza spp.) based on data previously obtained by the authors. It is shown that not all taxa with intermediate morphological characters are hybrids. Thus, neither experimental nor molecular genetic methods confirmed the hybrid origin of Bidens × garumnae and Solidago сanadensis × S. gigantea. Hybrids Solidago × niederederi, S. × snarskisii, and Conyza × rouyana, which have arisen in Europe. They are found only in the secondary distribution range of parental species and are solitary and less competitive than their ancestral forms. A tendency to naturalize is observed only in S. × niederederi. Thus, the hypothesis of the higher competitive ability and invasive activity of hybrids as compared to parental species is not comprehensive, and its supporting examples are the exception rather than the rule.

All taxa of Erigeron sect. Conyza are invasive in the Mediterranean basin. Three species, E. bonariensis, E. canadensis, and E. sumatrensis, are the most widespread in Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Based on analysis of the morphological features (the shape and the diameter of inflorescences, the degree of the pubescence of the shoots and leaves), several individuals could not be attributed to any species, since they had intermediate parameters. A hypothesis on the hybridogenic origin of these plants was advanced. The hybridogenic activity of Erigeron sect. Conyza in the secondary distribution range was studied molecular genetically analyzing the ISSR fragments and ITS site of nuclear DNA. All Erigeron invasive species have very low hybridogenic activity, and plants with intermediate traits are not always hybrids.

The hybrid origin of the Bidens × decipiens species, which was earlier ascribed to the North American alien species B. connata, was confirmed by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the ITS nuclear site. The name “B. connata” is indicated as invalid for a taxon that does not grow in North America. Earlier, we tested the hypothesis of hybrid origin of B. × decipiens using ISSR analysis and revealed that B. × decipiens can be considered as a complex of hybrids and backcrosses of B. cernua and B. frondosa. Analysis of the Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer confirmed the hybrid origin of this taxon and made it possible to establish that B. cernua is the maternal species and B. frondosa with a high probability is the paternal species of the taxon.

The paper contains the data on the development of quality control sample (QCS) for determination of specific activity of heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin in neutralization test on white mice. Given are the results on QCS attestation in reference to international standard samples of human immunoglobulin against rabies. The quality control sample is put on the register of QCSs approved for application in experimental-production subdivisions and in the department of biological and technical control. It is deployed for final quality control of anti-rabies immunoglobulin preparation in commercial batches.

The effect of triethylamine and pyridine on the kinetics and mechanism of ferrocenylboric and ferrocenylcarboxylic acids oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in water and aqueous-organic media has been studied. The addition of amines has accelerated the oxidation of ferrocenylboric acid both by hydrogen peroxide and by oxygen. Triethylamine has slowed down the oxidation of ferrocenylacetic acid and stabilized the formed zwitter-ion Fc+CH2COO–. Ferrocenylcarboxylic acid has not been oxidized by H2O2. The mechanism of the reaction has been suggested.

The reactivity of ferrocene derivatives with respect to p-quinones in acid media has been studied. A tentative mechanism of oxidation of ferrocene with p-qionone in acid media including two-step reduction of p-quinone to hydroquinone is proposed.

Diamond-like carbon coatings on hard-alloy substrates, including coatings doped with nitrogen about 1.0 μm thick have been obtained using a pulse vacuum-arc method. Three types of coatings have been investigated: a carbon diamond-like coating (C), a carbon coating doped with nitrogen (C: N), and a composite coating based on (C: N + C) layers. The coatings have been annealed in atmospheric air at a temperature of 400°C. The tribological characteristics (wear resistance and friction coefficient change dynamics), the adhesion strength, and the microhardness of coatings in the initial state and after annealing have been studied. The composite coating consisting of C: N + C layers surpasses the constituent coatings in properties, both in the initial state and after annealing at a temperature of 400°C.

Studies of the effect of nitrogen ion irradiation on the structure and properties of nitrogenated amorphous carbon coatings prepared on polished sitall and silicon substrates by the pulsed vacuum arc deposition method are presented. The techniques used in the investigations were electron energy loss spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The elemental composition of the coatings was estimated by secondary ion mass spectrometry. It has been found that an increase in the intensity of nitrogen ion irradiation of a carbon nitrogen-containing coating results in an increase in its electrical conductivity, decreases in internal stresses, density, and modulus of elasticity, and also changes in the structure and morphology of the surface. In an additional experiment with a thin a-C:N layer the absence of nitrogen diffusion in a-C during annealing at the temperature up to 1000 °C was confirmed.

Investigation results of the structure, mechanical, tribological and adhesion characteristics of carbon coatings obtained by two different methods: high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and pulsed cathodic arc deposition (PCAD) are presented. Coatings obtained by PCAD demonstrated higher hardness and tribological characteristics, but lower adhesion and higher internal stresses. The defectiveness of coatings deposited by both methods is almost the same

The paper analyzes the modern water management balance of the Republic of Crimea in the context of administrative and territorial units. The possibility of using the ArcGIS 10.4 software package for visualization of spatial statistical data that characterize the water balance is shown. The forecast values of the water balance of the Republic of Crimea for 2030 are given. Maps of the current water management balance for the administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Crimea for the current period and for 2030 based on statistical observations have been constructed. It has been established that the territory of the Republic of Crimea is extremely water-deficient and only in certain administrative-territorial units a positive water balance is observed (Bakhchisarai and Belogorsk regions of the Republic of Crimea, Sudak urban district, Alushta urban district and Yalta urban district). At the same time, according to forecasts, by 2030 it will be possible to significantly reduce the water deficit, but a number of regions of the Republic of Crimea will still have a negative water balance.

Earlier it was suggested, based on study of the morphological features, that a new taxon of burmarigold, which had been noted in recent decades in several locations on the territory of Russia and neighboring countries and described as an alien species of Bidens connata, is in fact a hybrid species that arose in Europe. This hypothesis was confirmed by the molecular genetic method. A complex of taxa of the genus Bidens from various parts of the areal and their F1 first generation offspring were studied, and a polymerase chain reaction was performed using ISSR primers. It was established that the taxon investigated represents a complex of hybrids and recurrent hybrids that arose in the European part of Russia independently by hybridization of the alien B. frondosa and the aboriginal B. cernua.

The absence of capacity for sexual reproduction does not hinder the rapid expansion of the invasive range of the alien species Veronica filiformis J.E. Smith (Plantaginaceae). Lawn mowing or raking causes the fragmentation of shoots and accelerates vegetative reproduction of V. filiformis. The clone diameter of this species was shown to increase up to 25 times during the growing season, whereas the number of internodes increased by a factor of 1000–2000. Slender speedwell expanded from the site of initial introduction (Moscow, Russia) at the speed of 4 km/year in the northern direction and at a speed of 10 km/year in the southern direction. Illumination of the site had a more pronounced effect on the regenerative capacity of the species than the age of root-forming shoots. Invasion of meadow and forest fringe communities by this species was registered in recent decades. The high speed of expansion of the secondary distribution range, the displacement of native species, and the direct damage to lawns caused by this plant allow for the assignment of an invasive species status to V. filiformis and justify the control over the dispersal of this species.

The oxidation of Fc(C2H5)2, Fc(COCH3)2, and Fc(PPh2)2, where Fc is a ferrocene, with hydrogen peroxide in aprotic (dioxane and acetonitrile) and hydroxyl-containing (ethanol, acetonitrile–water, and water) solvents is studied via electron spectroscopy. The reactivity of these metal complexes relative to an oxidant is due to the electron-donor or electron-acceptor properties of substituents, their sizes, and their capability for the specific solvation by a particular solvent. Possible mechanisms of the oxidation of metal complexes are discussed. When Fc(PPh2)2 is oxidized, the formation of ferrocenyl cation Fc+(PPh2)2 is due to the redox isomerism of ferrocenylphosphonium cation Fc(PPh2)P+Ph2, which can form during the reaction between protonated complex Fc(PPh2)P(H+)Ph2 and H2O2.

Results of an investigation of the properties of coatings on the basis of carbon, tungsten, boron, and titanium obtained by the pulsed vacuum-arc method are presented. It has been found that the adhesion characteristics of coatings based on boron and titanium may be improved using a composite carbon-based coating, doped with tungsten, boron, and titanium, which, moreover, has a microhardness greater than those of a coating based on titanium and boron.

Aim of the research is to evaluate the structure changes of the capillaries, arterioles, venules and intra and extravascular alterations in myocardium of rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Material and methods. Experiments were performed in 18 white male noninbred rats. Midline thoracotomy was performed, and the heart excised under intraperitoneal anesthesia (sodium thiopental) on 3, 7 and 12 days after TBI. Myocardial tissue of the left ventricle was examined under light and electron microscopy. The results showed that following brain trauma there were changes of microvascular wall characterized by alterations of permeability, paracellular oedema, outgrowths of vessel endothelium, swelling, edema, and thinning of endothelial cells, intussusceptions, vacuolization of cytoplasm with fragmentation within the myocardium of the rats with TBI. Intravascular changes were manifested by the formation of hyaline thrombi, microaggregates and sludge of red blood cells in the lumen, altered vascular membrane structures, bubbles or even complete absence of circulation in capillaries (noreflow). Alterations outside of the vascular wall were manifested by the formation of diapedetic hemorrhage and development of a strongly pronounced perivascular edema. The injury of microvessels and the microrelief of the luminal surface of endothelial cells appeared to be important factors of activation of vascularplatelet mechanism of hemostasis. Conclusion. Treatment of traumatic disease should consider the need in timely correction of nonspecific alter ations associated with TBI to optimize the restructuring of cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, abrogate endothelial dysfunction and prevent microcirculatory complications.

Aza-Michael reaction of (E)-4-(diphenylphosphoryl)but-3-en-2-one (1) with a number of mono-and bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles proceeds regioselectively in the absence of catalysts with the formation of corresponding β-azahetaryl β-diphenylphosphoryl ketones; in the case of imidazole, the presence of chiral organic catalysts allows one to increase the yields of the adducts and to obtain them in enantiomerically enriched form.

The goal is, based on modern methods of geoinformatics and geomatics, to assess the landscapes of the Crimean Peninsula for tourism using a set of indicators characterizing the expressiveness of the geomorphological basis: the absolute height, steepness of the slopes, the depth of the relief and the density of the dissection of the relief. Organization and research methods: assessment of the landscapes of the Crimean Peninsula by a set of indicators characterizing the expressiveness of the geomorphological basis was carried out using the Quantum GIS (QGIS) software package by creating a series of maps reflecting the geomorphological characteristics of the relief and their subsequent overlay analysis for each of the landscapes of the Crimean Peninsula. To create maps and obtain indicator values, geoinformation, cartographic, and cartometric research methods were used. The data obtained for each landscape were further processed by statistical methods using the statistical calculation environment R and the Statistica 10 program. Results: the values of the absolute height, slope steepness, depth of the dismemberment of the relief and the density of the dissection of the relief were calculated for each landscape of the Crimean Peninsula. In addition, by implementing statistical methods, zoning of landscapes of the Crimean Peninsula was carried out using a set of indicators characterizing the expressiveness of the geomorphological basis.

Species of the genus Bidens that have invaded natural communities in Europe were observed. Fourteen species have been introduced in European botanical gardens since the 18th century, but only two of them have become invasive in Russia-Bidensfrondosa and B. connata. B.frondosa demonstrates microevolutional ability in the second distribution range. Nevertheless, it has a low ability of hybridization. B. frondosa has higher competitiveness compared with that of B. connata.

The complex of microspecies of the Bidens genus referred earlier to B. × garumnae is characterized. Generation F1 does not inherit the prostrate habit and entire leaves, which are specific to parental plants, but each sample is uniform and has its own set of morphological and biological characteristics. In the studied locality, only one B. radiata × B. frondosa hybrid grows. No proof of the hybrid origin of other microspecies was found. It is proposed to perform the molecular genetic analysis of plant samples referred earlier to Bidens × garumnae and to describe them in the future as independent microspecies or intraspecific taxa.

Results of tribotests of nanosized carbon coatings formed on silicon surfaces by the pulse vacuum-arc method at various orientations of substrates with regard to a carbon plasma flow are presented; the tribotests were carried out for as-deposited coatings and coatings annealed in vacuum at 600 and 800°C. It has been shown that, among as-deposited coatings, the carbon coating deposited on a substrate perpendicular to the axis of the plasma flow has the highest wear resistance. An increase in the wear resistance of diamond-like carbon coatings after annealing at 600°C has been found.

Aza-Michael reaction of ( E )-4-(diphenylphosphoryl)but-3-en-2-one with mono- and bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles proceeds regioselectively in the absence of catalysts to give the corresponding s-diphenylphosphoryl-b-azahetarylalkanones. Its reaction with imidazole in the presence of chiral organocatalysts affords the corresponding enantiomerically enriched adduct in higher yield.

Justified is the possibility of application of fixed rabies virus Moscow 3253, reproduced on the cell culture Vero, as an antigen for heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin production. Application of the adjuvant - aluminium hydrate - is determined to be effective. Herein, by the day 73 post immunization, specific antibodies titer is ≥ 1:500 (wherein specific activity has been identified by means of neutralization test, carried out on white mice, and dot-blot immunoassay). The level of specific activity in experimental samples of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, isolated from rabbit immune serum, corresponds to 332 and 347 ME/ml. Physicochemical and biological properties of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, produced with the help of cultural antigen, fully comply with regulatory requirements specified for commercial preparation of heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin.

Crystallization of pharmaceutical substance venlafaxine was studied. The purity of the recrystallized product was established by elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), HPLC, and IR and NMR spectroscopy.

Nitrogen-doped carbon coatings up to 100 nm thick are obtained on single-crystal silicon wafers with the use of the pulsed vacuum-arc technique with nitrogen gas puffing into a vacuum chamber. The dependence that the specific conductivity has on the nitrogen pressure is investigated. The nitrogen content of the coating and plasmon energy are obtained by the spectroscopy of electron-energy characteristic losses (EECLs). The coating morphology is investigated with scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dependences that the specific conductivity has on nitrogen pressure and thickness show nonlinear behavior; correlations between the coating morphology, specific conductivity, and plasmon energy are revealed. An explanation for the results is proposed.

Presented are the comparative data of actual and regulated indicators of the qualitative characteristics of the heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin produced by the RARI Microbe for the five years of serial preparation manufacturing. Modern high-technology methods to control the baromembrane processes used in immunoglobulin purification are highlighted.

Results of investigations into the properties of nanosized carbon coatings doped with nitrogen, tungsten, and aluminium and obtained on silicon by the pulse vacuum arc method are discussed. The doping effect on internal stress values, microhardness, and surface morphology was studied. It has been established that doping nanosized carbon coatings with nitrogen, tungsten, and aluminium makes it possible affect their internal stress values, surface morphology, and the strength properties of the substrate-coating system.

The influence of ion energy on the magnitude of internal stress, electric conductivity, and surface morphology of nitrogenated carbon coatings on silicon produced by the pulsed vacuum-arc technique has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. It has been found that an increase in the ion energy with variation in applied acceleration voltage substantially increases the internal compression stress in the forming coating. The ion irradiation results (1) in a considerable inhomogeneity of the internal stress distribution over the coating and (2) in the formation of 15-to 50-nm-high nanoscale islands. Inhomogeneity of the coating conductivity with a minimum on the peaks of the islands has been observed, which indicates the prevalence of tetrahedral bonds between carbon atoms in these regions with sp3 hybridization of atomic electron orbitals (sp3 phases). An explanation of the results has been proposed based on the existing model of the formation of internal stress in coatings prepared under ion irradiation.

Species of the genus Bidens that have invaded natural communities in Europe were observed. Fourteen species have been introduced in European botanical gardens since the 18th century, but only two of them have become invasive in Russia-Bidensfrondosa and B. connata. B.frondosa demonstrates microevolutional ability in the second distribution range. Nevertheless, it has a low ability of hybridization. B. frondosa has higher competitiveness compared with that of B. connata.

The reactions of tosyl isocyanate with diethyl diphenylsulfuranylidenemalonate, 2-dimethylsulfuranylidenedimedone, and 2-dimethylsulfuranylideneindane-1,3-dione afforded 1,3-ditosyl-5,5-diethoxycarbonylimidazolidine-2,4-dione and tosylimination products at the keto groups, respectively. Phenyliodonium ylides derived from diethyl malonate and ethyl acetate react with 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate to form substituted oxazolin-2-ones.

Compounds containing active methylene groups react with isocyanates of different structures in the presence of triethylamine to form functionally substituted amides.

Aza-Michael reaction of ( E )-4-(diphenylphosphoryl)but-3-en-2-one with mono- and bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles proceeds regioselectively in the absence of catalysts to give the corresponding s-diphenylphosphoryl-b-azahetarylalkanones. Its reaction with imidazole in the presence of chiral organocatalysts affords the corresponding enantiomerically enriched adduct in higher yield.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the structural changes in the capillaries, arterioles, venules, and cardiomyocytes in the myocardium of the rats following the craniocerebral injury (CCI). Eighteen non-pedigree white female rats with the craniocerebral injury were used as the CCI model. All the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental (100 mg/kg b.w.) within 3, 7, and 12 days after the injury. The heart was removed after thoracotomy and the myocardial tissue was examined with the light and electron microscopes. It was shown that the rats with the craniocerebral injury developed well apparent changes in the myocardial tissue during the early post-traumatic period that affected not only the blood vessels themselves (capillaries, arterioles, venules) but also the intra- and extravascular structures. Changes in the microcirculatory system included damages to the mitochondria, myofibrils, cell nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and cardiomyocytes. It is concluded that the morphological changes in the myocardium of the animals associated with the craniocerebral injury can induce the development of functional disorders in the cardiovascular system during the early post-traumatic period.Цель исследования - оценить структурные изменения капилляров, артериол, венул и кардиомиоцитов в миокарде крыс, перенесших черепно-мозговую травму (ЧМТ). На 18 белых нелинейных крысах-самках моделировали ЧМТ. Через 3, 7 и 12 сут после травмы на фоне внутрибрюшинного введения тиопентала натрия (100 мг/кг) производили срединную торакотомию и извлекали сердце. Ткань миокарда исследовали с помощью светового и электронного микроскопа. Установлено, что у крыс, перенесших ЧМТ, в раннем посттравматическом периоде в миокарде формируются выраженные изменения как самих сосудов (капилляры, артериолы и венулы), так и внутри- и внесосудистые нарушения. Изменения в микроциркуляторном русле сопровождаются повреждением митохондрий, миофибрилл, ядра и саркоплазматического ретикулума кардиомиоцитов. Выявленные морфологические нарушения в миокарде крыс, перенесших ЧМТ, могут явиться важной причиной формирования расстройств сердечно-сосудистой системы в раннем посттравматическом периоде.Цель исследования — оценить структурные изменения капилляров, артериол, венул и кардиомиоцитов в миокарде крыс, перенесших черепно-мозговую травму (ЧМТ). На 18 белых нелинейных крысах-самках моделировали ЧМТ. Через 3, 7 и 12 сут после травмы на фоне внутрибрюшинного введения тиопентала натрия (100 мг/кг) производили срединную торакотомию и извлекали сердце. Ткань миокарда исследовали с помощью светового и электронного микроскопа. Установлено, что у крыс, перенесших ЧМТ, в раннем посттравматическом периоде в миокарде формируются выраженные изменения как самих сосудов (капилляры, артериолы и венулы), так и внутри- и внесосудистые нарушения. Изменения в микроциркуляторном русле сопровождаются повреждением митохондрий, миофибрилл, ядра и саркоплазматического ретикулума кардиомиоцитов. Выявленные морфологические нарушения в миокарде крыс, перенесших ЧМТ, могут явиться важной причиной формирования расстройств сердечно-сосудистой системы в раннем посттравматическом периоде.

The reactions of the zwitterion derived from triisopropylphosphine and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate with mercuric chloride and aryl isothiocyanates containing Cl atoms in the ortho positions of the benzene ring follow an unusual pathway because this zwitterion represents “latent” triisopropylphosphine due to the reversibility of the reaction of triisopropylphosphine with ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate. The molecular structures of the adducts of triisopropylphosphine with 2,6-dichloro- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl isothiocyanates were confirmed by X-ray diffraction study. Protonation of the adduct of triisopropylphosphine with 2,6-dichlorophenyl isothiocyanate occurred at the nitrogen atom, whereas methylation with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate afforded an S-methylation product. The results of X-ray diffraction study of the resulting compounds are presented.

Reactions between isocyanates, carbanions with an acetyl group at the carbanion center occurvia rearrangement of the intermediate N-anions into isomeric C-anions by C→N-migration of the MeC(O)group. The acetyl group undergoes migration easier than the ethoxycarbonyl group. The P-zwitterionic rearrangement products were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis.