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8 results on '"MESH : Nerve Net"'

1. Food Intake Adaptation to Dietary Fat Involves PSA-Dependent Rewiring of the Arcuate Melanocortin System in Mice

Author

Christophe Guissard, Cecile Hryhorczuk, Caroline Rigault, André Colom, Emmanuelle Nédélec, Luc Pénicaud, Anne Lorsignol, Claude Knauf, Philippe Valet, Alexandra Gouazé, Xavier Fioramonti, Alexandre Benani, Rita Gerardy-Schahn, Alice Krezymon, Thibaut Duparc, Aleth Lemoine, Xavier Brenachot, Jean Gascuel, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Hôpital de Rangueil-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale [Toulouse] ( CRCA ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STROMALab, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement Français du Sang-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Etablissement Français du Sang-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-05-PNRA-004], Burgundy county [FABER-2009-9201-AAO036S00635], Association Francaise d'Etudes et de Recherches sur l'Obesite, and Institut B. Delessert

Subjects
Male, MESH: Signal Transduction, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, SYNAPTIC INPUT ORGANIZATION, MESH: Energy Intake, Weight Gain, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Sialic Acids, NPY/AGRP NEURONS, MESH: Pro-Opiomelanocortin, MESH: Animals, MESH : Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, PLASTICITY, MESH : Pro-Opiomelanocortin, MESH : Adaptation, Physiological, Mice, Knockout, FEEDING CIRCUITS, MESH : Organ Culture Techniques, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, POLYSIALIC ACID, General Neuroscience, Leptin, MESH: Energy Metabolism, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, INDUCED OBESITY, MESH : Sialyltransferases, MESH : Weight Gain, Articles, Adaptation, Physiological, MESH : Mice, Transgenic, BODY-WEIGHT, MESH: Dietary Fats, Hypothalamus, CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE, MESH: Weight Gain, Ghrelin, ENERGY-BALANCE, Melanocortin, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, MESH : Male, MESH: Sialyltransferases, MESH: Arcuate Nucleus, Mice, Transgenic, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, Biology, MESH : Arcuate Nucleus, MESH: Sialic Acids, 03 medical and health sciences, Organ Culture Techniques, Insulin resistance, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Arcuate nucleus, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, medicine, Animals, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Signal Transduction, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, MESH : Energy Intake, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, Sialyltransferases, MESH: Organ Culture Techniques, MESH: Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH : Energy Metabolism, Endocrinology, MESH: Nerve Net, Sialic Acids, MESH : Nerve Net, MESH : Mice, Knockout, MESH : Animals, Nerve Net, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH : Dietary Fats, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Homeostasis, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; Hormones such as leptin and ghrelin can rapidly rewire hypothalamic feeding circuits when injected into rodent brains. These experimental manipulations suggest that the hypothalamus might reorganize continually in adulthood to integrate the metabolic status of the whole body. In this study, we examined whether hypothalamic plasticity occurs in naive animals according to their nutritional conditions. For this purpose, we fed mice with a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) and assessed brain remodeling through its molecular and functional signature. We found that HFD for 3 d rewired the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, increasing the anorexigenic tone due to activated pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. We identified the polysialic acid molecule (PSA) as a mediator of the diet-induced rewiring of arcuate POMC. Moreover, local pharmacological inhibition and genetic disruption of the PSA signaling limits the behavioral and metabolic adaptation to HFD, as treated mice failed to normalize energy intake and showed increased body weight gain after the HFD challenge. Altogether, these findings reveal the existence of physiological hypothalamic rewiring involved in the homeostatic response to dietary fat. Furthermore, defects in the hypothalamic plasticity-driven adaptive response to HFD are obesogenic and could be involved in the development of metabolic diseases.

Published
2012
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2. The Combined Effects of Inhibitory and Electrical Synapses in Synchrony

Author

David Golomb, Benjamin Pfeuty, Germán Mato, David Hansel, Neurophysique et physiologie du système moteur ( NPSM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] ( CONICET ) -Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] ( CNEA ), Instituto Balseiro [Bariloche], Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] ( CNEA ) -Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] ( UNCUYO ), Department of Physiology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ( BGU ), Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ( HUJ ), Centre de neurophysique, physiologie, pathologie ( UMR 8119 ), Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid ( UAM ), Laboratoire Franco-Israelien de Neurophysiologie et Neurophysique des Systèmes, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Neurophysique et physiologie du système moteur (NPSM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Centre de neurophysique, physiologie, pathologie (UMR 8119), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)

Subjects
MESH: Gap Junctions, Action Potentials, Synaptic Transmission, MESH: Synapses, Synapse, Models of neural computation, MESH : Electric Conductivity, Phase response, MESH: Animals, MESH : Dendrites, MESH: Action Potentials, Physics, MESH : Synaptic Transmission, MESH : Neural Networks (Computer), Gap Junctions, MESH: Neural Inhibition, MESH : Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Interneurons, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH : Computer Simulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Electrical Synapses, GABAergic, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Gap Junctions, MESH : Synapses, Interneuron, Cognitive Neuroscience, Models, Neurological, MESH: Electric Conductivity, MESH : Interneurons, MESH: Dendrites, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, MESH: Neural Networks (Computer), MESH: Computer Simulation, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Interneurons, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH : Action Potentials, MESH: Synaptic Transmission, medicine, Animals, MESH : Models, Neurological, Computer Simulation, Electric Conductivity, Conductance, Neural Inhibition, Dendrites, Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Nerve Net, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Synapses, MESH : Nerve Net, Neural Networks, Computer, MESH : Animals, Nerve Net, Neuroscience, MESH : Neural Inhibition
Abstract

Recent experimental results have shown that GABAergic interneurons in the central nervous system are frequently connected via electrical synapses. Hence, depending on the area or the subpopulation, interneurons interact via inhibitory synapses or electrical synapses alone or via both types of interactions. The theoretical work presented here addresses the significance of these different modes of interactions for the interneuron networks dynamics. We consider the simplest system in which this issue can be investigated in models or in experiments: a pair of neurons, interacting via electrical synapses, inhibitory synapses, or both, and activated by the injection of a noisy external current. Assuming that the couplings and the noise are weak, we derive an analytical expression relating the cross-correlation (CC) of the activity of the two neurons to the phase response function of the neurons. When electrical and inhibitory interactions are not too strong, they combine their effect in a linear manner. In this regime, the effect of electrical and inhibitory interactions when combined can be deduced knowing the effects of each of the interactions separately. As a consequence, depending on intrinsic neuronal proper-ties, electrical and inhibitory synapses may cooperate, both promoting synchrony, or may compete, with one promoting synchrony while the other impedes it. In contrast, for sufficiently strong couplings, the two types of synapses combine in a nonlinear fashion. Remarkably, we find that in this regime, combining electrical synapses with inhibition ampli-fies synchrony, whereas electrical synapses alone would desynchronize the activity of the neurons. We apply our theory to predict how the shape of the CC of two neurons changes as a function of ionic channel conduc-tances, focusing on the effect of persistent sodium conductance, of the firing rate of the neurons and the nature and the strength of their interac-tions. These predictions may be tested using dynamic clamp techniques.

Published
2005
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3. The deletion of the microtubule-associated STOP protein affects the serotonergic mouse brain network

Author

Fournet, Vincent, Jany, Marion, Fabre, Véronique, Chali, Farah, Orsal, Didier, Schweitzer, Annie, Andrieux, Annie, Messanvi, Fany, Giros, Bruno, Hamon, Michel, Lanfumey, Laurence, Deloulme, Jean-Christophe, Martres, Marie-Pascale, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM MENESR (Paris, France), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences ( GIN ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( CRICM ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), and Andrieux, Annie

Subjects
MESH : Serotonin, MESH : Male, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Mice, Inbred BALB C, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH : Mice, 129 Strain, MESH : Maze Learning, MESH: Brain, MESH: Mice, 129 Strain, MESH : Mice, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Mice, MESH : Mice, Inbred BALB C, MESH: Maze Learning, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Male, MESH: Microtubule-Associated Proteins, MESH : Brain, MESH: Nerve Net, MESH : Microtubule-Associated Proteins, [ SDV.NEU.NB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH : Nerve Net, MESH : Mice, Knockout, MESH: Serotonin, MESH : Animals, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; The deletion of microtubule-associated protein stable tubule only polypeptide (STOP) leads to neuroanatomical, biochemical and severe behavioral alterations in mice, partly alleviated by antipsychotics. Therefore, STOP knockout (KO) mice have been proposed as a model of some schizophrenia-like symptoms. Preliminary data showed decreased brain serotonin (5-HT) tissue levels in STOP KO mice. As literature data demonstrate various interactions between microtubule-associated proteins and 5-HT, we characterized some features of the serotonergic neurotransmission in STOP KO mice. In the brainstem, mutant mice displayed higher tissue 5-HT levels and in vivo synthesis rate, together with marked increases in 5-HT transporter densities and 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels and electrophysiological sensitivity, without modification of the serotonergic soma number. Conversely, in projection areas, STOP KO mice exhibited lower 5-HT levels and in vivo synthesis rate, associated with severe decreases in 5-HT transporter densities, possibly related to reduced serotonergic terminals. Mutant mice also displayed a deficit of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, probably related to both STOP deletion and 5-HT depletion. Finally, STOP KO mice exhibited a reduced anxiety- and, probably, an increased helpness-status, that could be because of the strong imbalance of the serotonin neurotransmission between somas and terminals. Altogether, these data suggested that STOP deletion elicited peculiar 5-HT disconnectivity.

Published
2010
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4. SIMONE: a realistic neural network simulator to reproduce MEA-based recordings

Author

Isabelle E. Magnin, Christophe Pouzat, Blaise Yvert, Antoine Chaffiol, R. Escola, Régis Guillemaud, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de physiologie cérébrale (LPC - UMR 8118), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de physiologie cérébrale ( LPC - UMR 8118 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche et d'Application en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)

Subjects
MESH: Microelectrodes, Computer science, MESH: Neurons, Action Potentials, Synaptic Transmission, American cockroach, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Application-specific integrated circuit, Relay, law, SpikeOMatic, Preprocessor, SIMONE, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], MESH : Algorithms, MESH: Action Potentials, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, MESH : Synaptic Transmission, Artificial neural network, General Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, simulation, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], MESH : Computer Simulation, Spike sorting, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Probability distribution, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, Data compression, noise, Models, Neurological, Biomedical Engineering, extracellular, MESH: Algorithms, spike sorting, MESH : Neurons, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Computer Simulation, Robustness (computer science), MESH : Action Potentials, MESH: Models, Neurological, [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], spike detection, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Internal Medicine, Electronic engineering, MESH: Synaptic Transmission, MESH : Models, Neurological, Computer Simulation, integrate-and-fire, 030304 developmental biology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, MESH: Nerve Net, MESH : Microelectrodes, MESH : Nerve Net, Nerve Net, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], multielectrode array (MEA), Microelectrodes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Contemporary multielectrode arrays (MEAs) used to record extracellular activity from neural tissues can deliver data at rates on the order of 100 Mbps. Such rates require efficient data compression and/or preprocessing algorithms implemented on an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) close to the MEA. We present SIMONE (Statistical sIMulation Of Neuronal networks Engine), a versatile simulation tool whose parameters can be either fixed or defined by a probability distribution. We validated our tool by simulating data recorded from the first olfactory relay of an insect. Different key aspects make this tool suitable for testing the robustness and accuracy of neural signal processing algorithms (such as the detection, alignment, and classification of spikes). For instance, most of the parameters can be defined by a probabilistic distribution, then tens of simulations may be obtained from the same scenario. This is especially useful when validating the robustness of the processing algorithm. Moreover, the number of active cells and the exact firing activity of each one of them is perfectly known, which provides an easy way to test accuracy.

Published
2008
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5. Does hyperpriming reveal impaired spreading of activation in schizophrenia?

Author

Francis Eustache, Laurent Lecardeur, Mickaël Laisney, Sonia Dollfus, Emmanuel Stip, Bénédicte Giffard, Perrine Brazo, Groupe d'imagerie neuro-fonctionnelle (GIN - UMR 6194), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de psychiatrie [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Eustache, Francis, Groupe d'imagerie neuro-fonctionnelle ( GIN - UMR 6194 ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Université de Montréal

Subjects
Male, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Semantics, Developmental psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Semantic similarity, MESH: Spreading Cortical Depression, MESH : Female, MESH : Paired-Associate Learning, Attention, MESH : Semantics, Cerebral Cortex, Cortical Spreading Depression, Electroencephalography, MESH : Adult, Paired-Associate Learning, Semantics, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, MESH : Cerebral Cortex, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Adult, MESH : Spreading Cortical Depression, MESH : Male, MESH: Paired-Associate Learning, MESH : Attention, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Schizophrenia, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Electroencephalography, Biological Psychiatry, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH : Mental Recall, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Schizophrenia, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, 030227 psychiatry, MESH: Nerve Net, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Mental Recall, MESH : Nerve Net, Nerve Net, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Enhancement of semantic priming effects (hyperpriming) has been well documented in schizophrenic patients (Minzenberg et al. 2002). In a previous study, we demonstrated that hyperpriming was related to a more pronounced requirement to inhibit unrelated information (Lecardeur et al. 2007). On the other hand, several authors have suggested that hyperpriming could reflect enhanced spreading of semantic activation in schizophrenia (Spitzer et al. 1993; Spitzer 1997; Moritz et al. 2001). So far, there are few reports that attempted to study the spreading of activation in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controls, when the links between semantically related information were manipulated. Notably, authors stated that activation could consequently spread farther and further in the semantic networks of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, enhanced spreading of activation was hypothesized to be responsible of the appearance of thought and language disorders in schizophrenic patients. Consequently, we examined whether the manipulation of the type of connection and the semantic distance between prime and target can modulate semantic priming effects in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controls.

Published
2007
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6. Does the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus play a role in language? A brain stimulation study

Author

Hugues Duffau, Emmanuel Mandonnet, Peggy Gatignol, Aurélien Nouet, Laurent Capelle, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle ( LIF ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Laboratoire de la Cognition et du Comportement, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Saidi, Vanessa, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Male, MESH : Postoperative Per, MESH : Brain Mapping, MESH : Electric Stimulation, MESH: Language Disorders, MESH : Anomia, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Glioma, Intraoperative Period, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Neural Pathways, Neural Pathways, Arcuate fasciculus, Semantic memory, MESH : Female, Postoperative Period, [ SDV.IB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, Temporal cortex, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Brain Neoplasms, 05 social sciences, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Glioma, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Language Disorders, Temporal Lobe, Semantics, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Anomia, MESH: Language, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, MESH : Cerebral Cortex, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH : Intraoperative Period, Psychology, Adult, MESH : Male, Uncinate fasciculus, Anomia, Occipitofrontal fasciculus, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Language, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH : Middle Aged, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, MESH : Brain Neoplasms, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Intraoperative Period, Language Disorders, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Postoperative Per, MESH: Nerve Net, MESH : Glioma, Brain stimulation, MESH : Nerve Net, Neurology (clinical), Nerve Net, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Although advances in diffusion tensor imaging have enabled us to better study the anatomy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), its function remains poorly understood. Recently, it was suggested that the subcortical network subserving the language semantics could be constituted, in parallel with the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, by the left ILF, joining the posterior occipitotemporal regions to the temporal pole, then relayed by the uncinate fasciculus connecting the anterior temporal pole to the frontobasal areas. Nevertheless, this hypothesis was solely based on neurofunctional imaging, allowing a cortical mapping but with no anatomofunctional information regarding the white matter. Here, we report a series of 12 patients operated on under local anaesthesia for a cerebral low-grade glioma located within the left temporal lobe. Before and during resection, we used the method of intraoperative direct electrostimulation, enabling us to perform accurate and reliable anatomofunctional correlations both at cortical and subcortical levels. In order to map the ILF. Using postoperative MRI, we correlated these functional findings with the anatomical locations of the sites where language disturbances were elicited by stimulations, both at cortical and subcortical levels. Our goal was to study the potential existence of parallel and distributed language networks crossing the left dominant temporal lobe, subserved by distinct subcortical pathways--namely the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus and the ILF. Intraoperative stimulation of the anterior and middle temporal cortex elicited anomia in four patients. At the subcortical level, semantic paraphasia were induced in seven patients during stimulation of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and phonological paraphasia was generated in seven patients by stimulating the arcuate fasciculus. Interestingly, subcortical stimulation never elicited any language disturbances when performed at the level of the ILF. In addition, following a transient postoperative language deficit, all patients recovered, despite the resection of at least one part of the ILF, as confirmed by control MRI. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the "semantic ventral stream" could be constituted by at least two parallel pathways within the left dominant temporal lobe: (i) a direct pathway, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, that connects the posterior temporal areas and the orbitofrontal region, crucial for language semantic processing, since it elicits semantic paraphasia when stimulated; (ii) and also possibly an indirect pathway subserved by the ILF, not indispensable for language, since it can be compensated both during stimulation and after resection.

Published
2007
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7. A continuous attractor network model without recurrent excitation: maintenance and integration in the head direction cell system

Author

Nicolas Brunel, Christian Boucheny, Angelo Arleo, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action (LPPA), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurophysique et physiologie du système moteur (NPSM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de neurophysique, physiologie, pathologie (UMR 8119), Laboratoire de physiologie de la perception et de l'action (LPPA), Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Collège de France (CdF) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Time Factors, Computer science, Motion Perception, Action Potentials, MESH: Head Movements, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Neural Pathways, Thalamus, Neural Pathways, MESH: Animals, Head direction cells, head direction cells, Attractor network, MESH: Action Potentials, Network model, MESH: Thalamus, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Basis (linear algebra), MESH : Neural Networks (Computer), spiking neurons, Dynamics (mechanics), Sensory Systems, MESH: Systems Theory, MESH: Motion Perception, Head Movements, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Space Perception, MESH : Time Factors, MESH : Motion Perception, Cognitive Neuroscience, Population, Models, Neurological, MESH: Space Perception, Systems Theory, Angular velocity, Topology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH: Neural Networks (Computer), MESH : Action Potentials, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH : Models, Neurological, Animals, MESH : Thalamus, Motion perception, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], education, integrate-and-fire, Simulation, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Systems Theory, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Time Factors, MESH : Head Movements, MESH: Nerve Net, continuous attractor networks, Space Perception, MESH : Nerve Net, MESH : Animals, Neural Networks, Computer, Nerve Net, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Motivated by experimental observations of the head direction system, we study a three population network model that operates as a continuous attractor network. This network is able to store in a short-term memory an angular variable (the head direction) as a spatial profile of activity across neurons in the absence of selective external inputs, and to accurately update this variable on the basis of angular velocity inputs. The network is composed of one excitatory population and two inhibitory populations, with inter-connections between populations but no connections within the neurons of a same population. In particular, there are no excitatory-to-excitatory connections. Angular velocity signals are represented as inputs in one inhibitory population (clockwise turns) or the other (counterclockwise turns). The system is studied using a combination of analytical and numerical methods. Analysis of a simplified model composed of threshold-linear neurons gives the conditions on the connectivity for (i) the emergence of the spatially selective profile, (ii) reliable integration of angular velocity inputs, and (iii) the range of angular velocities that can be accurately integrated by the model. Numerical simulations allow us to study the proposed scenario in a large network of spiking neurons and compare their dynamics with that of head direction cells recorded in the rat limbic system. In particular, we show that the directional representation encoded by the attractor network can be rapidly updated by external cues, consistent with the very short update latencies observed experimentally by Zugaro et al. (2003) in thalamic head direction cells.

Published
2005
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8. Optimal information storage and the distribution of synaptic weights: perceptron versus Purkinje cell

Author

Brunel, Nicolas, Hakim, Vincent, Isope, Philippe, Nadal, Jean-Pierre, Barbour, Boris, Neurophysique et physiologie du système moteur (NPSM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS (LPS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurobiologie (UMR 8544) (NEURO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurophysique et physiologie du système moteur ( NPSM ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS ( LPS ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Neurobiologie (UMR 8544) ( NEURO ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Rats, [ PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Models, Neurological, Synaptic Transmission, MESH: Synapses, MESH : Learning, Purkinje Cells, MESH: Afferent Pathways, MESH: Neural Networks (Computer), MESH: Purkinje Cells, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Synaptic Transmission, Animals, Learning, MESH : Models, Neurological, MESH: Animals, [PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn], MESH: Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Afferent Pathways, MESH : Synaptic Transmission, MESH : Afferent Pathways, MESH : Neural Networks (Computer), MESH : Rats, MESH : Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, MESH : Purkinje Cells, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Reproducibility of Results, Neural Inhibition, MESH: Neural Inhibition, Rats, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Nerve Net, [ SDV.NEU.NB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Synapses, MESH : Nerve Net, MESH: Learning, Neural Networks, Computer, MESH : Animals, Nerve Net, MESH : Synapses, MESH : Neural Inhibition
Abstract

International audience; It is widely believed that synaptic modifications underlie learning and memory. However, few studies have examined what can be deduced about the learning process from the distribution of synaptic weights. We analyze the perceptron, a prototypical feedforward neural network, and obtain the optimal synaptic weight distribution for a perceptron with excitatory synapses. It contains more than 50% silent synapses, and this fraction increases with storage reliability: silent synapses are therefore a necessary byproduct of optimizing learning and reliability. Exploiting the classical analogy between the perceptron and the cerebellar Purkinje cell, we fitted the optimal weight distribution to that measured for granule cell-Purkinje cell synapses. The two distributions agreed well, suggesting that the Purkinje cell can learn up to 5 kilobytes of information, in the form of 40,000 input-output associations.

Published
2004
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