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1. Long-term impact of COVID-19 hospitalisation among individuals with pre-existing airway diseases in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study – PHOSP-COVID

Author: Omer Elneima, John R. Hurst, Carlos Echevarria, Jennifer K. Quint, Samantha Walker, Salman Siddiqui, Petr Novotny, Paul E. Pfeffer, Jeremy S. Brown, Manu Shankar-Hari, Hamish J.C. McAuley, Olivia C. Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir I. Lone, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Aziz Sheikh, Chris E. Brightling, Anthony De Soyza, Liam G. Heaney, J.K. Baillie, N.I. Lone, E. Pairo-Castineira, N. Avramidis, K. Rawlik, S Jones, L. Armstrong, B. Hairsine, H. Henson, C. Kurasz, A. Shaw, L. Shenton, H. Dobson, A. Dell, S. Fairbairn, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, M. Hoare, V. Lewis, A. Lucey, G. Mallison, H. Nassa, C. Pennington, A. Price, C. Price, A. Storrie, G. Willis, S. Young, K. Poinasamy, S. Walker, I. Jarrold, A. Sanderson, K. Chong-James, C. David, W.Y. James, P. Pfeffer, O. Zongo, A. Martineau, C. Manisty, C. Armour, V. Brown, J. Busby, B. Connolly, T. Craig, S. Drain, L.G. Heaney, B. King, N. Magee, E. Major, D. McAulay, L. McGarvey, J. McGinness, T. Peto, R. Stone, A. Bolger, F. Davies, A. Haggar, J. Lewis, A. Lloyd, R. Manley, E. McIvor, D. Menzies, K. Roberts, W. Saxon, D. Southern, C. Subbe, V. Whitehead, A. Bularga, N.L. Mills, J. Dawson, H. El-Taweel, L. Robinson, L. Brear, K. Regan, D. Saralaya, K. Storton, S. Amoils, A. Bermperi, I. Cruz, K. Dempsey, A. Elmer, J. Fuld, H. Jones, S. Jose, S. Marciniak, M. Parkes, C. Ribeiro, J. Taylor, M. Toshner, L. Watson, J. Worsley, L. Broad, T. Evans, M. Haynes, L. Jones, L. Knibbs, A. McQueen, C. Oliver, K. Paradowski, R. Sabit, J. Williams, I. Jones, L. Milligan, E. Harris, C. Sampson, E. Davies, C. Evenden, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, C. Lynch, M. Rees, L. Roche, N. Stroud, T. Thomas-Woods, S. Heller, T. Chalder, K. Shah, E. Robertson, B. Young, M. Babores, M. Holland, N. Keenan, S. Shashaa, H. Wassall, L. Austin, E. Beranova, T. Cosier, J. Deery, T. Hazelton, H. Ramos, R. Solly, S. Turney, H. Weston, M. Ralser, L. Pearce, S. Pugmire, W. Stoker, A. Wilson, W. McCormick, E. Fraile, J. Ugoji, L. Aguilar Jimenez, G. Arbane, S. Betts, K. Bisnauthsing, A. Dewar, N. Hart, G. Kaltsakas, H. Kerslake, M.M. Magtoto, P. Marino, L.M. Martinez, M. Ostermann, J. Rossdale, T.S. Solano, M. Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, E. Bevan, D. Griffin, J. Martin, J. Owen, S. Payne, A. Prabhu, A. Reed, W. Storrar, N. Williams, C. Wrey Brown, T. Burdett, J. Featherstone, C. Lawson, A. Layton, C. Mills, L. Stephenson, Y. Ellis, P. Atkin, K. Brindle, M.G. Crooks, K. Drury, N. Easom, R. Flockton, L. Holdsworth, A. Richards, D.L. Sykes, S. Thackray-Nocera, C. Wright, S. Coetzee, K. Davies, R. Hughes, R. Loosley, H. McGuinness, A. Mohamed, L. O'Brien, Z. Omar, E. Perkins, J. Phipps, G. Ross, A. Taylor, H. Tench, R. Wolf-Roberts, L. Burden, E. Calvelo, B. Card, C. Carr, E.R. Chilvers, D. Copeland, P. Cullinan, P. Daly, L. Evison, T. Fayzan, H. Gordon, S. Haq, R.G. Jenkins, C. King, O. Kon, K. March, M. Mariveles, L. McLeavey, N. Mohamed, S. Moriera, U. Munawar, J. Nunag, U. Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, A. Ross, M. Roy, E. Russell, K. Samuel, J. Schronce, N. Simpson, L. Tarusan, D.C. Thomas, C. Wood, N. Yasmin, D. Altmann, L.S. Howard, D. Johnston, A. Lingford-Hughes, W.D-C. Man, J. Mitchell, P.L. Molyneaux, C. Nicolaou, D.P. O'Regan, L. Price, J. Quint, D. Smith, R.S. Thwaites, J. Valabhji, S. Walsh, C.M. Efstathiou, F. Liew, A. Frankel, L. Lightstone, S. McAdoo, M. Wilkins, M. Willicombe, R. Touyz, A-M. Guerdette, M. Hewitt, R. Reddy, K. Warwick, S. White, A. McMahon, M. Malim, K. Bramham, M. Brown, K. Ismail, T. Nicholson, C. Pariante, C. Sharpe, S. Wessely, J. Whitney, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, H. Assefa-Kebede, J. Breeze, S. Byrne, P. Dulawan, A. Hoare, C.J. Jolley, A. Knighton, S. Patale, I. Peralta, N. Powell, A. Ramos, K. Shevket, F. Speranza, A. Te, A. Shah, A. Chiribiri, C. O'Brien, A. Hayday, A. Ashworth, P. Beirne, J. Clarke, C. Coupland, M. Dalton, C. Favager, J. Glossop, J. Greenwood, L. Hall, T. Hardy, A. Humphries, J. Murira, D. Peckham, S. Plein, J. Rangeley, G. Saalmink, A.L. Tan, E. Wade, B. Whittam, N. Window, J. Woods, G. Coakley, L. Turtle, L. Allerton, A.M. Allt, M. Beadsworth, A. Berridge, J. Brown, S. Cooper, A. Cross, S. Defres, S.L. Dobson, J. Earley, N. French, W. Greenhalf, K. Hainey, H.E. Hardwick, J. Hawkes, V. Highett, S. Kaprowska, A.L. Key, L. Lavelle-Langham, N. Lewis-Burke, G. Madzamba, F. Malein, S. Marsh, C. Mears, L. Melling, M.J. Noonan, L. Poll, J. Pratt, E. Richardson, A. Rowe, M.G. Semple, V. Shaw, K.A. Tripp, L.O. Wajero, S.A. Williams-Howard, D.G. Wootton, J. Wyles, S.N. Diwanji, S. Gurram, P. Papineni, S. Quaid, G.F. Tiongson, E. Watson, A. Briggs, M. Marks, C. Hastie, N. Rogers, N. Smith, D. Stensel, L. Bishop, K. McIvor, P. Rivera-Ortega, B. Al-Sheklly, C. Avram, J. Blaikely, M. Buch, N. Choudhury, D. Faluyi, T. Felton, T. Gorsuch, N.A. Hanley, A. Horsley, T. Hussell, Z. Kausar, N. Odell, R. Osbourne, K. Piper Hanley, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Stockdale, T. Kabir, J.T. Scott, P.J.M. Openshaw, I.D. Stewart, D. Burn, A. Ayoub, G. Burns, G. Davies, A. De Soyza, C. Echevarria, H. Fisher, C. Francis, A. Greenhalgh, P. Hogarth, J. Hughes, K. Jiwa, G. Jones, G. MacGowan, D. Price, A. Sayer, J. Simpson, H. Tedd, S. Thomas, S. West, M. Witham, S. Wright, A. Young, M.J. McMahon, P. Neill, D. Anderson, N. Basu, H. Bayes, A. Brown, A. Dougherty, K. Fallon, L. Gilmour, D. Grieve, K. Mangion, A. Morrow, R. Sykes, C. Berry, I.B. McInnes, K. Scott, F. Barrett, A. Donaldson, E.K. Sage, D. Bell, R. Hamil, K. Leitch, L. Macliver, M. Patel, J. Quigley, A. Smith, B. Welsh, G. Choudhury, S. Clohisey, A. Deans, A.B. Docherty, J. Furniss, E.M. Harrison, S. Kelly, A. Sheikh, J.D. Chalmers, D. Connell, C. Deas, A. Elliott, J. George, S. Mohammed, J. Rowland, A.R. Solstice, D. Sutherland, C.J. Tee, J. Bunker, R. Gill, R. Nathu, K. Holmes, H. Adamali, D. Arnold, S. Barratt, A. Dipper, S. Dunn, N. Maskell, A. Morley, L. Morrison, L. Stadon, S. Waterson, H. Welch, B. Jayaraman, T. Light, I. Vogiatzis, P. Almeida, C.E. Bolton, A. Hosseini, L. Matthews, R. Needham, K. Shaw, A.K. Thomas, J. Bonnington, M. Chrystal, C. Dupont, P.L. Greenhaff, A. Gupta, W. Jang, S. Linford, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, A. Burns, N. Kanellakis, V.M. Ferreira, C. Nikolaidou, C. Xie, M. Ainsworth, A. Alamoudi, A. Bloss, P. Carter, M. Cassar, J. Chen, F. Conneh, T. Dong, R.I. Evans, E. Fraser, J.R. Geddes, F. Gleeson, P. Harrison, M. Havinden-Williams, L.P. Ho, P. Jezzard, I. Koychev, P. Kurupati, H. McShane, C. Megson, S. Neubauer, D. Nicoll, G. Ogg, E. Pacpaco, M. Pavlides, Y. Peng, N. Petousi, J. Pimm, N.M. Rahman, B. Raman, M.J. Rowland, K. Saunders, M. Sharpe, N. Talbot, E.M. Tunnicliffe, A. Korszun, S. Kerr, R.E. Barker, D. Cristiano, N. Dormand, P. George, M. Gummadi, S. Kon, K. Liyanage, C.M. Nolan, B. Patel, S. Patel, O. Polgar, P. Shah, S. Singh, J.A. Walsh, M. Gibbons, S. Ahmad, S. Brill, J. Hurst, H. Jarvis, L. Lim, S. Mandal, D. Matila, O. Olaosebikan, C. Singh, C. Laing, H. Baxendale, L. Garner, C. Johnson, J. Mackie, A. Michael, J. Newman, J. Pack, K. Paques, H. Parfrey, J. Parmar, A. Reddy, M. Halling-Brown, P. Dark, N. Diar-Bakerly, D. Evans, E. Hardy, A. Harvey, D. Holgate, S. Knight, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, L. McMorrow, J. Oxton, J. Pendlebury, C. Summersgill, R. Ugwuoke, S. Whittaker, W. Matimba-Mupaya, S. Strong-Sheldrake, P. Chowienczyk, J. Bagshaw, M. Begum, K. Birchall, R. Butcher, H. Carborn, F. Chan, K. Chapman, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Clark, Z. Coburn, J. Cole, M. Dixon, A. Fairman, J. Finnigan, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, R. Gregory, K. Harrington, L. Haslam, L. Hesselden, J. Hockridge, A. Holbourn, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Howell, E. Hurditch, F. Ilyas, C. Jarman, A. Lawrie, J-H. Lee, E. Lee, R. Lenagh, A. Lye, I. Macharia, M. Marshall, A. Mbuyisa, J. McNeill, S. Megson, J. Meiring, L. Milner, S. Misra, H. Newell, T. Newman, C. Norman, L. Nwafor, D. Pattenadk, M. Plowright, J. Porter, P. Ravencroft, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, S.L. Rowland-Jones, P. Saunders, J. Sidebottom, J. Smith, L. Smith, N. Steele, G. Stephens, R. Stimpson, B. Thamu, A.A.R. Thompson, N. Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, P. Wade, J. Watson, I. Wilson, A. Zawia, L. Allsop, K. Bennett, P. Buckley, M. Flynn, M. Gill, C. Goodwin, M. Greatorex, H. Gregory, C. Heeley, L. Holloway, M. Holmes, J. Hutchinson, J. Kirk, W. Lovegrove, T.A. Sewell, S. Shelton, D. Sissons, K. Slack, S. Smith, D. Sowter, S. Turner, V. Whitworth, I. Wynter, J. Tomlinson, L. Warburton, S. Painter, S. Palmer, D. Redwood, J. Tilley, C. Vickers, T. Wainwright, G. Breen, M. Hotopf, R. Aul, D. Forton, M. Ali, A. Dunleavy, M. Mencias, N. Msimanga, T. Samakomva, S. Siddique, V. Tavoukjian, J. Teixeira, R. Ahmed, R. Francis, L. Connor, A. Cook, G.A. Davies, T. Rees, F. Thaivalappil, C. Thomas, M. McNarry, K.E. Lewis, M. Coulding, S. Kilroy, J. McCormick, J. McIntosh, V. Turner, J. Vere, A. Butt, H. Savill, S.S. Kon, G. Landers, H. Lota, S. Portukhay, M. Nasseri, A. Daniels, A. Hormis, J. Ingham, L. Zeidan, M. Chablani, L. Osborne, S. Aslani, A. Banerjee, R. Batterham, G. Baxter, R. Bell, A. David, E. Denneny, A.D. Hughes, W. Lilaonitkul, P. Mehta, A. Pakzad, B. Rangelov, B. Williams, J. Willoughby, M. Xu, N. Ahwireng, D. Bang, D. Basire, J.S. Brown, R.C. Chambers, A. Checkley, R. Evans, M. Heightman, T. Hillman, J. Jacob, R. Jastrub, M. Lipman, S. Logan, D. Lomas, M. Merida Morillas, H. Plant, J.C. Porter, K. Roy, E. Wall, T. Treibel, N. Ahmad Haider, C. Atkin, R. Baggott, M. Bates, A. Botkai, A. Casey, B. Cooper, J. Dasgin, C. Dawson, K. Draxlbauer, N. Gautam, J. Hazeldine, T. Hiwot, S. Holden, K. Isaacs, T. Jackson, V. Kamwa, D. Lewis, J.M. Lord, S. Madathil, C. McGhee, K. McGee, A. Neal, A. Newton-Cox, J. Nyaboko, D. Parekh, Z. Peterkin, H. Qureshi, L. Ratcliffe, E. Sapey, J. Short, T. Soulsby, J. Stockley, Z. Suleiman, T. Thompson, M. Ventura, S. Walder, C. Welch, D. Wilson, S. Yasmin, K.P. Yip, N. Chaudhuri, C. Childs, R. Djukanovic, S. Fletcher, M. Harvey, M.G. Jones, E. Marouzet, B. Marshall, R. Samuel, T. Sass, T. Wallis, H. Wheeler, R. Steeds, P. Beckett, C. Dickens, U. Nanda, M. Aljaroof, N. Armstrong, H. Arnold, H. Aung, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, M. Baldwin, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, C.E. Brightling, N. Brunskill, P. Cairns, L. Carr, A. Charalambou, C. Christie, M.J. Davies, E. Daynes, S. Diver, R. Dowling, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, O. Elneima, H. Evans, R.A. Evans, J. Finch, S. Finney, S. Glover, N. Goodman, B. Gooptu, N.J. Greening, K. Hadley, P. Haldar, B. Hargadon, V.C. Harris, L. Houchen-Wolloff, W. Ibrahim, L. Ingram, K. Khunti, A. Lea, D. Lee, H.J.C. McAuley, G.P. McCann, P. McCourt, T. McNally, G. Mills, W. Monteiro, M. Pareek, S. Parker, A. Prickett, I.N. Qureshi, A. Rowland, R. Russell, M. Sereno, A. Shikotra, S. Siddiqui, A. Singapuri, S.J. Singh, J. Skeemer, M. Soares, E. Stringer, S. Terry, T. Thornton, M. Tobin, T.J.C. Ward, F. Woodhead, T. Yates, A.J. Yousuf, B. Guillen Guiio, O.C. Leavy, L.V. Wain, M. Broome, P. McArdle, D. Thickett, R. Upthegrove, D. Wilkinson, P. Moss, D. Wraith, J. Evans, E. Bullmore, J.L. Heeney, C. Langenberg, W. Schwaeble, C. Summers, J. Weir McCall, D. Adeloye, D.E. Newby, R. Pius, I. Rudan, M. Shankar-Hari, C.L. Sudlow, M. Thorpe, S. Walmsley, B. Zheng, L. Allan, C. Ballard, A. McGovern, J. Dennis, J. Cavanagh, S. MacDonald, K. O'Donnell, J. Petrie, N. Sattar, M. Spears, E. Guthrie, M. Henderson, R.J. Allen, M. Bingham, T. Brugha, R. Free, D. Jones, L. Gardiner, A.J. Moss, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, P. Novotny, C. Overton, J.E. Pearl, T. Plekhanova, M. Richardson, N. Samani, J. Sargent, M. Sharma, M. Steiner, C. Taylor, C. Tong, E. Turner, J. Wormleighton, B. Zhao, K. Ntotsis, R.M. Saunders, D. Lozano-Rojas, D. Cuthbertson, G. Kemp, A. McArdle, B. Michael, W. Reynolds, L.G. Spencer, B. Vinson, M. Ashworth, K. Abel, H. Chinoy, B. Deakin, M. Harvie, C.A. Miller, S. Stanel, P. Barran, D. Trivedi, H. McAllister-Williams, S. Paddick, A. Rostron, J.P. Taylor, D. Baguley, C. Coleman, E. Cox, L. Fabbri, S. Francis, I. Hall, E. Hufton, S. Johnson, F. Khan, P. Kitterick, R. Morriss, N. Selby, L. Wright, C. Antoniades, A. Bates, M. Beggs, K. Bhui, K. Breeze, K.M. Channon, D. Clark, X. Fu, M. Husain, X. Li, E. Lukaschuk, C. McCracken, K. McGlynn, R. Menke, K. Motohashi, T.E. Nichols, G. Ogbole, S. Piechnik, I. Propescu, J. Propescu, A.A. Samat, Z.B. Sanders, L. Sigfrid, M. Webster, L. Kingham, P. Klenerman, H. Lamlum, G. Carson, M. Taquet, L. Finnigan, L.C. Saunders, J.M. Wild, P.C. Calder, N. Huneke, G. Simons, D. Baldwin, S. Bain, L. Daines, E. Bright, P. Crisp, R. Dharmagunawardena, M. Stern, L. Bailey, A. Reddington, A. Wight, A. Ashish, J. Cooper, E. Robinson, A. Broadley, L. Barman, C. Brookes, K. Elliott, L. Griffiths, Z. Guy, K. Howard, D. Ionita, H. Redfearn, C. Sarginson, and A. Turnbull
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Background The long-term outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisation in individuals with pre-existing airway diseases are unknown. Methods Adult participants hospitalised for confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 and discharged between 5 March 2020 and 31 March 2021 were recruited to the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. Participants attended research visits at 5 months and 1 year post discharge. Clinical characteristics, perceived recovery, burden of symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with pre-existing airway disease (i.e., asthma, COPD or bronchiectasis) were compared to the non-airways group. Results A total of 615 out of 2697 (22.8%) participants had a history of pre-existing airway diseases (72.0% diagnosed with asthma, 22.9% COPD and 5.1% bronchiectasis). At 1 year, the airways group participants were less likely to feel fully recovered (20.4% versus 33.2%, p
Published: 2024
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2. Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort studyResearch in context

Author: Hamish J.C. McAuley, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte E. Bolton, Christopher E. Brightling, James D. Chalmers, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ayushman Gupta, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Caroline J. Jolley, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, William D-C Man, Michael Marks, Dhruv Parekh, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Ai Lyn Tan, Louise V. Wain, Carly Welch, Julie Whitney, Miles D. Witham, Janet Lord, Neil J. Greening, K. Abel, H. Adamali, D. Adeloye, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, S. Ahmad, N. Ahmad Haider, R. Ahmed, N. Ahwireng, M. Ainsworth, B. Al-Sheklly, A. Alamoudi, M. Ali, M. Aljaroof, A.M. All, L. Allan, R.J. Allen, L. Allerton, L. Allsop, P. Almeida, D. Altmann, M. Alvarez Corral, S. Amoils, D. Anderson, C. Antoniades, G. Arbane, A. Arias, C. Armour, L. Armstrong, N. Armstrong, D. Arnold, H. Arnold, A. Ashish, A. Ashworth, M. Ashworth, S. Aslani, H. Assefa-Kebede, C. Atkin, P. Atkin, R. Aul, H. Aung, L. Austin, C. Avram, A. Ayoub, M. Babores, R. Baggott, J. Bagshaw, D. Baguley, L. Bailey, J.K. Baillie, S. Bain, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, D. Baldwin, M. Baldwin, C. Ballard, A. Banerjee, B. Bang, R.E. Barker, L. Barman, S. Barratt, F. Barrett, D. Basire, N. Basu, M. Bates, A. Bates, R. Batterham, H. Baxendale, H. Bayes, M. Beadsworth, P. Beckett, M. Beggs, M. Begum, P. Beirne, D. Bell, R. Bell, K. Bennett, E. Beranova, A. Bermperi, A. Berridge, C. Berry, S. Betts, E. Bevan, K. Bhui, M. Bingham, K. Birchall, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, J. Blaikely, A. Bloss, A. Bolger, C.E. Bolton, J. Bonnington, A. Botkai, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, K. Bramham, L. Brear, G. Breen, J. Breeze, A. Briggs, E. Bright, C.E. Brightling, S. Brill, K. Brindle, L. Broad, A. Broadley, C. Brookes, M. Broome, A. Brown, J. Brown, J.S. Brown, M. Brown, V. Brown, T. Brugha, N. Brunskill, M. Buch, P. Buckley, A. Bularga, E. Bullmore, L. Burden, T. Burdett, D. Burn, G. Burns, A. Burns, J. Busby, R. Butcher, A. Butt, S. Byrne, P. Cairns, P.C. Calder, E. Calvelo, H. Carborn, B. Card, C. Carr, L. Carr, G. Carson, P. Carter, A. Casey, M. Cassar, J. Cavanagh, M. Chablani, T. Chalder, J.D. Chalmers, R.C. Chambers, F. Chan, K.M. Channon, K. Chapman, A. Charalambou, N. Chaudhuri, A. Checkley, J. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Childs, E.R. Chilvers, H. Chinoy, A. Chiribiri, K. Chong-James, G. Choudhury, N. Choudhury, P. Chowienczyk, C. Christie, M. Chrystal, D. Clark, C. Clark, J. Clarke, S. Clohisey, G. Coakley, Z. Coburn, S. Coetzee, J. Cole, C. Coleman, F. Conneh, D. Connell, B. Connolly, L. Connor, A. Cook, B. Cooper, J. Cooper, S. Cooper, D. Copeland, T. Cosier, M. Coulding, C. Coupland, E. Cox, T. Craig, P. Crisp, D. Cristiano, M.G. Crooks, A. Cross, I. Cruz, P. Cullinan, D. Cuthbertson, L. Daines, M. Dalton, P. Daly, A. Daniels, P. Dark, J. Dasgin, A. David, C. David, E. Davies, F. Davies, G. Davies, G.A. Davies, K. Davies, M.J. Davies, J. Dawson, E. Daynes, A. De Soyza, B. Deakin, A. Deans, C. Deas, J. Deery, S. Defres, A. Dell, K. Dempsey, E. Denneny, J. Dennis, A. Dewar, R. Dharmagunawardena, N. Diar-Bakerly, C. Dickens, A. Dipper, S. Diver, S.N. Diwanji, M. Dixon, R. Djukanovic, H. Dobson, S.L. Dobson, A.B. Docherty, A. Donaldson, T. Dong, N. Dormand, A. Dougherty, R. Dowling, S. Drain, K. Draxlbauer, K. Drury, H.J.C. Drury, P. Dulawan, A. Dunleavy, S. Dunn, C. Dupont, J. Earley, N. Easom, C. Echevarria, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, H. El-Taweel, A. Elliott, K. Elliott, Y. Ellis, A. Elmer, O. Elneima, D. Evans, H. Evans, J. Evans, R. Evans, R.A. Evans, R.I. Evans, T. Evans, C. Evenden, L. Evison, L. Fabbri, S. Fairbairn, A. Fairman, K. Fallon, D. Faluyi, C. Favager, T. Fayzan, J. Featherstone, T. Felton, J. Finch, S. Finney, J. Finnigan, L. Finnigan, H. Fisher, S. Fletcher, R. Flockton, M. Flynn, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, D. Forton, E. Fraile, C. Francis, R. Francis, S. Francis, A. Frankel, E. Fraser, R. Free, N. French, X. Fu, J. Fuld, J. Furniss, L. Garner, N. Gautam, J.R. Geddes, J. George, P. George, M. Gibbons, M. Gill, L. Gilmour, F. Gleeson, J. Glossop, S. Glover, N. Goodman, C. Goodwin, B. Gooptu, H. Gordon, T. Gorsuch, M. Greatorex, P.L. Greenhaff, W. Greenhalf, A. Greenhalgh, N.J. Greening, J. Greenwood, H. Gregory, R. Gregory, D. Grieve, D. Griffin, L. Griffiths, A.-M. Guerdette, B. Guillen Guio, M. Gummadi, A. Gupta, S. Gurram, E. Guthrie, Z. Guy, H.H. Henson, K. Hadley, A. Haggar, K. Hainey, B. Hairsine, P. Haldar, I. Hall, L. Hall, M. Halling-Brown, R. Hamil, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, N.A. Hanley, S. Haq, H.E. Hardwick, E. Hardy, T. Hardy, B. Hargadon, K. Harrington, E. Harris, V.C. Harris, E.M. Harrison, P. Harrison, N. Hart, A. Harvey, M. Harvey, M. Harvie, L. Haslam, M. Havinden-Williams, J. Hawkes, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, A. Hayday, M. Haynes, J. Hazeldine, T. Hazelton, L.G. Heaney, C. Heeley, J.L. Heeney, M. Heightman, S. Heller, M. Henderson, L. Hesselden, M. Hewitt, V. Highett, T. Hillman, T. Hiwot, L.P. Ho, A. Hoare, M. Hoare, J. Hockridge, P. Hogarth, A. Holbourn, S. Holden, L. Holdsworth, D. Holgate, M. Holland, L. Holloway, K. Holmes, M. Holmes, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Hormis, A. Horsley, A. Hosseini, M. Hotopf, L. Houchen-Wolloff, K. Howard, L.S. Howard, A. Howell, E. Hufton, A.D. Hughes, J. Hughes, R. Hughes, A. Humphries, N. Huneke, E. Hurditch, J. Hurst, M. Husain, T. Hussell, J. Hutchinson, W. Ibrahim, F. Ilyas, J. Ingham, L. Ingram, D. Ionita, K. Isaacs, K. Ismail, T. Jackson, J. Jacob, W.Y. James, W. Jang, C. Jarman, I. Jarrold, H. Jarvis, R. Jastrub, B. Jayaraman, R.G. Jenkins, P. Jezzard, K. Jiwa, C. Johnson, S. Johnson, D. Johnston, C.J. Jolley, D. Jones, G. Jones, H. Jones, I. Jones, L. Jones, M.G. Jones, S. Jones, S. Jose, T. Kabir, G. Kaltsakas, V. Kamwa, N. Kanellakis, S. Kaprowska, Z. Kausar, N. Keenan, S. Kelly, G. Kemp, S. Kerr, H. Kerslake, A.L. Key, F. Khan, K. Khunti, S. Kilroy, B. King, C. King, L. Kingham, J. Kirk, P. Kitterick, P. Klenerman, L. Knibbs, S. Knight, A. Knighton, O. Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W. D-C Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, G. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, J. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O’Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, A. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. Shankar-Hari, M. Sharma, C. Sharpe, M. Sharpe, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, K. Shaw, V. Shaw, A. Sheikh, S. Shelton, L. Shenton, K. Shevket, A. Shikotra, J. Short, S. Siddique, S. Siddiqui, J. Sidebottom, L. Sigfrid, G. Simons, J. Simpson, N. Simpson, A. Singapuri, C. Singh, S. Singh, S.J. Singh, D. Sissons, J. Skeemer, K. Slack, A. Smith, D. Smith, S. Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Soares, T.S. Solano, R. Solly, A.R. Solstice, T. Soulsby, D. Southern, D. Sowter, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, F. Speranza, L. Stadon, S. Stanel, N. Steele, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, G. Stephens, L. Stephenson, M. Stern, I. Stewart, R. Stimpson, S. Stockdale, J. Stockley, W. Stoker, R. Stone, W. Storrar, A. Storrie, K. Storton, E. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, N. Stroud, C. Subbe, C.L. Sudlow, Z. Suleiman, C. Summers, C. Summersgill, D. Sutherland, D.L. Sykes, R. Sykes, N. Talbot, A.L. Tan, L. Tarusan, V. Tavoukjian, A. Taylor, C. Taylor, J. Taylor, A. Te, H. Tedd, C.J. Tee, J. Teixeira, H. Tench, S. Terry, S. Thackray-Nocera, F. Thaivalappil, B. Thamu, D. Thickett, C. Thomas, D.C. Thomas, S. Thomas, A.K. Thomas, T. Thomas-Woods, T. Thompson, A.A.R. Thompson, T. Thornton, M. Thorpe, R.S. Thwaites, J. Tilley, N. Tinker, G.F. Tiongson, M. Tobin, J. Tomlinson, C. Tong, M. Toshner, R. Touyz, K.A. Tripp, E. Tunnicliffe, A. Turnbull, E. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, K. Turner, S. Turney, L. Turtle, H. Turton, J. Ugoji, R. Ugwuoke, R. Upthegrove, J. Valabhji, M. Ventura, J. Vere, C. Vickers, B. Vinson, E. Wade, P. Wade, L.V. Wain, T. Wainwright, L.O. Wajero, S. Walder, S. Walker, E. Wall, T. Wallis, S. Walmsley, J.A. Walsh, S. Walsh, L. Warburton, T.J.C. Ward, K. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Waterson, E. Watson, L. Watson, J. Watson, J. Weir McCall, C. Welch, H. Welch, B. Welsh, S. Wessely, S. West, H. Weston, H. Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, and O. Zongo
Subjects: COVID-19, Physical frailty, Long-COVID, Fried's frailty phenotype, Hospitalisation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group—robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)—at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. Findings: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. Interpretation: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although two-thirds of the population remained pre-frail or frail. This suggests comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting pre-frailty and frailty beyond the initial illness are required. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
Published: 2023
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3. Production of platelet-rich plasma gel from elderly patients under antithrombotic drugs: Perspectives in chronic wounds care

Author: M. Velier, J. Magalon, A. Daumas, M. Cassar, P. Francois, A. Ghazouane, C. Philandrianos, B. Bertrand, C. Frere, D. Bernot, P. Villani, F. Dignat George, and F Sabatier
Subjects: antithrombotic drugs, chronic wounds, elderly patients, platelet-rich plasma, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous biological therapy obtained by centrifuging the patient’s own blood to concentrate platelets. The addition of autologous thrombin and calcium chloride to PRP allows the production of a semi-solid form called PRP gel. PRP gel is increasingly used in a variety of tissue defects and predominantly in the management of non-healing chronic wounds. The topical application of PRP gel seems promising due to the capability of platelets to store and secrete growth factors (GF), fibrin and cytokines, which are essentials for wound healing. Most patients who suffered from chronic wounds are elderly patients with co-morbidities and polypharmacy including antithrombotic drugs such as antiplatelet agents (AP) or anticoagulants (AC), which could hamper the feasibility of this autologous platelet-derived therapy. To date, no study has investigated PRP gel formation in patients with AP or AC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of AP or AC drugs on the production of PRP gel formation from elderly patients. Different biological characteristics were determined to qualify the production of PRP gel from such patients (Interquartile range (IQR) = 75–92 years) compared to healthy volunteers (IQR = 23–37 years). No significant difference was observed in the volume, composition (quantity of platelets, leukocytes and red blood cells) and functionality of platelets from PRP except a higher ADP-induced P-selectin expression in healthy donors compared with elderly patients. Autologous thrombin characteristics were similar in the two groups. Gel time formation (IQR: 120–195 seconds for controls and 135–210 seconds for elderly patients) and final composition of PRP gel were not significantly modified. Concentrations of theoretical thrombin generated in the serum and in the gel were inversely correlated with the time of formation of PRP gel (r2 = 0.57, p = 0.012). Altogether these data indicate that PRP gel preparation is not impacted by the use of antithrombotic drugs. Such results support the feasibility of using this innovative autologous biotherapy in the management of elderly patients with non-healing chronic wounds.
Published: 2018
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4. European Union Digital Education Quality Standard Framework and Companion Evaluation Toolkit

Author: C. J. MacDonald, I. Backhaus, E. Vanezi, A. Yeratziotis, D. Clendinneng, L. Seriola, S. Häkkinen, M. Cassar, C. Mettouris, and G. A. Papadopoulos
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic positioned digital education in a new light. The need for educational institutions to develop strategies, standards and establish quality assurance across digital education became even more evident. This paper describes the four-step process of designing an interactive "European Union (EU) Digital Education Quality Standard Framework and Companion Evaluation Toolkit" to guide the design, delivery and evaluation of effective digital education. (1) A review of literature of existing digital education frameworks and models is presented. (2) Variables and sub-variables inherent in designing, delivering and evaluating effective digital education are identified. (3) Next the variables and sub-variables in the framework are defined. (4) The process of designing the interactive framework diagram is described with the companion evaluation toolkit outlined. The proposed framework is flexible and applicable to entities and audiences regardless of where they are in the online learning adoption process.
Published: 2024
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5. European Union Digital education framework: A quality standard to guide the design of healthcare apps

Author: D Clendinneng, A Yeratziotis, E Vanezi, T Costa, L Muscat, M Cassar, L Filomeno, CJ MacDonald, C Mettouris, GA Papadopoulos, and G La Torre
Subjects: digital framework, collaborative teamwork, continuing professional development, healthcare educational apps, international collaboration, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract: Digital Education Initiatives and Timely Solutions (DIG-IT) is an Erasmus+ project collaboration between university academics, clinical educators, industry partners, healthcare professionals, and technology experts over 5 European Union (EU) states. The objectives are to create digital educational capacity for academic faculty and mobile learning opportunities for continuing professional healthcare education. The first deliverable of this project was the innovative European Union Digital Education Quality Standards Framework and Toolkit or EU-DEF. This framework can be used to consider all principle and secondary aspects when designing, delivering, and evaluating digital education resources. In this article we explore the framework efficacy in collaboratively developing two open access, mobile healthcare apps, ECG Interpretation for Nurses and Nurse Leadership and Management. We describe the teamwork needed and steps taken during this process, and demonstrate the adaptability, usability, and value of this tool for other online development projects. The EU-DEF is an evidence-based, comprehensive framework that can be used as a starting point for individuals or teams when developing digital educational projects. Considering all variables helps focus the expertise required to produce robust end-products.
Published: 2022
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6. Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study

Author: Hamish J.C. McAuley, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte E. Bolton, Christopher E. Brightling, James D. Chalmers, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ayushman Gupta, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Caroline J. Jolley, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, William D-C Man, Michael Marks, Dhruv Parekh, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Ai Lyn Tan, Louise V. Wain, Carly Welch, Julie Whitney, Miles D. Witham, Janet Lord, Neil J. Greening, K. Abel, H. Adamali, D. Adeloye, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, S. Ahmad, N. Ahmad Haider, R. Ahmed, N. Ahwireng, M. Ainsworth, B. Al-Sheklly, A. Alamoudi, M. Ali, M. Aljaroof, A.M. All, L. Allan, R.J. Allen, L. Allerton, L. Allsop, P. Almeida, D. Altmann, M. Alvarez Corral, S. Amoils, D. Anderson, C. Antoniades, G. Arbane, A. Arias, C. Armour, L. Armstrong, N. Armstrong, D. Arnold, H. Arnold, A. Ashish, A. Ashworth, M. Ashworth, S. Aslani, H. Assefa-Kebede, C. Atkin, P. Atkin, R. Aul, H. Aung, L. Austin, C. Avram, A. Ayoub, M. Babores, R. Baggott, J. Bagshaw, D. Baguley, L. Bailey, J.K. Baillie, S. Bain, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, D. Baldwin, M. Baldwin, C. Ballard, A. Banerjee, B. Bang, R.E. Barker, L. Barman, S. Barratt, F. Barrett, D. Basire, N. Basu, M. Bates, A. Bates, R. Batterham, H. Baxendale, H. Bayes, M. Beadsworth, P. Beckett, M. Beggs, M. Begum, P. Beirne, D. Bell, R. Bell, K. Bennett, E. Beranova, A. Bermperi, A. Berridge, C. Berry, S. Betts, E. Bevan, K. Bhui, M. Bingham, K. Birchall, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, J. Blaikely, A. Bloss, A. Bolger, C.E. Bolton, J. Bonnington, A. Botkai, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, K. Bramham, L. Brear, G. Breen, J. Breeze, A. Briggs, E. Bright, C.E. Brightling, S. Brill, K. Brindle, L. Broad, A. Broadley, C. Brookes, M. Broome, A. Brown, J. Brown, J.S. Brown, M. Brown, V. Brown, T. Brugha, N. Brunskill, M. Buch, P. Buckley, A. Bularga, E. Bullmore, L. Burden, T. Burdett, D. Burn, G. Burns, A. Burns, J. Busby, R. Butcher, A. Butt, S. Byrne, P. Cairns, P.C. Calder, E. Calvelo, H. Carborn, B. Card, C. Carr, L. Carr, G. Carson, P. Carter, A. Casey, M. Cassar, J. Cavanagh, M. Chablani, T. Chalder, J.D. Chalmers, R.C. Chambers, F. Chan, K.M. Channon, K. Chapman, A. Charalambou, N. Chaudhuri, A. Checkley, J. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Childs, E.R. Chilvers, H. Chinoy, A. Chiribiri, K. Chong-James, G. Choudhury, N. Choudhury, P. Chowienczyk, C. Christie, M. Chrystal, D. Clark, C. Clark, J. Clarke, S. Clohisey, G. Coakley, Z. Coburn, S. Coetzee, J. Cole, C. Coleman, F. Conneh, D. Connell, B. Connolly, L. Connor, A. Cook, B. Cooper, J. Cooper, S. Cooper, D. Copeland, T. Cosier, M. Coulding, C. Coupland, E. Cox, T. Craig, P. Crisp, D. Cristiano, M.G. Crooks, A. Cross, I. Cruz, P. Cullinan, D. Cuthbertson, L. Daines, M. Dalton, P. Daly, A. Daniels, P. Dark, J. 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Kerr, H. Kerslake, A.L. Key, F. Khan, K. Khunti, S. Kilroy, B. King, C. King, L. Kingham, J. Kirk, P. Kitterick, P. Klenerman, L. Knibbs, S. Knight, A. Knighton, O. Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W. D-C Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, G. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, J. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O’Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, A. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. Shankar-Hari, M. Sharma, C. Sharpe, M. Sharpe, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, K. Shaw, V. Shaw, A. Sheikh, S. Shelton, L. Shenton, K. Shevket, A. Shikotra, J. Short, S. Siddique, S. Siddiqui, J. Sidebottom, L. Sigfrid, G. Simons, J. Simpson, N. Simpson, A. Singapuri, C. Singh, S. Singh, S.J. Singh, D. Sissons, J. Skeemer, K. Slack, A. Smith, D. Smith, S. Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Soares, T.S. Solano, R. Solly, A.R. Solstice, T. Soulsby, D. Southern, D. Sowter, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, F. Speranza, L. Stadon, S. Stanel, N. Steele, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, G. Stephens, L. Stephenson, M. Stern, I. Stewart, R. Stimpson, S. Stockdale, J. Stockley, W. Stoker, R. Stone, W. Storrar, A. Storrie, K. Storton, E. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, N. Stroud, C. Subbe, C.L. Sudlow, Z. Suleiman, C. Summers, C. 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Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, O. Zongo, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group, Group, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Medicine(all), Fried's frailty phenotype, Hospitalisation, COVID-19, General Medicine, Long-COVID, Physical frailty
Abstract: Data sharing statement: The protocol, consent form, definition and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online at https://www.phosp.org/ Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group—robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)—at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. Findings: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. Interpretation: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although two-thirds of the population remained pre-frail or frail. This suggests comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting pre-frailty and frailty beyond the initial illness are required. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research. The study was funded with grants from UK Research and Innovation (MR/V027859/1) and The National Institute of Health Research (COV0319). This study would not be possible without all the participants who have given their time and support. We thank all the participants and their families. We thank the many research administrators, health-care and social-care professionals who contributed to setting up and delivering the study at all of the 40 NHS trusts and 25 research institutions across the UK, as well as all the supporting staff at the NIHR Clinical Research Network, Health Research Authority, Research Ethics Committee, Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health Scotland, and Public Health England, and support from the ISARIC Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of the eDRIS Team (Public Health Scotland) for their involvement in obtaining approvals, provisioning and linking data and the use of the secure analytical platform within the National Safe Haven.
Published: 2023

7. Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author: Callum Jackson, Iain D Stewart, Tatiana Plekhanova, Peter S Cunningham, Andrew L Hazel, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Raminder Aul, Charlotte E Bolton, Trudie Chalder, James D Chalmers, Nazia Chaudhuri, Annemarie B Docherty, Gavin Donaldson, Charlotte L Edwardson, Omer Elneima, Neil J Greening, Neil A Hanley, Victoria C Harris, Ewen M Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Luke S Howard, Caroline J Jolley, Mark G Jones, Olivia C Leavy, Keir E Lewis, Nazir I Lone, Michael Marks, Hamish J C McAuley, Melitta A McNarry, Brijesh V Patel, Karen Piper-Hanley, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Alex V Rowlands, Ruth M Saunders, Janet T Scott, Marco Sereno, Ajay M Shah, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Stefan C Stanel, Mathew Thorpe, Daniel G Wootton, Thomas Yates, R Gisli Jenkins, Sally J Singh, William D-C Man, Christopher E Brightling, Louise V Wain, Joanna C Porter, A A Roger Thompson, Alex Horsley, Philip L Molyneaux, Rachael A Evans, Samuel E Jones, Martin K Rutter, John F Blaikley, C Jackson, I D Stewart, T Plekhanova, P S Cunningham, A L Hazel, B Al-Sheklly, R Aul, C E Bolton, T Chalder, J D Chalmers, N Chaudhuri, A B Docherty, G Donaldson, C L Edwardson, O Elneima, N J Greening, N A Hanley, V C Harris, E M Harrison, L-P Ho, L Houchen-Wolloff, L S Howard, C J Jolley, M G Jones, O C Leavy, K E Lewis, N I Lone, M Marks, H J C McAuley, M A McNarry, B Patel, K Piper-Hanley, K Poinasamy, B Raman, M Richardson, P Rivera-Ortega, S L Rowland-Jones, A V Rowlands, R M Saunders, J T Scott, M Sereno, A M Shah, A Shikotra, A Singapuri, S C Stanel, M Thorpe, D G Wootton, T Yates, G Jenkins, S J Singh, W D-C Man, C E Brightling, L V Wain, J C Porter, R Thompson, A Horsley, P L Molyneaux, R A Evans, S E Jones, M K Rutter, J F Blaikley, K Abel, H Adamali, D Adeloye, O Adeyemi, R Adrego, L A Aguilar Jimenez, S Ahmad, N Ahmad Haider, R Ahmed, N Ahwireng, M Ainsworth, A Alamoudi, M Ali, M Aljaroof, AM All, L Allan, R J Allen, L Allerton, L Allsop, P Almeida, D Altmann, M Alvarez Corral, S Amoils, D Anderson, C Antoniades, G Arbane, A Arias, C Armour, L Armstrong, N Armstrong, D Arnold, H Arnold, A Ashish, A Ashworth, M Ashworth, S Aslani, H Assefa-Kebede, C Atkin, P Atkin, H Aung, L Austin, C Avram, A Ayoub, M Babores, R Baggott, J Bagshaw, D Baguley, L Bailey, J K Baillie, S Bain, M Bakali, M Bakau, E Baldry, D Baldwin, M Baldwin, C Ballard, A Banerjee, B Bang, R E Barker, L Barman, S Barratt, F Barrett, D Basire, N Basu, M Bates, A Bates, R Batterham, H Baxendale, H Bayes, M Beadsworth, P Beckett, M Beggs, M Begum, P Beirne, D Bell, R Bell, K Bennett, E Beranova, A Bermperi, A Berridge, C Berry, S Betts, E Bevan, K Bhui, M Bingham, K Birchall, L Bishop, K Bisnauthsing, J Blaikely, A Bloss, A Bolger, J Bonnington, A Botkai, C Bourne, M Bourne, K Bramham, L Brear, G Breen, J Breeze, A Briggs, E Bright, S Brill, K Brindle, L Broad, A Broadley, C Brookes, M Broome, A Brown, J Brown, J S Brown, M 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E Hurditch, J Hurst, M Husain, T Hussell, J Hutchinson, W Ibrahim, F Ilyas, J Ingham, L Ingram, D Ionita, K Isaacs, K Ismail, T Jackson, J Jacob, W Y James, W Jang, C Jarman, I Jarrold, H Jarvis, R Jastrub, B Jayaraman, R G Jenkins, P Jezzard, K Jiwa, C Johnson, S Johnson, D Johnston, D Jones, G Jones, H Jones, I Jones, L Jones, S Jones, S Jose, T Kabir, G Kaltsakas, V Kamwa, N Kanellakis, S Kaprowska, Z Kausar, N Keenan, S Kelly, G Kemp, S Kerr, H Kerslake, A L Key, F Khan, K Khunti, S Kilroy, B King, C King, L Kingham, J Kirk, P Kitterick, P Klenerman, L Knibbs, S Knight, A Knighton, O Kon, S Kon, S S Kon, S Koprowska, A Korszun, I Koychev, C Kurasz, P Kurupati, C Laing, H Lamlum, G Landers, C Langenberg, D Lasserson, L Lavelle-Langham, A Lawrie, C Lawson, A Layton, A Lea, D Lee, J-H Lee, E Lee, K Leitch, R Lenagh, D Lewis, J Lewis, V Lewis, N Lewis-Burke, X Li, T Light, L Lightstone, W Lilaonitkul, L Lim, S Linford, A Lingford-Hughes, M Lipman, K Liyanage, A Lloyd, S Logan, D Lomas, R Loosley, J M Lord, H Lota, W Lovegrove, A Lucey, E Lukaschuk, A Lye, C Lynch, S MacDonald, G MacGowan, I Macharia, J Mackie, L Macliver, S Madathil, G Madzamba, N Magee, M M Magtoto, N Mairs, N Majeed, E Major, F Malein, M Malim, G Mallison, S Mandal, K Mangion, C Manisty, R Manley, K March, S Marciniak, P Marino, M Mariveles, E Marouzet, S Marsh, B Marshall, M Marshall, J Martin, A Martineau, L M Martinez, N Maskell, D Matila, W Matimba-Mupaya, L Matthews, A Mbuyisa, S McAdoo, H McAllister-Williams, A McArdle, P McArdle, D McAulay, G P McCann, J McCormick, W McCormick, P McCourt, L McGarvey, C McGhee, K Mcgee, J McGinness, K McGlynn, A McGovern, H McGuinness, I B McInnes, J McIntosh, E McIvor, K McIvor, L McLeavey, A McMahon, M J McMahon, L McMorrow, T Mcnally, M McNarry, J McNeill, A McQueen, H McShane, C Mears, C Megson, S Megson, P Mehta, J Meiring, L Melling, M Mencias, D Menzies, M Merida Morillas, A Michael, C Miller, L Milligan, C Mills, G Mills, N L Mills, L Milner, S Misra, J Mitchell, A Mohamed, N Mohamed, S Mohammed, W Monteiro, S Moriera, A Morley, L Morrison, R Morriss, A Morrow, A J Moss, P Moss, K Motohashi, N Msimanga, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, U Munawar, J Murira, U Nanda, H Nassa, M Nasseri, A Neal, R Needham, P Neill, S Neubauer, D E Newby, H Newell, T Newman, J Newman, A Newton-Cox, T Nicholson, D Nicoll, A Nikolaidis, C M Nolan, M J Noonan, C Norman, P Novotny, J Nunag, L Nwafor, U Nwanguma, J Nyaboko, C O'Brien, K O'Donnell, D O'Regan, L O'Brien, N Odell, G Ogg, O Olaosebikan, C Oliver, Z Omar, P J M Openshaw, L Orriss-Dib, L Osborne, R Osbourne, M Ostermann, C Overton, J Owen, J Oxton, J Pack, E Pacpaco, S Paddick, S Painter, A Pakzad, S Palmer, P Papineni, K Paques, K Paradowski, M Pareek, D Parekh, H Parfrey, C Pariante, S Parker, M Parkes, J Parmar, S Patale, M Patel, S Patel, D Pattenadk, M Pavlides, S Payne, L Pearce, J E Pearl, D Peckham, J Pendlebury, Y Peng, C Pennington, I Peralta, E Perkins, Z Peterkin, T Peto, N Petousi, J Petrie, P Pfeffer, J Phipps, J Pimm, R Pius, H Plant, S Plein, M Plowright, O Polgar, L Poll, J Porter, S Portukhay, N Powell, A Prabhu, J Pratt, A Price, C Price, D Price, L Price, A Prickett, J Propescu, S Prosper, S Pugmire, S Quaid, J Quigley, J Quint, H Qureshi, I N Qureshi, K Radhakrishnan, N M Rahman, M Ralser, A Ramos, H Ramos, J Rangeley, B Rangelov, L Ratcliffe, P Ravencroft, A Reddington, R Reddy, A Reddy, H Redfearn, D Redwood, A Reed, M Rees, T Rees, K Regan, W Reynolds, C Ribeiro, A Richards, E Richardson, K Roberts, E Robertson, E Robinson, L Robinson, L Roche, C Roddis, J Rodger, A Ross, G Ross, J Rossdale, A Rostron, A Rowe, A Rowland, J Rowland, M J Rowland, K Roy, M Roy, I Rudan, R Russell, E Russell, G Saalmink, R Sabit, E K Sage, T Samakomva, N Samani, C Sampson, K Samuel, R Samuel, A Sanderson, E Sapey, D Saralaya, J Sargent, C Sarginson, T Sass, N Sattar, K Saunders, P Saunders, L C Saunders, H Savill, W Saxon, A Sayer, J Schronce, W Schwaeble, K Scott, N Selby, M G 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Thomas-Woods, T Thompson, A A R Thompson, T Thornton, R S Thwaites, J Tilley, N Tinker, G F Tiongson, M Tobin, J Tomlinson, C Tong, M Toshner, R Touyz, K A Tripp, E Tunnicliffe, A Turnbull, E Turner, S Turner, V Turner, K Turner, S Turney, L Turtle, H Turton, J Ugoji, R Ugwuoke, R Upthegrove, J Valabhji, M Ventura, J Vere, C Vickers, B Vinson, E Wade, P Wade, T Wainwright, L O Wajero, S Walder, S Walker, E Wall, T Wallis, S Walmsley, J A Walsh, S Walsh, L Warburton, T J C Ward, K Warwick, H Wassall, S Waterson, E Watson, L Watson, J Watson, J Weir McCall, C Welch, H Welch, B Welsh, S Wessely, S West, H Weston, H Wheeler, S White, V Whitehead, J Whitney, S Whittaker, B Whittam, V Whitworth, A Wight, J M Wild, M Wilkins, D Wilkinson, B Williams, N Williams, J Williams, S A Williams-Howard, M Willicombe, G Willis, J Willoughby, A Wilson, D Wilson, I Wilson, N Window, M Witham, R Wolf-Roberts, C Wood, F Woodhead, J Woods, J Wormleighton, J Worsley, D Wraith, C Wrey Brown, C Wright, L Wright, S Wright, J Wyles, I Wynter, M Xu, N Yasmin, S Yasmin, K P Yip, B Young, S Young, A Young, A J Yousuf, A Zawia, L Zeidan, B Zhao, B Zheng, O Zongo, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group, and Group, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group
Abstract: Data sharing: The PHOSP-COVID study protocol, consent form, definition, and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online. UK Biobank information can be released once necessary approvals have been obtained. Other data (eg, the R code and protocol) will be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: Sleep disturbance is common following hospital admission both for COVID-19 and other causes. The clinical associations of this for recovery after hospital admission are poorly understood despite sleep disturbance contributing to morbidity in other scenarios. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and nature of sleep disturbance after discharge following hospital admission for COVID-19 and to assess whether this was associated with dyspnoea. Methods: CircCOVID was a prospective multicentre cohort substudy designed to investigate the effects of circadian disruption and sleep disturbance on recovery after COVID-19 in a cohort of participants aged 18 years or older, admitted to hospital for COVID-19 in the UK, and discharged between March, 2020, and October, 2021. Participants were recruited from the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID). Follow-up data were collected at two timepoints: an early time point 2–7 months after hospital discharge and a later time point 10–14 months after hospital discharge. Sleep quality was assessed subjectively using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and a numerical rating scale. Sleep quality was also assessed with an accelerometer worn on the wrist (actigraphy) for 14 days. Participants were also clinically phenotyped, including assessment of symptoms (ie, anxiety [Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale questionnaire], muscle function [SARC-F questionnaire], dyspnoea [Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire] and measurement of lung function), at the early timepoint after discharge. Actigraphy results were also compared to a matched UK Biobank cohort (non-hospitalised individuals and recently hospitalised individuals). Multivariable linear regression was used to define associations of sleep disturbance with the primary outcome of breathlessness and the other clinical symptoms. PHOSP-COVID is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107). Findings: 2320 of 2468 participants in the PHOSP-COVID study attended an early timepoint research visit a median of 5 months (IQR 4–6) following discharge from 83 hospitals in the UK. Data for sleep quality were assessed by subjective measures (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the numerical rating scale) for 638 participants at the early time point. Sleep quality was also assessed using device-based measures (actigraphy) a median of 7 months (IQR 5–8 months) after discharge from hospital for 729 participants. After discharge from hospital, the majority (396 [62%] of 638) of participants who had been admitted to hospital for COVID-19 reported poor sleep quality in response to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. A comparable proportion (338 [53%] of 638) of participants felt their sleep quality had deteriorated following discharge after COVID-19 admission, as assessed by the numerical rating scale. Device-based measurements were compared to an age-matched, sex-matched, BMI-matched, and time from discharge-matched UK Biobank cohort who had recently been admitted to hospital. Compared to the recently hospitalised matched UK Biobank cohort, participants in our study slept on average 65 min (95% CI 59 to 71) longer, had a lower sleep regularity index (–19%; 95% CI –20 to –16), and a lower sleep efficiency (3·83 percentage points; 95% CI 3·40 to 4·26). Similar results were obtained when comparisons were made with the non-hospitalised UK Biobank cohort. Overall sleep quality (unadjusted effect estimate 3·94; 95% CI 2·78 to 5·10), deterioration in sleep quality following hospital admission (3·00; 1·82 to 4·28), and sleep regularity (4·38; 2·10 to 6·65) were associated with higher dyspnoea scores. Poor sleep quality, deterioration in sleep quality, and sleep regularity were also associated with impaired lung function, as assessed by forced vital capacity. Depending on the sleep metric, anxiety mediated 18–39% of the effect of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea, while muscle weakness mediated 27–41% of this effect. Interpretation: Sleep disturbance following hospital admission for COVID-19 is associated with dyspnoea, anxiety, and muscle weakness. Due to the association with multiple symptoms, targeting sleep disturbance might be beneficial in treating the post-COVID-19 condition. Funding: UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
Published: 2023

8. Atoms in Strong Fields

Author: S. Pedro Goldman and Mark M. Cassar
Published: 2023

9. SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination

Author: Felicity Liew, Shubha Talwar, Andy Cross, Brian J. Willett, Sam Scott, Nicola Logan, Matthew K. Siggins, Dawid Swieboda, Jasmin K. Sidhu, Claudia Efstathiou, Shona C. Moore, Chris Davis, Noura Mohamed, Jose Nunag, Clara King, A.A. Roger Thompson, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones, Annemarie B. Docherty, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alexander Horsley, Betty Raman, Krisnah Poinasamy, Michael Marks, Onn Min Kon, Luke Howard, Daniel G. Wootton, Susanna Dunachie, Jennifer K. Quint, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Sara Fontanella, Thushan I. de Silva, Antonia Ho, Ewen Harrison, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Christopher Brightling, Ryan S. Thwaites, Lance Turtle, Peter J.M. Openshaw, Beatrice Alex, Petros Andrikopoulos, Benjamin Bach, Wendy S. Barclay, Debby Bogaert, Meera Chand, Kanta Chechi, Graham S. Cooke, Ana da Silva Filipe, Thushan de Silva, Gonçalo dos Santos Correia, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Jake Dunning, Tom Fletcher, Christopher A. Green, William Greenhalf, Julian Griffin, Rishi K. Gupta, Ewen M. Harrison, Antonia Y.W. Ho, Karl Holden, Peter W. Horby, Samreen Ijaz, Say Khoo, Paul Klenerman, Andrew Law, Matthew Lewis, Sonia Liggi, Wei Shen Lim, Lynn Maslen, Alexander J. Mentzer, Laura Merson, Alison M Meynert, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Michael Olanipekun, Anthonia Osagie, Massimo Palmarini, Carlo Palmieri, William A. Paxton, Georgios Pollakis, Nicholas Price, Andrew Rambaut, David L Robertson, Clark D. Russell, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Caroline Sands, Janet T. Scott, Louise Sigfrid, Tom Solomon, Shiranee Sriskandan, David Stuart, Charlotte Summers, Olivia V. Swann, Zoltan Takats, Panteleimon Takis, Richard S. Tedder, Emma C. Thomson, Lance C.W. Turtle, Maria Zambon, Thomas M. Drake, Cameron J. Fairfield, Stephen R. Knight, Kenneth A. Mclean, Derek Murphy, Lisa Norman, Riinu Pius, Catherine A. Shaw, Marie Connor, Jo Dalton, Carrol Gamble, Michelle Girvan, Sophie Halpin, Janet Harrison, Clare Jackson, James Lee, Laura Marsh, Daniel Plotkin, Stephanie Roberts, Egle Saviciute, Sara Clohisey, Ross Hendry, Susan Knight, Eva Lahnsteiner, Gary Leeming, Lucy Norris, James Scott-Brown, Sarah Tait, Murray Wham, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, Lorna Donelly, Angie Fawkes, Tammy Gilchrist, Katarzyna Hafezi, Louise MacGillivray, Alan Maclean, Sarah McCafferty, Kirstie Morrice, Lee Murphy, Nicola Wrobel, Gail Carson, Kayode Adeniji, Daniel Agranoff, Ken Agwuh, Dhiraj Ail, Erin L. Aldera, Ana Alegria, Sam Allen, Brian Angus, Abdul Ashish, Dougal Atkinson, Shahedal Bari, Gavin Barlow, Stella Barnass, Nicholas Barrett, Christopher Bassford, Sneha Basude, David Baxter, Michael Beadsworth, Jolanta Bernatoniene, John Berridge, Colin Berry, Nicola Best, Pieter Bothma, Robin Brittain-Long, Naomi Bulteel, Tom Burden, Andrew Burtenshaw, Vikki Caruth, David Chadwick, Duncan Chambler, Nigel Chee, Jenny Child, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Tom Clark, Paul Collini, Catherine Cosgrove, Jason Cupitt, Maria-Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Paul Dark, Chris Dawson, Samir Dervisevic, Phil Donnison, Sam Douthwaite, Andrew Drummond, Ingrid DuRand, Ahilanadan Dushianthan, Tristan Dyer, Cariad Evans, Chi Eziefula, Chrisopher Fegan, Adam Finn, Duncan Fullerton, Sanjeev Garg, Atul Garg, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Jo Godden, Arthur Goldsmith, Clive Graham, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, Elaine Hardy, Stuart Hartshorn, Daniel Harvey, Peter Havalda, Daniel B. Hawcutt, Maria Hobrok, Luke Hodgson, Anil Hormis, Joanne Howard, Michael Jacobs, Susan Jain, Paul Jennings, Agilan Kaliappan, Vidya Kasipandian, Stephen Kegg, Michael Kelsey, Jason Kendall, Caroline Kerrison, Ian Kerslake, Oliver Koch, Gouri Koduri, George Koshy, Shondipon Laha, Steven Laird, Susan Larkin, Tamas Leiner, Patrick Lillie, James Limb, Vanessa Linnett, Jeff Little, Mark Lyttle, Michael MacMahon, Emily MacNaughton, Ravish Mankregod, Huw Masson, Elijah Matovu, Katherine McCullough, Ruth McEwen, Manjula Meda, Gary Mills, Jane Minton, Kavya Mohandas, Quen Mok, James Moon, Elinoor Moore, Patrick Morgan, Craig Morris, Katherine Mortimore, Samuel Moses, Mbiye Mpenge, Rohinton Mulla, Michael Murphy, Thapas Nagarajan, Megan Nagel, Mark Nelson, Lillian Norris, Matthew K. O'Shea, Marlies Ostermann, Igor Otahal, Mark Pais, Selva Panchatsharam, Danai Papakonstantinou, Padmasayee Papineni, Hassan Paraiso, Brij Patel, Natalie Pattison, Justin Pepperell, Mark Peters, Mandeep Phull, Stefania Pintus, Tim Planche, Frank Post, David Price, Rachel Prout, Nikolas Rae, Henrik Reschreiter, Tim Reynolds, Neil Richardson, Mark Roberts, Devender Roberts, Alistair Rose, Guy Rousseau, Bobby Ruge, Brendan Ryan, Taranprit Saluja, Sarah Sarah, Matthias Schmid, Aarti Shah, Manu Shankar-Hari, Prad Shanmuga, Anil Sharma, Anna Shawcross, Jagtur Singh Pooni, Jeremy Sizer, Richard Smith, Catherine Snelson, Nick Spittle, Nikki Staines, Tom Stambach, Richard Stewart, Pradeep Subudhi, Tamas Szakmany, Kate Tatham, Jo Thomas, Chris Thompson, Robert Thompson, Ascanio Tridente, Darell Tupper-Carey, Mary Twagira, Nick Vallotton, Rama Vancheeswaran, Rachel Vincent, Lisa Vincent-Smith, Shico Visuvanathan, Alan Vuylsteke, Sam Waddy, Rachel Wake, Andrew Walden, Ingeborg Welters, Tony Whitehouse, Paul Whittaker, Ashley Whittington, Meme Wijesinghe, Martin Williams, Lawrence Wilson, Stephen Winchester, Martin Wiselka, Adam Wolverson, Daniel G Wootton, Andrew Workman, Bryan Yates, Peter Young, Sarah E. 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Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W.D.-C. Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, H.J.C. drury, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O'Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. 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Thackray-Nocera, F. Thaivalappil, B. Thamu, D. Thickett, C. Thomas, D.C. Thomas, S. Thomas, A.K. Thomas, T. Thomas-Woods, T. Thompson, A.A.R. Thompson, T. Thornton, M. Thorpe, R.S. Thwaites, J. Tilley, N. Tinker, G.F. Tiongson, M. Tobin, J. Tomlinson, C. Tong, M. Toshner, R. Touyz, K.A. Tripp, E. Tunnicliffe, A. Turnbull, E. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, K. Turner, S. Turney, L. Turtle, H. Turton, J. Ugoji, R. Ugwuoke, R. Upthegrove, J. Valabhji, M. Ventura, J. Vere, C. Vickers, B. Vinson, E. Wade, P. Wade, L.V. Wain, T. Wainwright, L.O. Wajero, S. Walder, S. Walker, E. Wall, T. Wallis, S. Walmsley, J.A. Walsh, S. Walsh, L. Warburton, T.J.C. Ward, K. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Waterson, E. Watson, L. Watson, J. Watson, J. Weir McCall, C. Welch, H. Welch, B. Welsh, S. Wessely, S. West, H. Weston, H. Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, O. Zongo, Investigators, ISARIC4C, group, PHOSP-COVID collaborative, Sigfrid, L, ISARIC4C Investigators, and PHOSP-COVID collaborative group
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 variants, Mucosal immunity, Nasal antibody, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), SARS-CoV-2 immunity, Vaccination, COVID-19, General Medicine, Convalescent, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Data sharing statement This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license The ISARIC4C protocol, data sharing and publication policy are available at https://isaric4c.net. ISARIC4C's Independent Data and Material Access Committee welcomes applications for access to data and materials (https://isaric4c.net). The PHOSP-COVID protocol, consent form, definition and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online: https://phosp.org/resource/. Access to these materials can be granted by contacting phosp@leicester.ac.uk and Phospcontracts@leicester.ac.uk. All data used in this study is available within ODAP and accessible under reasonable request. Data access criteria and information about how to request access is available online: https://phosp.org/resource/. If criteria are met and a request is made, access can be gained by signing the eDRIS user agreement. Supplementary data are available online at https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(22)00584-9/fulltext#supplementaryMaterial . Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Background: Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward transmission. We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, including a period when SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was introduced. Methods: In this follow up study, plasma and nasosorption samples were prospectively collected from 446 adults hospitalised for COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 via the ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. IgA and IgG responses to NP and S of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants were measured by electrochemiluminescence and compared with plasma neutralisation data. Findings: Strong and consistent nasal anti-NP and anti-S IgA responses were demonstrated, which remained elevated for nine months (p < 0.0001). Nasal and plasma anti-S IgG remained elevated for at least 12 months (p < 0.0001) with plasma neutralising titres that were raised against all variants compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Of 323 with complete data, 307 were vaccinated between 6 and 12 months; coinciding with rises in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 variants, although the change in nasal IgA was minimal (1.46-fold change after 10 months, p = 0.011) and the median remained below the positive threshold determined by pre-pandemic controls. Samples 12 months after admission showed no association between nasal IgA and plasma IgG anti-S responses (R = 0.05, p = 0.18), indicating that nasal IgA responses are distinct from those in plasma and minimally boosted by vaccination. Interpretation: The decline in nasal IgA responses 9 months after infection and minimal impact of subsequent vaccination may explain the lack of long-lasting nasal defence against reinfection and the limited effects of vaccination on transmission. These findings highlight the need to develop vaccines that enhance nasal immunity. Funding: This study has been supported by ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research and the Medical Research Council. Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre provided infrastructure support for this research. The PHOSP-COVD study is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute of Health and Care Research. The funders were not involved in the study design, interpretation of data or the writing of this manuscript. This work is supported by the following grants: The PHOSP-COVD study is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health and Care Research (grant references: MR/V027859/1 and COV0319). ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (award CO-CIN-01) and the Medical Research Council (grant MC_PC_19059) Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre provided infrastructure support for this research (grant reference: C18616/A25153). Other grants which have supported this work include: the UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium [funder reference:1257927], the Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR Imperial BRC, grant IS-BRC-1215-20013), the Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London and NIHR HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool, both in partnership with Public Health England, [NIHR award 200907], Wellcome Trust and Department for International Development [215091/Z/18/Z], Health Data Research UK (HDR UK) [grant code: 2021.0155], Medical Research Council [grant code: MC_UU_12014/12], and NIHR Clinical Research Network for providing infrastructure support for this research. FL is supported by an MRC clinical training fellowship [award MR/W000970/1]. LPH is supported by Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. AART is supported by a BHF Intermediate Clinical Fellowship (FS/18/13/33281). SLRJ receives support from UKRI, GCRF, Rosetrees Trust, BHIVA, EDCTP, Globvac. JDC has grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead Sciences, Grifols, Novartis and Insmed. RAE holds a NIHR Clinician Scientist Fellowship (CS-2016-16-020). AH is currently supported by UK Research and Innovation. NIHR and NIHR Manchester BRC. BR receives support from BHF Oxford Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford BRC and MRC. SJD is funded by an NIHR Global Research Professorship [NIHR300791]. DW is supported by an NIHR Advanced Fellowship. AH has received support from MRC and the Coronavirus Immunology Consortium (MR/V028448/1). LVW has received support from UKRI, GSK/Asthma + Lung UK and NIHR for this study. MGS has received support from NIHR UK, MRC UK and Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging & Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool. JKB is supported by the Wellcome Trust (223164/Z/21/Z) and UKRI (MC_PC_20004, MC_PC_19025, MC_PC_1905, MRNO2995X/1, and MC_PC_20029). PJMO is supported by a NIHR Senior Investigator Award [award 201385]. LT is supported by the Wellcome Trust [clinical career development fellowship grant number 205228/Z/16/Z], the Centre of Excellence in Infectious Diseases Research (CEIDR) and the Alder Hey Charity.
Published: 2022

10. Persistence of inflammatory and vascular damage mediators 5 months after acute COVID-19

Author: N Petousi, J Melhorn, A Alamoudi, M Cassar, A Fries, E Fraser, A Mentzer, B Raman, and N Talbot
Published: 2022

11. European Union Digital Education quality standard framework and companion evaluation toolkit

Author: Alexandros Yeratziotis, Evangelia Vanezi, C Mettouris, D Clendinneng, CJ MacDonald, I Backhaus, L Seriola, S Häkkinen, M Cassar, and George A. Papadopoulos
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Public relations, Education, Quality standard, Political science, Pandemic, Digital education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, business, Quality assurance, media_common
Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic positioned digital education in a new light. The need for educational institutions to develop strategies, standards and establish quality assurance across digital education be...
Published: 2021

12. Determinants of recovery from post-COVID-19 dyspnoea: analysis of UK prospective cohorts of hospitalised COVID-19 patients and community-based controls

Author: Bang Zheng, Giulia Vivaldi, Luke Daines, Olivia C. Leavy, Matthew Richardson, Omer Elneima, Hamish J.C. McAuley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Paul E. Pfeffer, John R. Hurst, Jeremy S. Brown, Manu Shankar-Hari, Carlos Echevarria, Anthony De Soyza, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir Lone, Jennifer K. Quint, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krishna Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Liam G. Heaney, Louise V. Wain, Rachael A. Evans, Christopher E. Brightling, Adrian Martineau, Aziz Sheikh, K. Abel, H. Adamali, D. Adeloye, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, S. Ahmad, N. Ahmad Haider, R. Ahmed, N. Ahwireng, M. Ainsworth, B. Al-Sheklly, A. Alamoudi, M. Ali, M. Aljaroof, A.M. All, L. Allan, R.J. Allen, L. Allerton, L. Allsop, P. Almeida, D. Altmann, M. Alvarez Corral, S. Amoils, D. Anderson, C. Antoniades, G. Arbane, A. Arias, C. Armour, L. Armstrong, N. Armstrong, D. Arnold, H. Arnold, A. Ashish, A. Ashworth, M. Ashworth, S. Aslani, H. Assefa-Kebede, C. Atkin, P. Atkin, R. Aul, H. Aung, L. Austin, C. Avram, A. Ayoub, M. Babores, R. Baggott, J. Bagshaw, D. Baguley, L. Bailey, J.K. Baillie, S. Bain, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, D. Baldwin, M. Baldwin, C. Ballard, A. Banerjee, B. Bang, R.E. Barker, L. Barman, S. Barratt, F. Barrett, D. Basire, N. Basu, M. Bates, A. Bates, R. Batterham, H. Baxendale, H. Bayes, M. Beadsworth, P. Beckett, M. Beggs, M. Begum, P. Beirne, D. Bell, R. Bell, K. Bennett, E. Beranova, A. Bermperi, A. Berridge, C. Berry, S. Betts, E. Bevan, K. Bhui, M. Bingham, K. Birchall, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, J. Blaikely, A. Bloss, A. Bolger, C.E. Bolton, J. Bonnington, A. Botkai, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, K. Bramham, L. Brear, G. Breen, J. Breeze, A. Briggs, E. Bright, C.E. Brightling, S. Brill, K. Brindle, L. Broad, A. Broadley, C. Brookes, M. Broome, A. Brown, J. Brown, J.S. Brown, M. Brown, V. Brown, T. Brugha, N. Brunskill, M. Buch, P. Buckley, A. Bularga, E. Bullmore, L. Burden, T. Burdett, D. Burn, G. Burns, A. Burns, J. Busby, R. Butcher, A. Butt, S. Byrne, P. Cairns, P.C. Calder, E. Calvelo, H. Carborn, B. Card, C. Carr, L. Carr, G. Carson, P. Carter, A. Casey, M. Cassar, J. Cavanagh, M. Chablani, T. Chalder, J.D. Chalmers, R.C. Chambers, F. Chan, K.M. Channon, K. Chapman, A. Charalambou, N. Chaudhuri, A. Checkley, J. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Childs, E.R. Chilvers, H. Chinoy, A. Chiribiri, K. Chong-James, G. Choudhury, N. Choudhury, P. Chowienczyk, C. Christie, M. Chrystal, D. Clark, C. Clark, J. Clarke, S. Clohisey, G. Coakley, Z. Coburn, S. Coetzee, J. Cole, C. Coleman, F. Conneh, D. Connell, B. Connolly, L. Connor, A. Cook, B. Cooper, J. Cooper, S. Cooper, D. Copeland, T. Cosier, M. Coulding, C. Coupland, E. Cox, T. Craig, P. Crisp, D. Cristiano, M.G. Crooks, A. Cross, I. Cruz, P. Cullinan, D. Cuthbertson, L. Daines, M. Dalton, P. Daly, A. Daniels, P. Dark, J. Dasgin, A. David, C. David, E. Davies, F. Davies, G. Davies, G.A. Davies, K. Davies, M.J. Davies, J. Dawson, E. Daynes, A. De Soyza, B. Deakin, A. Deans, C. Deas, J. Deery, S. Defres, A. Dell, K. Dempsey, E. Denneny, J. Dennis, A. Dewar, R. Dharmagunawardena, N. Diar-Bakerly, C. Dickens, A. Dipper, S. Diver, S.N. Diwanji, M. Dixon, R. Djukanovic, H. Dobson, S.L. Dobson, A.B. Docherty, A. Donaldson, T. Dong, N. Dormand, A. Dougherty, R. Dowling, S. Drain, K. Draxlbauer, K. Drury, H.J.C. drury, P. Dulawan, A. Dunleavy, S. Dunn, C. Dupont, J. Earley, N. Easom, C. Echevarria, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, H. El-Taweel, A. Elliott, K. Elliott, Y. Ellis, A. Elmer, O. Elneima, D. Evans, H. Evans, J. Evans, R. Evans, R.A. Evans, R.I. Evans, T. Evans, C. Evenden, L. Evison, L. Fabbri, S. Fairbairn, A. Fairman, K. Fallon, D. Faluyi, C. Favager, T. Fayzan, J. Featherstone, T. Felton, J. Finch, S. Finney, J. Finnigan, L. Finnigan, H. Fisher, S. Fletcher, R. Flockton, M. Flynn, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, D. Forton, E. Fraile, C. Francis, R. Francis, S. Francis, A. Frankel, E. Fraser, R. Free, N. French, X. Fu, J. Fuld, J. Furniss, L. Garner, N. Gautam, J.R. Geddes, J. George, P. George, M. Gibbons, M. Gill, L. Gilmour, F. Gleeson, J. Glossop, S. Glover, N. Goodman, C. Goodwin, B. Gooptu, H. Gordon, T. Gorsuch, M. Greatorex, P.L. Greenhaff, W. Greenhalf, A. Greenhalgh, N.J. Greening, J. Greenwood, H. Gregory, R. Gregory, D. Grieve, D. Griffin, L. Griffiths, A.-M. Guerdette, B. Guillen Guio, M. Gummadi, A. Gupta, S. Gurram, E. Guthrie, Z. Guy, H.H. Henson, K. Hadley, A. Haggar, K. Hainey, B. Hairsine, P. Haldar, I. Hall, L. Hall, M. Halling-Brown, R. Hamil, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, N.A. Hanley, S. Haq, H.E. Hardwick, E. Hardy, T. Hardy, B. Hargadon, K. Harrington, E. Harris, V.C. Harris, E.M. Harrison, P. Harrison, N. Hart, A. Harvey, M. Harvey, M. Harvie, L. Haslam, M. Havinden-Williams, J. Hawkes, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, A. Hayday, M. Haynes, J. Hazeldine, T. Hazelton, L.G. Heaney, C. Heeley, J.L. Heeney, M. Heightman, S. Heller, M. Henderson, L. Hesselden, M. Hewitt, V. Highett, T. Hillman, T. Hiwot, L.P. Ho, A. Hoare, M. Hoare, J. Hockridge, P. Hogarth, A. Holbourn, S. Holden, L. Holdsworth, D. Holgate, M. Holland, L. Holloway, K. Holmes, M. Holmes, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Hormis, A. Horsley, A. Hosseini, M. Hotopf, L. Houchen-Wolloff, K. Howard, L.S. Howard, A. Howell, E. Hufton, A.D. Hughes, J. Hughes, R. Hughes, A. Humphries, N. Huneke, E. Hurditch, J. Hurst, M. Husain, T. Hussell, J. Hutchinson, W. Ibrahim, F. Ilyas, J. Ingham, L. Ingram, D. Ionita, K. Isaacs, K. Ismail, T. Jackson, J. Jacob, W.Y. James, W. Jang, C. Jarman, I. Jarrold, H. Jarvis, R. Jastrub, B. Jayaraman, R.G. Jenkins, P. Jezzard, K. Jiwa, C. Johnson, S. Johnson, D. Johnston, C.J. Jolley, D. Jones, G. Jones, H. Jones, I. Jones, L. Jones, M.G. Jones, S. Jones, S. Jose, T. Kabir, G. Kaltsakas, V. Kamwa, N. Kanellakis, null s. Kaprowska, Z. Kausar, N. Keenan, S. Kelly, G. Kemp, S. Kerr, H. Kerslake, A.L. Key, F. Khan, K. Khunti, S. Kilroy, B. King, C. King, L. Kingham, J. Kirk, P. Kitterick, P. Klenerman, L. Knibbs, S. Knight, A. Knighton, O. Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W. D-C. Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, G. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, J. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O'Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, A. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. Shankar-Hari, M. Sharma, C. Sharpe, M. Sharpe, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, K. Shaw, V. Shaw, A. Sheikh, S. Shelton, L. Shenton, K. Shevket, A. Shikotra, J. Short, S. Siddique, S. Siddiqui, J. Sidebottom, L. Sigfrid, G. Simons, J. Simpson, N. Simpson, A. Singapuri, C. Singh, S. Singh, S.J. Singh, D. Sissons, J. Skeemer, K. Slack, A. Smith, D. Smith, S. Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Soares, T.S. Solano, R. Solly, A.R. Solstice, T. Soulsby, D. Southern, D. Sowter, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, F. Speranza, L. Stadon, S. Stanel, N. Steele, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, G. Stephens, L. Stephenson, M. Stern, I. Stewart, R. Stimpson, S. Stockdale, J. Stockley, W. Stoker, R. Stone, W. Storrar, A. Storrie, K. Storton, E. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, N. Stroud, C. Subbe, C.L. Sudlow, Z. Suleiman, C. Summers, C. Summersgill, D. Sutherland, D.L. Sykes, R. Sykes, N. Talbot, A.L. Tan, L. Tarusan, V. Tavoukjian, A. Taylor, C. Taylor, J. Taylor, A. Te, H. Tedd, C.J. Tee, J. Teixeira, H. Tench, S. Terry, S. Thackray-Nocera, F. Thaivalappil, B. Thamu, D. Thickett, C. Thomas, D.C. Thomas, S. Thomas, A.K. Thomas, T. Thomas-Woods, T. Thompson, A.A.R. Thompson, T. Thornton, M. Thorpe, R.S. Thwaites, J. Tilley, N. Tinker, G.F. Tiongson, M. Tobin, J. Tomlinson, C. Tong, M. Toshner, R. Touyz, K.A. Tripp, E. Tunnicliffe, A. Turnbull, E. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, K. Turner, S. Turney, L. Turtle, H. Turton, J. Ugoji, R. Ugwuoke, R. Upthegrove, J. Valabhji, M. Ventura, J. Vere, C. Vickers, B. Vinson, E. Wade, P. Wade, L.V. Wain, T. Wainwright, L.O. Wajero, S. Walder, S. Walker, E. Wall, T. Wallis, S. Walmsley, J.A. Walsh, S. Walsh, L. Warburton, T.J.C. Ward, K. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Waterson, E. Watson, L. Watson, J. Watson, J. Weir McCall, C. Welch, H. Welch, B. Welsh, S. Wessely, S. West, H. Weston, H. Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, O. Zongo, and PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group
Subjects: Long COVID, Oncology, Recovery, Health Policy, Dyspnoea, Cohort, Internal Medicine, COVID-19
Abstract: Data sharing statement: PHOSP-COVID: The protocol, consent form, definition and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, requests for data access and other relevant study materials are available online at https://www.phosp.org. COVIDENCE UK: De-identified participant data will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Supplementary data is available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776223000546?via%3Dihub#appsec1 . Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: The risk factors for recovery from COVID-19 dyspnoea are poorly understood. We investigated determinants of recovery from dyspnoea in adults with COVID-19 and compared these to determinants of recovery from non-COVID-19 dyspnoea. Methods: We used data from two prospective cohort studies: PHOSP-COVID (patients hospitalised between March 2020 and April 2021 with COVID-19) and COVIDENCE UK (community cohort studied over the same time period). PHOSP-COVID data were collected during hospitalisation and at 5-month and 1-year follow-up visits. COVIDENCE UK data were obtained through baseline and monthly online questionnaires. Dyspnoea was measured in both cohorts with the Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify determinants associated with a reduction in dyspnoea between 5-month and 1-year follow-up. Findings: We included 990 PHOSP-COVID and 3309 COVIDENCE UK participants. We observed higher odds of improvement between 5-month and 1-year follow-up among PHOSP-COVID participants who were younger (odds ratio 1.02 per year, 95% CI 1.01–1.03), male (1.54, 1.16–2.04), neither obese nor severely obese (1.82, 1.06–3.13 and 4.19, 2.14–8.19, respectively), had no pre-existing anxiety or depression (1.56, 1.09–2.22) or cardiovascular disease (1.33, 1.00–1.79), and shorter hospital admission (1.01 per day, 1.00–1.02). Similar associations were found in those recovering from non-COVID-19 dyspnoea, excluding age (and length of hospital admission). Interpretation: Factors associated with dyspnoea recovery at 1-year post-discharge among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were similar to those among community controls without COVID-19. Funding: PHOSP-COVID is supported by a grant from the MRC-UK Research and Innovation and the Department of Health and Social Care through the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) rapid response panel to tackle COVID-19. The views expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Health Service (NHS), the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. COVIDENCE UK is supported by the UK Research and Innovation, the National Institute for Health Research, and Barts Charity. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funders. PHOSP-COVID: This study would not be possible without all the participants who have given their time and support. We thank all the participants and their families. We thank the many research administrators, health-care and social-care professionals who contributed to setting up and delivering the study at all of the 65 NHS trusts/Health boards and 25 research institutions across the UK, as well as all the supporting staff at the NIHR Clinical Research Network, Health Research Authority, Research Ethics Committee, Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health Scotland, and Public Health England, and support from the ISARIC Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium. We thank Kate Holmes at the NIHR Office for Clinical Research Infrastructure (NOCRI) for her support in coordinating the charities group. The PHOSP-COVID industry framework was formed to provide advice and support in commercial discussions, and we thank the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry as well NOCRI for coordinating this. We are very grateful to all the charities that have provided insight to the study: Action Pulmonary Fibrosis, Alzheimer's Research UK, Asthma + Lung UK, British Heart Foundation, Diabetes UK, Cystic Fibrosis Trust, Kidney Research UK, MQ Mental Health, Muscular Dystrophy UK, Stroke Association Blood Cancer UK, McPin Foundations, and Versus Arthritis. We thank the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre patient and public involvement group and Long Covid Support. COVIDENCE UK: We thank all participants of COVIDENCE UK, and the following organisations who supported study recruitment: Asthma UK/British Lung Foundation, the British Heart Foundation, the British Obesity Society, Cancer Research UK, Diabetes UK, Future Publishing, Kidney Care UK, Kidney Wales, Mumsnet, the National Kidney Federation, the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society, the North West London Health Research Register (DISCOVER), Primary Immunodeficiency UK, the Race Equality Foundation, SWM Health, the Terence Higgins Trust, and Vasculitis UK.
Published: 2023

13. Current concepts and outcomes in cemented femoral stem design and cementation techniques: the argument for a new classification system

Author: Colin G. Murphy, Rosie McColgan, Paddy Kenny, Adrian J. Cassar-Gheiti, Martin Kelly, and Theresa M. Cassar-Gheiti
Subjects: 030222 orthopedics, Engineering drawing, Hip, Computer science, Hip Replacement, Cement, Design elements and principles, Femoral stem, Broaching, Composite beams, Arthroplasty, Implant fixation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Registry data, 030212 general & internal medicine
Abstract: Cemented implant fixation design principles have evolved since the 1950s, and various femoral stem designs are currently in use to provide a stable construct between the implant–cement and cement–bone interfaces. Cemented stems have classically been classified into two broad categories: taper slip or force closed, and composite beams or shaped closed designs. While these simplifications are acceptable general categories, there are other important surgical details that need to be taken into consideration such as different broaching techniques, cementing techniques and mantle thickness. With the evolution of cemented implants, the introduction of newer implants which have hybrid properties, and the use of different broaching techniques, the classification of a very heterogenous group of implants into simple binary categories becomes increasingly difficult. A more comprehensive classification system would aid in comparison of results and better understanding of the implants’ biomechanics. We review these differing stem designs, their respective cementing techniques and geometries. We then propose a simple four-part classification system and summarize the long-term outcomes and international registry data for each respective type of cemented prosthesis.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:241-252. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190034
Published: 2020

14. Quo Vadis? Some Reflections on Malta’s Migration Management Trajectory

Author: Jean-Pierre Gauci, Christine M. Cassar, and Patricia Vella de Fremeaux
Published: 2022

15. A Qualitative Investigation to Underpin the Development of an Electronic Tool to Assess Nutrition Literacy in Australian Adults

Author: Alyssa M Cassar, Gareth S Denyer, Helen T O’Connor, and Janelle A Gifford
Subjects: nutrition literacy, electronic tablet, health literacy, mobile applications, nutrition education, nutrition knowledge, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Nutrition literacy is linked to health via its influence on dietary intake. There is a need for a tool to assess nutrition literacy in research and dietetic practice. We sought guidance from nutrition professionals on topic areas and features of an electronic nutrition literacy assessment tool for Australian adults. 28 experienced nutrition professionals engaged in a range of nutrition and dietetic work areas participated in six focus groups using a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using an inductive approach using NVivo 10 (QSR International, Pty Ltd., Doncaster, Australia, 2012). Key areas identified to assess nutrition literacy included specific nutrients versus foods, labels and packaging, construction of the diet, knowledge of the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, understanding of serve and portion sizes, ability to select healthier foods, and demographics such as belief systems and culture. Exploitation of electronic features to enhance visual and auditory displays, including interactive animations such as “drag and drop” and virtual reality situations, were discussed. This study provided insight into the most relevant topic areas and presentation format to assess the nutrition literacy of adult Australians. The visual, auditory, and interactive capacity of the available technology could enhance the assessment of nutrition literacy.
Published: 2018
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16. Development and performance testing of a small, multi-bladed wind turbine

Author: Steven Schembri, Martin Muscat, Christian Cordina, Cedric Caruana, Adrian Farrugia, Josianne Cassar, Redeemer Axisa, Albert Borg, Cecille M Cassar, Tonio Sant, and Robert N. Farrugia
Subjects: Wind power, Small wind turbine, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Process (computing), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Environmental science, business, Turbine, Marine engineering
Abstract: This article presents selected results from the development process of a small, prototype multi-bladed wind turbine designed to replace the American western-style, wind-driven water pumps still encountered in the Maltese rural landscape. The main focus of this article is on the rotor design, fabrication and system assembly, as well as on the results of the first open field tests. While the new design proves that the new machine is capable of aesthetically representing the windmills of old, preliminary findings indicate that it is also capable of meeting its predicted performance characteristics in a satisfactory manner, albeit subject to the installation site’s specific wind climatology.
Published: 2019

17. Comparison across 12 countries on knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores about medication errors in Intensive Care Units: an international study

Author: N, Giannetta, S, Dionisi, A, Stievano, S, Eltaybani, M E, Abdelgawad, M R, Katigri, T T, Azadboni, P J, López-Soto, I, Morales-Cané, I, Ali, J, Urban, S, Shrestha, M, Christensen, A, Voutilainen, A, Vaajoki, K, Hamdan, G, Rubicini, J Y, Rivera Pizarro, G, Liquori, M, Cassar, J, Trapani, G, Rocco, G B, Orsi, E, Di Simone, and M, Di Muzio
Subjects: Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Attitude of Health Personnel, Middle Aged, nurses, Intensive Care Units, Young Adult, medication errors, Cross-Sectional Studies, nursing, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, instrument, Female, coss-cultural comparison
Abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the degree of agreement of intensive care unit nurses working on a set of medication error preventive strategies and to examine possible predictors of nurses' knowledge, attitude and behavior.Observational, international, and cross-sectional study. Iran, Malta, Spain, Pakistan, Nepal, Qatar, Ecuador, Australia, Finland, Italy, Egypt, and Jordan were the countries included in this survey. To collect data, the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior in Medication Errors questionnaire was used. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample and three multiple logistic regressions were performed.The international sample consists of 1383 nurses, of whom 478 (34.6%) were men and 900 (65.1%) were women and their mean age was 35.61 years with a range of 19-61. Descriptive statistics conducted on the international sample show a medium to high degree of agreement among participants concerning some preventive strategies of medication error. In addition, the results of the present study show a strong relationship between positive nurses' attitudes and correct behaviors and/or adequate knowledge, as well as between adequate knowledge and correct behaviors (p0.01).Further studies are needed to explore the issue of medication error concerning nurses' cultural backgrounds, as well as to assess similarities and disparities among international nurses.
Published: 2021

18. Ligand-Directed Modification of Active Matrix Metalloproteases: Activity-based Probes with no Photolabile Group

Author: Kaminska, M. Bruyat, P. Malgorn, C. Doladilhe, M. Cassar-Lajeunesse, E. Fruchart Gaillard, C. De Souza, M. Beau, F. Thai, R. Correia, I. Galat, A. Georgiadis, D. Lequin, O. Dive, V. Bregant, S. Devel, L.
Abstract: Activity-based probes enable discrimination between the active enzyme and its inactive or inactivated counterparts. Since metalloproteases catalysis is non-covalent, activity-based probes targeting them have been systematically developed by decorating reversible inhibitors with photo-crosslinkers. By exploiting two types of ligand-guided chemistry, we identified novel activity-based probes capable of covalently modifying the active site of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) without any external trigger. The ability of these probes to label recombinant MMPs was validated in vitro and the identity of the main labelling sites within their S3′ region unambiguously assigned. We also demonstrated that our affinity probes can react with rhMMP12 at nanogram scale (that is, at 0.07 % (w/w)) in complex proteomes. Finally, this ligand-directed chemistry was successfully applied to label active MMP-12 secreted by eukaryote cells. We believe that this approach could be transferred more widely to many other metalloproteases, thus contributing to tackle their unresolved proteomic profiling in vivo. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Published: 2021

19. Announcement: A new journal from AIP Publishing—APL Materials

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Physics, QC1-999
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Announcement: A new journal from the American Institute of Physics—AIP Advances

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Chondral Lesion in the Hip Joint and Current Chondral Repair Techniques

Author: Cassar-Gheiti, Adrian J., Burke, Neil G., and Mulhall, Theresa M. Cassar-Gheiti and Kevin J.
Subjects: GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Published: 2018

22. Chondral Lesion in the Hip Joint and Current Chondral Repair Techniques

Author: Adrian J. Cassar-Gheiti, Theresa M. Cassar-Gheiti, Kevin J. Mulhall, and Neil G Burke
Subjects: Lesion, Orthodontics, business.industry, medicine, medicine.symptom, Current (fluid), business, Joint (geology)
Published: 2018

23. Production of platelet-rich plasma gel from elderly patients under antithrombotic drugs: Perspectives in chronic wounds care

Author: Jeremy Magalon, Baptiste Bertrand, P Villani, M Cassar, D Bernot, Aurélie Daumas, Pauline François, Cécile Philandrianos, C Frere, Florence Sabatier, Mélanie Velier, A Ghazouane, F Dignat George, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION )
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, chemistry.chemical_element, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Calcium, Pharmacology, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Thrombin, Fibrinolytic Agents, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Antithrombotic, medicine, Humans, Platelet, Wound Healing, business.industry, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Hematology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, chemistry, Platelet-rich plasma, Chronic Disease, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous biological therapy obtained by centrifuging the patient's own blood to concentrate platelets. The addition of autologous thrombin and calcium chloride to PRP allows the production of a semi-solid form called PRP gel. PRP gel is increasingly used in a variety of tissue defects and predominantly in the management of non-healing chronic wounds. The topical application of PRP gel seems promising due to the capability of platelets to store and secrete growth factors (GF), fibrin and cytokines, which are essentials for wound healing. Most patients who suffered from chronic wounds are elderly patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy including antithrombotic drugs such as antiplatelet agents (AP) or anticoagulants (AC), which could hamper the feasibility of this autologous platelet-derived therapy. To date, no study has investigated PRP gel formation in patients with AP or AC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of AP or AC drugs on the production of PRP gel formation from elderly patients. Different biological characteristics were determined to qualify the production of PRP gel from such patients (Interquartile range (IQR) = 75-92 years) compared to healthy volunteers (IQR = 23-37 years). No significant difference was observed in the volume, composition (quantity of platelets, leukocytes and red blood cells) and functionality of platelets from PRP except a higher ADP-induced P-selectin expression in healthy donors compared with elderly patients. Autologous thrombin characteristics were similar in the two groups. Gel time formation (IQR: 120-195 seconds for controls and 135-210 seconds for elderly patients) and final composition of PRP gel were not significantly modified. Concentrations of theoretical thrombin generated in the serum and in the gel were inversely correlated with the time of formation of PRP gel (r(2) = 0.57, p = 0.012). Altogether these data indicate that PRP gel preparation is not impacted by the use of antithrombotic drugs. Such results support the feasibility of using this innovative autologous biotherapy in the management of elderly patients with non-healing chronic wounds.
Published: 2018

24. Clinical use and interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis and adjunct assays

Author: Adrian Y.S. Lee, Anna M. Johnston, Paul M Cassar, and Stephen Adelstein
Subjects: Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Blood Proteins, Blood Protein Electrophoresis, Agar gel, Adjunct, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrophoresis, 0302 clinical medicine, Biochemistry, Blood protein electrophoresis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Serum protein electrophoresis, Medicine, Humans, business, 030215 immunology
Published: 2017

25. A Qualitative Investigation to Underpin the Development of an Electronic Tool to Assess Nutrition Literacy in Australian Adults

Author: Janelle A. Gifford, Helen O'Connor, Alyssa M Cassar, and Gareth Denyer
Subjects: Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Dietetics, Nutrition Education, media_common.quotation_subject, Nutritional Status, lcsh:TX341-641, Health literacy, Healthy eating, electronic tablet, nutrition knowledge, Portion size, Choice Behavior, Article, Nutrition Policy, Food Preferences, 03 medical and health sciences, Presentation, nutrition literacy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, health literacy, mobile applications, nutrition education, media_common, Medical education, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Data collection, Data Collection, Australia, Food Packaging, Portion Size, Focus Groups, Focus group, Socioeconomic Factors, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Nutrition literacy, Diet, Healthy, Psychology, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food Science
Abstract: Nutrition literacy is linked to health via its influence on dietary intake. There is a need for a tool to assess nutrition literacy in research and dietetic practice. We sought guidance from nutrition professionals on topic areas and features of an electronic nutrition literacy assessment tool for Australian adults. 28 experienced nutrition professionals engaged in a range of nutrition and dietetic work areas participated in six focus groups using a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using an inductive approach using NVivo 10 (QSR International, Pty Ltd., Doncaster, Australia, 2012). Key areas identified to assess nutrition literacy included specific nutrients versus foods, labels and packaging, construction of the diet, knowledge of the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, understanding of serve and portion sizes, ability to select healthier foods, and demographics such as belief systems and culture. Exploitation of electronic features to enhance visual and auditory displays, including interactive animations such as “drag and drop” and virtual reality situations, were discussed. This study provided insight into the most relevant topic areas and presentation format to assess the nutrition literacy of adult Australians. The visual, auditory, and interactive capacity of the available technology could enhance the assessment of nutrition literacy.
Published: 2018

26. Allele frequencies of 14 STR loci in the population of Malta

Author: C. Farrugia, C. Vidal, and M. Cassar
Subjects: Genetics, education.field_of_study, Malta, Population, Biology, DNA Fingerprinting, Polymerase Chain Reaction, language.human_language, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, law.invention, Maltese, Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Genetics, Population, Gene Frequency, Tandem Repeat Sequences, law, language, Str loci, Population data, Humans, education, Allele frequency, Polymerase chain reaction
Abstract: Allele frequencies of 14 STR loci (D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, TH01 and D3S1358) observed in the population of Malta are being reported. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the AmpFl STR ® Identifiler kit was performed in a random sample of 157 subjects (314 chromosomes). Markers D2S1338, D18S51 and FGA had the highest power of discrimination (PD) values while TPOX was the least informative marker. Allele frequencies observed in the Maltese population were also compared with those of other populations from the Mediterranean region, Europe and Africa. Our data is useful for anthropological and other comparative studies of populations and is powerful for forensic and paternity testing in the Maltese islands.
Published: 2008

27. REPRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP OF CONSERVATION AND VALUE

Author: Joel Taylor and M Cassar
Subjects: Value (ethics), Intervention (law), Values, Process (engineering), Representation (systemics), Cultural heritage management, Environmental ethics, Conservation, Sociology, Affect (psychology), Object (philosophy), Visual arts
Abstract: Physical and intellectual access to heritage is shaped by conservation through a longterm, cyclic and symbiotic relationship of representation and intervention (or lack of it). This informs future use and representation. Value (which may be assigned for different reasons) makes heritage. All heritage is valued for varied reasons. Some argue that heritage has inherent value; this is not covered in this paper. Some values are preferred over others in decisions on what to use or conserve. The process below describes a number of different recurring phases in this relationship, which differs with different kinds of heritage: 1. Various agents change heritage; 2. Change affects valued elements of heritage; 3. Valued elements affect how change is perceived; 4. What is perceived as damage affects decisions about conservation interventions; 5. Conservation affects which valued elements are most likely to be preserved; 6. Preserved elements influence how heritage is represented; 7. New forms of representation will affect future conservation decisions. Historically, how heritage has been represented has affected how an object is preserved. This affects later representation and use, making the relationship symbiotic.
Published: 2008

28. OPTIMIZING DRYING STRATEGIES TO REDUCE DOWN TIMES FOR ACTIVELY-USED FLOOD DAMAGED HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Author: Phillip Biddulph, M Cassar, and Nigel Blades
Subjects: Operations research, Flood myth, Environmental protection, Computer science, Cultural landscape, Global warming, Sustainability, Climate change, Computer modelling, Conservation, Built heritage, Natural (archaeology)
Abstract: The sustainability of historic buildings often depends on continued use. Institutions provide significant resources for repair and maintenance. Increased flood risk as a consequence of climate change is growing in a number of places. Once wet, a building could be unusable for a long time, leading to losses and possible abandonment. An initial study as part of the EU research project, Global Climate Change Impact on Built Heritage and Cultural Landscapes (Noah's Ark) has shown how novel computer modelling can predict how wood left to dry naturally will dry in future climates. This knowledge will help develop strategies for safe and rapid drying of flooded wooden buildings. Conventional rapid drying using mechanical dehumidification can cause large moisture gradients within wood, leading to mechanical stress and failure. It is hoped to find fast, safe drying regimes by optimizing the pattern of rapid and natural drying.
Published: 2008

29. A Soft System Framework for the Conservation Management of Material Cultural Heritage

Author: M Cassar and Jeremy D. Hutchings
Subjects: Knowledge management, business.industry, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, Cultural heritage, Single entity, Management of Technology and Innovation, Cultural heritage management, Environmental impact assessment, Quality (business), System framework, Soft systems methodology, Business, Industrial heritage, media_common
Abstract: Experience gained from cultural heritage management in Norway and the UK has led to the development of a framework describing the key conservation activities required to sustain a diverse range between material cultural heritage assets. A soft system approach allows the complex interaction between various activities and external factors impacting on cultural heritage management to be examined as a single entity, for example, the contributions made by human interaction, environmental impact and the properties of the material heritage itself, on the preservation or loss of a cultural object. By constructing such a framework it is possible to identify potential indicators that can be used to measure the quality of conservation activities. Arguments are presented for grouping these indicators of impact into social, economic and environmental categories and examples are given of how this approach can be universally applied to real situations.
Published: 2006

30. A cross-disciplinary approach to the use of archives as evidence of past indoor environments in historic buildings

Author: M Cassar and Joel Taylor
Subjects: History, Engineering, Architectural engineering, Building science, business.industry, Cross disciplinary, Library and Information Sciences, Archival research, Object (philosophy), Archaeology, Historic site, Natural (archaeology), Environmental history, business, Interdisciplinarity
Abstract: This article describes a methodology developed in consultation with English Heritage, The National Trust and Historic Royal Palaces. It links past environmental conditions in historic houses to object deterioration, using information from a range of disciplines. These include environmental history, building science, archival research and preventive conservation. The methodology was devised in order to integrate qualitative and quantitative evidence for a novel simulation of historic buildings. Application of the methodology has illustrated the value of integrating different strands of research to provide a robust synergistic approach to the complex problem of assessing natural ageing in historic materials. This approach will aid the understanding of both past internal climates and future object deterioration.
Published: 2004

31. Why do patients with non-life threatening conditions bypass their local health centres? A cross-sectional survey at accident and emergency departments in Trinidad

Author: R G, Maharaj, S, De Shong, J, Archer, M, Cassar, S, Harricharran, S, Jagroop, A, Khan, N, Khatri, and S, Koshy
Subjects: Adult, Male, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Trinidad and Tobago, Humans, Female, Community Health Centers, Emergency Service, Hospital, Health Services Misuse
Published: 2014

32. Preventive conservation strategies for sustainable urban pollution control in museums

Author: Nigel Blades, Ben Croxford, Tadj Oreszczyn, and M Cassar
Subjects: Pollutant, Pollution, Government, media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), Library science, Environmental science, Conservation, Environmental planning, humanities, media_common
Abstract: The last 40 years have seen major changes in the sources and concentrations of urban pollution (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and particulates). During this time, research has advanced our understanding of the impact of pollutants on objects in urban museums. As a consequence, pollutant control has become an important aspect of preventive conservation. There is also increased awareness of the need for pollution control strategies that are sustainable at an organizational and global level. This report, prepared by a chemist, a conservator, and two building scientists, reviews strategies for minimizing the impact of urban pollution on museum collections. The results of new research funded by the UK government identify current (1999) internal pollution levels in both naturally ventilated and air-conditioned museums with particle and gaseous filtration, in relation to external concentrations, ventilation strategies, and the characteristics of the internal fabric and finishes of these buildings. The last 40 years have seen major changes in the sources and concentrations of urban pollution (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and particulates). During this time, research has advanced our understanding of the impact of pollutants on objects in urban museums. As a consequence, pollutant control has become an important aspect of preventive conservation. There is also increased awareness of the need for pollution control strategies that are sustainable at an organizational and global level. This report, prepared by a chemist, a conservator, and two building scientists, reviews strategies for minimizing the impact of urban pollution on museum collections. The results of new research funded by the UK government identify current (1999) internal pollution levels in both naturally ventilated and air-conditioned museums with particle and gaseous filtration, in relation to external concentrations, ventilation strategies, and the characteristics of the internal fabric and finishes of these buildings.
Published: 2000

33. Intra-operative perfusion assessment of laparoscopically harvested omental flap used for chest wall salvage - a video vignette

Author: E. O'Grady, H. N. Al Furajii, Ronan A. Cahill, M. Cassar, and R. Caulfield
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Salvage therapy, Perfusion scanning, Omental flap, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, Lung transplantation, Surgical Flaps, business, Laparoscopy, Perfusion, Thoracic wall
Abstract: This intraoperative video shows a 61-year-old gentleman with an anterior chest wall defect following double lung transplant and an initial V-Y reconstruction involving advancement of the whole abdominal pannus. A single stage laparoscopically harvested bipedicled omental flap and split skin graft were used, with application of near-infrared technology to assess flap perfusion intra-operatively. This was followed by laparoscopic repair of a ventral incisional hernia at the exit site of the omental flap.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

34. Comparative study of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned museums

Author: Tadj Oreszczyn, M. Cassar, and K. Fernandez
Subjects: Architectural engineering, Order (exchange), Air conditioning, business.industry, Computer science, Control (management), Conservation, business, Visual arts
Abstract: Museums are increasingly becoming aware of the need for good environmental control in order to slow down the effects of environmental instability on objects. In theory, air conditioning can provide this level of control, but at a price. For example, many museums are housed in historic buildings where it is very difficult and expensive to install air conditioning, and maintenance and operating costs are high in terms of energy and personnel. Furthermore, the introduction of air conditioning in an historic structure is questionable. Using monitored data from historic house museums with and without air conditioning, the authors examine the level of environmental control that air conditioning provides in practice. Analysis of monitored temperature and humidity data suggests that air conditioning does not always provide tight control or a more stable environment. A new attitude to environmental control is required among both building designers and museum professionals in order to achieve agreement on an acceptable level of environmental control at an affordable price.
Published: 1994

35. Study about genetic variability of SE33 locus

Author: P Cormaci, J C Grech, M Cassar, and A Barbaro
Subjects: Forensic science, Genetics, Forensic identification, education.field_of_study, Genetic marker, Population, Locus (genetics), General Medicine, Genetic variability, Biology, Allele, education, Hardy–Weinberg principle
Abstract: Introduction: The HUMACTBP2 (SE33) locus is one of the most polymorphic markers commonly used in forensic human identification. Variability of SE33 was studied in 2 Calabria and Malta populations using the AmpFlSTR NGM SElect™ PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) and the PowerPlex ESI 17 (Promega). Material & Methods: A total of 41 different alleles were observed in the 2 examined populations with no allele being more frequent than 10,5%. In the Maltese population more intermediate alleles than in Calabria were found. Allelic frequencies and statistical parameters of forensic interest (Dp,PE, RMP) were calculated using PowerStats v.1.2 software. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and other population parameters were calculated using Arlequin v.3.1 and TFPGA v1.3 softwares. Results: No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were found. Calabria and Malta allelic frequencies were compared to previously published population data and no significant differences were found. When comparing with Sicily no overall significant genetic distances were found, while comparison to other populations showed significant ones. Moreover comparison with non-European population showed no big distances between Germany and Morocco and between Hungary and Turkey. Conclusion: confirmed the locus is effectively highly polymorphic and useful not only for forensic identification but also in paternity cases in addition to the set of STRs loci commonly used.
Published: 2015

36. Sustainable solutions in the conservation and protection of historic monuments and archaeological remains: a critical assessment of European research needs

Author: T. Nixon, C. Sabbioni, C. Price, K. Van Balen, M Cassar, Cesáreo Sáiz-Jiménez, and Peter Brimblecombe
Subjects: Engineering, Parliament, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, European research, Library science, Critical assessment, Public administration, business, Cult, Sustainable solutions, media_common
Abstract: This paper is based on a report for the European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessmen Unit (STOS Project 2000/13-CULT/04) titled Technological Requirements for Solutions in the Conservation and Protection of Historic Monuments and Archaeological Remains. Its purpose was to inform the European Parliament of current research provision and future research needs for the protection and conservation of cultural heritage., This study was prepared for the Scientific and Technological Optinos Assessment Office, European Parliament, project 2000/13-CULT/04.
Published: 2004

37. The environmental performance of museum display cases

Author: Graham Martin and M Cassar
Subjects: Measure (data warehouse), Scale (ratio), Air change, Air exchange, Environmental science, Conservation, Gas concentration, Simulation
Abstract: This study describes the investigation of a suitable descriptor of quality for museum display cases. One possibility is to measure the rate of air exchange between the display case and external air. Appropriate building tests were adapted to the scale of display cases. The two techniques applied in the laboratory during the study were an air-pressurization test and a tracer gas concentration decay test. This work has led to the establishment of a standard testing protocol, using the tracer gas concentration decay test, for the measurement of air change rate in display cases purchased by the Victoria & Albert Museum.
Published: 1994

38. PO83 Introducing a tailor-made care pathway specific to young women diagnosed and receiving treatment for breast cancer

Author: E. Vella and M. Cassar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Breast cancer, business.industry, medicine, Care pathway, Surgery, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Intensive care medicine, business
Published: 2014

39. Announcement: Free access to Letters published in Physics of Fluids

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Computational Mechanics, Fluid dynamics, Free access, Statistical physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Published: 2012

40. Retraction: 'Multidimensional spatial-spectral holographic interpretation of NMR photography' [J. Chem. Phys. 124, 194108 (2006)]

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Theoretical physics, Optics, Chemistry, business.industry, law, Photography, Holography, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Interpretation (model theory), law.invention
Published: 2011

41. Retraction: 'Explicitly correlated equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods for excited and electron-attached states' [J. Chem. Phys. 133, 204103 (2010)]

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Partial differential equation, Coupled cluster, Differential equation, Chemistry, Excited state, Quantum mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Equations of motion, Electron, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Published: 2011

42. Announcement: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Adopts Citation Identifiers

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Identifier, Physics, Reference data, Information retrieval, Citation analysis, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Citation
Published: 2010

43. Announcement: The Journal of Chemical Physics eliminates color-printing fees effective 1 August 2009

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Computer science, Computer graphics (images), General Physics and Astronomy, Color printing, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Published: 2009

44. Announcement: Free access to Communications published in The Journal of Chemical Physics

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: business.industry, Free access, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Telecommunications, business
Published: 2009

45. Announcement: Multimedia Capability Added to Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Reference data, Multimedia, business.industry, Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Electronic publishing, General Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, computer.software_genre, computer
Published: 2009

46. Announcement: Reduced Fees for Color in Print

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Multimedia, Chemistry, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Mathematics, Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Advertising, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, computer.software_genre, Mechanics of Materials, Publishing, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Instrumentation, computer, Mathematical Physics
Published: 2009

47. Announcement: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters available for author names

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Kanji, History, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Translation service, Computer science, Word processing, Computational Mechanics, Biomedical Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Library science, Character encoding, Announcements, Mathematical proof, World Wide Web, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Language translation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Service (business), East Asian languages, Chemistry, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Mechanics of Materials, Publishing, Order (business), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, business
Abstract: Beginning on 1 January 2009, authors with Chinese, Japanese, or Korean names may choose to have their names published in their own language, alongside the English versions of their names, in the author list of their publications.1 For Chinese, authors may use either Simplified or Traditional characters. In order to participate in this free service, interested authors must include Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters within the author list of their manuscripts when submitting or resubmitting. The publisher does not offer a translation service and will not insert names; this is the author’s responsibility. To participate, authors must prepare their manuscripts using Microsoft Word or using the CJK LaTeX package. Specific guidelines for each authoring tool are given at http://www.aip.org/pubservs/cjk_instructions.html. To ensure that the manuscript submission system has processed the submitted manuscript files correctly, authors must proof the PDF of the manuscript file as produced by the Peer X-Press system upon submission. In addition, it is essential that authors check carefully the page proofs they will receive from the publisher prior to publication of the accepted paper.
Published: 2009

48. Announcement: Multimedia capability added to The Journal of Chemical Physics

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Engineering, Multimedia, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, computer.software_genre, business, computer
Published: 2009

49. Announcement: Multimedia capability added to Applied Physics Letters

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Applied physics, Multimedia, Computer science, computer.software_genre, computer
Published: 2009

50. Announcement: Multimedia capability added to Journal of Applied Physics

Author: Mark M. Cassar
Subjects: Applied physics, Multimedia, Computer science, General Physics and Astronomy, computer.software_genre, computer
Published: 2009

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