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This paper presents and evaluates a continuous recording system designed for a low-cost seismic station. The architecture has three main blocks. An accelerometer sensor based on MEMS technology (Microelectromechanical Systems), an SBC platform (Single Board Computer) with embedded Linux and a microcontroller device. In particular, the microcontroller represents the central component which operates as an intermediate agent to manage the communication between the accelerometer and the SBC block. This strategy allows the system for data acquisition in real time. On the other hand, the SBC platform is used for storing and processing data as well as in order to configure the remote communication with the station. This proposal is intended as a robust solution for structural health monitoring (i.e. in order to characterize the response of an infrastructure before, during and after a seismic event). The paper details the communication scheme between the system components, which has been minutely designed to ensure the samples are collected without information loss. Furthermore, for the experimental evaluation the station was located in the facilities on a relevant infrastructure, specifically a hydroelectric dam. The system operation was compared and verified with respect to a certified accelerograph station. Results prove that the continuous recording system operates successfully and allows for detecting seismic events according to requirements of structural health applications (i.e. detects events with a frequency of vibration less than 100 Hz). Specifically, through the system implemented it was possible to characterize the effect of a seismic event of 4 MD reported by the regional seismology network and with epicenter located about 30 Km of the hydroelectric dam. Particularly, the vibration frequencies detected on the infrastructure are in the range of 13 Hz and 29 Hz. Regarding the station performance, results from experiments reveals an average CPU load of 51%, consequently the processes configured on the SBC platform do not involve an overload. Finally, the average energy consumption of the station is close to 2.4 W, therefore autonomy provided by the backup system is aroud of 10 hours.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivo El dolor miofascial pelvico cronico es una patologia con una elevada prevalencia, y de etiologia muy diversa, al igual que su tratamiento. No se ha establecido un protocolo de tratamiento, y hasta el momento, se recomienda un abordaje multidisciplinar. El objetivo es evaluar el efecto de un protocolo basado en 10 sesiones de tecnicas de induccion miofascial (TIM) en pacientes con dolor miofascial pelvico cronico (DMPC). Material y metodos Se realizo un estudio cuasi experimental (antes-despues), con una intervencion basada en TIM adaptadas a la localizacion del dolor de los pacientes. Se evaluo la intensidad del dolor mediante la escala visual analogica (EVA) y la calidad de vida, tanto fisica como mental, mediante el cuestionario de salud SF-12v2. Para valorar el efecto de las TIM, se compararon los resultados preintervencion-postintervencion mediante la prueba t de Student para datos apareados y el test no parametrico de Wilcoxon. Resultados Se incluyeron 50 pacientes en el estudio (27 mujeres y 23 hombres), con una edad media de 44,8 anos (desviacion estandar [DE] 12,1) y una duracion media de los sintomas de 58,3 meses (DE 60,5). El analisis por protocolo mostro que la intensidad del dolor disminuyo en 3,99 puntos al final de la intervencion y la calidad de vida mejoro en los sumatorios fisico y mental en 5,45 y 5,87 puntos, respectivamente (p Conclusiones En un grupo de pacientes con dolor miofascial pelvico cronico, las TIM parecen tener un efecto beneficioso significativo, reduciendo el dolor y mejorando la calidad de vida.

Eleven time series were carried out at one station in Estero de Punta Banda, from June 1987 to May 1988. The samples were taken during the day at spring and neap tides and the following variables were analysed: temperature, salinity, concentration of phosphates, nitrates, silicates and chlorophyll a. Two primary productivity experiments were conducted with the carbon-fourteen method for each sampling. The maximum temperature, 22.16ºC, occurred in summer and the minimum, 16.33ºC, in winter. Both the amplitude of variation and the chlorophyll a concentration were higher in summer. The average of the concentration of nitrates and phosphates of each sampling was very similar throughout the year, except in January due to a storm that caused mixing and homogenization in the water column of the bay, causing the concentration to increase during the flow of the tidal current in the Estero. Primary productivity was higher during the summer months, reaching values of up to 68.32 mgC/ms/h, and lower in autumn and winter with values of 3.57 mgC/m3/h. High assimilation ratio values are reported during neap tides.

The toxicity of the ixodicidal carbamates ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate (LQM 919), ethyl-4-chlorophenyl carbamate (LQM 996) and propoxur on Eisenia foetida adults was evaluated to estimate their ecotoxic potential. The earthworm mortality and weight loss produced by the three evaluated carbamates showed a concentration-dependent effect (p 0.0001) in the contact filter paper test (CFPT). In the artificial soil test (AST), mortality increased in relation to the exposure time (p 0.0001) and the concentration (p 0.01) of the carbamates. Only the earthworms exposed in the CFPT showed morphological alterations. According to the LC

espanolLa determinacion del volumen de sedimento almacenado en diques de retencion es de gran interes para el calculo de las tasas de erosion. En nuestro pais se han realizado muchas restauraciones hidrologicoforestales con el fin de frenar la degradacion que supone grandes perdidas de suelo y genera graves problemas como la colmatacion de embalses. Existen diferentes metodologias para calcular estos volumenes de sedimento y determinar las tasas de erosion en sus cuencas. El presente trabajo propone una nueva metodologia para la cubicacion del sedimento retenido en diques, basada en el uso del GPS centimetrico y programas informaticos de tratamiento de datos espaciales, y en la comparacion de los modelos digitales de terreno. La metodologia se aplica a una muestra de diez diques ejecutados en 1964 por la Confederacion Hidrografica del Duero. Tambien se calculan las tasas de erosion a partir del volumen de sedimento retenido y se comparan los resultados obtenidos con los que arroja el metodo geometrico del Prisma. Se puede concluir que el metodo propuesto es fiable y de gran precision. Los valores estimados superan hasta en un 20% de media a los obtenidos por el metodo geometrico del Prisma. La exactitud obtenida por el metodo propuesto tiene interes en futuros estudios y proyectos de restauraciones hidrologico-forestales. EnglishDetermining the volume of trapped sediment in retaining check dams is of great interest to estimate erosion rates. Many forest-hydrological restorations were carried out in our country to stop soil degradation because of great losses of soil, which generates serious problems such as reservoirs siltation. There are different methods to calculate the retained sediment volume and determine the erosion rates in their basins. The aim of this paper is to show a new method to determine the volume of retained sediment in check dams, based on the use of differential GPS, computer programs for spatial data processing, and comparing digital terrain models. The method is applied to a sample of ten check dams, which were built in 1964 by the Duero Hydrographic Agency. Erosion rates were also calculated based on the volume of retained sediment and the obtained results were compared with those obtained by means of the geometric Prism method. It can be concluded that the proposed method is reliable and highly accurate. The estimated values __are higher up to 20% on average than those obtained by means of the geometric Prism method. The accuracy of the proposed method is interesting for future researching and designing in forest-hydrological restorations.

En los últimos años han surgido series de dibujos animados con contenido matemático destinadas al público infantil en medios de entretenimiento. Cuentan con asesores especializados y esta cierta intencionalidad didáctica no es obstáculo para que esas matemáticas aparezcan entrelazadas de manera natural en la narrativa. En este artículo presentamos un análisis de las dos primeras temporadas de una de esas series, Peg+Gato, orientada a niños y niñas de 4-7 años de edad. Nos centramos en analizar el tratamiento que se hace de la magnitud longitud. Para ello, emplearemos herramientas teóricas del enfoque ontosemiótico del conocimiento y la instrucción matemáticos; en particular, su ontología de objetos primarios. De esta manera, en primer lugar, se identifican los tipos de situaciones-problema en torno a la longitud. Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis con más detalle para desgranar cuáles son los objetos primarios que emergen de los sistemas de prácticas que se articulan en torno a estas situaciones. Nuestros resultados muestran que en 11 de los 60 episodios hay situaciones en torno a la magnitud longitud. Estas situaciones suelen ser de comparación sin objetos intermedios o de medida con unidades objetales (antropométricas o arbitrarias). Como era de esperar, dada la edad del público objetivo, no hay apenas situaciones con unidades estándar. Por otro lado, gran parte de los objetos matemáticos aparecen de forma ostensiva, reforzando los conceptos fundamentales, hecho que puede deberse a su intencionalidad educativa. Entre las conclusiones destacamos la posibilidad didáctica de este recurso, que puede servir de enlace entre la educación formal e informal, así como establecer puentes entre las etapas de infantil y primaria. En los últimos años han surgido series de dibujos animados con contenido matemático destinadas al público infantil en medios de entretenimiento. Cuentan con asesores especializados y esta cierta intencionalidad didáctica no es obstáculo para que esas matemáticas aparezcan entrelazadas de manera natural en la narrativa. En este artículo presentamos un análisis de las dos primeras temporadas de una de esas series, Peg+Gato, orientada a niños y niñas de 4-7 años de edad. Nos centramos en analizar el tratamiento que se hace de la magnitud longitud. Para ello, emplearemos herramientas teóricas del enfoque ontosemiótico del conocimiento y la instrucción matemáticos; en particular, su ontología de objetos primarios. De esta manera, en primer lugar, se identifican los tipos de situaciones-problema en torno a la longitud. Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis con más detalle para desgranar cuáles son los objetos primarios que emergen de los sistemas de prácticas que se articulan en torno a estas situaciones. Nuestros resultados muestran que en 11 de los 60 episodios hay situaciones en torno a la magnitud longitud. Estas situaciones suelen ser de comparación sin objetos intermedios o de medida con unidades objetales (antropométricas o arbitrarias). Como era de esperar, dada la edad del público objetivo, no hay apenas situaciones con unidades estándar. Por otro lado, gran parte de los objetos matemáticos aparecen de forma ostensiva, reforzando los conceptos fundamentales, hecho que puede deberse a su intencionalidad educativa. Entre las conclusiones destacamos la posibilidad didáctica de este recurso, que puede servir de enlace entre la educación formal e informal, así como establecer puentes entre las etapas de infantil y primaria.

The road infrastructure represents a strategic area for the planification and development of urban and rural environments. In this context, essential facilities such as bridges are subject to damages mainly due to the daily load that represents the vehicular traffic, the environmental conditions and also due to the natural degradation of the structural elements. Therefore, it is fundamental performs a continuous evaluation about the state of an infrastructure. Following, this purpose, this paper presents an architecture for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) focused on bridges. The proposal solution involves the application of emerging technologies such as MEMS accelerometers, IoT devices and the deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network topology. Particularly, the architecture implemented consists of a set of ten sensor nodes which are management and synchronized by means of a central station. Furthermore, an additional node with capacity of capture and video recording was implemented Therefore, this last node provides to the system with a visual option for identifying the connection between the accelerations values and the vehicular traffic. In order to evaluated the system, the architecture was deployed along a bridge characterized by a heavy traffic load. Results on the scenario reveals the system allows for determining the main parameters related to state of the structure (i.e., acceleration values, load distribution and the fundamental frequencies of vibration). Consequently, the proposal architecture contributes significantly in the development of solutions focused in the analysis and early detection of damages on essentials structures or facilities.

In drylands, soil surfaces in interplant spaces are usually covered by biocrusts, which consist of communities of heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, mosses, lichens, microalgae, fungi and other organisms. Cyanobacteria are of special interest because of their capacity to promote biocrust succession or increase soil fertility and stability. Therefore, some studies have analyzed their communities in different ecosystems, focusing on how different factors, such as temperature or altitude, influence their composition. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, the relationship between ecosystem degradation and cyanobacterial community composition has not yet been studied in depth. This could be determinant for the successful development of tools for restoring degraded biocrusts by cyanobacterial inoculation. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the ecosystem degradation level on cyanobacteria composition from topsoil communities, where they are keystone pioneering organisms. To do this, we analyzed the cyanobacterial diversity by molecular sequencing (16S rRNA gene) of the DNA extracted from biocrusts at different developmental stages, which were collected from three ecosystems in southeastern Spain. The selected ecosystems represent different “land-condition” states as a result of degradation processes. In one of them soil was removed by mining (the Gador quarry), the second is a natural badland area (El Cautivo) where water erosion is intense, and the third ecosystem is a well-preserved area (Balsa Blanca). Our findings show that cyanobacterial richness decreases (up to 28 OTUs) as degradation increases and biocrust developmental stage decreases. Also, the relative abundances of most of the species were significantly correlated with the degradation state of the sampling site, either showing a positive or negative trend. Two of the species which increased in abundance with site degradation, and were especially abundant in incipient biocrusts, were Leptolyngbya frigida and Trichocoleus desertorum, while other species, also showing an increase in abundance with degradation, but having a higher relative abundance in most developed biocrusts, were Nostoc commune, Tolypothrix distorta and Scytonema sp. The significant correlation of these species with degradation at different biocrusts developmental stages, suggests an alternative developmental sequence for drylands, at least in more degraded ecosystems. In less degraded ones, the composition of the major cyanobacterial groups followed the common pattern of bundle-forming cyanobacteria (54.7%) pertaining to the Microcoleus genus followed by other non-heterocystous filamentous (17.4%), unicellular/colonial (7.5%) and heterocystous cyanobacteria (1.1%). In comparison, the cyanobacterial groups dominating the most incipient biocrusts, colonizing the most degraded soil, were the filamentous non-heterocystous (50.7%) and the bundleforming cyanobacteria (48.9%). Therefore, our results show that some cyanobacterial species, which do not belong to traditional pioneer genera, are frequent colonizers of degraded soils, and then, they could be potentially used for producing a more efficient inoculum for inducing biocrust formation and restoring degraded soils. Finally, it is also remarkable that L. frigida appears as dominant in some biocrusts from drylands (up to 74.9% of abundance) being therefore demonstrated its wide distribution in nonpolar biomes and its capacity to also inhabit degraded arid soils, This work was supported by the projects RESUCI (CGL 2014-59946-R), the project REBIOARID (RTI 2018-101921-B-I00), and the GL 2013-44870-R and GL 2017-6258-R projects, all of them founded by the Spanish National Plan for Research and the European Union ERDF funds

Resumen Introduccion La norma UNE 179003:2013 exige el cumplimiento de normas que permiten reducir los riesgos de los pacientes frente a eventos adversos. Metodos Presentamos el procedimiento elaborado para la certificacion en la norma UNE 179003:2010 del Bloque Quirurgico, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Anestesia y Unidad de Recuperacion Postanestesica (URPA) en base a un sistema de gestion de riesgos basado en el analisis proactivo mediante la realizacion de AMFE con la descripcion de causas, consecuencias, ponderacion del riesgo y medidas especificas que minimicen los riesgos. Ademas, presentamos el analisis de los eventos adversos declarados (analisis reactivo) en el sistema de notificacion SENSAR y las medidas implementadas durante 8 anos. Resultados Se ha obtenido la certificacion UNE 179003:2010 en julio del 2012 y la recertificacion en julio del 2015. Se han establecido 66 riesgos potenciales que se han ponderado a traves de un indice de probabilidad del riesgo (IPR) y se han implementado medidas que han permitido reducir dicho IPR a la mitad. Tambien se refleja el analisis de 1.114 eventos declarados en el sistema SENSAR durante los ultimos 8 anos que ha permitido la implantacion de 2.681 medidas, de las cuales el 98,4% estan completamente implantadas. Conclusion La aplicacion de la metodologia para la gestion del riesgo nos ha permitido en primer lugar mejorar la seguridad en nuestro ambito de actuacion reduciendo el riesgo al que estan sometidos nuestros pacientes y, en segundo lugar, la certificacion en la norma UNE 179003.

Introduction The UNE 179003:2013 standard requires compliance with protocols to reduce the risks of patients from adverse events. Methods A description is presented of the procedure used in the Hospital Povisa to achieve UNE 179003:2010 certification for the intensive care unit, surgical division, and post-anaesthesia recovery unit (PARU). This was based on a risk management system, focusing on pro-active analysis using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) with the description of causes, consequences, risk weighting, and specific risk-minimising measures. A description is also presented of the analysis of reported adverse events (reactive analysis) in the Safety in Anesthesia and Resuscitation (SENSAR) notification system and the measures implemented over an eight-year period. Results The UNE 179003:2010 certification was obtained in July 2012, and the re-certification was achieved in July 2015. A total of 66 potential risks were established, which were weighted using a risk probability index (RPI), and measures were implemented that reduced this RPI by half. It also reflects the analysis of 1114 events declared in the SENSAR system over the past eight years, allowing for the introduction of 2681 measures, of which 98.4% are fully implemented. Conclusion The application of the risk management methodology allowed (a) to improve safety in the area of action by reducing the risk to which the patients are subject, and (b) to gain certification in the UNE 179003 standard.

Cerebral vasospasm, one of the main complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by arterial constriction and mainly occurs from day 4 until the second week after the event. Urotensin-II (U-II) has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide in mammals. An analysis is made of the serum U-II concentrations and mRNA expression levels of U-II, urotensin related peptide (URP) and urotensin receptor (UT) genes in an experimental murine model of SAH.An experimental study was carried out.Experimental operating room of the Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (Seville, Spain).96 Wistar rats: 74 SAH and 22 sham intervention animals.Day 1: blood sampling, followed by the percutaneous injection of 100μl saline (sham) or blood (SAH) into the subarachnoid space. Day 5: blood sampling, followed by sacrifice of the animals.Weight, early mortality, serum U-II levels, mRNA values for U-II, URP and UT.Serum U-II levels increased in the SAH group from day 1 (0.62pg/mL [IQR 0.36-1.08]) to day 5 (0.74pg/mL [IQR 0.39-1.43]) (p0.05), though not in the sham group (0.56pg/mL [IQR 0.06-0.83] day 1; 0.37pg/mL [IQR 0.23-0.62] day 5; p=0.959). Between-group differences were found on day 5 (p0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the day 5 serum U-II levels (AUC=0.691), URP mRNA (AUC=0.706) and UT mRNA (AUC=0.713) could discriminate between sham and SAH rats. The normal serum U-II concentration range in rats was 0.56pg/mL (IQR 0.06-0.83).The urotensinergic system is upregulated on day 5 in an experimental model of SAH.

The expression patterns of some cytokines were compared by RT-qPCR between lambs with and without Taenia hydatigena larvae vesicular concentrate (ThLVC) administration and subsequent infection with Haemonchus contortus. Lambs that received ThLVC prior to infection with H. contortus showed lower (p 0.03) cumulative FEC (AUC = 18450 ± 3384) than infected lambs who did not receive ThLVC (AUC = 31081 ± 3277). Lambs infected with H. contortus, in general, overexpressed Th1 and Th2 cytokines in abomasal mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes, which seems to indicate a generalized and nonpolarized activation of the immune response by H. contortus. The main immunomodulatory effects of ThLVC were observed in the abomasal fundic region. The lambs that were given ThLVC prior to infection strongly overexpressed most of the studied cytokines representing the Th1 (IFNγ and IL2) and Th2 profiles (IL4, IL5, IL6 and IL10), proinflammatory cytokines (SOD1 and PRDX6) and IgE receptor; in contrast, lambs that were infected but did not receive ThLVC only moderately overexpressed IFNγ, IL4 and IL6. The absence of the significant overexpression of cytokines in lambs that only received ThLVC suggests that this derived from T. hydatigena does not have a stimulating effect per se; however, the presence of H. contortus did produce the highest expression (p 0.01) cytokine profile among lambs that received ThLVC prior to infection compared to those who did not receive it, so its effect seems to be immunomodulatory and not only immunostimulatory.

Las cláusulas contingentes dan respuesta a los problemas derivados de la asimetría de información entre las partes contratantes. Estos problemas se manifiestan ex ante y ex post. El principal problema ex ante es la selección adversa. Las cláusulas contingentes permiten facilitar el ajuste de precios y optimizar la contratación. Los efectos ex post están relacionados con el riesgo moral y con ellos la finalidad de la cláusula contingente es acomodar los pagos a la conducta posterior de las partes contratantes en la medida en que afecta al desarrollo del recurso contratado. La normativa contable internacional aborda la cuestión de los pagos variables con enfoques que a priori no son consistentes entre sí. Este trabajo profundiza en los conceptos subyacentes y aporta un enfoque consistente para una amplia y variada gama de transacciones donde se dan cita compensaciones contingentes.

Standard IEC 61400-21 specifies that background voltage distortion must be lower than the threshold limits specified in standards. However, this background distortion information is not used for calculating the real harmonic emission from the wind turbine leading to misleading voltage harmonics assessment from the wind turbine. In this paper a methodology for assessing the real harmonic emission from wind turbines is proposed based on current and voltage measurements where the background harmonic distortion at the Point of Common Coupling is considered.

The ability of ethyl-4-bromophenylcarbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenylcarbamate (LQM 996) to induce in vivo apoptosis of Rhipicephalus microplus ovarian cells and in vitro apoptosis of tick and mammalian cell culture was evaluated. The ovaries of engorged females treated with 1 mg mL-1 LQM 919 or LQM 996 presented more (p < 0.001) peroxidase-TUNEL-positive labeled cells (apoptotic cells) in situ than their respective control groups, and this increase was time-dependent (p < 0.001). The majority of apoptotic cells were observed in the epithelium and ovarian pedicel. HepG2, Vero and Rm-sus cells, as well as cells from primary cultures of R. microplus salivary glands, intestine and ovaries were exposed to different concentrations of the ethyl-carbamates. Both ethyl-carbamates induced a concentration-dependent reduction in the viability of all cell types (p < 0.001). Exposure to the ethyl-carbamates increased caspase 3 activity (p < 0.01) in primary cultures and cell lines, except in HepG2 cells. Fluorescent TUNEL-positive cells were observed in all cell types treated with 600 μM LQM 919 or LQM 996. These results indicate that both ethyl-carbamates induce apoptosis of the ovarian, intestinal and salivary glands cells in R. microplus and strongly suggest that this is their main mechanism of acaricidal action.

Las energías renovables son imprescindibles para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. En el ámbito agrario, los invernaderos suponen un gasto de energía elevado debido, principalmente, a un uso poco eficiente de la misma. Su tecnificación debe incluir estrategias de ahorro energético incluyendo sistemas pasivos para reducir el coste que supone la refrigeración y calefacción, así como estrategias de reducción de la huella de carbono. El invernadero objeto del estudio se sitúa en Madrid y, aunque cuenta con sistemas pasivos, son insuficientes para el fin para el que se utiliza -la producción de gerbera para flor cortada-. Este trabajo ha analizado los consumos para llevar a cabo el diseño de una instalación de suministro de energía fotovoltaica. De forma que se ha calculado el sistema completo para abastecimiento parcial de energía eléctrica, así como la propuesta de solución conjunta al elevado consumo energético actual en climatización, mediante la incorporación de una bomba de calor reversible. Con el objetivo del ahorro, tanto energético como de costes, por ello se estudiaron diferentes alternativas tras analizar los datos de consumo del cooling system y del calefactor. Se determinó que la mejor opción era una instalación conectada a la red eléctrica, dado el reciente cambio de normativa. La instalación de los paneles, se planteó en primera opción sobre la cubierta del invernadero, ya que está orientada al sur. Pero también se barajarán otras opciones que no afecten al desarrollo del cultivo. El sistema planteado resulta amortizable en pocos años, dependiendo del desarrollo final de la nueva normativa, reduciendo en cualquier caso la huella de carbono del invernadero.

The in vitro effect of progesterone in T. canis larvae on their enlargement and motility were evaluated, together to the possible presence of progesterone receptors (PRs). T. canis larvae were cultured in RPMI-1640 with different concentrations of progesterone (0, 20, 40, 80, 400 and 800 ng/mL). Enlargement and increases in motility were dependent on the concentration only from 0 to 80 ng/mL (p

ECRIS Network integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network., Exosome-derived miR-21 was independently associated with CD4 T cell decline in HIV-1-infected elite controllers (OR 0.369, 95% CI 0.137–0.994, p = 0.049). Also, a negative correlation between miR-21 expression and MCP-1 level was found (r = −0.649, p = 0.020), while no correlation between soluble biomarkers or cellular immune activation was found., This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and European Regional Development Fund, Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) with grant numbers RD16/0025/0001, RD12/0017/0031, RD16/0025/0013, and RD16/0002/0002. Research Grant Project, Spanish Health Research Fund (FIS, ISCIII) number PI14/00011. Miguel Servet Research Program, Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) CP14/00198 to NR. Spanish Health Research Fund (FIS, ISCIII) and IIS-FJD Intramural Research Scholarship co-funded grant number CP14/00198 to MG. Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) grant CD13/00013 to MAJS. Grant Research, Madrid Education, Youth and Sport Counseling number PEJ15/bio/tl-0064 to MJRL.

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York Dynamic strain ageing has been observed on straining a Mg-Y-Zn-Gd alloy in both the quenched and the annealed states, where long-period-structural-order phase and solution or precipitation of Gd is found. Deformation mechanisms are analysed in terms of solute diffusion to mobile dislocations, the role of excess vacancies and the presence of a Taylor dislocation network. In quenched material, the operation of multiple deformation modes leads to the creation of a three-dimensional (Taylor) dislocation network such that pipe diffusion along forest dislocations can readily lead to pinning of a moving dislocation. The many planar precipitates present in annealed material inhibit non-basal flow such that the Taylor dislocation network does not form and bulk diffusion of solute is required for flow serrations to appear., We would like to acknowledge financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science under Project Number MAT2009-07342.

Background: In a significant percentage of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, tumor tissue is unavailable or insufficient for genetic analyses. We prospectively analyzed if circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) purified from blood can be used as a surrogate in this setting to select patients for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Patients and methods: Blood samples were collected in 119 hospitals from 1138 advanced NSCLC patients at presentation (n = 1033) or at progression to EGFR-TKIs (n = 105) with no biopsy or insufficient tumor tissue. Serum and plasma were sent to a central laboratory, cfDNA purified and EGFR mutations analyzed and quantified using a real-time PCR assay. Response data from a subset of patients (n = 18) were retrospectively collected. Results: Of 1033 NSCLC patients at presentation, 1026 were assessable; with a prevalence of males and former or current smokers. Sensitizing mutations were found in the cfDNA of 113 patients (11%); with a majority of females, never smokers and exon 19 deletions. Thirty-one patients were positive only in plasma and 11 in serum alone and mutation load was higher in plasma and in cases with exon 19 deletions. More than 50% of samples had

Toxocara canis is the helminth causing Toxocariasis, a parasitic disease with medical and veterinary implications. Their final host are members of the family Canidae and as paratenic hosts, most of the mammals are sensitive (man, rat, mouse, among others). It has been reported that a pituitary hormone, prolactin, it is responsible for reactivation and migration of larvae to the uterus and mammary gland during the last third of gestation in bitches. In addition, this hormone has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. Thus, the aim of this study, was to evaluate the effect of hypophysectomy in the rat model of Toxocariasis, on the immune response against this parasite during a chronic infection, for which parasite loads were analyzed in different organs (lung and brain). Furthermore, serum specific antibody titers, and percentages of different cells of the immune system were also determined. The results showed a decrease in the number of larvae recovered from lung and brain in the hypophysectomized animals. In this same group of animals, there was no production of specific antibodies against the parasite. As for the percentages of the cells of the immune system, there are differences in some subpopulations due to surgery and others due to infection. Our results demonstrated that the lack of pituitary hormones alters parasite loads and the immune response to the helminth parasite Toxocara canis.

The present study assessed the capacity of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana to disseminate and transmit infective phases of T. canis to rats, which were used as a model paratenic host. P. americana and B. germanica inoculated orally with T. canis larvated eggs shed eggs and larvae in their fecal matter during the first 6days post-inoculation. Larvae were recovered from the brain, lungs, kidneys and liver of rats that had been inoculated with either infected cockroaches or their feces. ELISAs of serum detected an increase of antibodies anti-T. canis excretion-secretion antigens, whereas Western Blot (WB) showed 4 bands (120, 50, 35 and 28kDa) that were similar to those found in positive control rats. Macroscopically, the liver and kidneys of infected rats had hemorrhagic areas with milk-spot-like lesions. The lungs showed diffuse grey protuberances. Histologically, hemorrhagic areas with leucocytic infiltrate were observed in the liver, lungs and kidneys. Some larvae were found within a granuloma that was surrounded by eosinophils and other leucocytic infiltrates. Larvae were found in the brain, but without inflammatory infiltrate. Both cockroach species that ingested larvated eggs of T. canis may shed viable larvae or eggs in their fecal matter. The induction of specific serum antibodies, presence of larvae in tissues and characteristic lesions associated with larval migration in the organs of rats that had ingested either whole adults or feces of B. germanica or P. americana demonstrate the capacity of these cockroaches to transmit toxocariosis to paratenic hosts.

We evaluated the direct effects of progesterone on the morphology, maturation and behavior of Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro. The presence and location of possible progesterone receptors in these larvae were also determined. The addition of 8ng/mL of progesterone to larval cultures over 10days reduced larval enlargement, while the addition of 160ng/mL of the hormone increased the enlargement. Up to 62% and 65% of the H. contortus larvae molted from third-stage larvae (L3) to fourth-stage larvae (L4) when cultured in RPMI-1640 media without hormone for 5 and 10days, respectively. The addition of different progesterone concentrations (1, 8, 16, 80 and 160ng/mL) to the larval cultures significantly inhibited the molting process within the same periods. The addition of 8ng/mL or higher progesterone concentrations to the cultures significantly increased larval motility (p

The effects produced by the ethyl-carbamates: ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl carbamate (LQM 996) on the mortality and behavior of Apis mellifera were evaluated by the acute oral toxicity test and the acute contact toxicity test. The oral lethal dose, 50% of the ethyl-carbamates was >145.24 μg per bee, and the oral lethal dose, 50% of propoxur was 0.072 μg per bee. Therefore, according to the OECD criteria, the ethyl-carbamates were classified as relatively nontoxic orally; meanwhile, propoxur was classified as highly toxic orally. In the contact test, lethal concentrations 50% of the ethyl-carbamates were 4.83 and 2.23 μg/cm2 for LQM 919 and LQM 996, respectively; therefore, they were at least 10-fold less lethal (p

The purpose of this work was to contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of action of two new ixodicides. The histological and ultrastructural alterations of Rhipicephalus microplus oocytes (San Alfonso strain) treated with two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl carbamate) by the adult immersion test were evaluated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the carbamates on embryogenesis in eggs were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy using DAPI staining. Both ethyl-carbamates inhibited the maturation of most oocytes and induced a concentration-dependent decrease (r2 = 0.5, p

This study aims to describe some of the unknown pathological and parasitological traits of experimental feline gnathostomosis. Thirteen female cats were orally inoculated with 30 advanced third-stage Gnathostoma binucleatum larvae and were euthanized at various post-infection (p.i.) periods. Clinically, the cats presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and other nonspecific signs. None of the cats shed eggs in their fecal matter. One cat, euthanized at 6 months p.i., developed a fibrous vascular nodule 2–3 cm in diameter within its gastric wall. The nodule contained caverns filled with mucous and bloody fluid as well as a juvenile worm. The histological characteristics of the nodule were observed, and the morphology of the juvenile worm was revealed using scanning electron microscopy. Another cat, euthanized at 10 months p.i., was found to have a larva within its diaphragm. Infected cats developed increased antibody titers against antigens of G. binucleatum adults and larvae beginning in the first month p.i., and these titers were maintained until the end of the experiment, suggesting the presence of undetected migrating larvae. The low number of cats with parasites and poor development of the parasites found suggest that cats have a low susceptibility to infection by G. binucleatum and cast doubt on the importance of domestic cats in maintaining the biological cycle of this parasite in nature.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar si un modelo experimental de lesiones tipo masa (LM) transitoria en rata produce la liberacion precoz a sangre periferica de enolasa neuroespecifica (NSE) y proteina S100B como expresion del dano cerebral inducido. Diseno Estudio experimental con grupo control. Ambito Quirofano experimental del Instituto de Biomedicina (IBiS) del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio. Participantes Catorce ratas adultas Wistar. Intervenciones Se extrajo muestra sanguinea basal y posteriormente se realizo: grupo LM, a traves de un trepano, se inflo el globo de una sonda con 500 μL/20 s; posteriormente, se realizaron 4 extracciones sanguineas cada 20 min. Grupo control, se repitieron de forma sistematica todos los pasos salvo que no se realizo trepano. Variables de interes principal Peso, mortalidad precoz, concentracion en suero de NSE y S100B. Resultados Encontramos diferencias entre las concentraciones de NSE y S100B a lo largo del tiempo dentro del propio grupo LM (p Conclusiones Las concentraciones en suero de NSE y S100B reflejan de forma precoz el dano cerebral que acontece sobre la sustancia gris y blanca en un modelo experimental de LM en rata.

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with more than 2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2018. The TTR could be of use to objectively understand the clinical reality of lung cancer in Spain. Methods Observational cohort multicenter study performed in Spain. Enrollment took place between Aug’16 and Dec’18. Evaluation included a review of demographic data. Results 6600 patients in 56 Spanish hospitals were included. Median age at diagnosis was 64 in advanced disease and 65 in early-stage. The majority of patients presented with advanced, stage III (n = 1874, 28.4%) or IV (n = 3446, 52.2%) at diagnosis, independently of gender (63.1% in males; 70.6% in females). There was a higher number of patients with no comorbidities at diagnosis in advanced disease than in early-stage (63.4% vs. 36.6%, p Conclusions The RTT provides information on comorbidities, risk associations, personal and family history of cancer necessary for the knowledge of lung cancer in real life, which could even be useful when planning the analysis of national health policies. Clinical trial identification NCT02941458. Legal entity responsible for the study Spanish Lung Cancer Group. Funding Novartis, MSD, Lilly. Disclosure M. Provencio: Advisory / Consultancy: BMS; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: MSD; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

An aluminium matrix composite was prepared by mixing commercial aluminium powders and 15 vol % of FeAlCr powders and consolidation by hot extrusion. The extruded composite was subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature and at 150°C. The extruded composite presents a uniform distribution of particles although some defects are observed such as residual pores and particle agglomerates. The particle distribution does not show a significant change due to ECAP. The extruded composite exhibits a relatively fine grain size of the order of 1-2 μm that was refined to 550 nm after three ECAP passes at room temperature by route A and to 636 nm after four passes at 150°C by route Bc. The yield stress of the composites was increased by 140 to 180% after ECAP as compared with the extruded condition.

The effects produced by the new synthetic carbamates ethyl-(4-bromophenyl) carbamate and ethyl-(4-chlorophenyl) carbamate on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, egg structure and reproductive organs of two Rhipicephalus microplus strains were evaluated. Inhibition kinetic parameters showed that the studied carbamates are weak inhibitors and have a low affinity for R. microplus AChE. Histologically, in oocytes from carbamate-treated engorged female ticks, a loss of shape, cytoplasmic vacuoles, decreased chorion deposition, alterations in cytoplasmic granularity and irregular membranes were observed. In oocyte germinal vesicles, a loss of shape, nucleolar fragmentation and membrane alterations with degenerative signs were observed. The ovarian epithelium was vacuolated, flattened, eroded and contained pyknotic nuclei. These alterations were observed from the first day and persisted and increased in severity until day 7 post-treatment. The ovaries from carbamate-treated ticks had fewer stage IV-V oocytes and more stage I-II oocytes. Additionally, eggs produced by the treated ticks had a modified appearance, decreased size, a reduced superficial waxy layer and a loss of viability. The results of this study show that the effects of carbamates on R. microplus were independent of AChE inhibition and show that the morphological alterations in the reproductive organs were due to carbamate actions on the vitellogenesis and viability of the ovarian cells.

The effects of six new synthetic carbamates on fully engorged females of four Rhipicephalus microplus strains (one reference strain susceptible to conventional ixodicides, two strains multiresistant to ixodicides and one tick field isolate) were compared. In addition, the effect of two other new synthetic carbamates was tested on larvae from the same strains. The first six tested carbamates reduced egg laying and inhibited egg hatching in the four studied strains (P

The effects of human urotensin II (hUII) on the vascular tone of different animal species has been studied extensively. However, little has been reported on the vasoactive effects of rat urotensin (rUII) in murine models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rUII on vasoreactivity in rat basilar arteries. Basilar arteries from adult male Wistar rats (300-350 g) were isolated, cut in rings, and mounted on a small vessel myograph to measure isometric tension. rUII concentrations were studied in both resting and depolarized state. To remove endothelial nitric oxide effects from the rUII response, we treated selected arterial rings with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). 10 μM rUII produced a potent vasoconstrictor response in rat basilar arteries with intact endothelium, while isometric forces remained unaffected in arterial rings treated with lower rUII concentrations. Although L-NAME did not have a significant effect on 10 μM rUII-evoked contraction, it slightly increased arterial ring contraction elicited by 1 μM rUII. In depolarized arteries, dose-dependent rUII increased depolarization-induced contractions. This effect was suppressed by L-NAME. Our results show that the rat basilar artery has a vasoconstrictor response to rUII. The most potent vasoconstrictor effect was produced by lower doses of rUII (0.1 and 1 μM) in depolarized arteries with intact endothelium. This effect could facilitate arterial vasospasm in vascular pathophysiological processes such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and hypertension, when sustained depolarization and L-type Ca(2+) channel activation are present.

The effect of carbamates on engorged female Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and larvae was evaluated using the adult immersion test (AIT) and the larval packet test (LPT), respectively. Seventeen synthetic carbamates different from current commercial acaricides were synthesised at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. None of the carbamates had an effect on the percentage of females laying eggs. Six of the compounds inhibited egg laying up to 65.4% and inhibited egg hatching by up to 100% (p0.05). Compared to untreated females, eggs produced by treated females had a dark, dry, opaque appearance and were less adherent. Carbamates LQM 934 and LQM 938 had an effect on larval mortality (p0.05). Carbamate LQM 934 showed lethal concentrations (LC) of LC90=0.76% and LC99=0.87%, while LQM 938 showed concentrations of LC90=0.267% and LC99=0.305%. The compounds were distributed into three classes of acaricidal activity using the AIT or the LPT. These three classes were as follows: (1) compounds having no apparent effect; (2) compounds that inhibit egg laying and embryo development or (3) compounds that exhibit acaricidal activity to larval ticks.

This paper examines the known immunological and genetic factors associated with sheep resistance to infection byHaemonchus contortus. Such resistance is an inheritable genetic trait (h2, 0.22–0.63) associated with certain sheep breeds. Resistant sheep do not completely reject the disease; they only harbor fewer parasites than susceptible sheep and therefore have a lower fecal egg count. Protective immune response to haemonchosis is an expression of genetic resistance. Genes associated with resistance and susceptibility are described. Genetically resistant sheep have nonspecific mechanisms that block the initial colonization byHaemonchus contortuslarvae. These sheep also have an efficacious Th2 type response (e.g., increases in blood and tissue eosinophils, specific IgE class antibodies, mast cells, IL-5, IL-13, and TNFα) that protects them against the infection; in contrast, susceptible sheep do not efficiently establish this type of immune response. Finally, the main reported antigens ofH. contortuswere reviewed.