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1. Risk for Transportation of Coronavirus Disease from Wuhan to Other Cities in China

Author: Zhanwei Du, Xianwen Wang, Benjamin J. Cowling, Xiaoke Xu, Simon Cauchemez, Lin Wang, Lauren Ancel Meyers, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dalian Minzu University, Dalian University of Technology, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Santa Fe Institute, We acknowledge the financial support from National Institutes of Health (grant no. U01 GM087719), the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), European Union V.E.O project, the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Land and Resources (grant no. KF-2019-04-034), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 61773091)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Wang, Lin [0000-0002-5371-2138], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Risk for Transportation of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease from Wuhan to Other Cities in China, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, Epidemiology, coronavirus, lcsh:Medicine, Transportation, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Risk Assessment, Disease Outbreaks, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Pandemic, MESH: COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Socioeconomics, Coronavirus, MESH: China, 3. Good health, Geography, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Stochastic Processes, 2019-nCoV, Quarantine, MESH: Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Risk assessment, MESH: Quarantine, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Wuhan, MESH: Forecasting, Microbiology (medical), China, MESH: Pandemics, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, 030231 tropical medicine, Risk Assessment, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 2019 novel coronavirus disease, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Research Letter, medicine, MESH: Cities, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Cities, Pandemics, Stochastic Processes, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, outbreak, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Transportation, lcsh:R, importation, Outbreak, COVID-19, Metropolitan area, MESH: Pneumonia, Viral, MESH: Models, Statistical, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; On January 23, 2020, China quarantined Wuhan to contain coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We estimated the probability of transportation of COVID-19 from Wuhan to 369 other cities in China before the quarantine. Expected COVID-19 risk is >50% in 130 (95% CI 89-190) cities and >99% in the 4 largest metropolitan areas.
Published: 2020
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2. Taking globally consistent health impact projections to the next level

Author: Richard Paul, Veronika Huber, Kathryn Bowen, Joacim Rocklöv, Umeå University, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), University of Melbourne, Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and The work was partly funded by the Swedish Research Council FORMAS project ARBOPREVENT (grant agreement 2018-05973), and the ISIpediaproject funded through the ERA4CS with the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant agreement2017-01742) and the Spanish Ministry ofEconomy, Industry and Competitiveness—State Bureau of Investigation (grant agreement no PCIN-2017-046).
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, Health (social science), Climate Change, Health impact, Population, Medicine (miscellaneous), Climate change, Greenhouse Gases, Human health, Humans, GE1-350, MESH: Greenhouse Gases, education, Environmental planning, Research evidence, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, Health Policy, MESH: Climate Change, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Miljövetenskap, Variety (cybernetics), Environmental sciences, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Greenhouse gas, Environmental Sciences, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Despite intensive research activity within the area of climate change, substantial knowledge gaps still remain regarding the potential future impacts of climate change on human health. A key shortcoming in the scientific understanding of these impacts is the lack of studies that are conducted in a coordinated and consistent fashion, producing directly comparable outputs. This Viewpoint discusses and exemplifies a bottom-up initiative generating new research evidence in a more coordinated and consistent way compared with previous efforts. It describes one of the largest model comparisons of projected health impacts due to climate change, so far. Yet, the included studies constitute only a selection of health impacts in a variety of geographical locations, and are therefore not a comprehensive assessment of all possible impact pathways and potential consequences. The new findings of these studies shed light on the complex and multidirectional impacts of climate change on health, where impacts can be both adverse or beneficial. However, the adverse impacts dominate overall, especially in the scenarios with more greenhouse gas forcing. Overall, the future population at risk of disease and incidence rates are predicted to increase substantially, but in a highly location-specific and disease-specific fashion. Greenhouse gas emission mitigation can substantially reduce risk and resultant morbidity and mortality. The potential positive impact of adaptation has not been included in the models applied, and thus remains a major source of uncertainty. This bottom-up initiative lays out a research strategy that brings more meaningful research outputs and calls for greater coordination of research initiatives across the health community.
Published: 2021

3. Human biomonitoring in health risk assessment in Europe: Current practices and recommendations for the future

Author: Louro, Henriqueta, Heinälä, Milla, Bessems, Jos, Buekers, Jurgen, Vermeire, Theo, Woutersen, Marjolijn, van Engelen, Jacqueline, Borges, Teresa, Rousselle, Christophe, Ougier, Eva, Alvito, Paula, Martins, Carla, Assunção, Ricardo, Silva, Maria João, Pronk, Anjoeka, Schaddelee-Scholten, Bernice, Del Carmen Gonzalez, Maria, de Alba, Mercedes, Castaño, Argelia, Viegas, Susana, Humar-Juric, Tatjana, Kononenko, Lijana, Lampen, Alfonso, Vinggaard, Anne Marie, Schoeters, Greet, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Santonen, Tiina, Silva, Maria, Vinggaard, Anne, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health of Helsinki, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centro de Estudos do Ambiante e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Chemicals Office of the Republic of Slovenia, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment [Berlin] (BfR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), European Project: 733032,H2020,HBM4EU(2017), European Union, and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Subjects: HBM4EU, 010501 environmental sciences, MESH: Risk Assessment, 01 natural sciences, Internal exposure, Occupational safety and health, MESH: World Health Organization, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomonitoring, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk assessment, education.field_of_study, 3. Good health, Risk regulation, Europe, Human biomonitoring, MESH: Environmental Pollutants, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Environmental Pollutants, Public Health, Chemicals, Biological Monitoring, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, MESH: Environmental Exposure, ChemicalsInternal exposure, World Health Organization, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, Health risk assessment, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, Food safety, Segurança Alimentar, 13. Climate action, MESH: Biological Monitoring, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Genotoxicidade Ambiental, business, Forecasting
Abstract: Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an important tool to survey the internal exposure of humans which represents the real life chemical body burden to chemicals and/or their metabolites. It results from total exposure to chemical substances from different sources and via different routes. These substances may be regulated under different legislative frameworks on chemicals (e.g., environmental, occupational, food safety etc). In occupational health, HBM has long traditions to control the exposures at workplaces. By providing accurate data on internal exposure, HBM data can improve human health risk assessment (RA) for both the general population and workers. Although the past few years have shown good examples on the use of HBM in the RA of chemicals, there is still quite some work to be done to improve its use in a regulatory RA. Under the scope of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (project HBM4EU, 2017-2021), the current study reviews the state-of-the-art of HBM use in chemicals RA with a special focus in Europe, and attempts to identify hurdles and challenges faced by regulators. To gather information on the use of HBM, including the availability of guidance on how to use it in RA, the RA schemes applied by different European or international organizations were analysed. Examples of such use were identified for a few selected groups of chemicals of concern for human health. In addition, we present the results of a survey, aimed at collecting information from national regulatory risk assessors on their day-to-day RA practices, the use of HBM data, and the obstacles and challenges related to their use. The results evidenced and explained some of the current obstacles of using HBM data in RA. These included the lack of HBM guidance values or biomonitoring equivalents (BEs), limited toxicokinetic information to support the interpretation of HBM data and, in the occupational health and safety (OSH) field, the lack of legal enforcement. Therefore, to support the integration of HBM in regulatory RA, we recommend, on one hand, the elaboration of a EU level guidance on the use of HBM in RA and, on the other hand, the continuation of research efforts to integrate HBM with new RA approaches using in vitro/in silico data and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 733032 HBM4EU, and received co-funding from the author's organizations. The authors thank to all other participants that contributed to this work. Sí
Published: 2019

4. Prospective association between a dietary quality index based on a nutrient profiling system and cardiovascular disease risk

Author: Léopold Fezeu, Mehdi Menai, Mélanie Deschasaux, Serge Hercberg, Solia Adriouch, Caroline Méjean, Sandrine Péneau, Mathilde Touvier, Mathilde Donnenfeld, Chantal Julia, Pauline Ducrot, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Hôpital avicenne, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Avicenne-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, and Hôpital Avicenne-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Index (economics), Epidemiology, Population impact, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Diet Records, Medicine, MESH: Double-Blind Method, Prospective Studies, MESH: Incidence, Prospective cohort study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: France/epidemiology, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Forecasting, Follow up studies, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Diet Records, MESH: Nutritional Status, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, Diet quality, Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH: Nutritive Value, Female, France, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Nutritive Value, FSA-NPS, prospective study, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Life Style, Nutritional Status, MESH: Survival Rate/trends, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control, Food Preferences, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Environmental health, Humans, MESH: Food Preferences, Life Style, Nutrient profiling, nutrition policy, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, MESH: Humans, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Cardiovascular risk, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, Diet, Surgery, MESH: Diet/standards, Disease risk, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Nutrition Policy, business, nutrient profiling system, MESH: Female, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting
Abstract: Public health strategies are essential to guide consumers' choices and produce a substantial population impact on cardiovascular disease risk prevention through nutrition. Our aim was to investigate the prospective association between the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system dietary index (FSA-NPS DI) and cardiovascular disease risk. The FSA-NPS has been proposed to serve as a basis for a five-colour nutrition label suggested in France to be put on the front of pack of food products.A total of 6515 participants to the SU.VI.MAX cohort (1994-2007), who completed at least six 24-hour dietary records during the first two years of the study, were followed for a median of 12.4 years (25th-75th percentiles: 11.0-12.6). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterise the associations between FSA-NPS DI (continuous and sex-specific quartiles) and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Interactions with individual characteristics were tested; 181 major cardiovascular events were reported (59 myocardial infarctions, 43 strokes, 79 anginas). A higher FSA-NPS DI, characterising poorer food choices, was associated with an overall increase in cardiovascular disease risk (HRfor a 1-point increment = 1.14 (1.03-1.27); HRQ4vs.Q1 = 1.61 (1.05-2.47), Ptrend Q4-Q1 = 0.03). This association tended to be stronger in smokers (HRfor a 1-point increment = 1.39 (1.11-1.73); Pinteraction = 0.01) and those less physically active (HRfor a 1-point increment = 1.26 (1.08-1.46); Pinteraction = 0.04).Our results suggest that poorer food choices, as reflected by a higher FSA-NPS DI, may be associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk, especially in at-risk individuals (smokers and physically inactive persons). This score could be a useful tool for public health prevention strategies.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00272428.
Published: 2016

5. Introduction. Advances and future directions in brain mapping in neurosurgery

Author: Hugues Duffau, Eric C. Leuthardt, Mitchel S. Berger, Alexandra J. Golby, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Neurochirurgie [Hôpital Gui de Chauliac], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), and University of California
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Optical Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MEDLINE, MESH: Neurosurgical Procedures, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, General Medicine, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Electroencephalography, Medicine, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Surgery, Medical physics, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Neurosurgeons have been directly involved with brain mapping efforts for well over a century. Direct access to the functioning human brain during surgery for intrinsic brain tumors, epilepsy, and functional neurosurgical procedures both requires individual functional brain mapping and presents an opportunity to precisely map human brain function. Several papers in this issue of Neurosurgical Focus extend our current understanding of cerebral organization with detailed examination of specific regions. Others introduce new technical nuances for intraoperative brain mapping. A third group of papers focuses on noninvasive brain mapping techniques that have emerged and been refined over the last several years.
Published: 2020

6. Current and future distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Author: Johannes Charlier, Ward Bryssinckx, Valérie De Waele, Frédéric Simard, Evans Buliva, Abdulhafid Hussain, Nhu Nguyen Tran Minh, Muhammad Mukhtar, David Roiz, Nabil Haddad, Ali Bouattour, Guy Hendrickx, Els Ducheyne, Osama Mahmoud, Mamunur Rahman Malik, Avia-GIS [Zoersel], WHO - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean [Cairo, Egypt] (EMRO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Université Libanaise, Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ministry of Health Oman, Directorate of Malaria Control [Islamabad] (DoMC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Health and Human Services [Somalia], Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), This work was supported by the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. The work was supported partially by the project InvaCosts (ANR-14-CE02-0021-01). Field work in Lebanon was supported by the WHO National Bureau (LEB1409860)., We thank the numerous entomologists and health officers of the EMR who shared data with the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Ms. Barwa and Dr. Zayed are gratefully acknowledged for their technical assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable input of the anonymous reviewers on the first version of this paper., ANR-14-CE02-0021,InvaCosts,Insectes envahissants et leurs couts pour la biodiversité, l'économie et la santé humaine(2014), and Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean [Cairo] (EMRO)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Species distribution, Distribution (economics), Geographic Mapping, Distribution, medicine.disease_cause, Population density, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, MESH: Yellow Fever/diagnosis, Dengue fever, Dengue, MESH: Aedes, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes aegypti, Aedes, MESH: Animals, Chikungunya, MESH: Dengue/diagnosis, Surveillance, biology, Mediterranean Region, Aedes albopictus, Geography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Yellow Fever/epidemiology, lcsh:R858-859.7, Yellow fever, Cartography, MESH: Forecasting, General Computer Science, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Dengue/epidemiology, Mosquito Vectors, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, World Health Organization, MESH: Mediterranean Region/epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Zika, MESH: World Health Organization, Species Specificity, MESH: Geographic Mapping, Yellow Fever, medicine, MESH: Species Specificity, Animals, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, General Business, Management and Accounting, Spatial model, 030104 developmental biology, Culicidae, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Culicidae, Forecasting
Abstract: Background Aedes-borne diseases as dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever are an emerging problem worldwide, being transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Lack of up to date information about the distribution of Aedes species hampers surveillance and control. Global databases have been compiled but these did not capture data in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and any models built using these datasets fail to identify highly suitable areas where one or both species may occur. The first objective of this study was therefore to update the existing Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1895) compendia and the second objective was to generate species distribution models targeted to the EMR. A final objective was to engage the WHO points of contacts within the region to provide feedback and hence validate all model outputs. Methods The Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus compendia provided by Kraemer et al. (Sci Data 2:150035, 2015; Dryad Digit Repos, 2015) were used as starting points. These datasets were extended with more recent species and disease data. In the next step, these sets were filtered using the Köppen–Geiger classification and the Mahalanobis distance. The occurrence data were supplemented with pseudo-absence data as input to Random Forests. The resulting suitability and maximum risk of establishment maps were combined into hard-classified maps per country for expert validation. Results The EMR datasets consisted of 1995 presence locations for Ae. aegypti and 2868 presence locations for Ae. albopictus. The resulting suitability maps indicated that there exist areas with high suitability and/or maximum risk of establishment for these disease vectors in contrast with previous model output. Precipitation and host availability, expressed as population density and night-time lights, were the most important variables for Ae. aegypti. Host availability was the most important predictor in case of Ae. albopictus. Internal validation was assessed geographically. External validation showed high agreement between the predicted maps and the experts’ extensive knowledge of the terrain. Conclusion Maps of distribution and maximum risk of establishment were created for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for the WHO EMR. These region-specific maps highlighted data gaps and these gaps will be filled using targeted monitoring and surveillance. This will increase the awareness and preparedness of the different countries for Aedes borne diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12942-018-0125-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

7. Analysing trends and forecasting malaria epidemics in Madagascar using a sentinel surveillance network: a web‑based application

Author: Florian Girond, Vincent Herbreteau, Sixte Zigiumugabe, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Judith Hedje, Lea Randriamampionona, Patrice Piola, Laurence Randrianasolo, Télesphore Yao Brou, Morgan Mangeas, Christophe Rogier, Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Polytechnic of Namibia [Windhoek], Ministère de la Santé Publique [Antananarivo, Madagascar], U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative [Antananarivo] (PMI), U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Atlanta, GA,], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Biomedical Research of the French Armed Forces (IRBA), This research was supported by the USAID (Grant No. AID-687-G-13-00003). We thank administration authorities and health authorities from the Ministry of Health, the National Malaria Control Program and the President’s Malaria Initiative. We especially thank all the sentinel surveillance team of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ministère de la Santé Publique - Ministry of Public Health [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Solofoharivelo, Marie Chrystine, and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)
Subjects: Male, Veterinary medicine, MESH: Text Messaging, Indoor residual spraying, MESH: Madagascar, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Child, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Internet, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, MESH: Sentinel Surveillance, Female, Adult, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Short Message Service, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Software, parasitic diseases, Madagascar, Humans, Web application, Epidemics, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Epidemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, Internet, Text Messaging, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, Public health, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, Data science, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Malaria, Mews, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Early warning system, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Female, Software, Forecasting
Abstract: Background : The use of a malaria early warning system (MEWS) to trigger prompt public health interventions is a key step in adding value to the epidemiological data routinely collected by sentinel surveillance systems. Methods : This study describes a system using various epidemic thresholds and a forecasting component with the support of new technologies to improve the performance of a sentinel MEWS. Malaria-related data from 21 sentinel sites collected by Short Message Service are automatically analysed to detect malaria trends and malaria outbreak alerts with automated feedback reports. Results : Roll Back Malaria partners can, through a user-friendly web-based tool, visualize potential outbreaks and generate a forecasting model. The system already demonstrated its ability to detect malaria outbreaks in Madagascar in 2014. Conclusion : This approach aims to maximize the usefulness of a sentinel surveillance system to predict and detect epidemics in limited-resource environments.
Published: 2017

8. Forecasting changes in population genetic structure of Alpine plants in response to global warming

Author: Jay, Flora, Manel, Stéphanie, Alvarez, Nadir, Durand, Eric Y, Thuiller, Wilfried, Holderegger, Rolf, Taberlet, Pierre, François, Olivier, Biologie Computationnelle et Mathématique (TIMC-IMAG-BCM), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'Entomologie Evolutive, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genotype, Models, Genetic, Altitude, Population Dynamics, Temperature, MESH: Plants, MESH: Genetics, Population, MESH: Global Warming, Plants, MESH: Population Dynamics, MESH: Altitude, Adaptation, Physiological, Global Warming, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, MESH: Temperature, MESH: Genotype, Genetics, Population, MESH: Models, Genetic, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Species range shifts in response to climate and land use change are commonly forecasted with species distribution models based on species occurrence or abundance data. Although appealing, these models ignore the genetic structure of species, and the fact that different populations might respond in different ways because of adaptation to their environment. Here, we introduced ancestry distribution models, that is, statistical models of the spatial distribution of ancestry proportions, for forecasting intra-specific changes based on genetic admixture instead of species occurrence data. Using multi-locus genotypes and extensive geographic coverage of distribution data across the European Alps, we applied this approach to 20 alpine plant species considering a global increase in temperature from 0.25 to 4 °C. We forecasted the magnitudes of displacement of contact zones between plant populations potentially adapted to warmer environments and other populations. While a global trend of movement in a north-east direction was predicted, the magnitude of displacement was species-specific. For a temperature increase of 2 °C, contact zones were predicted to move by 92 km on average (minimum of 5 km, maximum of 212 km) and by 188 km for an increase of 4 °C (minimum of 11 km, maximum of 393 km). Intra-specific turnover-measuring the extent of change in global population genetic structure-was generally found to be moderate for 2 °C of temperature warming. For 4 °C of warming, however, the models indicated substantial intra-specific turnover for ten species. These results illustrate that, in spite of unavoidable simplifications, ancestry distribution models open new perspectives to forecast population genetic changes within species and complement more traditional distribution-based approaches.
Published: 2012
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9. Work and family demands: predictors of all-cause sickness absence in the GAZEL cohort

Author: Marie Zins, Lisa F. Berkman, Erika L. Sabbath, Marcel Goldberg, Maria Melchior, Department of Society, Human Development and Healt, Harvard School of Public Health, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, The GAZEL Cohort Study was funded by EDF-GDF and the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), and received grants from the 'Cohortes Sante' TGIR Program', Agence nationale de la recherche' (ANR) and Agence franc¸aise de se'curite' sanitaire de l'environnement et du travail (AFSSET).' M.M. is the recipient of a Young Researcher Award from the ANR. The authors would also like to express their thanks to the Work, Family and Health Network (NIA 5U01AG027669-05)., Schmaus, Annie, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, MESH: Family Relations, Rate ratio, absenteeism, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, work-family conflic, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Cohort Studies, Sickness absence, MESH: Middle Aged, family demands, MESH: Employment, 05 social sciences, MESH: Sick Leave, Middle Aged, Sickness Absence, 8. Economic growth, Cohort, Sick leave, Absenteeism, Female, Family Relations, France, Sick Leave, Cohort study, MESH: Forecasting, Adult, Employment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0502 economics and business, Humans, job strain, MESH: Humans, Job strain, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, 050203 business & management, All cause mortality, Forecasting, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of combined work and family demands on all-cause sickness absence and to examine variation in this relationship by occupational grade and gender. METHODS: The study sample consists of 13,179 employees of Electricité de France-Gaz de France (EDF-GDF) who were members of the GAZEL occupational cohort in 1995. Combined work and family demands are assessed based on measures of job strain and number of dependants assessed at baseline (1995). Covariates include occupational grade and demographic, behavioural and social variables assessed at baseline. Ratios of sickness absence days to total person-days contributed by each employee were established from administrative data between baseline and the end of follow-up in 2003. Rate ratios across levels of work-family demands were then calculated. Effect modification by gender and grade of employment was tested. RESULTS: In fully adjusted models, individuals with the highest work-family demands had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.78 (95% CI 1.47-2.14) compared with low-demand workers. This association was independent of occupational grade and did not vary with gender. Results were not attributable solely to psychiatric sickness absences. CONCLUSION: High work-family demands at baseline predict long-term all-cause sickness absence across a socio-economically diverse occupational cohort.
Published: 2011

10. Une nouvelle ère pour la génétique du rat

Author: Michel Cohen-Tannoudji, Jean-Louis Guénet, Génétique Fonctionnelle de la Souris, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Rats, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MESH: Animals, Genetically Modified, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Endonucleases, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH: Zinc Fingers, MESH: Animals, MESH: Mice, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Gene Knockout Techniques, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: DNA Repair, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Genomics, MESH: DNA, MESH: Rats, Wistar, General Medicine, MESH: Genetic Techniques, MESH: Pluripotent Stem Cells, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Cells, Cultured
Abstract: Le rat et la souris sont, depuis deja longtemps, des modeles de choix pour l’etude de la biologie des mammiferes : faciles d’entretien, ils offrent aussi toute une panoplie de lignees genetiquement pures et de mutants bien caracterises. Bien que longtemps prefere a la souris en raison de sa taille et de sa physiologie, le rat a progressivement ete delaisse au profit de la souris, espece chez laquelle les techniques de mutagenese dirigee alimentent depuis plus de vingt ans le repertoire des modeles d’etudes. Aujourd’hui, deux avancees techniques devraient changer la donne : l’utilisation de nucleases artificielles a doigts de zinc pour inactiver un gene d’interet des les premiers stades du developpement et la derivation et la manipulation genetique de cellules ES (embryonic stem cells ) de rat. Nul doute que les annees qui viennent verront se multiplier les modeles de maladies humaines etablies chez le rat.
Published: 2011

11. Prediction, Assessment of the Rift Valley Fever Activity in East and Southern Africa 2006–2008 and Possible Vector Control Strategies

Author: Patrick Nguku, Allen W. Hightower, Robert Swanepoel, Seth C. Britch, Jennifer Small, David Schnabel, Mohamed A. Mohamed, Mark D. Latham, Robert F. Breiman, Stephane de La Rocque, Salih Osman Magdi, Jean-Paul Chretien, Pierre Formenty, Jean-Marc Reynes, Edwin W. Pak, Henry B. Lewandowski, Compton J. Tucker, Kenneth J. Linthicum, Assaf Anyamba, Rosemary Sang, Karl A. Haagsma, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, EMPRES/Animal Production and Health Division (AGAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Alert and Response Department (HSE/GAR), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Kenya Medical Research Unit (KEMRI-CDC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, United States Army Medical Research Directorate [Kenya] (USAMRD-K), 757th Airlift Squadron, Youngstown Air Reserve Station, Manatee County Mosquito Control, Chatham County Mosquito Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Kenya Medical Research Unit, and National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD)
Subjects: Rift Valley Fever, Climate, Rain, MESH: Satellite Communications, MESH: Risk Assessment, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, MESH: Rift Valley Fever, MESH: Animals, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Rift Valley fever, 0303 health sciences, Temperature, Articles, MESH: Aedes, Vegetation, Africa, Eastern, Satellite Communications, MESH: Climate, MESH: Temperature, Culex, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Habitat, Animals, Domestic, Livestock, MESH: Forecasting, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Culex, MESH: Insect Vectors, Risk Assessment, Africa, Southern, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Domestic, Epizootic, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Africa, Eastern, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Outbreak, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, El Niño, 13. Climate action, Vector (epidemiology), MESH: Rain, Parasitology, MESH: Africa, Southern, Physical geography, business, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Historical outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) since the early 1950s have been associated with cyclical patterns of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which results in elevated and widespread rainfall over the RVF endemic areas of Africa. Using satellite measurements of global and regional elevated sea surface temperatures, elevated rainfall, and satellite derived-normalized difference vegetation index data, we predicted with lead times of 2-4 months areas where outbreaks of RVF in humans and animals were expected and occurred in the Horn of Africa, Sudan, and Southern Africa at different time periods from September 2006 to March 2008. Predictions were confirmed by entomological field investigations of virus activity and by reported cases of RVF in human and livestock populations. This represents the first series of prospective predictions of RVF outbreaks and provides a baseline for improved early warning, control, response planning, and mitigation into the future.
Published: 2010

12. Response Rates

Author: Xavier Pivot, Cristian Villanueva, Fernando Bazan, Antoine Thierry-Vuillemin, Service d'Oncologie Médicale [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Saas, Philippe
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Remission Induction, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Phase iii trials, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Antineoplastic Agents, World Health Organization, MESH: World Health Organization, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Practice Guidelines as Topic, Neoplasms, Humans, Medicine, MESH: Neoplasms, MESH: Treatment Outcome, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Remission Induction, SIGNAL (programming language), Tumor shrinkage, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, Response assessment, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Risk analysis (engineering), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, MESH: Antineoplastic Agents, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Metric (unit), business, MESH: Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; A main criterion to identify activity in phase II studies is the response rates achieved in a well-defined subset of patients. The response could be defined as a measure of tumor shrinkage. For 30 years, metric methods have been used to assess this response. The World Health Organization was the first organization to propose a unified definition for response status. Over time, the latter evolved and 10 years ago an international consensus panel proposed the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Although these guidelines for response assessment have limitations and biases, they have nevertheless been proven useful and advantageous. This article reviews those criteria and describes their use.
Published: 2009

13. Can renal mass biopsy assessment of tumor grade be safely substituted for by a predictive model?

Author: Jacques Tostain, Paul Perrotte, Walter Artibani, Daniel Liberman, Eric Lechevallier, Alexandre de la Taille, Giovanni Lughezzani, Maxine Sun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Vincenzo Ficarra, Antoine Valeri, Jean Luc Descotes, Peter F.A. Mulders, Claudio Jeldres, Arnaud Mejean, Jean Jacques Patard, Luca Cindolo, Richard Zigeuner, De Villemeur, Hervé, Department of Urology, University of Montreal, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcome Unit, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of urology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Service d'urologie, and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
Subjects: Nephrology, medicine.medical_treatment, renal biopsy, renal cell carcinoma, Aetiology, screening and detection [ONCOL 5], carcinoma, Nephrectomy, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, MESH: Biopsy, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Renal cell carcinoma, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Univariate analysis, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, kidney, renal cell, statistical, models, biopsy, Europe, MESH: Neoplasm Staging, MESH: Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Middle Aged, Kidney Neoplasms, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Young Adult, Adult, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Urology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Young Adult, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Translational research [ONCOL 3], Internal medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, MESH: Adolescent, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, Nomogram, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Surgery, MESH: Nephrectomy, MESH: Kidney Neoplasms, business, MESH: Models, Statistical, Forecasting, Kidney disease
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: Fuhrman grade represents a key determinant of the natural history of small renal masses that represent renal cell carcinoma. We tested whether renal mass biopsy prediction of Fuhrman grade in the nephrectomy specimen could be safely substituted for by an accurate statistical model. To date the best available model has shown poor accuracy (55.6%), which is close to flipping a coin (50%) and clearly inadequate for use in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 1,139 patients with T1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma treated with partial or radical nephrectomy at 11 participating institutions from 1989 to 2004. This cohort was used in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models predicting high Fuhrman grade (III-IV) at nephrectomy. Predictors included age at diagnosis, gender, tumor size and symptom classification. Multivariate logistic regression coefficients were used to generate a nomogram. RESULTS: The rate of Fuhrman grade III-IV in patients with T1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma was 12.3%. Stratifying patients with Fuhrman grade III-IV by age, gender, histological subtypes and sample size failed to reveal statistically significant differences. On univariate analysis predicting Fuhrman grade III-IV at nephrectomy only tumor size was a statistically significant predictor (p = 0.05). The most accurate multivariate nomogram for Fuhrman grade III-IV prediction was 58.3% (95% CI 57.8-58.9) accurate. Of all tested predictors only tumor size achieved independent predictor status (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis derived in European patients shows that statistical models cannot safely replace renal mass biopsy based prediction of Fuhrman grade III-IV at nephrectomy. Our findings corroborate a report from the United States in which a similar model had 55.6% accuracy. Jointly the studies indicate that statistical models are unreliable and cannot safely be substituted for renal mass biopsy in North American or European patients.
Published: 2009

14. Estimated glomerular filtration rate as an end point in kidney transplant trial: where do we stand?

Author: Eric Alamartine, Nicolas Maillard, L. Thibaudin, Christophe Mariat, Manolie Phayphet, François Berthoux, Sylvi Laporte, Informatique et Distribution (ID-IMAG), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose (GRT (EA 3065)), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose, pharmacologie des antithrombotiques et situations à risque (GRT), and Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Clinical Trials as Topic, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Urology, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Kidney transplant, MESH: Kidney Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Clinical Trials as Topic, Transplantation, MESH: Humans, End point, business.industry, MESH: Mathematics, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Clinical trial, MESH: Glomerular Filtration Rate, Nephrology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Hemodialysis, business, Mathematics, Forecasting, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Kidney disease
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2007

15. Adult neurogenesis and the future of the rejuvenating brain circuits

Author: Antoine Nissant, Gabriel Lepousez, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the life insurance company Humanis and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-BLAN-SVSE4-LS-110624 and PLASTMATBEHAV). Our laboratory is also part of the École des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP) Ile-de-France network, and it is supported by French state funds managed by the ANR within the Investissements d’Avenir programme 'Biopsy' and 'Revive.', ANR-12-BSV7-0017,PLASTMATBEHAV,Contribution de la neurogenèse olfactive à la mise en place du comportement maternel chez les mammifères.(2012), ANR-15-CE37-0004,SmellBrain,Dissection fonctionnelle des circuits codant pour la récompense dans le système olfactif(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0073,REVIVE,Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, MESH: Forecasting, Biomedical Research, MESH: Hippocampus, Neurogenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Brain Diseases, MESH: Neurons, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Rejuvenation, Biology, Regenerative Medicine, Hippocampus, medicine, Humans, Rejuvenation, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Systems neuroscience, Adaptive behavior, Brain Diseases, Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Humans, General Neuroscience, Regeneration (biology), MESH: Biomedical Research, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH: Adult, Human brain, Mammalian brain, MESH: Neurogenesis, Chromosome Pairing, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Chromosome Pairing, MESH: Nerve Net, MESH: Regenerative Medicine, Mental Recall, Nerve Net, Neuroscience, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; For a long time, the mammalian brain has been perceived to be a static organ. However, the discovery of adult neurogenesis in most mammalian species, including humans, monkeys, and rodents, has disrupted this view. As this continuous regeneration has an effect on established behavioral patterns, it holds promising therapeutic potential. However, before harnessing this potential regenerative power, we must understand what effects new neurons have on existing brain circuits. Ongoing research contributes to several important steps toward bridging the gap between adult-born neurons, circuits, and behavior. The study of adult neurogenesis in different neurogenic regions from a systems neuroscience perspective will pave the way to understanding how it supports adaptive behavior and why its dysfunction correlates with some human brain disorders.
Published: 2015

16. yMGV: helping biologists with yeast microarray data mining

Author: Philippe Marc, Frédéric Devaux, Claude Jacq, Stéphane Le Crom, Régulation de l'expression génétique (REG), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), inconnu temporaire UPEMLV, Inconnu, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Information Storage and Retrieval, Genome, MESH: Down-Regulation, Transcriptome, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Yeasts, Databases, Genetic, Gene cluster, MESH: Up-Regulation, Microarray databases, MESH: Databases, Genetic, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, MESH: Yeasts, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Telomere, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Up-Regulation, MESH: Internet, Multigene Family, MESH: Genome, Fungal, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH: Computer Graphics, Genome, Fungal, DNA microarray, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, MESH: Forecasting, Genes, Fungal, Down-Regulation, Computational biology, Biology, Article, Fungal Proteins, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Computer Graphics, 030304 developmental biology, Internet, Microarray analysis techniques, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Information Storage and Retrieval, Gene expression profiling, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH: Multigene Family, Database Management Systems, MESH: Genes, Fungal, MESH: Telomere, MESH: Database Management Systems, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; yMGV (yeast Microarray Global Viewer) was designed to provide biologists with meaningful information from genome-wide yeast expression data. The database includes most of the available expression data published on yeast microarrays over the last 4 years. It provides customizable tools for the rapid visualization of expression profiles associated with a set of genes from all published experiments. It also allows users to compare the results from different publications so that they can identify genes with common expression profiles. We used yMGV to perform global analyses to find a gene expression profile specific for given biological conditions and to locate functional gene clusters on chromosomes. Other organisms will be added to this database. yMGV is accessible on the web at http://transcriptome.ens.fr/ymgv.
Published: 2002

17. Determinants of improved one-year survival in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: insights from the French FAST-MI program over 15 years

Author: Vincent Bataille, Simon Cattan, Nicolas Danchin, Etienne Puymirat, Geneviève Mulak, Jean Ferrières, Tabassome Simon, Didier Blanchard, Laurence Berard, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Marc-Antoine Isorni, Pascal Gueret, Francois Schiele, Patrick Goldstein, Johanne Silvain, Centre de Ressources Biologiques HUEP-UPMC (CRB HUEP-UPMC), UMS omique (OMIQUE), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Registries, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary artery disease, Electrocardiography, Medicine, ST segment, Myocardial infarction, Registries, MESH: Aged, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, MESH: Myocardial Infarction, Female, France, MESH: Cardiovascular Agents, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, MESH: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Survival Rate, MESH: Prognosis, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Intensive care, Humans, In patient, Mortality, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Cardiovascular Agents, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Electrocardiography, MESH: France, Emergency medicine, Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting
Abstract: Improved early outcome in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients has been mainly attributed to a broader use of invasive strategies. Little is known about the impact of other changes in early management.We aimed to assess 15-year trends in one-year mortality and their determinants in NSTEMI patients. We used data from 4 one-month French registries, conducted 5 years apart from 1995 to 2010 including 3903 NSTEMI patients admitted to intensive care units.From 1995 to 2010, no major change was observed in patient characteristics, while therapeutic management evolved considerably. Early use of antiplatelet agents, β-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and statins increased over time (P0.001); use of newer anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparin, bivalirudin or fondaparinux) increased from 40.8% in 2000 to 78.9% in 2010 (P0.001); percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)≤ 3 days of admission rose from 7.6% to 48.1% (P0.001). One-year death decreased from 20% to 9.8% (HR adjusted for baseline parameters, 2010 vs. 1995 = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35-0.62). Early PCI (HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49-0.90), use of newer anticoagulants (HR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.48-0.78) and early use of evidence based medical therapy (HR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40-0.72) were predictors of improved one year-survival.One-year mortality of NSTEMI patients decreased by 50% in the past 15years. Our data support current guidelines recommending early invasive strategies and use of newer anticoagulants for NSTEMI, and also show a strong positive association between early use of appropriate medical therapies and one-year survival, suggesting that these medications should be used from the start.
Published: 2014

18. Nanopsychiatry--the potential role of nanotechnologies in the future of psychiatry: a systematic review

Author: Alexandra Macgregor, Guillaume Fond, Stéphanie Miot, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital La Colombière, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Fond, Guillaume
Subjects: MESH: Psychiatry, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, 02 engineering and technology, Nanotechnology, Medicine, Neural system, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Nanotechnology, nanohub, Psychiatry, 0303 health sciences, Mental Disorders, imagerie, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, nanomédecine, Psychiatry and Mental health, système nerveux central, Nanomedicine, Neurology, psychiatrie, liposome, nanocarrier, 0210 nano-technology, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, 03 medical and health sciences, nanotechnologie, Small worlds, Humans, MESH: Mental Disorders, Biological Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, nanopsychiatrie, Pharmacology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Applications of nanotechnology, Targeted drug delivery, MESH: Nanomedicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Nanoparticles, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Nanoparticles, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Nanomedicine is defined as the area using nanotechnology's concepts for the benefit of human beings' health and well being. In this article, we aimed to provide an overview of areas where nanotechnology is applied and how they could be extended to care for psychiatric illnesses. The main applications of nanotechnology in psychiatry are (i) pharmacology. There are two main difficulties in neuropharmacology: drugs have to pass the blood-brain barrier and then to be internalized by targeted cells. Nanoparticles could increase drugs bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, especially improving safety and efficacy of psychotropic drugs. Liposomes, nanosomes, nanoparticle polymers, nanobubbles are some examples of this targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnologies could also add new pharmacological properties, like nanoshells and dendrimers (ii) living analysis. Nanotechnology provides technical assistance to in vivo imaging or metabolome analysis (iii) central nervous system modeling. Research teams have succeeded to modelize inorganic synapses and mimick synaptic behavior, a step essential for further creation of artificial neural systems. Some nanoparticle assemblies present the same small worlds and free-scale networks architecture as cortical neural networks. Nanotechnologies and quantum physics could be used to create models of artificial intelligence and mental illnesses. We are not about to see a concrete application of nanomedicine in daily psychiatric practice. Even if nanotechnologies are promising, their safety is still inconsistent and this must be kept in mind. However, it seems essential that psychiatrists do not forsake this area of research the perspectives of which could be decisive in the field of mental illness.
Published: 2013

19. Research and innovations committee a new outlook for the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)

Author: Gilbert Habib, Luigi P. Badano, Erwan Donal, Patrizio Lancellotti, Gerald Maurer, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de cardiologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Département de cardiologie, Université médicale de Vienne, Autriche, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Emerging technologies, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Societies, Medical, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Diffusion of Innovation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Medical, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Daily practice, Medical imaging, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Societies, Medical, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Diagnostic Imaging, MESH: Biomedical Research, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, Observational study, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Forecasting, Diffusion of Innovation, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, MESH: Europe, Societies, Radiology, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: The cardiovascular imaging is changing fast. New technologies, new practices are facing an important rise in the cost of cardiovascular imaging.1 To be recommended in the guidelines,2 new therapeutic agents or devices must have been validated in large observational studies or registries and, even better, in randomized studies. This has been the case for cardiac resynchronization therapy as well as for recent pharmacological agents. We have not yet such exigency for imaging techniques but it might evolve in the near future. However, it exists an increasing necessity to demonstrate that our main imaging techniques and measurements, used in our daily practice, are useful …
Published: 2013

20. Integrative science: place and future of the model-based information processing

Author: J.L. Coatrieux, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Senhadji, Lotfi
Subjects: Dependency (UML), Computer science, Property (programming), Software Validation, Information Storage and Retrieval, organization levels, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, medical image processing, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, multimodal image processing, media_common, multiple biophysical expressions, Information processing, General Medicine, Variety (cybernetics), Variable (computer science), Identification (information), physiological modeling, integrative science, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, model-based information processing, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, MESH: Computational Biology, MESH: Forecasting, multimodal signal processing, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, media_common.quotation_subject, Biomedical Engineering, MESH: Algorithms, Image processing, physiological models, Models, Biological, living system, MESH: Software, MESH: Computer Simulation, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Simulation, multiple scales, 0101 mathematics, 010306 general physics, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Software Validation, business.industry, MESH: Models, Biological, Computational Biology, MESH: Information Storage and Retrieval, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Data science, Interdependence, Artificial intelligence, business, Software, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; This article examines some of the open issues that should be addressed regarding physiological modeling and information processing to make them central in the future. Coupling model and data through multiple scales and organization levels, multimodal signal and image processing represents a major step in this respect. The capability to bridge physiological models and homogeneous data leads to identification of the systems at hand. However, it is not enough to address a given property of any living system because it has multiple biophysical expressions, all consisting of interdependent or coordinated functions. Structure and function types cannot be easily separated, they are both distinct (large variety and heterogeneity, highly variable behaviors) and connected (with constraints, redundancies, and strong dependency). These issues are examined here together with some more practical considerations.
Published: 2004

21. [Future drug targets for Parkinson's disease]

Author: Hirsch, Etienne, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Aouinat, Farid
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Cell Death, MESH: Cholinergic Neurons, Deep Brain Stimulation, Dopamine, MESH: Antiparkinson Agents, Adaptive Immunity, MESH: Nerve Degeneration, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Antiparkinson Agents, Mice, MESH: Brain, MESH: Cation Transport Proteins, Parkinsonian Disorders, MESH: Molecular Targeted Therapy, MESH: Dopaminergic Neurons, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Molecular Targeted Therapy, Cation Transport Proteins, MESH: Haplorhini, MESH: Mice, MESH: Dopamine Agonists, Accidental falls, Inflammation, MESH: Humans, MESH: Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, MESH: Parkinsonian Disorders, Dopaminergic Neurons, Brain, Haplorhini, MESH: Neuroprotective Agents, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cholinergic Neurons, nervous system diseases, Parkinson disease, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents, nervous system, Dopamine Agonists, Nerve Degeneration, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Deep Brain Stimulation, MESH: Adaptive Immunity, MESH: Parkinson Disease, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Parkinson's disease is characterized by a triad of cardinal motor symptoms (bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor) resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This synucleinopathy is classified in the larger group of Lewy body disorders. Currently, these symptoms are relatively well alleviated by drugs that restore dopaminergic neurotransmission, andlor by deep brain stimulation. It is not yet possible to halt the underlying degeneration, or to treat symptoms due to non-dopaminergic neuron damage. This review examines the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease, new targets for neuroprotection, and the mechanisms causing symptoms resistant to current treatments.
Published: 2012

22. Personalised medicine in oncology: questions for the next 20 years

Author: Françoise Meunier, Roger Stupp, Denis Lacombe, Jean-Yves Blay, Equipe 11, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [Bruxelles] ( EORTC ), European Cancer Organisation [Bruxelles] ( ECCO ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] ( CHUV ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Service d'Oncologie Médicale, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [Bruxelles] (EORTC), European Cancer Organisation [Bruxelles] (ECCO), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Alternative medicine, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Medical Oncology, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Medical Oncology, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, MESH: Neoplasms, MESH : Individualized Medicine, MESH : Forecasting, Precision Medicine, MESH: Individualized Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Medical Oncology, 030304 developmental biology, Gynecology, 0303 health sciences, Medical education, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH : Neoplasms, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

23. Recensement national histologique des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central : résultats généraux sur 40 000 cas, principales applications actuelles et perspectives. [French brain tumor database: general results on 40,000 cases, main current applications and future prospects]

Author: Zouaoui, S., Rigau, Valérie, Mathieu-Daudé, Hélène, Darlix, A., Bessaoud, F., Fabbro-Peray, P., Bauchet, F., Kerr, C., Fabbro, M., Figarella-Branger, D., Taillandier, L., Duffau, H., Trétarre, B., Bauchet, L., Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Service d'épidémiologie, Groupe de neuro-oncologie du Languedoc Roussillon, Service de biostatistiques, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Service d'anatomie pathologique et de neurophatologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-CHU Marseille, Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), la Ligue nationale contre le cancer, l'Institut national du cancer, l'Associations pour la Recherche sur les tumeurs cérébrales (ARTC et ARTC Sud), les laboratoires Schering-Plough, Roche, Archimedes Pharma, Sophysa, l'ANOCE, la SFNC, le Rotary Club (AGLY), le département de l'Hérault, le groupe de neuro-oncologie du Languedoc Roussillon., Société française de neurochirurgie (SFNC) et le Club de neuro-oncologie de la SFNC, Société française de neuropathologie (SFNP), Association des neuro-oncologues d'expression française (ANOCEF), and Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Epidemiologic Studies, MESH: Humans, Neurochirurgie, MESH: Sex Distribution, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Neuropathologie, MESH: Databases, Factual, MESH: Central Nervous System Neoplasms, MESH: France, Neuro-épidémiologie, Base de données, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Neuro-oncologie, MESH: Age Distribution, Tumeur cérébrale
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This work aimed at prospectively record all primary central nervous system tumor (PCNST) cases in France, for which histological diagnosis was available. The objectives were to (i) create a national database and network to perform epidemiological studies, (ii) implement clinical and basic research protocols, and (iii) harmonize the health care of patients affected by PCNST. METHODS: The methodology is based on a multidisciplinary national network already established by the French Brain Tumor DataBase (FBTDB) (Recensement national histologique des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central [RnhTPSNC]), and the active participation of the Scientific Societies involved in neuro-oncology in France. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2009, 43,929 cases of newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed PCNST have been recorded. Histological diagnoses included gliomas (42,4%), all other neuroepithelial tumors (4,4%), tumors of the meninges (32,3%), nerve sheath tumors (9,2%), lymphomas (3,4%) and others (8,3%). Cryopreservation was reported for 9603 PCNST specimens. Tumor resections were performed in 78% cases, while biopsies accounted for 22%. Median age at diagnosis, sex, percentage of resections and number of cryopreserved tumors were detailed for each histology, according to the WHO classification. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Many current applications and perspectives for the FBTDB are illustrated in the discussion. To our knowledge, this work is the first database in Europe, dedicated to PCNST, including clinical, surgical and histological data (with also cryopreservation of the specimens), and which may have major epidemiological, clinical and research implications.
Published: 2012

24. [Preoperative radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer: forecasting the next steps through ongoing and forthcoming studies]

Author: G, Créhange, J-F, Bosset, P, Maingon, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: MESH: Radiation-Sensitizing Agents, Radiation-Sensitizing Agents, MESH: Combined Modality Therapy, Time Factors, Organoplatinum Compounds, MESH : Radiation-Sensitizing Agents, MESH : Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Leucovorin, Cetuximab, MESH : Camptothecin, MESH : Leucovorin, MESH : Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Deoxycytidine, MESH : Multicenter Studies as Topic, MESH : Radiotherapy, Conformal, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH : Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, MESH : Adenocarcinoma, MESH: Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Multicenter Studies as Topic, MESH : Rectal Neoplasms, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, MESH : Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, MESH: Organoplatinum Compounds, Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH : Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Combined Modality Therapy, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Oxaliplatin, MESH: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Treatment Outcome, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, MESH: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, MESH : Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH: Radiotherapy, Conformal, MESH : Fluorouracil, MESH: Camptothecin, Fluorouracil, MESH: Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, MESH : Time Factors, MESH: Forecasting, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, MESH: Neoadjuvant Therapy, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Adenocarcinoma, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Irinotecan, MESH : Organoplatinum Compounds, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, MESH : Deoxycytidine, Humans, MESH : Forecasting, MESH : Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Capecitabine, MESH: Humans, Rectal Neoplasms, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adenocarcinoma, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Deoxycytidine, MESH: Rectal Neoplasms, MESH: Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, MESH: Multicenter Studies as Topic, Camptothecin, Radiotherapy, Conformal, MESH : Combined Modality Therapy, MESH: Leucovorin, MESH : Neoadjuvant Therapy, MESH: Fluorouracil, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Protracted preoperative radiochemotherapy with a 5-FU-based scheme, or a short course of preoperative radiotherapy without chemotherapy, are the standard neoadjuvant treatments for resectable stage II-III rectal cancer. Local failure rates are low and reproducible, between 6 and 15% when followed with a "Total Mesorectal Excision". Nevertheless, the therapeutic strategy needs to be improved: distant metastatic recurrence rates remain stable around 30 to 35%, while both sphincter and sexual sequels are still significant. The aim of the present paper was to analyse the ongoing trials listed on the following search engines: the Institut National du Cancer in France, the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Health in the United States, and the major cooperative groups. Keywords for the search were: "rectal cancer", "preoperative radiotherapy", "phase II-III", "preoperative chemotherapy", "adjuvant chemotherapy" and "surgery". Twenty-three trials were selected and classified in different groups, each of them addressing a question of strategy: (1) place of adjuvant chemotherapy; (2) optimization of preoperative radiotherapy; (3) evaluation of new radiosensitization protocols and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy; (4) optimization of techniques and timing of surgery; (5) place of radiotherapy for non resectable or metastatic tumors.
Published: 2011

25. Immunosuppression et cellules souches mésenchymateuses Mieux comprendre une propriété thérapeutique majeure

Author: Karin Tarte, Cédric Ménard, Microenvironnement et cancer (MiCa), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), programmes européens CASCADE et REBORNE du 7e Programme cadre de recherche et développement, Établissement français du sang, Agence de la biomédecine, Ligue contre le cancer, programme hospitalier de recherche clinique (PHRC 2005)., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, MESH: Immune Tolerance, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, General Medicine, Biology, Molecular biology, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Since their efficiency to treat graft versus host disease has been proven, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a promising cell therapy approach for the treatment of immune disorders. In this context, much attention has focused on their mechanisms of action, in particular once the fact that their immune properties are also crucial for their efficiency in regenerative medicine was demonstrated. By their production of various and redundant soluble factors, MSC exert powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects targeting the main immune cell subsets. These immunoregulatory properties are essentially inducible by inflammatory mediators. In addition, it is now clear that allogeneic MSC are not immunoprivileged in immunocompetent recipient in agreement with their low persistence in vivo. They should thus display an early "touch-and-go" effect involving both direct interactions with recruited immune effectors and further amplification of this immunosuppression process through activation or conditioning of other regulatory immune cells. A better understanding of immunological properties of MSC will clearly improve their use in clinical settings.; Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM) possèdent des propriétés immunosuppressives très vastes liées à la production de facteurs solubles inductibles qui inhibent l'activation des principaux effecteurs de l'immunité. L'intérêt de ces propriétés a été confirmé dans des essais cliniques spectaculaires chez des patients atteints de la maladie du greffon contre l'hôte, une complication fréquente et grave des allogreffes de cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Depuis, les applications de ce potentiel anti-inflammatoire et immunosuppresseur des CSM ont été étendues à la médecine régénératrice puisque les capacités de réparation des CSM semblent étroitement liées à leurs propriétés immunologiques, démontrant tout l'intérêt d'une compréhension fine des interactions entre les CSM et les cellules immunitaires.
Published: 2011

26. Les anesthésistes face à l'enfant ambulatoire : résultats d'une enquête de l'Association des anesthésistes réanimateurs pédiatres d'expression française (ADARPEF).[Cancellations of day surgery in children: a survey among French-speaking pediatric anesthesiologists]

Author: Nivoche, Y., Lucas, M.-M., Souhayl, D., Léculée, R., Wodey, E., Courrèges, P., Service d'anesthésie réanimation et de traitement de la douleur, AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Quality Assurance, Health Care, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Societies, Medical, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Patient Acceptance of Health Care, MESH: Hospitalization, MESH: Infant, MESH: France, MESH: Anesthesiology, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Chirurgie ambulatoire, MESH: Child, MESH: Pediatrics, MESH: Data Collection, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Anesthésie, MESH: Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

27. Prediction of soman-induced cerebral damage by distortion product otoacoustic emissions

Author: Pierre Campo, Pierre Carpentier, Valérie Baille, Annie Foquin, Agnès Job, Benoît Pouyatos, Frédéric Dorandeu, Deransart, Colin, Département de Toxicologie et risques chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), INSERM U836, équipe 9, Dynamique des réseaux synchrones épileptiques, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Polluants et Santé, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Vandoeuvre lès Nancy) (INRS ( Vandoeuvre lès Nancy)), Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, CRSSA, and DGA - Contract N° 08co502
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Random Allocation, Soman, Toxicology, Random Allocation, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Convulsion, MESH: Cochlea, MESH: Soman, MESH: Animals, Nerve agent, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Neuroprotective Agents, MESH: Seizures, Cochlea, [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Atropine, Neuroprotective Agents, Anesthesia, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, medicine.symptom, MESH: Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous, medicine.drug, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Rats, Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous, Encephalopathy, Brain damage, 03 medical and health sciences, Seizures, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, 030304 developmental biology, Cholinesterase, MESH: Rats, Wistar, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Rats, Endocrinology, Anticonvulsant, chemistry, Brain Injuries, MESH: Brain Injuries, biology.protein, sense organs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; The organophosphorus nerve agent soman is an irreversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor that can produce long-lasting seizures and seizure-related brain damage (SRBD) in which acetylcholine and glutamate are involved. Since these neurotransmitters play a key-role in the auditory function, it was hypothesized that a hearing test may be an efficient way for detecting the central effects of soman intoxication. In the present study, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), a non-invasive audiometric method, were used in rats administered with soman (70 μg/kg). Four hours post-soman, DPOAE intensities were significantly decreased. They returned to baseline one day later. The amplitude of the temporary drop of the DPOAEs was well related to the severity of the intoxication. The greatest change was recorded in the rats that survived long-lasting convulsions, i.e. those that showed the highest ChE inhibition in brain and severe encephalopathy. Furthermore, the administration, immediately after soman, of a three-drug therapy composed of atropine sulfate, HI-6 and avizafone abolished the convulsions, the transient drop of DPOAEs at 4h and the occurrence of SRBD at 28 h without modifying brain ChE inhibition. This showed that DPOAE change was not directly related to soman-induced inhibition of cerebral ChE but rather to its neuropathological consequences. The present findings strongly suggest that DPOAEs represent a promising non-invasive tool to predict SRBD occurrence in nerve agent poisoning and to control the efficacy of a neuroprotective treatment.
Published: 2010

28. [Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: methodological approaches and new perspectives]

Author: Berr, Claudine, Vercambre, Marie-Noël, Akbaraly, Tasnime, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centres Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche Montpellier (CMRR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Fondation MGEN pour la santé publique, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Villebrun, Dominique
Subjects: Adult, Male, MESH: Forecasting, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Population Dynamics, MESH: Population Surveillance, Cohort Studies, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Humans, Mass Screening, MESH: Mass Screening, Life Style, MESH: Cohort Studies, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, [SDV.MHEP.GEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, MESH: Life Style, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Population Dynamics, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Surveillance, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Over the last 20 years, a number of epidemiological studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been conducted on large cohorts providing databases for studying the disease frequency, and leading to a more global overview of AD risk factors. However, precise identification of factors which potentiate or delay the pathological process of the disease is still incomplete. One of the major problems comes from difficulties for defining the cases and obtaining good clinical diagnoses in population-based studies. Moreover, it is difficult to determine the chronology of exposure-disease relationships whatever the factors studied: vascular factors, life habits (dietary habits, physical, social or intellectual activities...). Which life-course period is important for proposing interventions to modify these factors remains a central question. The longer follow-up of large cohorts and a better knowledge of potential risk factors constitute a research priority if we want to prevent efficiently AD in the near future.
Published: 2009

29. [Cancer genetics: estimation of the needs of the population in France for the next ten years]

Author: Bonaïti-Pellié, Catherine, Andrieu, Nadine, Arveux, Patrick, Bonadona, Valérie, Buecher, Bruno, Delpech, Marc, Jolly, Damien, Julian-Reynier, Claire, Luporsi, Elisabeth, Noguès, Catherine, Nowak, Frédérique, Olschwang, Sylviane, Orsi, Fabienne, Pujol, Pascal, Saurin, Jean-Christophe, Sinilnikova, Olga, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Thépot, François, Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Alexis Vautrin (CAV), Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, CRLCC René Huguenin, Institut National du Cancer, INCA, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM / U891 Inserm), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (ancienne affiliation) (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Génétique moléculaire, signalisation et cancer (GMSC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie [Paris], Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Health Services Needs and Demand, MESH: Mutation, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Genetic Screening, Neoplasms, gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2, Humans, cancer, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Neoplasms, Genetic Testing, oncogénétique, gène MYH, Ovarian Neoplasms, MESH: Age Factors, Health Services Needs and Demand, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Age Factors, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, MESH: Male, MESH: France, MESH: Ovarian Neoplasms, gènes MMR, Female, prédisposition héréditaire, France, mutation, Colorectal Neoplasms, MESH: Female, MESH: Genes, BRCA1, prise en charge, MESH: Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Genes, BRCA2, MESH: Colorectal Neoplasms, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Organised since 1990 in France, cancer genetics has been strengthened since 2003 by the programme "Plan Cancer" which resulted in an improvement of the organisation of activities. The aim of this review is to present an update of the estimation of the needs of the population in this field for the next ten years, provided by a group of experts mandated by the French National Cancer Institute. Identification and management of major hereditary predispositions to cancer have a major impact on decrease in mortality and incidence. Sensitivity of criteria for the detection of BRCA1/2 mutations could be substantially improved by enlarging the indication for genetic testing to isolated cases of ovarian cancer occurring before 70 years and to familial cases occurring after this age limit. In the Lynch syndrome, the present criteria would have an excellent sensitivity for the detection of mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes if the pre-screening of tumours on microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype was effective, but these criteria are actually poorly applied. However, genetic testing should not be proposed to all the patients affected by tumours belonging to the spectrum of major predispositions and a fortiori to unaffected persons unless an affected relative has been identified as a carrier. The prescription of tests should continue to be strictly controlled and organised, in patients as well as in at-risk relatives. The enlargement of criteria and the improvement in the spreading of recommendations should result in an increase of genetic counselling activity and of the prescriptions of tests by a factor 2 to 4, and to a lesser extent in the clinical management of at risk persons. In a near future, it appears important to mandate experts on specific issues such as the determinants of the lack of effective application of tumour screening for MSI phenotype, the recommendations for the identification and the management of MYH-associated polyposis, or the predictive value of tumour characteristics for the identification of BRCA1/2 mutations. The expected increase in cancer genetics activity will need an optimal organisation to increase the throughput. Such measures will help in facing up to new predispositions that will probably be identified in common cancers.
Published: 2009

30. [Cancer genetics: estimation of the needs of the population in France for the next ten years]

Author: Bonaïti-Pellié, Catherine, Andrieu, Nadine, Arveux, Patrick, Bonadona, Valérie, Buecher, Bruno, Delpech, Marc, Jolly, Damien, Julian-Reynier, Claire, Luporsi, Elisabeth, Noguès, Catherine, Nowak, Frédérique, Olschwang, Sylviane, Orsi, Fabienne, Pujol, Pascal, Saurin, Jean-Christophe, Sinilnikova, Olga, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Thépot, François, Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Alexis Vautrin (CAV), Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, CRLCC René Huguenin, Institut National du Cancer, INCA, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM / U891 Inserm), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (ancienne affiliation) (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Génétique moléculaire, signalisation et cancer (GMSC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie [Paris], Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], and Bonaïti-Pellié, Catherine
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Health Services Needs and Demand, MESH: Mutation, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Genetic Screening, gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2, cancer, MESH: Neoplasms, oncogénétique, gène MYH, MESH: Age Factors, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, MESH: Male, MESH: France, MESH: Ovarian Neoplasms, gènes MMR, prédisposition héréditaire, mutation, MESH: Female, MESH: Genes, BRCA1, prise en charge, MESH: Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Genes, BRCA2, MESH: Colorectal Neoplasms
Abstract: International audience; Organised since 1990 in France, cancer genetics has been strengthened since 2003 by the programme "Plan Cancer" which resulted in an improvement of the organisation of activities. The aim of this review is to present an update of the estimation of the needs of the population in this field for the next ten years, provided by a group of experts mandated by the French National Cancer Institute. Identification and management of major hereditary predispositions to cancer have a major impact on decrease in mortality and incidence. Sensitivity of criteria for the detection of BRCA1/2 mutations could be substantially improved by enlarging the indication for genetic testing to isolated cases of ovarian cancer occurring before 70 years and to familial cases occurring after this age limit. In the Lynch syndrome, the present criteria would have an excellent sensitivity for the detection of mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes if the pre-screening of tumours on microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype was effective, but these criteria are actually poorly applied. However, genetic testing should not be proposed to all the patients affected by tumours belonging to the spectrum of major predispositions and a fortiori to unaffected persons unless an affected relative has been identified as a carrier. The prescription of tests should continue to be strictly controlled and organised, in patients as well as in at-risk relatives. The enlargement of criteria and the improvement in the spreading of recommendations should result in an increase of genetic counselling activity and of the prescriptions of tests by a factor 2 to 4, and to a lesser extent in the clinical management of at risk persons. In a near future, it appears important to mandate experts on specific issues such as the determinants of the lack of effective application of tumour screening for MSI phenotype, the recommendations for the identification and the management of MYH-associated polyposis, or the predictive value of tumour characteristics for the identification of BRCA1/2 mutations. The expected increase in cancer genetics activity will need an optimal organisation to increase the throughput. Such measures will help in facing up to new predispositions that will probably be identified in common cancers.
Published: 2009

31. [Cancer genetics: estimation of the needs of the population in France for the next ten years]

Author: Bonaïti-Pellié , Catherine, Andrieu , Nadine, Arveux , Patrick, Bonadona , Valérie, Buecher , Bruno, Delpech , Marc, Jolly , Damien, Julian-Reynier , Claire, Luporsi , Elisabeth, Noguès , Catherine, Nowak , Frédérique, Olschwang , Sylviane, Orsi , Fabienne, Pujol , Pascal, Saurin , Jean-Christophe, Sinilnikova , Olga, Stoppa-Lyonnet , Dominique, Thépot , François, Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Alexis Vautrin (CAV), Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique, CRLCC René Huguenin, Institut National du Cancer, INCA, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM / U891 Inserm), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (ancienne affiliation) (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Génétique moléculaire, signalisation et cancer (GMSC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie [Paris], Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines ( Inserm U535 ), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique ( IFR 69 ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Cancer et génôme: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -INSTITUT CURIE, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), Laboratoire Biostatistique-Santé ( LBS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Cochin ( UMR_S567 / UMR 8104 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Centre Alexis Vautrin ( CAV ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille ( CRCM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (ancienne affiliation) ( CEPN ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier ( IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1 ), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] ( CHLS ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Génétique moléculaire, signalisation et cancer ( GMSC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and INSTITUT CURIE
Subjects: MESH : Genes, BRCA2, MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Health Services Needs and Demand, MESH: Mutation, MESH : Genes, BRCA1, MESH : Male, MESH : Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Genetic Screening, MESH : Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2, cancer, MESH : Female, MESH: Neoplasms, MESH : Forecasting, oncogénétique, MESH : France, gène MYH, MESH : Genetic Screening, MESH: Age Factors, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, MESH : Ovarian Neoplasms, MESH : Humans, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, MESH : Neoplasms, MESH: Male, MESH: France, MESH: Ovarian Neoplasms, gènes MMR, MESH : Genetic Predisposition to Disease, prédisposition héréditaire, MESH : Age Factors, MESH : Colorectal Neoplasms, MESH : Mutation, mutation, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Female, MESH: Genes, BRCA1, MESH : Health Services Needs and Demand, prise en charge, MESH: Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Genes, BRCA2, MESH: Colorectal Neoplasms
Abstract: International audience; Organised since 1990 in France, cancer genetics has been strengthened since 2003 by the programme "Plan Cancer" which resulted in an improvement of the organisation of activities. The aim of this review is to present an update of the estimation of the needs of the population in this field for the next ten years, provided by a group of experts mandated by the French National Cancer Institute. Identification and management of major hereditary predispositions to cancer have a major impact on decrease in mortality and incidence. Sensitivity of criteria for the detection of BRCA1/2 mutations could be substantially improved by enlarging the indication for genetic testing to isolated cases of ovarian cancer occurring before 70 years and to familial cases occurring after this age limit. In the Lynch syndrome, the present criteria would have an excellent sensitivity for the detection of mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes if the pre-screening of tumours on microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype was effective, but these criteria are actually poorly applied. However, genetic testing should not be proposed to all the patients affected by tumours belonging to the spectrum of major predispositions and a fortiori to unaffected persons unless an affected relative has been identified as a carrier. The prescription of tests should continue to be strictly controlled and organised, in patients as well as in at-risk relatives. The enlargement of criteria and the improvement in the spreading of recommendations should result in an increase of genetic counselling activity and of the prescriptions of tests by a factor 2 to 4, and to a lesser extent in the clinical management of at risk persons. In a near future, it appears important to mandate experts on specific issues such as the determinants of the lack of effective application of tumour screening for MSI phenotype, the recommendations for the identification and the management of MYH-associated polyposis, or the predictive value of tumour characteristics for the identification of BRCA1/2 mutations. The expected increase in cancer genetics activity will need an optimal organisation to increase the throughput. Such measures will help in facing up to new predispositions that will probably be identified in common cancers.
Published: 2009

32. A single intravenous sTNFR-Fc administration at the time of reperfusion limits infarct size--implications in reperfusion strategies in man

Author: Joël de Leiris, Vanessa Robbez-Masson, Drissa Sanou, M. C. Toufektsian, Olivier Ormezzano, François Boucher, Marie-Gabrielle Jouan, Physiologie cardio-Respiratoire Expérimentale Théorique et Appliquée (TIMC-IMAG-PRETA), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinique Cardiologie et Hypertension Artérielle, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Myocardial Infarction, Volume overload, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Etanercept, MESH: Recombinant Proteins, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, 0302 clinical medicine, Bolus (medicine), MESH: Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Animals, Myocardial infarction, MESH: Immunoglobulin G, 0303 health sciences, General Medicine, Recombinant Proteins, MESH: Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, 3. Good health, MESH: Myocardial Infarction, MESH: Staining and Labeling, Echocardiography, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Injections, Intravenous, Circulatory system, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Evans Blue, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Hemodynamics, MESH: Rats, MESH: Evans Blue, Diastole, Ischemia, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Humans, Rats, Wistar, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, MESH: Humans, Staining and Labeling, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Hemodynamics, MESH: Rats, Wistar, medicine.disease, MESH: Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, MESH: Injections, Intravenous, MESH: Male, Rats, Surgery, Disease Models, Animal, Coronary occlusion, Immunoglobulin G, MESH: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, MESH: Echocardiography, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, business, MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is associated with increased inflammatory processes that can exert deleterious effects and therefore contribute to cardiac dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to verify whether the administration of sTNFR-Fc, a scavenger of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, at the time of reperfusion would protect against myocardial infarction and reduce the severity of early mechanical dysfunction. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to 60 min coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. A bolus of sTNFR-Fc (10 microg/kg, i.v.) (MI + sTNFR-Fc group) or a placebo (MI group) was injected prior to reperfusion. Cardiac geometry was assessed by echocardiography 1, 3 and 7 days after reperfusion. Eight days after reperfusion, left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated under basal conditions and during an experimental challenge of volume overload. Finally, infarct size was measured after euthanasia. RESULTS: sTNFR-Fc administration markedly reduced infarct size (P < 0.01) and decreased LV dilation as assessed by the echocardiographic measurement of the LV end diastolic area, 7 days post-MI (P < 0.01). Moreover, LV end-diastolic pressure was significantly preserved by sTNFR-Fc 1 week after myocardial infarction, under basal conditions (P < 0.05) as well as during cardiac overload (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A single administration of sTNFR-Fc at the time of reperfusion after myocardial infarction is able to limit infarct size and to reduce early LV diastolic dysfunction in rats. These findings suggest that intravenous neutralization of TNF-alpha during surgical cardiac reperfusion might improve the outcome of myocardial infarction in humans.
Published: 2008

33. DNA double-strand break repair defects in syndromes associated with acute radiation response: at least two different assays to predict intrinsic radiosensitivity?

Author: N. Chavaudra, Zuzana Bencokova, Colin F. Arlett, Kristin M. Zimmerman, Jérôme Gastaldo, Nicolas Foray, Aurélie Joubert, Vincent Favaudon, Rayonnement Synchrotron et Recherche Medicale (RSRM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Radiosensibilité des tumeurs & tissus sains, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Génotoxicologie, signalisation et radiothérapie expérimentale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris], Department of Biological Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Serduc, Raphael
Subjects: Genome instability, Time Factors, DNA Repair, MESH: DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Radiation Tolerance, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Plasmid, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, MESH: Fluorescent Antibody Technique, MESH: DNA Repair, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Radiation Tolerance, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Double Strand Break Repair, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, MESH: Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, MESH: Cell Survival, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biological Assay, MESH: Forecasting, Cell Survival, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Immunofluorescence, MESH: Biological Assay, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: X-Rays, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiosensitivity, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: DNA Damage, MESH: Humans, X-Rays, MESH: Time Factors, Fibroblasts, Molecular biology, MDC1, MESH: Cell Line, chemistry, MESH: Fibroblasts, DNA, DNA Damage, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: Human diseases associated with acute radiation responses are rare genetic disorders with common clinical and biological features including radiosensitivity, genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations, and frequently immunodeficiency. To determine what molecular assays are predictive of cellular radiosensitivity whatever the genes mutations, the existence of a quantitative correlation between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair defects was examined in a collection of 40 human fibroblasts representing 8 different syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A number of techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid assay and immunofluorescence with antibodies against MRE11, MDC1, 53BP1 and phosphorylated forms of H2AX, DNA-PK were applied systematically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Survival fraction at 2 Gy was found to be inversely proportional to the amount of unrepaired DSB, whatever the genes mutations and the assay applied. However, no single assay discriminates the full range of human radiosensitivity. Particularly, nuclear foci formed by the phosphorylation of H2AX do not predict well moderate radiosensitivities. Our findings suggest the existence of an ATM-dependent interplay between the activation of DNA-PK and MRE11. A classification of diseases according their cellular radiosensitivity, their molecular response to radiation and the functional assays permitting their evaluation is proposed.
Published: 2008

34. Body fluid proteomics for biomarker discovery: lessons from the past hold the key to success in the future

Author: Anna Dominiczak, David M. Good, Jean-Loup Bascands, Joost P. Schanstra, Jan Novak, Harald Mischak, Visith Thongboonkerd, Joshua J. Coon, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Mosaiques Diagnostics (GmbH), Mosaique Diagnostics, Simon, Marie Francoise, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Proteomics, MESH: Forecasting, Proteome, Biology, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, MESH: Body Fluids, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biological fluids, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Biomarker discovery, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, MESH: Proteomics, MESH: Biological Markers, Reproducibility of Results, General Chemistry, Data science, Body Fluids, 3. Good health, Biomarker (cell), Clinical Practice, MESH: Proteome, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Key (cryptography), Biomarkers, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Sparked by the article from Lescuyer and colleagues in a recent issue, we aim here to further encourage interest in and discussion of clinically relevant biomarker research. We express our view on proteomics for biomarker discovery by addressing multiple relevant issues, including the inherent differences between biological fluids (and how these differences affect current analytical approaches) and experimental design to maximize the efficiency of moving from the bench to the bedside. Herein, we also include suggestions for definition of the term "biomarker", based on the use of a set of universal characterization/validation requirements, and illustrate several recent examples of successful transitions of benchtop proteomic studies work to clinical practice.
Published: 2007

35. TRAIL in cancer therapy: present and future challenges

Author: Alexandre Morizot, Olivier Micheau, Eric Solary, Delphine Merino, Najoua Lalaoui, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), This study was supported by grants of the Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, the INCa (Institut National du Cancer), le Cancéropôle Grand- Est, the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), and the INSERM., Micheau, Olivier, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)
Subjects: MESH: Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Apoptosis, TRAIL, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, Bioinformatics, MESH : TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Delivery Systems, Neoplasms, Drug Discovery, MESH: Animals, MESH: Neoplasms, 0303 health sciences, Tnf superfamily, 3. Good health, MESH : Antineoplastic Agents, Cytokine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Molecular Medicine, MESH : Drug Delivery Systems, TRAIL-Receptors, Signal transduction, MESH: TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, Signal Transduction, MESH: Forecasting, Programmed cell death, MESH: Drug Delivery Systems, Cancer therapy, Antineoplastic Agents, Article, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, Humans, cancer, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH : Forecasting, TRAIL-receptor agonistic antibodies, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, MESH : Signal Transduction, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Apoptosis, MESH : Humans, Cancer, medicine.disease, MESH : Neoplasms, Cancer cell, Immunology, MESH: Antineoplastic Agents, MESH : Animals, business, MESH : Apoptosis, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Since its identification in 1995, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has sparked growing interest in oncology due to its reported ability to selectively trigger cancer cell death. In contrast to other members of the TNF superfamily, TRAIL administration in vivo is safe. The relative absence of toxic side effects of this naturally occurring cytokine, in addition to its antitumoural properties, has led to its preclinical evaluation. However, despite intensive investigations, little is known in regards to the mechanisms underlying TRAIL selectivity or efficiency. An appropriate understanding of its physiological relevance, and of the mechanisms controlling cancer cells escape from TRAIL-induced cell death, will be required to optimally use the cytokine in clinics. The present review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of TRAIL signal transduction and discusses the existing and future challenges of TRAIL-based cancer therapy development.
Published: 2007

36. Cancer prevalence in France: time trend, situation in 2002 and extrapolation to 2012

Author: Guy Launoy, Anne-Valérie Guizard, N. Mitton, Michel Velten, Arlette Danzon, Erik-André Sauleau, Olivier Ganry, Simona Bara, Claire Schvartz, Brigitte Trétarre, Anne-Marie Bouvier, Patricia Delafosse, Marc Colonna, Pascale Grosclaude, Florence Molinié, Registre des Cancers de l'Isère, CHU Grenoble, Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort [CHRU Besançon], Pôle cancérologie (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Registre des cancers de la Manche, CHPC - Site Louis Pasteur, Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC)-Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC), Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Registre général des cancers de la Somme, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Registre des cancers du Calvados, Registre des Tumeurs Digestives [CHU Caen], Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Registre des cancers de Loire-Atlantique, Registre des cancers du Haut-Rhin, Registre des cancers thyroïdiens de Marne-Ardenne, Registre des cancers du Bas-Rhin, CRLCC Paul Strauss, Registre des cancers du Tarn, Registre des cancers du Calvados de l'Hérault, Registre des tumeurs du Doubs, Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC ( CEF2P / CARCINO ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), registre des cancers de la Manche, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Registre des Cancers de la Somme, Registre des Tumeurs Digestives [Caen], Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -CHU Caen, Vesin, Aurélien, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (UR 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Registre des cancers de la Manche [CHPC - Site Louis Pasteur], Site Louis Pasteur [CHPC], CH Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC)-CH Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin (CHPC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-UNICANCER, Registre général des cancers du Tarn, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Pathology, MESH: Registries, MESH : Prevalence, Prevalence, MESH : Aged, MESH : Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Prostate, Neoplasms, Epidemiology, MESH : Female, MESH: Neoplasms, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, Registries, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, MESH : Survival Rate, MESH : Incidence, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, France, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Survival Rate, MESH : Male, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Forecasting, education, MESH : France, Survival rate, MESH: Age Distribution, Cancer prevalence, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Cancer, medicine.disease, MESH : Neoplasms, MESH: Male, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, MESH : Registries, Demography, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Cancer prevalence is a basic indicator of the cancer burden in a population and essential to estimate the resources needed for care of cancer patients. This paper provides a prevalence estimate for 2002 and 2012 in France and an assessment of the trend in prevalence over the period 1993-2002. METHOD: Incidence and survival data from French cancer registries were used to estimate specific 5-year partial prevalence rates that were then applied to the whole French population. RESULTS: In 2002, the 5-year partial prevalence was over 427,000 in men and 409,000 in women. The most frequent cancer site among men was prostate (35% of the cases) and breast in women (45% of the cases). In 2002, in France, more than 3.5% of men over 74 years old are alive with a prostatic cancer diagnosed within 5 years. The increase in the number of cases between 1993 and 2002 was about 40% and was mainly due to prostate and breast cancers. The demographic variations alone induce an increase of the number of prevalent cases of 75,000 among men and 54,500 among women if both incidence and survival are considered as stable during the period 2002-2012. CONCLUSION: This study uses a large amount of information from cancer registries which makes it possible to assess the cancer burden. Five-year prevalence is very sensitive to changes in incidence and demographic changes. Prevalence has to be estimated regularly in order to ensure accurate medical care meets demand.
Published: 2007

37. Morphological and biomechanical aspects of vulnerable coronary plaque

Author: Finet, G., Ohayon, J., Rioufol, G., Lefloch, S., Tracqui, P., Dubreuil, O., Tabib, A., DynaCell, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Ohayon, Jacques
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Inflammation, MESH: Models, Cardiovascular, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood Pressure, Coronary Artery Disease, Necrosis, Heart Rate, Humans, MESH: Coronary Vessels, MESH: Coronary Artery Disease, MESH: Heart Rate, MESH: Biomechanics, MESH: Rupture, Spontaneous, Inflammation, MESH: Necrosis, MESH: Stress, Mechanical, MESH: Humans, Rupture, Spontaneous, Models, Cardiovascular, MESH: Blood Pressure, Coronary Vessels, Fibrosis, Lipids, MESH: Lipids, MESH: Hemorheology, Biomechanical Phenomena, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, Pulsatile Flow, Hemorheology, MESH: Pulsatile Flow, MESH: Fibrosis, Stress, Mechanical, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Vulnerable plaque morphology has been described by gross pathology and intravascular ultrasound, but morphological criteria cannot fully explain vulnerability, which involves four distinct factors: 1) inflammatory and biological processes; 2) geometry; 3) composition; and 4) hemodynamic stress. These last three aspects underlie the biomechanical study of vulnerable plaque. By virtue of the nature of their evolution, atherosclerotic plaques tend to be excentric, and this is a crucial morphological feature, causing circumferential stress to peak in very specific juxta-luminal locations, where it can exceed the rupture threshold of collagen, the basic constituent of arterial architecture. The lipido-necrotic core covered by a fibrous cap, formed in young plaques, is another morphological feature, which, can also increase and concentrate circumference stress in the juxta-luminal fibrous cap. The larger the lipid core, the thinner the fibrous cap and the greater is the stress. There are also inflammatory processes in such areas, which tend to reduce cap thickness. Ruptures occur when this thickness falls below 65 microns. Heart rate, blood pressure and pulse pressure are all biomechanical factors affecting vulnerable arterial walls, increasing circumferential stress and material fatigue. Vulnerable plaques are almost always associated with positive arterial remodeling. Numerical simulation has shown such so-called compensatory remodeling to be exclusively due to the healthy arc stretching in vulnerable plaques. Positive remodeling is optimal when the healthy arc is around 170 degrees, which keeps the lumen area relatively stable as long as the plaque does not exceed 40% to 50%. This mechanism does not apply to concentric plaques. In conclusion, the mechanism of vulnerable plaque rupture is highly complex and multifactorial. This complexity more or less precludes prediction in individual cases: we are in the realms of chaos theory and acute sensitivity to initial conditions. The greatest caution is therefore required in any attempt to predict rupture from diagnostic imagery, which provides only morphological data on plaque's nature.
Published: 2007

38. [Anti-TNF alpha in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis]

Author: Claudepierre , Pascal, Wendling , Daniel, Cohen , Jean-David, Service de rhumatologie [CHU Henri Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Humbert, Murielle, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor, Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), and Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: MESH: Antirheumatic Agents, Time Factors, MESH : Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MESH: Risk Assessment, MESH : Multicenter Studies as Topic, Severity of Illness Index, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, MESH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Etanercept, MESH: Arthritis, Psoriatic, Multicenter Studies as Topic, MESH : Risk Assessment, MESH : Algorithms, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MESH : Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, MESH: Immunoglobulin G, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH : Antirheumatic Agents, MESH : Dermatologic Agents, Treatment Outcome, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, MESH : Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antirheumatic Agents, MESH : Severity of Illness Index, Algorithms, MESH : Time Factors, MESH: Forecasting, MESH : Immunoglobulin G, MESH: Algorithms, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Risk Assessment, [ SDV.MHEP.RSOA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, Humans, MESH : Forecasting, MESH : Arthritis, Psoriatic, MESH: Humans, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, MESH : Humans, MESH: Time Factors, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Adalimumab, MESH: Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, MESH : Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Infliximab, MESH: Dermatologic Agents, MESH: Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MESH: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Immunoglobulin G, MESH: Multicenter Studies as Topic, Dermatologic Agents, Forecasting
Abstract: National audience; Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory and possibly destructive form of arthritis. As in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, the use of biological therapy in psoriatic arthritis is a therapeutic revolution: both articular and cutaneous efficacy have been shown, and some improvement is visible on radiography. The benefit-risk ratio will improve when we learn to identify more accurately the patients likely to benefit from these treatments.
Published: 2006

39. Prospects for exosomes in immunotherapy of cancer

Author: Grégoire Mignot, Stephan Roux, Laurence Zitvogel, Elodie Segura, Clotilde Théry, Role des Cellules Dendritiques Dans la Regulation des Effecteurs de l'Immunite Antitumorale, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunité et cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris], Mignot, Grégoire, and Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Clinical Trials as Topic, Endosome, MESH: Immunotherapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Antigen presentation, Endosomes, exosomes, Biology, Exosome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Neoplasms, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Clinical Trials as Topic, MESH: Humans, MESH: Dendritic Cells, Germinal center, Cell Biology, Immunotherapy, Dendritic cell, Dendritic Cells, Neoplasms, Experimental, immunity, Microvesicles, 3. Good health, Cell biology, MESH: Neoplasms, Experimental, MESH: Endosomes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, Phenomenin Review Series, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, immunotherapy, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Exosomes are nanometer sized membrane vesicles invaginating from multivesicular bodies and secreted from epithelial and hematopoietic cells. They were first described "in vitro" but vesicles with the hallmarks of exosomes are present in vivo in germinal centers and biological fluids. Their protein and lipid composition are unique and could account for their expanding functions such as eradication of obsolete proteins, antigen presentation or "Trojan horses" for viruses or prions. Exosome secretion could be a regulated process participating in the transfer of molecules inbetween immune cells. Despite numerous questions pertaining to their biological relevance, the potential of dendritic cell derived-exosomes as cell-free cancer vaccines is currently being assessed. This review will summarize the composition and formation of exosomes, preclinical data, Phase I trials and optimization protocols for improving their immunogenicity in tumor bearing patients.
Published: 2006

40. Osteosarcoma: current status of immunotherapy and future trends (Review)

Author: François Gouin, Kanji Mori, Françoise Rédini, Bertrand Cherrier, Dominique Heymann, Heymann, D, Physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Shiga University of Medical Science
Subjects: Oncology, musculoskeletal diseases, MESH: Forecasting, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Osteosarcoma, MESH: Immunotherapy, Genetic enhancement, medicine.medical_treatment, Bone Neoplasms, Metastasis, Cell therapy, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Survival rate, neoplasms, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Osteosarcoma, MESH: Humans, business.industry, apoptosis, Cancer, General Medicine, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, MESH: Bone Neoplasms, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Immunology, Sarcoma, bone metabolism, business, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor and represents a major therapeutic challenge in medical oncology. While the use of aggressive chemotherapy has drastically improved the prognosis of the patients with non-metastatic osteosarcomas, the very poor prognosis of patients with metastasis have led to the exploration of new, more effective and less toxic treatments, such as immunotherapy for curing osteosarcoma. Compared to the numerous reports describing successful immunotherapy for other solid tumors, the number of reports concerning immunotherapy for osteosarcoma is low. However, this therapeutic strategy opens new areas for the treatment of osteosarcoma. In this review, the reasons for delay and all elements essential to develop immunotherapy concerning osteosarcoma are defined. Several pieces of evidence strongly support the potential capability of new therapies such as cellular therapy and gene therapy to eradicate osteosarcoma. Thus, clinical human trials using peptides, cytokines and dendritic cells have been performed. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and some tumor antigens have been identified in osteosarcoma and resulted in an important breakthrough in cellular immunotherapy. Also, RANKL/RANK/OPG, the key regulator of bone metabolism, is a hot spot in this field as therapeutic tools. Immunotherapy for osteosarcomas has great potential, promising improvement in the survival rate and better quality of life for the patients.
Published: 2006

41. [Education, is it the answer?]

Author: Lamouroux, Annie, Vervloet, D., PERIGNON, Alain, Neurobiologie génétique et intégrative (NGI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF), Service de Pneumologie-Allergologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud )
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, Adult, MESH: Asthma, Adolescent, Attitude of Health Personnel, MESH: Health Behavior, MESH: Attitude of Health Personnel, Health Behavior, MESH: Patient Education as Topic, MESH: Respiratory Function Tests, Patient Education as Topic, MESH: Emergencies, MESH: Child, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Child, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, Age Factors, MESH: Quality of Life, MESH: Adult, Asthma, Respiratory Function Tests, Quality of Life, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Emergencies, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; L'éducation thérapeutique doit faire partie intégrante du soin, mais l'éducation, en tant que simple diffusion de connaissance reste insuffisante. Il paraît indispensable que le corps médical s'implique davantage, qu'il encourage les patients à participer aux programmes éducatifs et propose systématiquement aux patients des outils de contrôle, tels que le plan d'action qui doit être écrit et personnalisé. Pour ce faire, il semble nécessaire de développer des prises en charge, en amont de l'éducation, qui doivent, par nature, être centrées sur le patient, c'est-à-dire tenir compte du système de croyances dans lequel il évolue et ainsi renforcer les comportements, qui en matière de santé sont jugés sains et modifier les stratégies à la fois cognitives et comportementales considérés comme délétères. L'éducation thérapeutique n'est pas la solution miracle, mais avec une meilleure définition des contenus et une diffusion plus large des outils de contrôle, elle semble, en tout cas, améliorer considérablement les facteurs de morbidité.
Published: 2006

42. Modelling the epidemic of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK based on age characteristics: updated, detailed analysis

Author: Jean-Yves Cesbron, Guy Thomas, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Alain-Jacques Valleron, Robert G. Will, Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CIC Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Immunité Anti-Infectieuse (JE2236), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Transmission et pathogénèse des maladies à prions (TPMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Time Factors, Epidemiology, MESH: Risk Assessment, 01 natural sciences, Clinical onset, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, 010104 statistics & probability, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Poisson Distribution, Age of Onset, Likelihood Functions, Age Factors, New variant, 3. Good health, Population Surveillance, Disease Progression, MESH: Great Britain, MESH: Disease Progression, Disease Susceptibility, Monte Carlo Method, Statistics and Probability, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Age of Onset, MESH: Environmental Exposure, MESH: Disease Susceptibility, MESH: Monte Carlo Method, Risk Assessment, Incubation period, MESH: Population Surveillance, MESH: Poisson Distribution, 03 medical and health sciences, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 0101 mathematics, MESH: Age Factors, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Environmental Exposure, MESH: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, United Kingdom, nervous system diseases, Human exposure, MESH: Likelihood Functions, business, MESH: Models, Statistical, Demography, Forecasting
Abstract: Incubation period of the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) from infection to clinical onset and the eventual impact of the disease remain major concerns. Based on i) epidemiological conceptualization of human exposure to BSE contaminated material, ii) exponentially decreasing susceptibility after 15 years of age, and iii) typical incubation period (IP) distributions for time from infection to onset, we have previously estimated mean incubation period and projected number of vCJD cases. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of these estimates with respect to i-iii using the UK’s 113 vCJD cases with clinical onset before December 2000. Mean incubation period was estimated at 16.4 years (95% CI 11.4-24.8), 15.9 years (95% CI 11.4-22.0), 14.1 years (95% CI 10.4-24.2) with the log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distributions respectively. Corresponding predictions for the total size of the epidemic ranged from 183 to 304. Maximal susceptibility to infection between 1.3 and 15.9 years and decreasing by 15% per year of age thereafter yielded the best fit. The shape of the IP distribution did not affect the predictions. In summary, within a set of reasonable assumptions, mean incubation period for vCJD ranged from 15 to 20 years, and the eventual impact of vCJD was a few hundred patients.
Published: 2003

43. Weight loss and body mass index as predictors of HIV disease progression to AIDS in adults. Aquitaine cohort, France, 1985-1997

Author: Rodolphe Thiébaut, François Dabis, Denis Malvy, Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du Sida en Aquitaine, Catherine Marimoutou, Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine interne et maladies tropicales, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, and Mouillet, Evelyne
Subjects: Male, Medicine (miscellaneous), Body Mass Index, MESH: Proportional Hazards Models, Cohort Studies, Weight loss, Medicine, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: HIV, Hazard ratio, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Cohort, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Cohort study, MESH: Forecasting, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, Article, MESH: Body Mass Index, MESH: Weight Loss, Median follow-up, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, Humans, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Adolescent, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Humans, business.industry, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Confidence interval, Surgery, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Relative risk, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Body mass index, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of weight related nutritional markers (reported involuntary weight loss greater than 10%, measured weight loss and body mass index-BMI-) in predicting HIV disease progression. DESIGN: Multirisk cohort of HIV-1 infected patients. METHOD: The three nutritional variables were studied in Cox proportional hazard models as time dependant variables. RESULTS: The sample included 2376 subjects (median follow up: 43.1 months), of those 675 experienced an AIDS defining event. After adjustment for well known prognostic factors, the reported weight loss greater than 10% tripled the risk of progression to clinical AIDS (Hazard ratio [HR] 3.0. 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-3.7). For measured weight loss under 5%. between 5% and 10% and greater than 10% of baseline weight compared with no weight loss, hazard ratios were respectively 1.8 (CI 1.5-2.2), 2.6 (CI 2.1-3.2) and 5.1 (CI 4.1-6.4). The relative risks of AIDS were 1.7 (CI 1.3-2.2) for BMI between 17 kg/m2 and 18.5 kg/m2, 2.6 (CI 1.7-4.0) for BMI between 16 kg/m2 and 17 kg/m2 and 4.7 (CI 3.0-7.4) for BMI under 16 kg/m2. COMMENTS: Even a limited weight loss measured at a given time during follow up increases the risk of HIV progression; moreover, a simple cross-sectionnal measure of BMI has a good predictive value for subsequent development of clinical disease.
Published: 2002

44. Spatial epidemiology and climatic predictors of paediatric dengue infections captured via sentinel site surveillance, Phnom Penh Cambodia 2011–2012

Author: Rekol Huy, Veasna Duong, Sophie Goyet, Yee Sin Leo, Bunthin Y, Andrew A. Lover, Philippe Buchy, Chour Y Meng, Kdan Yuvatha, Anne Rachline, Ung Sophal, Philippe Cavailler, Duch Moniboth, Arnaud Tarantola, Ngan Chantha, Jeremy Brett, National University of Singapore (NUS), Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Regional Emerging Diseases Intervention Centre (REDI), National Paediatric Hospital, Ministry of Health [Phnom Penh], Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Sanofi Pasteur [Marcy-l'Étoile, France], Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Médecins Sans Frontières, Funding for this study was provided by Sanofi-Pasteur. The sponsors of the study were involved in study design and review of the manuscript, and the sponsors had no role in the data collection/analysis and the decision to publish was made jointly by all authors.
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Climate, MESH: Dengue, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Child, Neighbourhood (mathematics), Small-Area Analysis, Spatial epidemiology, MESH: Climate, Hospitals, Pediatric, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Cohort, MESH: Sentinel Surveillance, Female, Cambodia, Research Article, MESH: Forecasting, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Disease cluster, MESH: Hospitals, Pediatric, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Small-Area Analysis, Humans, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Models, Statistical, business.industry, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Child, Preschool, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Biostatistics, business, MESH: Female, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Models, Statistical, Demography, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND:Dengue is a major contributor to morbidity in children aged twelve and below throughout Cambodia; the 2012 epidemic season was the most severe in the country since 2007, with more than 42,000 reported (suspect or confirmed) cases.METHODS:We report basic epidemiological characteristics in a series of 701 patients at the National Paediatric Hospital in Cambodia, recruited during a prospective clinical study (2011-2012). To more fully explore this cohort, we examined climatic factors using multivariate negative binomial models and spatial clustering of cases using spatial scan statistics to place the clinical study within a larger epidemiological framework.RESULTS:We identify statistically significant spatial clusters at the urban village scale, and find that the key climatic predictors of increasing cases are weekly minimum temperature, median relative humidity, but find a negative association with rainfall maximum, all at lag times of 1-6 weeks, with significant effects extending to 10 weeks.CONCLUSIONS:Our results identify clustering of infections at the neighbourhood scale, suggesting points for targeted interventions, and we find that the complex interactions of vectors and climatic conditions in this setting may be best captured by rising minimum temperature, and median (as opposed to mean) relative humidity, with complex and limited effects from rainfall. These results suggest that real-time cluster detection during epidemics should be considered in Cambodia, and that improvements in weather data reporting could benefit national control programs by allow greater prioritization of limited health resources to both vulnerable populations and time periods of greatest risk. Finally, these results add to the increasing body of knowledge suggesting complex interactions between climate and dengue cases that require further targeted research
Published: 2014

45. Functional consequence of serotonin/5-HT2B receptor signaling in heart: A role of mitochondria for transition between hypertrophy and heart failure?

Author: Nebigil, Canan, Maroteaux, Luc, Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire (BSC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Fer à Moulin (IFM - Inserm U1270 - SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Maroteaux, Luc
Subjects: MESH: Signal Transduction, MESH: Forecasting, MESH: Receptors, Serotonin, Cardiomyopathy, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, receptors, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Mice, Knockout, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, genetics, MESH: Animals, MESH: Gene Silencing, MESH: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, MESH: Mice, MESH: Humans, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Heart Defects, Congenital, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, MESH: Heart, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, MESH: Serotonin, hypertrophy, signal transduction
Abstract: International audience; Congenital heart disease is a major cause of disability and morbidity, often initiated by both environmental components and genetic susceptibility. Identification of factors controlling myocardial differentiation and proliferation is of great importance for understanding the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] regulates cardiovascular functions during embryogenesis and adulthood. However, the molecular mechanism by which 5-HT regulates embryonic development of heart and cardiovascular functions remained unknown until recently. Inactivation of the 5-HT(2B) receptor (5-HT(2B)R) gene leads to embryonic and neonatal death due to the following defects in the heart: (a) 5-HT(2B)R mutant embryos exhibit a lack of trabeculae in the heart and a reduction in the expression levels of a tyrosine kinase receptor, called ErbB-2, leading to mid-gestation lethality. These in vivo data suggest that the Gq-coupled 5-HT(2B)R uses the signaling pathway of the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-2 for cardiac differentiation. (b) Newborn 5-HT(2B)R mutant mice exhibit cardiac dilation resulting from contractility deficits and structural deficits at the intercellular junctions between cardiomyocytes. (c) In adult 5-HT(2B)R mutant mice, echocardiography and electrocardiography confirm the presence of left ventricular dilation and decreased systolic function. These results constitute the first genetic evidence that 5-HT via the 5-HT(2B)R, regulates differentiation and proliferation during development as well as cardiac structure and function in adults.
Published: 2001

46. Identification of related proteins with weak sequence identity using secondary structure information

Author: Gilbert Deléage, Christophe Blanchet, Christophe Combet, Christophe Geourjon, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Deleage, Gilbert
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, Models, Molecular, Databases, Factual, MESH: Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, MESH: Sequence Alignment, MESH: Protein Structure, Secondary, Sequence alignment, MESH: Algorithms, Computational biology, Biology, Biochemistry, Protein Structure, Secondary, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein structure, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Proteins, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Homology modeling, Molecular Biology, Protein secondary structure, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Proteins, Genome project, Structural Classification of Proteins database, Protein superfamily, MESH: Databases, Factual, Threading (protein sequence), Sequence Alignment, MESH: Models, Molecular, Algorithms, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Molecular modeling of proteins is confronted with the problem of finding homologous proteins, especially when few identities remain after the process of molecular evolution. Using even the most recent methods based on sequence identity detection, structural relationships are still difficult to establish with high reliability. As protein structures are more conserved than sequences, we investigated the possibility of using protein secondary structure comparison (observed or predicted structures) to discriminate between related and unrelated proteins sequences in the range of 10%-30% sequence identity. Pairwise comparison of secondary structures have been measured using the structural overlap (Sov) parameter. In this article, we show that if the secondary structures likeness is >50%, most of the pairs are structurally related. Taking into account the secondary structures of proteins that have been detected by BLAST, FASTA, or SSEARCH in the noisy region (with high E: value), we show that distantly related protein sequences (even with
Published: 2001

47. La recherche en médecine générale en France : enjeux et perspectives

Author: LEVASEUR, Gwenola, Schweyer, François-Xavier, ENSP Rennes, Laboratoire d'analyse des politiques sociales et sanitaires (LAPSS), and École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Attitude of Health Personnel, MESH: Attitude of Health Personnel, MESH: Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice, Private Practice, Formation, MESH: Physicians Family/psychology, Recherche, MESH: Family Practice/organization & administration, MESH: Professional Autonomy, Santé publique, MESH: Family Practice/education, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Profession santé, Médecine générale, Humans, Etude comparée, Professional Autonomy, Physician's Role, UFR, Bibliographie, Publishing, Public health, MESH: Humans, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Research, Physicians, Family, Bilan, MESH: Physician's Role, MESH: Private Practice/organization & administration, MESH: Physicians Family/education, Europe, MESH: France, MESH: Needs Assessment, MESH: Publishing/trends Research/education, MESH: Research/organization & administration, Etude prospective, MESH: Total Quality Management, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, MESH: Publishing/statistics & numerical data, Family Practice, Needs Assessment, Forecasting, Total Quality Management
Abstract: There is a need to promote research within and on general practice to strengthen the place and prestige of the discipline, in particular within the Universities. This kind of research would contribute to improving the day-to-day work of GP's and consequently, the quality of the services they provide to the patients. The process is under way in all the industrialized countries. However, contradictory forces are crossing the field. The solo practice of most GP's is a barrier to interchange, it slows down the learning process and prevents all kinds of team work, all things necessary to research work. Furthermore, qualitative methods, which are inherent to research in general practice may not be recognized by the scientific community. On the other side, there is a great temptation to reject the conventional standards and proclaim the right to differency, which might be fatal.; Cet article a pour objet de cerner, à partir d'un état des lieux, ce que représente aujourd'hui, en France, la recherche en médecine générale, en insistant sur les enjeux et les perspectives de ce domaine d'activité qui n'a pas pour autant l'évidence d'une "nouvelle discipline". Une analyse détaillée de revues professionnelles a permis de construire un corpus de publications de recherche et de proposer une typologie des recherches, en approchant en même temps le groupe professionnel des "chercheurs en médecine générale", tel qu'il est repérable aujourd'hui en France. L'article présente en premier lieu le contexte institutionnel et les enjeux de la recherche en médecine générale, ensuite la production de recherche, tant par les thèmes traités et les démarches retenues que par les contraintes et les dynamiques observées, est analysée. Une première comparaison avec certains travaux européens permettra, en conclusion, de brosser quelques perspectives. (extrait du texte).
Published: 2001

48. Bayesian probabilistic approach for predicting backbone structures in terms of protein blocks

Author: de Brevern, Alexandre, Etchebest, Catherine, Hazout, Serge, Modélisation mathématique et statistique en biologie et médecine, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de biochimie théorique [Paris] (LBT (UPR_9080)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), de Brevern, Alexandre G., Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Models, Molecular, MESH: Forecasting, ab initio method, Databases, Factual, Protein Conformation, MESH: Bayes Theorem, unsupervised classifier, MESH: Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Secondary, Ligases, MESH: Neural Networks (Computer), MESH: Protein Conformation, MESH: Computer Simulation, Artificial Intelligence, structure-sequence relationships, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Artificial Intelligence, MESH: Ubiquitins, Computer Simulation, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Peptide Fragments, Ubiquitins, protein block, Bayesian approach, prediction strategies, Bayes Theorem, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Databases, Factual, Peptide Fragments, structure prediction, MESH: Ligases, Neural Networks, Computer, MESH: Models, Molecular, Forecasting, protein backbone structure
Abstract: By using an unsupervised cluster analyzer, we have identified a local structural alphabet composed of 16 folding patterns of five consecutive C(alpha) ("protein blocks"). The dependence that exists between successive blocks is explicitly taken into account. A Bayesian approach based on the relation protein block-amino acid propensity is used for prediction and leads to a success rate close to 35%. Sharing sequence windows associated with certain blocks into "sequence families" improves the prediction accuracy by 6%. This prediction accuracy exceeds 75% when keeping the first four predicted protein blocks at each site of the protein. In addition, two different strategies are proposed: the first one defines the number of protein blocks in each site needed for respecting a user-fixed prediction accuracy, and alternatively, the second one defines the different protein sites to be predicted with a user-fixed number of blocks and a chosen accuracy. This last strategy applied to the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (alpha/beta protein) shows that 91% of the sites may be predicted with a prediction accuracy larger than 77% considering only three blocks per site. The prediction strategies proposed improve our knowledge about sequence-structure dependence and should be very useful in ab initio protein modelling.
Published: 2000

49. [Description of long-term stays, based on PMSI data, in hospital specializing in short-term stays]

Author: Dalco, P, Gillois, G, Chatellier, G., Service d’Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), and Gillois, Pierre
Subjects: MESH: Forecasting, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Severity of Illness Index, MESH: Length of Stay, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [SCCO.COMP] Cognitive science/Computer science, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], MESH: Severity of Illness Index, Humans, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Diagnosis-Related Groups, health care economics and organizations, MESH: Diagnosis-Related Groups, Retrospective Studies, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], MESH: Humans, MESH: Patient Discharge, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Length of Stay, MESH: Hospitals, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Hospitals, Patient Discharge, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], MESH: France, France, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Forecasting
Abstract: In a context of organization of care where the budget of hospitals is a function of the number and of the severity of the in-patients and not of the duration of stay, stays of long duration (SLD) in short-stay hospitals represent a problem of both medical and administrative management. To identify the characteristics of long-duration stays.The data used in this retrospective study were drawn from the Standardized Discharge Summaries of the year 1997 of a University Hospital of the Paris area (France). A stay of long duration (SLD) was defined in an arbitrary way as a stay exceeding 30 days. The stays of long duration (30 days) were subdivided in "long stays" (from 31 to 60 days) and "very long stays" (more than 60 days).The SLDs represent 3.7% of the discharge summaries of our hospital, among them, 40% are medical DRGs and 60% surgical DRGs. The patients in SLD more often come from other structures of care than the patients having a short duration stay of (SDS) coming mainly from their residence and were also hospitalised in several different units during their stay. Patients having a long stay were more often classified in DRGs outside the principal activity of this hospital (i.e. cardiovascular diseases).This first approach suggests that a set of simple descriptive variables (pre-existing and acquired co-morbidity, admission in surgical ward, multi-unit stay...) makes it possible to identify the patients likely to have a long duration stay. Simple variables added to the current hospital minimum medical record would make it possible to consider a predictive approach.
Published: 2000

50. Recycling and refilling of transmitter quanta at the frog neuromuscular junction

Author: Jordi Molgó, William Van der Kloot, Cesare Colasante, Roger H. Cameron, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Laboratorio de Fisiología de La Conducta, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES)-Facultad de Medicina, Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire (NBCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF), and Outters-Lafaye, Michèle
Subjects: Physiology, MESH: Neurotransmitter Agents, MESH: Rana pipiens, MESH: Proton-Translocating ATPases, MESH: Motor Endplate, Escuela de Medicina, 0302 clinical medicine, Concanavalin A, MESH: Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, 0303 health sciences, Neurotransmitter Agents, MESH: Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone, MESH: Electrophysiology, Quantal size, Chemistry, Vesicle, Anatomy, Carbonyl cyanide, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophysiology, Solutions, Proton-Translocating ATPases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Membrane, MESH: Enzyme Inhibitors, Log-normal distribution, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Macrolides, MESH: Macrolides, Acetylcholine, medicine.drug, MESH: Forecasting, Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone, Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases, MESH: Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases, Neuromuscular Junction, MESH: Concanavalin A, MESH: Solutions, Synaptic vesicle, Motor Endplate, Neuromuscular junction, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicina y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, medicine, Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030304 developmental biology, Rana pipiens, Artículos, Original Articles, MESH: Potassium, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica (CME), Biophysics, Potassium, MESH: Neuromuscular Junction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Forecasting
Abstract: Fluorescent dyes have been used at the frog neuromuscular junction to label synaptic vesicular membrane. Retrieved membrane is reformed into vesicles, which are released along with pre-existing vesicles. Consequently, if vesicular refilling with acetylcholine (ACh) is depressed by inhibitors, two sizes of quanta should be released: normal and smaller. As recycling continues the fraction of smaller size quanta should increase exponentially. We enhanced the rate of quantal release by elevating the K+ concentration. The principal inhibitors were (-)-vesamicol (VES), hemicholinium-3 (HC3), and NH4+. Quantal size measurements were fitted to one and to two cumulative lognormal probability distribution functions. When two fitted better, the statistical significance assessment took into account the three additional parameters used in calculating the fit. After recycling in the presence of inhibitor, many sets were fitted better by two lognormal functions. As recycling continued, the fraction of the miniature endplate potential voltage-time integrals (∫MEPPs) in the larger sub-population decreased exponentially. The size of the releasable pool was estimated by counting the quanta released by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). This was compared to pool sizes calculated from the inhibitor experiments. The two estimates of pool size were indistinguishable, with mean values ranging from about 170 000 to 270 000. With all of the treatments tested, the means of the sizes in the smaller sub-population of ∫MEPPs were about 1/3 those of the larger sub-populations. Recycling synaptic vesicles appear to be incorporated into the releasable pool from which they have roughly the same probability of release as the pre-existing vesicles.
Published: 2000

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