Descriptor: "MESH : Obesity" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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33 results on '"MESH : Obesity"'

1. Appetite control by the tongue-gut axis and evaluation of the role of CD36/SR-B2

Author: Philippe Besnard, I. Niot, Equipe NuTox (LNC - U1231) ( NUTOX ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Equipe NuTox (LNC - U1231) (NUTOX), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, CD36 Antigens, CD36, Appetite, Biochemistry, SR-B2, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, Receptor, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, MESH : Food Preferences, MESH : Tongue, MESH: Tongue, General Medicine, Lipids, 3. Good health, MESH : Antigens, CD36, Overconsumption, Appetite control, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Appetite, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Food Preferences, Tongue, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Lipid sensor, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Obesity, MESH: Food Preferences, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Antigens, CD36, MESH : Humans, Fatty acid, MESH : Lipids, medicine.disease, MESH: Lipids, Gastrointestinal Tract, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Membrane protein, biology.protein, MESH: Appetite, MESH: Gastrointestinal Tract, MESH : Animals, MESH : Gastrointestinal Tract, Function (biology)
Abstract: IF 3.112; International audience; Understanding the mechanisms governing food intake is a public health issue given the dramatic rise of obesity over the world. The overconsumption of tasty energy-dense foods rich in lipids is considered to be one of the nutritional causes of this epidemic. Over the last decade, the identification of fatty acid receptors in strategic places in the body (i.e. oro-intestinal tract and brain) has provided a major progress in the deciphering of regulatory networks involved in the control of dietary intake. Among these lipid sensors, CD36/SR-B2 appears to play a significant role since this membrane protein, known to bind long-chain fatty acid with a high affinity, was specifically found both in enterocytes and in a subset of taste bud cells and entero-endocrine cells. After a short overview on CD36/SR-B2 structure, function and regulation, this mini-review proposes to analyze the key findings about the role of CD36/SR-B2 along of the tongue-gut axis in relation to appetite control. In addition, we discuss whether obesogenic diets might impair lipid sensing mediated by CD36/SR-B2 along this axis.
Published: 2017
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2. Obesity interferes with the orosensory detection of long-chain fatty acids in humans

Author: Géraldine Enderli, Déborah Ancel, Michael Chevrot, Isabelle Robin, Sylvie Issanchou, Arnaud Bernard, Bruno Vergès, Patricia Passilly-Degrace, Philippe Besnard, Marlène Gomes, Sophie Nicklaus, Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) ( NUTox ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Supported by the Burgundy Council and Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitie're (HumanFATaste program, to PB). MC is a PhD fellow of the HumanFATaste program., Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) (NUTox), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Bernard, Arnaud, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, obesity, Chemical Phenomena, MESH : Insulin, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Cholesterol, VLDL, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Food Habits, Stimulation, MESH: Energy Intake, MESH : Taste, MESH : Fasting, Body Mass Index, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Cholesterol, VLDL, MESH: Diet Records, Insulin, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Physicochemical Phenomena, Completely randomized design, MESH : Food Habits, Cross-Over Studies, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Food Preferences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Fasting, Middle Aged, Diet Records, MESH : Triglycerides, Sensory Thresholds, Taste, MESH : Obesity, MESH: Triglycerides, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, Linoleic acid, MESH: Fasting, MESH: Insulin, MESH: Cross-Over Studies, MESH: Body Mass Index, Linoleic Acid, MESH : Diet Records, Food Preferences, BMI, MESH : Linoleic Acid, Internal medicine, Autonomic reflex, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, human, MESH: Food Preferences, Triglycerides, MESH : Cholesterol, VLDL, MESH: Linoleic Acid, MESH: Humans, Cholesterol, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH : Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, MESH : Blood Glucose, MESH : Cross-Over Studies, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Obesity, MESH: Male, fat taste, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH: Physicochemical Phenomena, MESH : Body Mass Index, Endocrinology, chemistry, MESH: Blood Glucose, MESH: Taste, food preference, MESH: Sensory Thresholds, Energy Intake, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Body mass index, MESH : Sensory Thresholds
Abstract: Background: The association between the orosensory detection of lipids, preference for fatty foods, and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) is controversial in humans. Objective: We explored the oral lipid-sensing system and the orosensory-induced autonomic reflex system in lean and obese subjects. Design: Lean (BMI: 19 to ,25; n = 30) and obese (BMI .30; n = 29) age-matched men were enrolled. Their oral threshold sensitivity to linoleic acid (LA) was determined by using a 3-alternative forced-choice ascending procedure, and their eating habits were established by the analysis of 4 consecutive 24-h food-consumption diaries. The effect of brief oral lipid stimulations on plasma triglyceride [(TG)pl] concentrations was analyzed in overnight-fasted lean and obese individuals subjected to a whole-mouth stimulation (sipand-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsions for 5 min according to a within-subject randomized design. Results: A large distribution of LA detection was shown in both groups. Mean detection thresholds were 0.053% (wt:wt) and 0.071% (wt:wt) in lean and obese subjects, respectively. No relation between the LA detection threshold and BMI was observed. The 5 subjects who detected only the higher concentration of LA (5% wt: wt) or were unable to distinguish properly between control and LA emulsions were obese. An analysis of dietary habits showed that these obese LA nontasters consumed more lipids and energy than did all other subjects. Brief whole-mouth stimulations (sip-and-spit procedure) with a control or 1% LA emulsion revealed an LAmediated rise in (TG)pl concentrations in overnight-fasted, lean subjects. The origin of this change seemed to be hepatic. This (TG)pl upregulation was not shown in obese subjects, which suggested that obesity led to disturbances in the oral-brainstem-periphery loop. Conclusion: Altogether, these data strongly suggest that obesity may interfere with the orosensory system responsible for the detection of free long-chain fatty acids in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02028975. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10. 3945/ajcn.113.077198.
Published: 2014
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3. Immune Cell Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediates the Development of Obesity- and Endotoxemia-Associated Adipose Tissue Fibrosis

Author: Jacques Grober, Vladimir Stich, Philippe Gui, Corinne Lefort, Geneviève Tavernier, Virginie Bourlier, Isabelle K. Vila, Lenka Rossmeislová, Lucile Mir, Katie Louche, Anne Bouloumié, Nathalie Viguerie, Pierre Marie Badin, Balbine Roussel, Alexia Zakaroff-Girard, Dominique Langin, Cedric Moro, Marie Adeline Marques, Laurent Monbrun, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), PHOTONIQUE (XLIM-PHOTONIQUE), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Laboratoire d'Excellence : Lipoprotéines et Santé : prévention et Traitement des maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer (LabEx LipSTIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Forschungsinstitut für Rationalisierung e.V. (FIR) an der RWTH Aachen, Franco-czech Laboratory for clinical research on obesity, Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), I.K.V. was supported by fellowships from Inserm and Région Midi-Pyrénées. This work was supported by grants from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (LIPOB and OBELIP projects), Région Midi-Pyrénées, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, and the Commission of the European Communities (projects DIABAT, HEPADIP, and ADAPT) (to D.L.) and by a grant from Société Francophone du Diabète (to C.M.)., Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Departament Geodinàmica i Geofísica, Facultat de Geologia, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CRLCC - CGFL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Charles University [Prague], Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Simon, Marie Francoise, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Fédération Francophone de la Cancérologie Digestive, FFCD-Université de Montpellier (UM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Hôpital de Rangueil-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), PHOTONIQUE ( XLIM-PHOTONIQUE ), XLIM ( XLIM ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), U858 Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, MESH: Signal Transduction, MESH: Inflammation, MESH : Toll-Like Receptor 4, Adipose tissue, MESH : Adipocytes, MESH : Lipopolysaccharides, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fibrosis, Adipocyte, Adipocytes, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Mice, Inbred C3H, Toll-like receptor, MESH : Diet, High-Fat, MESH: Toll-Like Receptor 4, 3. Good health, MESH: Insulin Resistance, Adipose Tissue, MESH: Fibrosis, MESH : Fibrosis, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Insulin Resistance, MESH: Adipose Tissue, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Adipose tissue macrophages, Biology, Diet, High-Fat, MESH : Adipose Tissue, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Immune system, MESH : Mice, Inbred C3H, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, medicine, Animals, Humans, Obesity, MESH: Mice, Inbred C3H, MESH: Mice, MESH: Adipocytes, Inflammation, MESH : Signal Transduction, MESH : Inflammation, MESH: Humans, MESH : Endotoxemia, MESH : Humans, 3T3-L1, medicine.disease, MESH : Disease Models, Animal, Endotoxemia, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Diet, High-Fat, Endocrinology, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, MESH: Endotoxemia, MESH : Animals, Insulin Resistance, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Lipopolysaccharides, Adipocyte hypertrophy
Abstract: International audience; Adipose tissue fibrosis development blocks adipocyte hypertrophy and favors ectopic lipid accumulation. Here, we show that adipose tissue fibrosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans and mice. Kinetic studies in C3H mice fed a high-fat diet show activation of macrophages and progression of fibrosis along with adipocyte metabolic dysfunction and death. Adipose tissue fibrosis is attenuated by macrophage depletion. Impairment of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling protects mice from obesity-induced fibrosis. The presence of a functional Toll-like receptor 4 on adipose tissue hematopoietic cells is necessary for the initiation of adipose tissue fibrosis. Continuous low-dose infusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide, promotes adipose tissue fibrosis. Ex vivo, lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of fibrosis is prevented by antibodies against the profibrotic factor TGFβ1. Together, these results indicate that obesity and endotoxemia favor the development of adipose tissue fibrosis, a condition associated with insulin resistance, through immune cell Toll-like receptor 4.
Published: 2014
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4. Grape seed and skin extract reduces pancreas lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in high fat diet fed rats

Author: Naim Akhtar Khan, Kamel Charradi, Ezzedine Aouani, Faten Aloui, Selvakumar Subramaniam, Aziz Hichami, Ferid Limam, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif) (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (Hammam-Lif, Tunisie), Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) (NUTox), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives (Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif) ( LSBA ), Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) ( NUTox ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA )
Subjects: Male, MESH : Oxidative Stress, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Inflammation, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Grape Seed Extract, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Obesity, Vitis, MESH: Animals, MESH : Pancreas, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Oxidative Stress, MESH : Grape Seed Extract, MESH : Rats, MESH : Diet, High-Fat, food and beverages, General Medicine, MESH: Pancreas, 3. Good health, Lipotoxicity, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Seeds, MESH : Antioxidants, MESH : Obesity, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, Grape seed and skin extract, MESH: Rats, MESH : Male, Inflammation, Biology, Diet, High-Fat, MESH : Rats, Wistar, MESH: Vitis, MESH : Vitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Obesity, Rats, Wistar, Pancreas, Pharmacology, MESH : Inflammation, Grape Seed Extract, Triglyceride, Cholesterol, MESH: Antioxidants, [ SDV.SP.PHARMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, MESH: Rats, Wistar, medicine.disease, MESH : Seeds, MESH: Male, Rats, MESH: Diet, High-Fat, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, MESH: Seeds, Oxidative stress, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, MESH : Animals, Steatosis
Abstract: IF 2.326; International audience; Obesity is related to an elevated risk of diabetes and the mechanisms whereby fat adversely affects the pancreas are poorly understood. We studied the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on pancreas steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the putative protection afforded by grape seed and skin extract (GSSE). HFD induced body weight gain, without affecting insulinemia, nor glycemia and dropped adiponectemia. HFD also provoked the ectopic deposition of cholesterol and triglyceride, and an oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylation, inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT, GPx and SOD, depletion of zinc and a concomitant increase in calcium and H2O2. HFD induced pro-inflammatory chemokines mRNA as RANTES and MCP1 as well as cytokines expression as TNFα, IL6 and IL1β. Importantly GSSE counteracted all the deleterious effects of HFD on pancreas in vivo i-e lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, GSSE could find potential applications in fat-induced pancreas lipotoxicity and dysfunction.
Published: 2016
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5. Parental practices perceived by children using a French version of the Kids’ Child Feeding Questionnaire

Author: Christine Lange, Sandrine Monnery-Patris, Claire Chabanet, Dominique Adèle Cassuto, Sylvie Issanchou, Natalie Rigal, Vincent Boggio, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Nanterre - Département de Psychologie, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de psychologie, Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, confirmatory factor analysis, obesity, food intake, MESH: Parenting, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], restriction, Overweight, MESH: Regression Analysis, MESH: Eating, Developmental psychology, Eating, MESH : Cross-Sectional Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH : Regression Analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Child, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Mass index, Overeating, MESH : Body Weight, General Psychology, Language, MESH : Parenting, 2. Zero hunger, child, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Parenting, girl, MESH : Questionnaires, MESH : Feeding Behavior, body, MESH: Interviews as Topic, Confirmatory factor analysis, style, MESH: Language, mass index, MESH: Feeding Behavior, Regression Analysis, MESH : Obesity, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology, Psychopathology, MESH : Eating, MESH : Male, MESH: Factor Analysis, Statistical, MESH : Factor Analysis, Statistical, body mass index, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH: Body Mass Index, Interviews as Topic, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Cronbach's alpha, MESH : Language, parental feeding practice, medicine, Humans, overweight, kids' child feeding, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], questionnaire, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH : Humans, Body Weight, association, Feeding Behavior, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, weight status, MESH : Body Mass Index, pressure to eat, Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH : Interviews as Topic, adolescent, Factor Analysis, Statistical, MESH: Female, Body mass index
Abstract: WOS:000293677900024; International audience; About 18% of 6-11-year-old French children are overweight, of whom 3.3% are obese. Parental feeding practices, especially restriction and pressure-to-eat, seem to promote overeating in children. Since no tool was available for the perception of parental feeding practices of French children, our aim was to validate a French version of the Kids'Child Feeding Questionnaire (KCFQ, Carper, Orlet Fischer, & Birch, 2000), and to determine the relationship between KCFQ's dimensions and children's standardised body mass index (BMI z-scores). The questionnaire was completed by 240 normal-weighted or overweight children between the age of 9 and 11. The validation was based on a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of factors was confirmed using Cronbach's coefficients. After deleting some items (3 for the pressure-to-eat subscale and 3 for the restriction subscale), the two-factor model (pressure-to-eat, restriction) provided an acceptable fit (χ² (34)=64; RMSEA=.06; CFI=0.93; NNFI=.90), and satisfactory internal consistency. Children's perception of restriction was significantly and positively correlated with BMI z-scores (r=36, p
Published: 2011
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6. Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Relations with Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension, and Birth Outcomes

Author: Monique Kaminski, Anne Forhan, Olivier Thiebaugeorges, Marie-Aline Charles, Michel Schweitzer, Bernard Foliguet, Guillaume Magnin, Valérie Goua, Barbara Heude, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Foetopathologie et placentologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Service de gynécologie et obstétrique [Poitiers], Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ), Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants ( UMR_S 953 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), We acknowledge all the funding sources for the EDEN study: Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), French Ministry of Research: IFR and Cohort program, INSERM Nutrition Research Program, French Ministry of Health Perinatality Program, French Agency for Environment Security (AFFSET), French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (INVS), Paris-Sud University, French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), Nestlé, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), French speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (Alfediam), National Agency for Research (ANR non thematic program), National Institute for Research in Public Health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program), and EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study group
Subjects: Epidemiology, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Fetal Macrosomia, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Birth Weight, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, 2. Zero hunger, MESH : Pregnancy Outcome, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, MESH : Weight Gain, MESH : Infant, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Adult, MESH : Maternal Age, MESH : Risk Factors, 3. Good health, Gestational diabetes, MESH : Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Gestation, MESH : Obesity, Female, gestational diabetes, medicine.symptom, Maternal Age, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Birth weight, Gestational Age, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Fetal macrosomia, Humans, Obesity, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, MESH : Birth Weight, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, medicine.disease, MESH : Pregnancy, MESH : Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Gestational, MESH : Fetal Macrosomia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, MESH : Diabetes, Gestational, business, Body mass index, Weight gain, MESH : Gestational Age
Abstract: International audience; To study the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy with pregnancy and birth outcomes, with a focus on gestational diabetes and hypertension and their role in the association with fetal growth. We studied 1,884 mothers and offspring from the Eden mother-child cohort. Weight before pregnancy (W1) and weight after delivery (W2) were collected and we calculated BMI and net gestational weight gain (netGWG = (W2 - W1)/(weeks of gestation)). Gestational diabetes, hypertension gestational age and birth weight were collected. We used multivariate linear or logistic models to study the association between BMI, netGWG and pregnancy and birth outcomes, adjusting for center, maternal age and height, parity and average number of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy. High BMI was more strongly related to the risk of giving birth to a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) baby than high netGWG (odds ratio OR [95% CI] of 3.23 [1.86-5.60] and 1.61 [0.91-2.85], respectively). However, after excluding mothers with gestational diabetes or hypertension the ORs for LGA, respectively weakened (OR 2.57 [1.29-5.13]) for obese women and strengthened for high netGWG (OR 2.08 [1.14-3.80]). Low in comparison to normal netGWG had an OR of 2.18 [1.20-3.99] for pre-term birth, which became stronger after accounting for blood pressure and glucose disorders (OR 2.70 [1.37-5.34]). Higher net gestational weight gain was significantly associated with an increased risk of LGA only after accounting for blood pressure and glucose disorders. High gestational weight gain should not be neglected in regard to risk of LGA in women without apparent risk factors.
Published: 2011
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7. Effects of CB1 antagonist on the control of metabolic functions in obese type 2 diabetic patients

Author: Pier Vincenzo Piazza, Jean Girard, Max Lafontan, Simon, Marie Francoise, Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie du système nerveux central - Institut François Magendie, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-IFR8-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil ( I2MR ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-IFR8-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut Cochin ( UMR_S567 / UMR 8104 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Cannabinoid receptor, MESH : Piperidines, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Endocannabinoids, Adipose tissue, MESH: Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, MESH : Pyrazoles, Type 2 diabetes, Endocrinology, MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Piperidines, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Rimonabant, MESH: Obesity, Medicine, MESH: Energy Metabolism, General Medicine, Receptor antagonist, Lipids, Endocannabinoid system, MESH: Glucose, MESH: Piperidines, MESH : Obesity, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), MESH : Endocannabinoids, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, MESH : Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Orexigenic, Internal medicine, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Obesity, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, MESH : Glucose, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH : Lipids, medicine.disease, MESH: Lipids, MESH : Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pyrazoles, Cannabinoid, Energy Metabolism, business, MESH: Pyrazoles
Abstract: International audience; Clinical reports (RIO trials) have shown that chronic administration of a CB-cannabinoid receptor antagonist (rimonabant) provides improvements of disturbed metabolic parameters observed in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The production of endocannabinoid and the expression of CB1-cannabinoid receptors are largely distributed in the different organs aside from the brain. It is now clearly established that endocannabinoids act both through orexigenic effects and peripheral metabolic effects in various tissues involved in the control of metabolism and energy expenditure (i.e. adipose tissue, liver, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle and pancreas). This review will consider: i) the disturbances of glucose and lipid metabolisms in obese type 2 diabetics; ii) an overview of the pharmacological properties of rimonabant and iii) the various mechanisms involved in tissues and organs to explain the therapeutic efficacy of rimonabant. A special attention will be paid to its utilization in obese type 2 diabetics. The emerging concept of endocannabinoids acting as metabolic regulators is the more likely explanation of the success of rimonabant treatments in phase III studies.
Published: 2007
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8. Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Pathway in Reducing Overweight and Obesity. The PRALIMAP 2-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Abdou Y. Omorou, Johanne Langlois, Edith Lecomte, Anne Vuillemin, Serge Briançon, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation. Approches épidémiologiques et psychologiques. ( APEMAC - EA 4360 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
Subjects: Male, Psychological intervention, MESH : Overweight, Overweight, law.invention, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, MESH : Exercise, law, Weight loss, Surveys and Questionnaires, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, MESH: Obesity, Cluster Analysis, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 3. Good health, MESH : Obesity, Female, medicine.symptom, MESH : Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Sedentary Lifestyle, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Adolescent, MESH : Male, Health Promotion, Disease cluster, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, MESH : Cluster Analysis, Humans, Obesity, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Overweight, MESH: Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Exercise, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Weight change, MESH : Humans, medicine.disease, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Male, MESH : Body Mass Index, MESH: Exercise, MESH : Sedentary Lifestyle, MESH : Health Promotion, Physical therapy, MESH: Health Promotion, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sedentary Behavior, business, Body mass index, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background:explaining why and how overweight prevention programs were effective was a real need; especially the potential role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) should be highlighted. This study aimed to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a screening and care strategy in adolescents’ weight reduction with regards to PA and SB change.Methods:1745 adolescents aged 15.1 years from PRALIMAP trial was included (n = 840 for screening and care group and n = 905 for control group). PA and SB time (international physical activity questionnaire: IPAQ), body mass index (BMI), and BMI z-score were assessed at inclusion and after 2-year intervention. Hierarchical mixed models were applied.Results:Compared with the control group, screening and care strategy was associated with an increase in global PA (58 min/week), a moderate PA (43 min/week), the adherence to the French PA guidelines (OR = 1.3), and a decrease in SB (−198 min/week). The 2-year weight change decreased when adjusted for PA and SB suggesting that the effect of screening and care strategy was partly mediated by PA and SB.Conclusion:Screening and care intervention seemed to be effective in increasing PA and decreasing SB. The induced PA and SB modifications contributed to the observed weight change.
Published: 2014
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9. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity

Author: Stéphane Cauchi, Cécile Lecoeur, Peter Kovacs, Jacques Weill, Jérôme Delplanque, Pierre Bougnères, Claire Levy-Marchal, Vincent Vatin, Wieland Kiess, Serge Hercberg, Sophie Gallina, Emmanuelle Durand, Lena M. S. Carlsson, Jean-Claude Chèvre, Emmanuel Vaillant, Natascha Potoczna, Beverley Balkau, Antje Körner, Catherine Le Stunff, Juan Ruiz, François Pattou, Fritz F. Horber, David Meyre, Philippe Froguel, Michel Marre, Peter Jacobson, Christian Dina, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie de Lille (IBL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Développement artériel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Projets Industriels, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Synthèses, de Procédés et d'Ingénierie Chimiques d'Aix-Marseille (LIPI - ENSSPICAM), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3, Centro de Estudios en Semiconductores (C.E.S.), Dpto. Física, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique (LCOO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique [CHU Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Dr. Horber Adipositas Stiftung, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires ((U 695)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et nutrition [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Genome Centre, Imperial College London-Hammersmith campus, Institut de biologie de Lille - UMS 3702 (IBL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie de Lille ( IBL ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Physique, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 ( CPT ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Projets Industriels, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Synthèses, de Procédés et d'Ingénierie Chimiques d'Aix-Marseille ( LIPI - ENSSPICAM ), Universidad de Los Andes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas ( UNICAMP ), Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique ( LCOO ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 ( CPT ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ) -Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées ( LI2C ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle ( UREN ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Male, MESH: Introns, Variation (Genetics), FTO gene, Body Mass Index, MESH: Variation (Genetics), Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, SH2B1, MESH: Child, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Age of Onset, [ SDV.GEN.GH ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Child, MESH: Cohort Studies, Adiposity, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Variation (Genetics), Genetics of obesity, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, INSIG2, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH : Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH : Age of Onset, Europe, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO, Body Composition, MESH : Obesity, Female, Human, Adult, MESH : Case-Control Studies, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, MESH : Body Composition, MESH: Age of Onset, MESH : Europe, MESH : Cohort Studies, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, MESH : Introns, Chromosomes, Childhood obesity, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adiposity, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Obesity, Polymorphism, MESH: Adiposity, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Pair 16, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Body Composition, medicine.disease, Introns, MESH: Male, MESH : Body Mass Index, Endocrinology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Case-Control Studies, Attributable risk, MESH : Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Europe, MESH: Female, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Abstract: The authors identified a set of SNPs in the first intron of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene on chromosome 16q12.2 that is consistently strongly associated with early-onset and severe obesity in both adults and children of European ancestry with an experiment-wise P value of 1.67 x 10(-26) in 2,900 affected individuals and 5,100 controls. The at-risk haplotype yields a proportion of attributable risk of 22% for common obesity. They conclude that FTO contributes to human obesity and hence may be a target for subsequent functional analyses.
Published: 2007
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10. Obesity alters the gustatory perception of lipids in the mouse: plausible involvement of lingual CD36. : Obesity decreases the fat preference

Author: Déborah Ancel, Arnaud Bernard, Michael Chevrot, Isabelle Niot, Marjorie Buttet, Philippe Besnard, Souleymane Abdoul-Azize, Céline Martin, Jean-François Merlin, Naim Akhtar Khan, Hélène Poirier, Patricia Passilly-Degrace, Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) (NUTox), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Burgundy Council and Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL) (HumanFATaste program), FUI SYMPPA, Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) ( NUTox ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA )
Subjects: CD36 Antigens, CD36, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Adipose tissue, MESH : Behavior, Animal, Biochemistry, Calcium in biology, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, MESH : Calcium Signaling, MESH: Behavior, Animal, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, Lingual papilla, Research Articles, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, MESH : Food Preferences, Behavior, Animal, MESH : Tongue, MESH : Diet, High-Fat, MESH: Tongue, Taste Perception, taste sensitivity, MESH : Antigens, CD36, calcium imaging, Adipose Tissue, Health, MESH: Dietary Fats, MESH : Obesity, Fat taste, MESH: Adipose Tissue, medicine.medical_specialty, Food behavior, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, QD415-436, Biology, Diet, High-Fat, MESH: Calcium Signaling, MESH : Adipose Tissue, Food Preferences, 03 medical and health sciences, Calcium imaging, Tongue, Downregulation and upregulation, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, medicine, Animals, Calcium Signaling, Obesity, Fatty acids, MESH: Food Preferences, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, Nutrition, long-chain fatty acids, MESH: Antigens, CD36, MESH : Taste Perception, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Diet, High-Fat, MESH: Taste Perception, biology.protein, MESH : Animals, Body mass index, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH : Dietary Fats
Abstract: International audience; A relationship between orosensory detection of dietary lipids, regulation of fat intake, and body mass index was recently suggested. However, involved mechanisms are poorly understood. Moreover, whether obesity can directly modulate preference for fatty foods remains unknown. To address this question, exploration of the oral lipid sensing system was undertaken in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. By using a combination of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral approaches, we found that i) the attraction for lipids is decreased in obese mice, ii) this behavioral change has an orosensory origin, iii) it is reversed in calorie-restricted DIO mice, revealing an inverse correlation between fat preference and adipose tissue size, iv) obesity suppresses the lipid-mediated downregulation of the lipid-sensor CD36 in circumvallate papillae, usually found during the refeeding of lean mice, and v) the CD36-dependent signaling cascade controlling the intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i) in taste bud cells is decreased in obese mice. Therefore, obesity alters the lipid-sensing system responsible for the oral perception of dietary lipids. This phenomenon seems to take place through a CD36-mediated mechanism, leading to changes in eating behavior.
Published: 2013
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11. Obesity alters the gustatory perception of lipids in the mouse: plausible involvement of lingual CD36

Author: Chevrot, Michaël, Bernard, Arnaud, Ancel, Déborah, Buttet, Marjorie, Martin, Céline, Abdoul-Azize, Souleymane, Merlin, Jean-François, Poirier, Hélène, Niot, Isabelle, Khan, Naim Akhtar, Degrace-Passilly, Patricia, Besnard, Philippe, Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) ( NUTox ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Burgundy Council and Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL) (HumanFATaste program), FUI SYMPPA, Physiologie de la Nutrition et Toxicologie (NUTox) (U866, Lipides et nutrition, équipe 7) (NUTox), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)
Subjects: Food behavior, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Calcium Signaling, MESH : Behavior, Animal, MESH : Adipose Tissue, Mice, MESH : Calcium Signaling, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Behavior, Animal, MESH : Mice, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, Obesity, Fatty acids, MESH: Food Preferences, MESH: Mice, Nutrition, MESH : Food Preferences, MESH : Tongue, MESH: Antigens, CD36, MESH : Diet, High-Fat, MESH: Tongue, MESH : Taste Perception, MESH: Diet, High-Fat, MESH : Antigens, CD36, MESH: Dietary Fats, Health, MESH: Taste Perception, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Animals, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Fat taste, MESH: Adipose Tissue, MESH : Dietary Fats
Abstract: International audience; A relationship between orosensory detection of dietary lipids, regulation of fat intake, and body mass index was recently suggested. However, involved mechanisms are poorly understood. Moreover, whether obesity can directly modulate preference for fatty foods remains unknown. To address this question, exploration of the oral lipid sensing system was undertaken in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. By using a combination of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral approaches, we found that i) the attraction for lipids is decreased in obese mice, ii) this behavioral change has an orosensory origin, iii) it is reversed in calorie-restricted DIO mice, revealing an inverse correlation between fat preference and adipose tissue size, iv) obesity suppresses the lipid-mediated downregulation of the lipid-sensor CD36 in circumvallate papillae, usually found during the refeeding of lean mice, and v) the CD36-dependent signaling cascade controlling the intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i) in taste bud cells is decreased in obese mice. Therefore, obesity alters the lipid-sensing system responsible for the oral perception of dietary lipids. This phenomenon seems to take place through a CD36-mediated mechanism, leading to changes in eating behavior.
Published: 2013
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12. Hormonal contraception in women at risk of vascular and metabolic disorders: guidelines of the French Society of Endocrinology

Author: Bruno Vergès, Françoise Lamiche-Lorenzini, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Véronique Kerlan, Pierre Gourdy, Sophie Catteau-Jonard, Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet, Anne Gompel, Alexandre Fredenrich, Caroline Moreau, Jacqueline Conard, Anne Vambergue, Anne Bachelot, Geneviève Plu-Bureau, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Endocrinologie moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Diabétologie-Endocrinologie (NICE - Endocrino), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Service d'endocrinologie gynécologique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre national de référence des angioedemes, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition (LILLE - Endocrino), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Service d'Endocrinologie (CHRU - Endocrino), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Calvez, Ghislaine, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie et Métabolisme (LILLE - Endocrino), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Departments of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lille II, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Gynéco - TENON ( Gynéco - TENON ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de Diabétologie-Endocrinologie ( NICE - Endocrino ), CHU Nice, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service Endocrinologie Diabétologie et Métabolisme ( LILLE - Endocrino ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Service de Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale ( GETBO ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), Service d'Endocrinologie ( CHRU - Endocrino ), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest )
Subjects: MESH: Hyperlipidemias, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Metabolic Diseases, MESH: Estrogens, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH : Hyperlipidemias, MESH : Lipid Metabolism, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Contraceptive Agents, Female, MESH : Contraceptive Agents, Female, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Progestins, Societies, Medical, MESH: Lipid Metabolism, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Absolute risk reduction, General Medicine, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH : Contraception, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Contraception, MESH : Metabolic Diseases, Family planning, Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH: Thromboembolism, MESH : Obesity, Female, France, MESH: Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Developed country, MESH: Contraception, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Population, MESH: Societies, Medical, MESH : Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Context (language use), Hyperlipidemias, Thrombophilia, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolic Diseases, Internal medicine, Thromboembolism, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, MESH : Societies, Medical, Humans, MESH : Endocrinology, Obesity, education, MESH : France, MESH: Endocrinology, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases, Estrogens, medicine.disease, Lipid Metabolism, MESH : Thromboembolism, MESH: France, MESH : Pregnancy, Hormonal contraception, MESH: Progestins, MESH : Estrogens, MESH: Contraceptive Agents, Female, Progestins, business, MESH: Female, Dyslipidemia
Abstract: International audience; Hormonal contraceptive methods are widely used in France, including not only oral estrogen-progestin combinations but also non-oral estrogen-progestin delivery methods (patches, vaginal rings), as well as oral forms, implants and intra-uterine devices that deliver only a progestin. Hormonal contraception has only a modest impact on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, but estrogen-progestin contraceptives have been linked to a variety of vascular risks. Overall, the risk of venous thrombosis is multiplied by a factor of about 4, depending on age, the compounds used, and other risk factors (including biological thrombophilia and a personal history of thrombosis), whereas the risk of arterial events is only increased in women with risk factors. Available data suggest there is no excess risk with progestin-based contraceptives, but far fewer studies have been conducted. At the initiative of the French Society of Endocrinology, an expert group met in 2010 in order to reach a consensus on the use of hormonal contraceptive methods in women with vascular or metabolic risk factors, based on available data and international guidelines published by WHO in 2009 and subsequently adapted to the United States context. The following text, intentionally limited to hormonal contraception, is intended to serve as a guide when prescribing in specific clinical situations, such as a family or personal history of arterial or venous thromboembolism, or the existence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity).
Published: 2012
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13. Therapeutic use of recombinant methionyl human leptin

Author: Corinne Vigouroux, Jean-François Gautier, Camille Vatier, Vigouroux, Corinne, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de diabétologie et d'endocrinologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de biochimie et hormonologie [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine ( CR Saint-Antoine ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Leptin, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, MESH: Mutation, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Insulin resistance, Weight loss, Internal medicine, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Animals, Humans, MESH: Obesity, Secretion, MESH: Animals, Obesity, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Leptin Deficiency, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Medicine, MESH: Leptin, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrinology, MESH : Leptin, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Animals, medicine.symptom, MESH : Mutation, Recombinant methionyl human leptin
Abstract: International audience; Recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) was first used as a replacement therapy in patients bearing inactivating mutations in the leptin gene. In this indication, it was shown since 1999 to be very efficient in inducing a dramatic weight loss in rare children and adults with severe obesity due to the lack of leptin. These first clinical trials clearly showed that r-metHuLeptin acted centrally to reduce food intake, inducing loss of fat mass, and to correct metabolic alterations, immune and neuroendocrine defects. A few years later, r-metHuLeptin was also shown to reverse the metabolic complications associated with lipodystrophic syndromes, due to primary defects in fat storage, which induce leptin deficiency. The beneficial effects, which could be mediated by central and/or peripheral mechanisms, are thought to mainly involve the lowering effects of leptin on ectopic lipid storage, in particular in liver and muscles, reducing insulin resistance. Interestingly, r-metHuLeptin therapy also reversed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunctions associated with hypothalamic amenorrhea. However, if r-metHuLeptin treatment has been shown to be dramatically efficient in leptin-deficient states, its very limited effect in inducing weight loss in common obese patients revealed that, in patients with adequate leptin secretion, mechanisms of leptin resistance and leptin tolerance prevent r-metHuLeptin from inducing any additional effects. This review will present the current data about the effects of r-metHuLeptin therapy in humans, and discuss the recent perspectives of this therapy in new indications.
Published: 2012
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14. Variations in circulating inflammatory factors are related to changes in calorie and carbohydrate intakes early in the course of surgery-induced weight reduction

Author: Karine Clément, Avner Bar-Hen, Michèle Guerre-Millo, Salwa W. Rizkalla, Meriem Abdennour, Carole Rovère, Elise Dalmas, Christine Poitou, Jean-Luc Bouillot, Christine Rouault, Jean-Louis Nahon, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), R&D Departement, Echosens, Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), EHESP Biostat, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Surgery Department, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Service de nutrition [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Nutrition [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Institut E3M [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire ( IPMC ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] ( EHESP ), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu
Subjects: MESH: Dietary Carbohydrates, Calorie, MESH : Cytokines, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Energy Intake, Systemic inflammation, Diabete, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Weight loss, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Macrophage inflammatory protein, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Cytokines, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Middle Aged, Acute-phase protein, MESH : Adult, MESH : Dietary Carbohydrates, Middle Aged, MESH : Gastric Bypass, Cytokine, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Cytokines, MESH : Obesity, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Surgical Procedures, Operative, Gastric Bypass, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Inflammation, MESH: Surgical Procedures, Operative, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Weight Loss, Diabetes mellitus, Weight Loss, medicine, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Obesity, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Gastric Bypass, MESH : Humans, MESH : Energy Intake, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Weight Loss, business, Energy Intake, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Obesity is considered a low-grade inflammatory state that improves with weight loss. In addition to acute-phase proteins, other cytokines might contribute to systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare serum concentrations of a large panel of inflammation-related factors in obese and normal-weight subjects and to determine kinetic changes induced by caloric restriction. DESIGN: The cohort comprised 14 normal-weight women and 51 obese women who were followed over 2 y after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Multiplexed proteomics were used to simultaneously assay 27 cytokines and growth factors in serum. RESULTS: Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-9, IL-1-receptor antagonist, IL-10, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-8, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), monokine induced by interferon-γ, and vascular endothelial growth factor were found to be elevated in obesity. IL-10 was further elevated in diabetic obese patients, whereas eotaxin was found to be higher only in diabetic subjects. After surgery, many factors showed a biphasic pattern of variation, decreasing sharply at month 3 before rising back to presurgical values at month 6; these changes closely tracked similar kinetic changes in calorie and carbohydrate intake. After 1 y, an overall reduction in cytokines accompanied the reduction in body mass index and an amelioration in metabolic status. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with elevated circulating concentrations of a large panel of cytokines. Coordinated kinetic changes during weight loss suggest an early influence of calorie and carbohydrate intakes, whereas a longer-term reduction in corpulence might prevail in regulating circulating cytokine concentrations. This trial is registered at clincaltrials.gov as NCT00476658.
Published: 2011
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15. Observations regarding 'quality of life' and 'comfort with food' after bariatric surgery: comparison between laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy

Author: Vincent Camus, Nicolas Ballon, Julie Léger, Céline Bourbao-Tournois, Charles Couet, David Jacobi, N. Huten, Paul Brunault, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, CIC - Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Equipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, CHRU Tours, Nutrition, croissance et cancer ( N2C ), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CHRU Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Imagerie et cerveau, Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Brunault, Paul
Subjects: Male, MESH : Laparoscopy, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, [ SDV.MHEP.PSM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, MESH: Laparoscopy, MESH: Eating, MESH: Linear Models, Cohort Studies, Eating, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH : Linear Models, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Sleeve gastrectomy, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Treatment Outcome, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Questionnaires, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, MESH: Gastrectomy, Treatment Outcome, Sex life, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, MESH : Obesity, Cohort study, Gastric banding, MESH : Gastrectomy, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Eating, Gastroplasty, MESH : Male, MESH : Gastroplasty, MESH : Cohort Studies, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH : Treatment Outcome, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Weight Loss, Gastrectomy, Rating scale, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Obesity, Bariatric surgery, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH : Humans, MESH: Quality of Life, MESH: Adult, MESH : Quality of Life, medicine.disease, MESH: Gastroplasty, MESH: Male, Surgery, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Linear Models, Laparoscopy, MESH : Weight Loss, business, Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Body mass index, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are coexisting first-choice restrictive procedures for bariatric surgery candidates, it is possible, given their different modes of action, that these procedures have different effects on quality of life (QOL). We hypothesized that improvement of QOL and comfort with food could be better with LSG compared to LAGB. METHODS: This cohort study included 131 obese patients who had either LAGB (n = 102) or LSG (n = 29). Patients were assessed during preoperative and at 6- and 12-month postoperative visits. Five QOL dimensions were assessed using the 'Quality of Life, Obesity and Dietetics' rating scale: physical impact, psycho-social impact, impact on sex life, comfort with food and diet experience. We compared QOL evolution between LAGB and LSG using linear mixed models adjusted for gender and body mass index at each visit. RESULTS: Excess weight loss was 28.4 ± 14.7% and 34.8 ± 18.4% for LAGB and 35.7 ± 14.3% and 43.8 ± 17.8% for LSG at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Both LAGB and LSG provided significant improvement in the physical, psycho-social, sexual and diet experience dimensions of QOL. LSG was associated with better improvement than LAGB in short-term (6-month) comfort with food. CONCLUSIONS: Our results add further evidence to the benefit of LSG and LAGB in obesity management. Within the first year of follow-up, there is no lasting difference in the comfort with food dimension between LSG and LABG.
Published: 2011
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16. Determinants of neonatal weight loss in term-infants: specific association with pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and infant feeding mode

Author: Regnault, Nolwenn, Botton, Jérémie, Blanc, Laurence, Hankard, Régis, Forhan, Anne, Goua, Valérie, Thiebaugeorges, Olivier, Kaminski, Monique, Heude, Barbara, Charles, Marie-Aline, Renseigné, Non, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pediatrie Multidisciplinaire - Nutrition de l'Enfant, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de gynécologie et obstétrique [Poitiers], Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants (UMR_S 953), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Regnault N, Botton J, Marchand L, Nabet C, Blanc L, Annesi-Maesano I, Slama R, Magnin G, Schweitzer M, Foliguet B, Job-Spira N., Hankard R, EDEN mother-child cohort study groupCharles MA, Forhan A, Goua V, Thiebaugeorges O, Kaminski M, Heude B, Charles MA, de Agostini M, Ducimetière P, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Dargent P, Fritel X, Larroque B, Lelong N, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ) -Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ), Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants ( UMR_S 953 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, MESH: Infant Formula, MESH: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, MESH: Parenting, MESH : Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Weight loss, MESH: Gestational Age, Birth Weight, Medicine, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, 2. Zero hunger, MESH : Parenting, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Parenting, Obstetrics, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, MESH : Adult, Infant Formula, 3. Good health, Gestational diabetes, Breast Feeding, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Breast Feeding, Female, MESH : Delivery, Obstetric, MESH : Obesity, Underweight, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, MESH : Male, MESH : Young Adult, Gestational Age, MESH : Infant, Newborn, MESH: Body Mass Index, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Weight Loss, 030225 pediatrics, Weight Loss, Humans, Obesity, MESH: Birth Weight, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Infant, Newborn, MESH : Birth Weight, MESH: Adult, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH : Pregnancy, MESH : Body Mass Index, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, MESH : Breast Feeding, MESH : Infant Formula, MESH: Delivery, Obstetric, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Weight Loss, business, Body mass index, Weight gain, MESH: Female, MESH : Gestational Age
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the determinants of neonatal weight loss measured on the third day of life in term-infants. DESIGN: The EDEN mother-child cohort is a prospective study that recruited 2002 pregnant women before 24 weeks of gestation in two French university hospitals. Neonates were weighed every day until discharge that occurred on average 4.5 days after birth. Altogether, 1557 healthy term neonates with data on weight at day 3 and feeding mode available were included. The outcome variable was weight loss at day 3 (D3WL), expressed as a percentage of birth weight lost in the first 3 days of life. Our main explanatory variables were maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, birth weight, gestational age and feeding mode. RESULTS: Factors associated with greater D3WL, whatever the feeding mode, were: higher birth weight, gestational diabetes and caesarean section; higher gestational age was associated with a reduced D3WL. The association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and D3WL differed by feeding mode (interaction p value=0.0002). In breastfed babies, mean D3WL ranged from 4.9% for neonates of underweight mothers to 5.8% for neonates of obese mothers (p trend=0.0005). In formula-fed babies, D3WL was highest for neonates of underweight mothers (4.1%) and lowest for those of obese mothers (2.6%) (p trend=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The lower D3WL in formula-fed neonates, especially in neonates of obese mothers, suggests a relative overfeeding in the early days compared with breastfed neonates, which may potentially have consequences on later health. Overweight and obese mothers may need extra support to prevent early breastfeeding discontinuation.
Published: 2011
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17. Coenzyme Q as an antiadipogenic factor

Author: Luc Van Gaal, Anne Galinier, Louis Casteilla, Luc Pénicaud, Bart Staels, Sandy Bour, Maria-Carmen Carmona, Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurobiologie, plasticité tissulaire et métabolisme énergétique (NPTME), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] (UZA), Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète - U 1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Antwerp University Hospital, Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète (EGID), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Hôpital de Rangueil-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Neurobiologie, plasticité tissulaire et métabolisme énergétique ( NPTME ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem], Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète ( EGID ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Male, Antioxidant, muscle, medicine.medical_treatment, Cellular differentiation, coq(10) deficiency, MESH : Adipocytes, White adipose tissue, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, q(10) deficiency, Adipocyte, MESH: Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, MESH: Mice, Obese, MESH : Body Weight, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, Adipogenesis, MESH : Adipogenesis, food and beverages, MESH : Mice, Obese, MESH : Ubiquinone, MESH : alpha-Tocopherol, MESH : Antioxidants, MESH : Cell Differentiation, MESH: Adipose Tissue, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, MESH : Adipose Tissue, MESH : Quinones, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Molecular Biology, MESH: Adipocytes, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Humans, MESH: Antioxidants, MESH : Organ Size, MESH: Body Weight, MESH: Cell Line, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, chemistry, Human medicine, Reactive Oxygen Species, MESH: Female, MESH : Dietary Fats, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH : Cell Line, obesity, Physiology, Ubiquinone, MESH: Organ Size, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical Biochemistry, alpha-Tocopherol, MESH : Reactive Oxygen Species, Adipose tissue, Mice, Obese, rosiglitazone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adipocytes, oxidative stress, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, MESH: Ubiquinone, Quinones, MESH: Reactive Oxygen Species, Cell Differentiation, Organ Size, adipose tissue, MESH: alpha-Tocopherol, MESH: Enzyme Inhibitors, MESH: Dietary Fats, MESH : Obesity, Female, MESH: Cell Differentiation, uncoupling protein 2, MESH : Male, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, Biology, MESH: Quinones, Cell Line, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, expression, medicine, Animals, MESH: Mice, MESH : Alkyl and Aryl Transferases, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Enzyme Inhibitors, Body Weight, Cell Biology, Dietary Fats, MESH: Male, Cell culture, Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, MESH : Animals, MESH: Adipogenesis
Abstract: WOS: 000285876900007; International audience; Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is not only the single antioxidant synthesized in humans but also an obligatory element of mitochondrial functions. We have previously reported CoQ deficiency in white adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. We sought to determine (i) whether this deficit exists in all species and its relevance in human obesity and (ii) to what extent CoQ could be involved in adipocyte differentiation. Here we identified in rodents as well as in humans a specific very strong nonlinear negative correlation between CoQ content in subcutaneous adipose tissue and obesity indexes. This striking correlation reveals a threshold value similar in both species. This relative deficit in CoQ content in adipose tissue rapidly took place during the time course of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Adipocyte differentiation was assessed in vitro using the preadipocyte 3T3-F442A cell line. When CoQ synthesis was inhibited by a pharmacological approach using chlorobenzoic acid, this strongly triggered adipose differentiation. In contrast, adipogenesis was strongly inhibited when a long-term increase in CoQ content was obtained by overexpressing human 4-hydroxy benzoate acid polyprenyltransferase gene. Altogether, these data suggest that a strict level of CoQ remains essential for adipocyte differentiation, and its impairment is associated with obesity.
Published: 2011
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18. A distinct adipose tissue gene expression response to caloric restriction predicts 6-mo weight maintenance in obese subjects

Author: Claus Holst, M. Ramzi Temanni, Marleen A. van Baak, Véronique Pelloux, Celia G. Walker, Dominique Langin, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Dimitris K. Babalis, Arne Astrup, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Karine Clément, J. Alfredo Martínez, David M. Mutch, Wim H. M. Saris, Adriana Márquez-Quiñones, Tune H. Pers, Nathalie Viguerie, Simon, Marie Francoise, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Department of Physiology and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Nutrition Research Centre (NUTRIM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], National Multiprofile Transport Hospital, Human Nutrition Research, Medical Research Council, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), Service Nutrition, Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Institut Français pour la Nutrition - IFN-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - CRNH-Ile de France-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-IFR 150, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] ( UNAV ), Nutrition Research Centre ( NUTRIM ), Faculty of Life Sciences-University of Copenhagen ( KU ), Laboratoire de Biochimie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Humane Biologie, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-IFR150, and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)
Subjects: Weight loss, Calorie, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Insulin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Medicine (miscellaneous), Adipose tissue, PROTEIN, REGAIN, MESH : Analysis of Variance, Weight Gain, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin Secretion, Insulin, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, 0303 health sciences, Glucose tolerance test, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, MESH : Weight Gain, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], BODY-WEIGHT, Gene xxpression, MESH : Subcutaneous Fat, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Weight Gain, DIETS, Female, MESH : Obesity, medicine.symptom, SENSITIVITY, INTERVENTIONS, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Caloric Restriction, MESH: Gene Expression, MESH: Glucose Tolerance Test, Caloric restriction, Subcutaneous Fat, MESH : Young Adult, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH: Insulin, Biology, INSULIN-SECRETION, MESH : Glucose Tolerance Test, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Weight Loss, MESH: Subcutaneous Fat, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, MESH: Analysis of Variance, Weight Loss, medicine, EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight gain, Caloric Restriction, 030304 developmental biology, Analysis of Variance, MESH: Caloric Restriction, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, MESH : Gene Expression, ENERGY-INTAKE, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, MESH : Weight Loss, GAIN, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background: Weight loss has been shown to reduce risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes; however, successful maintenance of weight loss continues to pose a challenge. Objective: The present study was designed to assess whether changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) gene expression during a low-calorie diet (LCD) could be used to differentiate and predict subjects who experience successful short-term weight maintenance from subjects who experience weight regain. Design: Forty white women followed a dietary protocol consisting of an 8-wk LCD phase followed by a 6-mo weight-maintenance phase. Participants were classified as weight maintainers (WMs; 0‐10% weight regain) and weight regainers (WRs; 50‐100% weight regain) by considering changes in body weight during the 2 phases. Anthropometric measurements, bioclinical variables, and scAT gene expression were studied in all individuals before and after the LCD. Energy intake was estimated by using 3-d dietary records. Results: No differences in body weight and fasting insulin were observed between WMs and WRs at baseline or after the LCD period. The LCD resulted in significant decreases in body weight and in several plasma variables in both groups. WMs experienced a significant reduction in insulin secretion in response to an oralglucose-tolerance test after the LCD; in contrast, no changes in insulin secretion were observed in WRs after the LCD. An ANOVA of scAT gene expression showed that genes regulating fatty acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis were regulated differently by the LCD in WM and WR subjects. Conclusion: This study suggests that LCD-induced changes in insulin secretion and scAT gene expression may have the potential to predict successful short-term weight maintenance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1399‐409.
Published: 2011
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19. Evolution of obesity prevalence in France: an age-period-cohort analysis

Author: Pierre Ducimetière, Evelyne Eschwege, Arnaud Basdevant, Barbara Heude, Ibrahima Diouf, Marie-Aline Charles, Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et mort subite, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Nutrition et obésité : approches génétique et transcriptomique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR58-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Department of Nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), The ObEpi surveys were funded by Institut Roche, France, with the scientific collaboration of INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), contracts INSERM-Produits Roche N 97062 and 03114A10., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR58-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and De Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Epidemiology, Prevalence, MESH : Aged, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Health Surveys, Medicine, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, MESH: Cohort Studies, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, MESH: Young Adult, Female, MESH : Obesity, France, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MEDLINE, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Health Surveys, MESH : Cohort Studies, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Obesity, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : France, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Age period cohort, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, MESH: Male, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: A rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity has been reported in France since 1990. We investigated the impact of birth cohort on the changes in obesity prevalence after taking into account age and survey period.We analyzed data from 4 national surveys in 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006. For each survey, self-reported data on weight and height were recorded on mailed questionnaires sent to a sample of 20,000 households, representative of the French population. Obesity was defined according to World Health Organization criteria as body mass indexor=30 kg/m. We modeled the prevalence of obesity using logistic regression with age, cohort, and period as explanatory variables. As these variables are linearly dependent, only nonlinear effects can be estimated uniquely and interpreted, after including specific chosen constraints in the models.There was a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity between 1997 and 2006, attributable either to a period effect or to a cohort effect. There was a substantial departure from a linear trend for the cohort effect only, which seemed to be stronger in women: there was an acceleration in the prevalence of obesity with birth cohort for individuals born after the mid-1960s, in both sexes.Our results are consistent with previous studies in other countries. Compared with older generations, men and women born in the late 1960s may have been subject to early exposures that increased their lifelong susceptibility to obesity.
Published: 2010
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20. CB1 antagonism exerts specific molecular effects on visceral and subcutaneous fat and reverses liver steatosis in diet-induced obese mice

Author: Louiza Djaouti, Pascal Degrace, Joseph Gresti, Laurent Demizieux, Tony Jourdan, Bruno Vergès, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), This work was supported by grants from sanofi-aventisand the Re´gion Bourgogne., Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), and DEGRACE, Pascal
Subjects: Sucrose, MESH : Fatty Liver, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Organ Size, MESH : Piperidines, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Adipose tissue, Mice, Obese, MESH: Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, MESH : Pyrazoles, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Piperidines, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Adipocyte, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, MESH: Animal Feed, MESH: Fatty Liver, MESH: Mice, Obese, MESH : Body Weight, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, Fatty liver, MESH: Apolipoproteins A, Organ Size, MESH: Adiponectin, MESH: Apolipoproteins B, MESH : Mice, Obese, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Piperidines, MESH : Animal Feed, Adipose Tissue, Liver, Original Article, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), MESH : Obesity, Adiponectin, Rimonabant, Obesity Studies, MESH: Adipose Tissue, MESH : Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, MESH : Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, MESH : Adipose Tissue, MESH : Diet, MESH: Diet, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, Obesity, MESH: Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists, Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists, MESH: Mice, Apolipoproteins A, Apolipoproteins B, MESH : Adiponectin, Insulin, Body Weight, MESH: Sucrose, MESH : Liver, Lipid metabolism, MESH : Apolipoproteins B, MESH : Organ Size, MESH : Apolipoproteins A, medicine.disease, Animal Feed, MESH : Sucrose, Diet, MESH: Body Weight, Fatty Liver, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Endocrinology, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Pyrazoles, Hepatic lipase, MESH : Animals, Diet-induced obese, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, MESH: Pyrazoles, MESH: Liver
Abstract: OBJECTIVE The beneficial effects of the inactivation of endocannabinoid system (ECS) by administration of antagonists of the cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1 on several pathological features associated with obesity is well demonstrated, but the relative contribution of central versus peripheral mechanisms is unclear. We examined the impact of CB1 antagonism on liver and adipose tissue lipid metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mice were fed either with a standard diet or a high-sucrose high-fat (HSHF) diet for 19 weeks and then treated with the CB1-specific antagonist SR141716 (10 mg · kg−1 · day−1) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with SR141716 reduced fat mass, insulin levels, and liver triglycerides primarily increased by HSHF feeding. Serum adiponectin levels were restored after being reduced in HSHF mice. Gene expression of scavenger receptor class B type I and hepatic lipase was induced by CB1 blockade and associated with an increase in HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Concomitantly, the expression of CB1, which was strongly increased in the liver and adipose tissue of HSHF mice, was totally normalized by the treatment. Interestingly, in visceral but not subcutaneous fat, genes involved in transport, synthesis, oxidation, and release of fatty acids were upregulated by HSHF feeding, while this effect was counteracted by CB1 antagonism. CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the CB1-mediated ECS activity in visceral fat is associated with a normalization of adipocyte metabolism, which may be a determining factor in the reversion of liver steatosis induced by treatment with SR141716.
Published: 2010
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21. Adipose tissue transcriptome reflects variations between subjects with continued weight loss and subjects regaining weight 6 mo after caloric restriction independent of energy intake

Author: Adriana Márquez-Quiñones, Dominique Langin, Karine Clément, Wim H. M. Saris, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Marion Combes, Ping Wang, Andreas Pfeiffer, Dimitris K. Babalis, David M. Mutch, Thomas Meinert Larsen, Susan A. Jebb, Claus Holst, Edwin C. M. Mariman, Hubert Vidal, Arne Astrup, Nathalie Viguerie, Pavla Kalouskova, Balbine Roussel, Cyrille Debard, J. Alfredo Martínez, Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Informatique Médicale (SPIM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Régulations métaboliques, nutrition et diabètes - UM55 (RMND UM55), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Department of Physiology and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France (CRNH-IDF), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biochimie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], European Community [FP6-513946], Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Region Midi-Pyrenees, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Simon, Marie Francoise, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil ( I2MR ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Informatique Médicale ( SPIM ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Régulations métaboliques, nutrition et diabètes - UM55 ( RMND UM55 ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] ( UNAV ), Charité Universitäts Medizin Berlin, University of Copenhagen ( KU ), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France ( CRNH-IDF ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon ( INA P-G ) -CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-CETAF-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Humane Biologie, RS: NUTRIM - R4 - Gene-environment interaction, and RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome
Subjects: MESH: Treatment Failure, Blood Pressure, MESH: Energy Intake, Transcriptome, 0302 clinical medicine, HIGH-PROTEIN, Models, MESH: Models, Genetic, GENE-EXPRESSION, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH: Treatment Outcome, 0303 health sciences, MACRONUTRIENT, Reducing, MESH : Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Blood Pressure, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, LOW-FAT, Gene expression profiling, 3. Good health, MESH : Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Adipose Tissue, MESH: Adipose Tissue, medicine.medical_specialty, Diet, Reducing, LOSS MAINTENANCE, MESH : Adipose Tissue, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Weight Loss, MESH : Treatment Failure, Genetic, Humans, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, MESH : Gene Expression Profiling, MESH : Humans, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Adult, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Obesity, Endocrinology, MICROARRAY DATA, Energy intake, MESH: Female, Calorie, Time Factors, Medicine (miscellaneous), Adipose tissue, MESH : Models, Genetic, HUMAN OBESITY, Weight loss, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : RNA, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Treatment Failure, MESH : Diet, Reducing, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Diet, Reducing, Nutrition and Dietetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : Adult, ADIPOCYTES, Glycemic index, Treatment Outcome, MESH : Obesity, Female, medicine.symptom, Dieting, MESH : Time Factors, Adult, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Biology, DiOGenes, MESH: RNA, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, medicine, MESH : Blood Pressure, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, LOSS DIETS, Models, Genetic, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Time Factors, MESH : Energy Intake, Diet, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, GLYCEMIC INDEX, RNA, MESH : Weight Loss, Energy Intake, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: The mechanisms underlying body weight evolution after diet-induced weight loss are poorly understood. Objective: We aimed to identify and characterize differences in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) transcriptome of subjects with different weight changes after energy restriction-induced weight loss during 6 mo on 4 different diets. Design: After an 8-wk low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d), we randomly assigned weight-reduced obese subjects from 8 European countries to receive 4 diets that differed in protein and glycemic index content. In addition to anthropometric and plasma markers, SAT biopsies were taken at the beginning [clinical investigation day (CID) 2] and end (CID3) of the weight follow-up period. Microarray analysis was used to define SAT gene expression profiles at CID2 and CID3 in 22 women with continued weight loss (successful group) and in 22 women with weight regain (unsuccessful group) across the 4 dietary arms. Results: Differences in SAT gene expression patterns between successful and unsuccessful groups were mainly due to weight variations rather than to differences in dietary macronutrient content. An analysis of covariance with total energy intake as a covariate identified 1338 differentially expressed genes. Cellular growth and proliferation, cell death, cellular function, and maintenance were the main biological processes represented in SAT from subjects who regained weight. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was the major pattern associated with continued weight loss. Conclusions: The ability to control body weight loss independent of energy intake or diet composition is reflected in the SAT transcriptome. Although cell proliferation may be detrimental, a greater mitochondrial energy gene expression is suggested as being beneficial for weight control. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637. © 2010 American Society for Nutrition.
Published: 2010
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22. PRALIMAP: study protocol for a high school-based, factorial cluster randomised interventional trial of three overweight and obesity prevention strategies

Author: Sabrina Tessier, Serge Briançon, Nelly Agrinier, Evelyne Aptel, E. Lecomte, Emilie Bonsergent, Jean-François Collin, Serge Hercberg, Karine Legrand, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Service d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle ( UREN ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers - Lorraine ( CNAM Lorraine ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Rectorat Nancy-Metz, Académie Nancy-Metz, The PRALIMAP trial received support from public and private sectors. Special acknowledgements are addressed to ARH Lorraine, Conseil Régional de Lorraine, DRASS de Lorraine, GRSP de Lorraine, Fondation Coeurs et Artères, Fondation Wyeth, Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, Inca, IRESP, Régime local d'assurance maladie d'Alsace Lorraine and Urcam de Lorraine., PRALIMAP Trial Group, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), BMC, Ed., Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH : Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH : School Health Services, MESH : Overweight, Overweight, law.invention, MESH: Health Education, Study Protocol, MESH: Clinical Protocols, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Randomized controlled trial, Clinical Protocols, law, Medicine, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Obesity, MESH: School Health Services, Pharmacology (medical), MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Health Education, media_common, lcsh:R5-920, Practice, 4. Education, Health Knowledge, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 3. Good health, MESH : Sample Size, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health education, Female, MESH : Obesity, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH : Male, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Quality of life (healthcare), MESH : Health Education, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : Cluster Analysis, Attitudes, Obesity, Sample Size, School Health Services, MESH : Clinical Protocols, MESH: Overweight, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, MESH : Humans, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Male, Health promotion, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: The PRALIMAP steering committee consists of Evelyne APTEL, Noémie ANGEL, Raphaëlle ANCELLIN, Françoise BAILLY, Lucette BARTHELEMY, Daouia BEZAZ, Serge BRIANCON, Jean-François COLLIN, Rozenn De LAVENNE, Evelyne DIETZ, Pascal ENRIETTO, Elisabeth FAVRE, Magali GENTIEU, Emmanuel GOUAULT, Michel HELFENSTEIN, Serge HERCBERG, François KURTZ, Patrick LAURE, Edith LECOMTE, Joëlle LIGHEZZOLO, Patrick MARX, Aline OSBERY, Marie-Odile PIQUEE, Pierre RENAUDIN, Gilles ROBERT, Anne SCHICHTEL, Anne VUILLEMIN, Elisabeth VILLEMIN, Mireille WUILLAUME.; International audience; BACKGROUND: Given the increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in adolescents in the last decade, effective prevention strategies for these conditions in adolescents are urgently needed. The PRALIMAP (Promotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique) trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness for these conditions of 3 health promotion strategies--educational, screening and environmental--applied singly or in combination in high schools over a 2-year intervention period. METHODS: PRALIMAP is a stratified 2 × 2 × 2 factorial cluster randomised controlled trial including 24 state high schools in Lorraine, northeastern France, in 2 waves: 8 schools in 2006 (wave 1) and 16 in 2007 (wave 2). Students entering the selected high schools in the 4 academic years from 2006 to 2009 are eligible for data collection. Interventional strategies are organized over 2 academic years. The follow-up consists of 3 visits: at the entry of grade 10 (T0), grade 11 (T1) and grade 12 (T2). At T0, 5,458 (85.7%) adolescents participated. The educational strategy consists of nutritional lessons, working groups and a final party. The screening strategy consists in detecting overweight/obesity and eating disorders in adolescents and proposing, if necessary, an adapted care management program of 7 group educational sessions. The environmental strategy consists in improving dietary and physical activity offerings in high schools and facilities, especially catering. The main outcomes are body size evolution over time, nutritional behaviour and knowledge, health and quality of life. An evaluation process documents how each intervention strategy is implemented in the schools and estimates the dose of the intervention, allowing for a per protocol analysis after the main intention-to-treat analysis. DISCUSSION: PRALIMAP aims at improving the prevention and management of overweight and obesity in adolescents by translating current evidence into public health practice. Particular attention is paid to clustering, multiple factorials and long-term duration to address common pitfalls in health promotion trials. The results should inform how best to implement, in a school environment, effective nutrition prevention programs targeting adolescents who are at a point their lives when they develop responsibilities and empowerment for health attitude behaviours. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT00814554.
Published: 2010
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23. Asthma, obesity, and eating behaviors according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV in a large population-based sample of adolescents

Author: Sofia Kalaboka, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Marie Choquet, D. Moreau, Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent (UMR_S 669), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Moreau D, Kalaboka S, Choquet M, Annesi-Maesano I., Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent ( UMR_S 669 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation ( ESIM ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Male, MESH: Asthma, MESH : Prevalence, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH : Overweight, Overweight, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, Ethnicity, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, MESH : Sports, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Mental Disorders, MESH : Questionnaires, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Feeding Behavior, 3. Good health, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Eating disorders, MESH: Feeding Behavior, MESH : Obesity, Female, MESH: Ethnic Groups, France, medicine.symptom, Psychosocial, MESH : Ethnic Groups, Clinical psychology, Sports, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Attitude, Adolescent, MESH : Attitude, MESH : Male, Population, MESH : Asthma, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, MESH: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, medicine, Humans, MESH: Mental Disorders, Obesity, MESH : Mental Disorders, MESH : France, education, MESH: Overweight, MESH: Prevalence, Asthma, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH : Humans, Odds ratio, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Male, MESH: France, 030228 respiratory system, Attitude, Socioeconomic Factors, Physical therapy, MESH : Odds Ratio, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Sports, MESH : Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, business, Body mass index, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Obesity is related to asthma, but factors influencing this relation have not been clearly defined. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the role of eating behaviors and weight concerns in the association between obesity and asthma. DESIGN: A population-based sample of 11,710 adolescents, recruited from 186 secondary schools of 8 educational districts in France, completed a self-administered standardized questionnaire including DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) questions on eating disorders. RESULTS: Obesity (body mass index >/=95th percentile according to age and sex) was associated with asthma in girls (odds ratio: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.08) but not in boys (odds ratio: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.54). Both obese and asthmatic adolescents were more likely to have abnormal eating behaviors and weight concerns (P < 0.05). In an adjusted polytomous logistic model with 4 categories based on the presence and/or the absence of asthma and obesity as the dependent variable, the odds ratio for weight concerns increased from a minimum value for asthmatic nonobese adolescents (odds ratio: 6.3; P < 0.001) with nonasthmatic, nonobese adolescents as the reference group. Similar patterns were observed for overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that, besides well-known factors such as genetic background, direct mechanical effects, and reduced physical activity, abnormal eating behaviors and weight concerns might intervene in the relation between obesity and asthma. Psychosocial dimension has to be considered to disentangle the complex relation between obesity and asthma in adolescence in view of prevention.
Published: 2009
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24. Contribution of energy restriction and macronutrient composition to changes in adipose tissue gene expression during dietary weight-loss programs in obese women

Author: Claus Holst, Nathalie Vega, Moira A. Taylor, J. Alfredo Martínez, Eva Klimcakova, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Dominique Langin, Sébastien Déjean, Jean M. Oppert, Peter Arner, Hubert Vidal, Nathalie Viguerie, Karine Clément, Frédéric Capel, Wim H. M. Saris, Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Recherche sur les obésités, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Laboratoire, IFR 31 Louis Bugnard (IFR 31), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, FACULTE DE LYON, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Régulations métaboliques, nutrition et diabètes - UM55 (RMND UM55), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Midicine Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Department of Sports Medicine of Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Department of Physiology and nutrition University of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Department of Human Biology Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University [Maastricht], The Netherlands Institute of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham Medical School, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Nutrition and Endocrinology AP / HP, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil ( I2MR ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), IFR 31 Louis Bugnard ( IFR 31 ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Régulations métaboliques, nutrition et diabètes - UM55 ( RMND UM55 ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 ( IMT ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-PRES Université de Toulouse-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] ( UNAV ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Humane Biologie, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Transcription, Genetic, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MESH: Energy Intake, Biochemistry, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Gene expression, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH : Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 0303 health sciences, Addipose tissue, Reducing, MESH: Mitochondrial Proteins, [ SDV.MHEP.EM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, 3. Good health, MESH : Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, MESH: Adipose Tissue, medicine.medical_specialty, Diet, Reducing, MESH : Body Composition, MESH : Adipose Tissue, MESH: Body Mass Index, MESH : Receptors, Glucocorticoid, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Weight Loss, Genetic, Humans, MESH : Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins, MESH : Mitochondrial Proteins, MESH: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, Signal Transducing, Genetic Variation, MESH: Adult, Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family, MESH: Body Composition, medicine.disease, Obesity, MESH : Energy Metabolism, MESH : Body Mass Index, Energy intake, Body mass index, MESH: Female, Candidate gene, MESH: Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Clinical Biochemistry, Adipose tissue, Blood lipids, Glucocorticoid, Weight loss, Sirtuin 3, Receptors, MESH : RNA, Sirtuins, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Nutrición y dietética [Ciencias de la Salud], MESH : Diet, Reducing, 2. Zero hunger, MESH : Sirtuins, MESH: Diet, Reducing, Microfilament Proteins, MESH: Energy Metabolism, Adaptor Proteins, MESH : Adult, MESH: Sirtuins, MESH : Obesity, Female, medicine.symptom, Transcription, Adult, MESH : Microfilament Proteins, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Context (language use), Biology, Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins, MESH: Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins, Mitochondrial Proteins, MESH: Microfilament Proteins, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, MESH : Genetic Variation, MESH: RNA, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, medicine, 030304 developmental biology, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, Biochemistry (medical), MESH : Transcription, Genetic, MESH : Energy Intake, Diet, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, RNA, MESH : Weight Loss, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism
Abstract: Context: Hypoenergetic diets are used to reduce body fat mass and metabolic risk factors in obese subjects. The molecular changes in adipose tissue associated with weight loss and specifically related to the dietary composition are poorly understood. Objective: We investigated adipose tissue gene expression from human obese women according to energy deficit and, the fat and carbohydrate content of the diet. Design & setting: Obese subjects recruited among 8 European clinical centers followed 10 weeks of either a low fat (high carbohydrate) or a moderate fat (low carbohydrate) hypoenergetic diet. Subjects: Two sets of 47 women in each dietary arm were selected among 648 subjects matched for anthropometric and biological parameters. Main Outcome Measure: We measured adipose tissue gene expression changes in one set using a candidate gene approach. The other set was used to survey 24469 transcripts using DNA microarrays. Results were analyzed using dedicated statistical methods. Diet-sensitive regulations were confirmed on the other set of subjects. Results: The two diets induced similar weight loss and similar changes for most of the biological variables except for components of the blood lipid profile. A thousand genes were regulated by energy restriction. We validated an effect of the fat-to-carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate fat diet. Conclusions: Energy restriction had a more pronounced impact on variations in human adipose tissue gene expression than macronutrient composition. The macronutrient-sensitive regulation of a subset of genes may influence adipose tissue function and metabolic response. AD - INSERM, U858, Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Obesites, Institut de Medecine Moleculaire de Rangueil, Toulouse; Universite Paul Sabatier, Institut Louis Bugnard IFR31, Toulouse; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Prague, Czech Republic; INSERM, UMR -870; INRA U-1235; Faculte de Medecine Lyon-Sud universite de Lyon 1; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Hospices civils de Lyon; Lyon, France; Institut de Mathematiques de Toulouse UMR 5219, Universite Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Sports Medicine, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom; INSERM, Nutriomique U872 (Team 7), 75004 Paris, France; Universites Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 872, Cordelier Research Center & Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris; and Assistance Publique/Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology department, 75013 Paris, France.
Published: 2008
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25. Silencing of OB-RGRP in mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases leptin receptor signaling and prevents diet-induced obesity

Author: Laetitia Corset, Ralf Jockers, Virginie Vauthier, Aude Lenain, Philippe Froguel, Julie Dam, Yves Rouillé, Patty Chen, Jacques Mallet, Cyril Couturier, Chamsy Sarkis, Sandrine Belouzard, Karin Séron, A Dubart, Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs (LGMNPN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London-Hammersmith Hospital, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institut Cochin ( UMR_S567 / UMR 8104 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs ( LGMNPN ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL ( IBLI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Garcia, Marie
Subjects: Leptin, Male, MESH: Signal Transduction, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, MESH : Receptors, Leptin, MESH : Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Genes, Reporter, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Receptor, MESH: Lentivirus, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Arc (protein), Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Biological Sciences, MESH : Genes, Reporter, 3. Good health, MESH : Lentivirus, Hypothalamus, MESH: Dietary Fats, MESH : Leptin, Receptors, Leptin, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Carrier Proteins, [ INFO.INFO-BT ] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Hypothalamus, MESH : Male, Green Fluorescent Proteins, MESH: Arcuate Nucleus, MESH: Carrier Proteins, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Receptors, Leptin, Biology, MESH : Arcuate Nucleus, MESH : Diet, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Green Fluorescent Proteins, MESH: Diet, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Internal medicine, MESH : Mice, medicine, Gene silencing, Animals, Obesity, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Signal Transduction, Leptin receptor, Lentivirus, MESH : Oligonucleotides, Antisense, MESH: Genes, Reporter, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, MESH: Leptin, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, MESH: Hypothalamus, MESH: Male, Diet, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, [INFO.INFO-BT] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, MESH : Animals, Metabolic syndrome, Carrier Proteins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH : Dietary Fats
Abstract: Obesity is a major public health problem and is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Leptin is the crucial adipostatic hormone that controls food intake and body weight through the activation of specific leptin receptors (OB-R) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). However, in most obese patients, high circulating levels of leptin fail to bring about weight loss. The prevention of this “leptin resistance” is a major goal for obesity research. We report here a successful prevention of diet-induced obesity (DIO) by silencing a negative regulator of OB-R function, the OB-R gene-related protein (OB-RGRP), whose transcript is genetically linked to the OB-R transcript. We provide in vitro evidence that OB-RGRP controls OB-R function by negatively regulating its cell surface expression. In the DIO mouse model, obesity was prevented by silencing OB-RGRP through stereotactic injection of a lentiviral vector encoding a shRNA directed against OB-RGRP in the ARC. This work demonstrates that OB-RGRP is a potential target for obesity treatment. Indeed, regulators of the receptor could be more appropriate targets than the receptor itself. This finding could serve as the basis for an approach to identifying potential new therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases, including obesity.
Published: 2007
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26. Genetic study of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 in childhood and adulthood severe obesity

Author: Chantal Samson, Christophe Wachter, Claire Levy-Marchal, Maïté Tauber, Serge Hercberg, Barbara Heude, Catherine Le Stunff, Philippe Froguel, Victor Abkevich, Cécile Lecoeur, Maya Ghoussaini, Jacques Weill, Pierre Bougnères, David Meyre, Patrick Tounian, Vincent Vatin, Adib Younus, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Myriad Genetics Inc, Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Pancréas endocrine et diabète de l'enfant, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunologie, génétique et traitement des maladies métaboliques et du diabète (UMR_S 561), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London-Hammersmith Hospital, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de gastro-entérologie [CHU Trousseau], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (ex IFR 30 et IFR 150), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR30-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de gastro-entérologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle ( UREN ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Immunologie, génétique et traitement des maladies métaboliques et du diabète ( UMR_S 561 ), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 )
Subjects: Male, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Genetic Linkage, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Eating Disorders, Clinical Biochemistry, Appetite, MESH: DNA Replication, MESH: Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Biochemistry, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, MESH : Exons, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, Receptors, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Child, MESH: Cohort Studies, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Pituitary Hormone, MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, Linkage (Genetics), [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Receptors, Pituitary Hormone, MESH : Feeding Behavior, Exons, MESH : Adult, MESH : Receptors, Pituitary Hormone, MESH : Eating Disorders, Hormone receptor, MESH: Feeding Behavior, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Female, MESH: Eating Disorders, MESH : DNA Replication, MESH : Appetite, Adult, DNA Replication, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Cohort Studies, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Context (language use), Biology, Childhood obesity, MESH: Body Mass Index, Feeding and Eating Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, G-Protein-Coupled, Internal medicine, medicine, SNP, Humans, Receptors, Pituitary Hormone, Obesity, Amino Acid Sequence, MESH : Haplotypes, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Alleles, MESH : Humans, Biochemistry (medical), MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, Feeding Behavior, MESH: Haplotypes, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor, MESH : Body Mass Index, Haplotypes, MESH: Appetite, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Alleles, MESH: Exons, MESH: Female, MESH: Linkage (Genetics), MESH : Linkage (Genetics)
Abstract: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/rapidpdf/jc.2006-2316v1; International audience; CONTEXT: The melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 (MCHR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, a neuropeptide that plays an important role in feeding behaviors. MCHR2 maps on chromosome 6q16.3, in a susceptibility locus for childhood obesity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MCHR2 variation and human obesity. DESIGN: Case control and family-based studies were performed. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 141 obese children and 24 nonobese adult subjects was sequenced, and case-control analyses were conducted using 628 severely obese children and 1,401 controls. RESULTS: There were 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified. We showed nominal association among -38,245 ATG A/G SNP (P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.34; odds ratio 1.17), A76A T/C SNP (P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.97; odds ratio 0.75), and childhood obesity. Analysis of 645 trios with childhood obesity supported further the A76A T/C association, showing an overtransmission to obese children of the at risk T allele (59.0%; P = 0.01), especially in children with most severe forms of obesity (Z score of body mass index > 4) (67.0%; P = 0.003). The A76A at risk T allele was also associated with overeating during meals (P = 0.02) in an additional group of 102 nonobese children. None of the MCHR2 variants, including the A76A SNP, showed association with adult severe obesity, although a trend for association of the T allele of this variant with food disinhibition (P = 0.06) and higher hunger (P = 0.09) was found. This variant was not associated with childhood obesity in an independent case-control study, including 1,573 subjects (P = 0.98). Moreover, the A76A SNP did not explain the linkage on the 6q locus. CONCLUSION: Our results altogether suggest that MCHR2 is not a major contributor to polygenic obesity and support a modest effect of the A76A SNP on food intake abnormalities in childhood.
Published: 2007
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27. Regulation of inflammation-related genes in human adipose tissue

Author: Dominique Langin, Karine Clément, Service de nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biochimie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Simon, Marie Francoise, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil ( I2MR ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: MESH: Inflammation, Panniculitis, Adipose tissue, MESH : Panniculitis, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Macrophage, Medicine, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Macrophages, MESH : Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, 0303 health sciences, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Panniculitis, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, 3. Good health, Adipose Tissue, MESH : Obesity, medicine.symptom, Inflammation Mediators, MESH: Adipose Tissue, Calorie restriction, MESH: Inflammation Mediators, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Inflammation, Context (language use), Physical exercise, MESH : Adipose Tissue, MESH : Inflammation Mediators, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Internal Medicine, Humans, Serum amyloid A, Obesity, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Inflammation, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, MESH : Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Profiling, Macrophages, MESH : Humans, MESH: Macrophages, Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Immunology, business
Abstract: International audience; The identification of a moderate increase in circulating inflammatory factors in obese subjects, the description of changes in inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) and the discovery that macrophage cells infiltrate AT are observations contributing to the concept that human obesity is a chronic inflammatory illness. This concept has led to some revision of the physiopathology of obesity and of its related metabolic and cardiovascular co-morbidities. Low-grade inflammation in the AT and the subsequent production of specific biomarkers could actually link expanded fat mass to obesity complications. This review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge brought up by human gene expression studies, notably those performed on a large scale in AT depots. The regulation of specific biomarkers related to inflammation and putative new candidates (i.e. cathepsins and serum amyloid A) is discussed in the context of weight loss programmes based on calorie restriction and physical exercise. The foreseen clinical and technological challenges are also summarized.
Published: 2007
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28. A genome-wide scan for childhood obesity-associated traits in French families shows significant linkage on chromosome 6q22.31-q23.2

Author: Jacques Weill, Philippe Froguel, Vincent Vatin, Stephan Francke, Christian Dina, Emmanuelle Durand, Jérôme Delplanque, Cécile Lecoeur, David Meyre, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Développement artériel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique [CHU Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Genome Centre, Imperial College London-Hammersmith campus, Froguel, Philippe, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ) -Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées ( LI2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Candidate gene, Percentile, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pedigree chart, MESH : Child, Preschool, Body Mass Index, MESH : Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, MESH: Obesity, [ SDV.GEN.GH ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Child, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, Chromosome Mapping, MESH : Infant, MESH: Infant, Child, Preschool, Microsatellite, MESH : Obesity, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, France, MESH : Genome, Human, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Childhood obesity, Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic linkage, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Family, Obesity, MESH : France, MESH : Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Family, MESH: Genome, Human, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Siblings, Linkage (software), MESH: Humans, Genome, Human, Siblings, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, medicine.disease, MESH: Siblings, MESH: France, MESH : Body Mass Index, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MESH : Family, MESH: Chromosome Mapping, MESH : Chromosome Mapping
Abstract: We conducted a genome-wide search for childhood obesity-associated traits, including BMI >/==" BORDER="0">95th percentile (PCT95), 97th percentile (PCT97), and 99th percentile (PCT99) as well as age of adiposity rebound (AAR), which corresponds to the beginning of the second rise in childhood adiposity. A set of 431 microsatellite markers was genotyped in 506 subjects from 115 multiplex French Caucasian families, with at least one child with a BMI >/==" BORDER="0">95th percentile. Among these 115 pedigrees, 97 had at least two sibs with a BMI >/==" BORDER="0">95th percentile. Fine-mapping was performed in the seven most positive loci. Nonparametric multipoint analyses revealed six regions of significant or suggestive linkage on chromosomes 2q33.2-q36.3, 6q22.31-q23.2, and 17p13 for PCT95, PCT97, or PCT99 and 15q12-q15.1, 16q22.1-q24.1, and 19p13.3-p13.11 for AAR. The strongest evidence of linkage was detected on chromosome 6q22.31 for PCT97 (maximum likelihood score: 4.06) at the marker D6S287. This logarithm of odds score meets genome-wide significance tested through simulation (empirical genome-wide P = 0.01 [0.0027-0.0254]). Six independent ge-nome scans in adults have reported quantitative trait loci on 6q linked to energy or glucose homeostasis-associated phenotypes. Possible candidate genes in this region include SIM1, MCHR2, and PC-1.
Published: 2004

29. Relationships of job and some individual characteristics to occupational injuries in employed people: a community-based study

Author: Ashis Bhattacherjee, Nearkasen Chau, Carmen Otero Sierra, Bernard Legras, Lahoucine Benamghar, Jean‐Pierre Michaely, Apurna Kumar Ghosh, Francis Guillemin, Jean‐François Ravaud, Jean‐Marie Mur, Lorhandicap Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), Institut fédératif de recherche sur le handicap / Réseau fédératif de recherche sur le handicap (IFRH / RFRH), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-INST GARCHES-CTNERHI-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ecole de Santé Publique, EA3444, CERMES - Centre de recherche Médecine, Science, Santé Société (CERMES - UMR 8169 / U750), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ravaud, Jean-François, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ( IIT Kanpur ), Institut fédératif de recherche sur le handicap / Réseau fédératif de recherche sur le handicap ( IFRH / RFRH ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut national d'études démographiques ( INED ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -INST GARCHES-CTNERHI-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), EA 3444, Centre de recherche Médecine, Science, Santé et Société ( CERMES ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-CTNERHI-INST GARCHES-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Indian Institute of Technology [Kanpur] ( IIT )
Subjects: Male, Occupational injury, Health Behavior, MESH : Aged, Disease, Overweight, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Accidents, Occupational, Medicine, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Univariate analysis, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, Smoking, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, 030210 environmental & occupational health, MESH : Wounds and Injuries, MESH : Smoking, Psychotropic drug use, 8. Economic growth, MESH : Obesity, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Risk assessment, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Smoking, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, MESH : Male, MESH: Health Behavior, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, Accidents, Occupational, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Obesity, MESH : Health Behavior, Psychiatry, education, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : France, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH : Accidents, Occupational, MESH: Male, MESH: France, MESH : Alcohol Drinking, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Wounds and Injuries, Wounds and Injuries, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Alcohol Drinking, Demography
Abstract: International audience; This study assessed the associations of job and some individual factors with occupational injuries among employed people from a general population in north-eastern France; 2,562 workers were randomly selected from the working population. A mailed auto-questionnaire was filled in by each subject. Statistical analysis was performed with loglinear models. The annual incidence rate of at least one occupational injury was 4.45%. Significant contributing factors for occupational injuries were job category (60.8%), sex (16.2%), regular psychotropic drug use (8.5%), age groups (7.5%), and presence of a disease (7.0%). The men had higher risk than the women (adjusted odds-ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.43-2.78). Compared to executives, intellectual professionals and teachers, labourers had the highest risk (6.40, 3.55-11.52). They were followed by farmers, craftsmen and tradesmen (6.18, 2.86-13.08), technicians (3.14, 1.41-6.70), employees (2.94, 1.59-5.48) and other subjects (3.87, 1.90-7.88). The young (< or = 29 yr) showed an increased risk. Similar odds-ratios were observed for regular psychotropic drug use (1.54, 1.16-2.05) and the presence of a disease (1.50, 1.11-2.02). Univariate analysis showed that smoking habit, overweight and excess alcohol use were also associated with injuries. The loglinear model results showed that there were associations between some of these independent factors. It was concluded that job, sex, young age, smoking habit, excess alcohol use, overweight, psychotropic drug use, and disease influenced the occupational injuries. Preventive measures concerning work conditions, risk assessment and job knowledge should be conducted in overall active population, especially in men, young workers, smokers, alcohol users, overweight workers and in individuals with a disease or psychosomatic disorders.
Published: 2003
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30. PAI-1 polymorphisms modulate phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome in obese and diabetic Caucasian population

Author: C. Lopes, C. Dina, Emmanuelle Durand, Philippe Froguel, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Développement artériel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Genome Centre, Imperial College London-Hammersmith campus, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Froguel, Philippe, Departamento de Entomologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Departamento de Entomologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique, Aucune, Université de Bordeaux (UB) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Imperial College London - Hammersmith campus
Subjects: Male, MESH : Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH : Insulin, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Diabetic Angiopathies, MESH : Genotype, Coronary Disease, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, MESH: Genotype, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Metabolic Syndrome X, Insulin Secretion, Insulin, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, MESH: Cohort Studies, Metabolic Syndrome, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: European Continental Ancestry Group, Middle Aged, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH : Triglycerides, 3. Good health, Pedigree, MESH : Phenotype, MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Phenotype, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, MESH : Obesity, Female, France, MESH : Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, MESH: Triglycerides, MESH : Case-Control Studies, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Genotype, MESH: Pedigree, MESH : Male, MESH : Metabolic Syndrome X, MESH : Cohort Studies, MESH: Insulin, Biology, Diabetic angiopathy, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MESH: Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, MESH: Body Mass Index, MESH : European Continental Ancestry Group, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, Internal Medicine, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Obesity, MESH : France, Triglycerides, 030304 developmental biology, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, MESH : Diabetic Angiopathies, MESH : Humans, Case-control study, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, MESH : Body Mass Index, Endocrinology, chemistry, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MESH : Pedigree, Case-Control Studies, MESH : Coronary Disease, MESH: Coronary Disease, Metabolic syndrome, Plasminogen activator, MESH: Female, Diabetic Angiopathies
Abstract: AIM/HYPOTHESIS: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a main regulator of the endogenous fibrinolytic system and modulates the thrombosis progression. We analyzed genetic contributions of PAI-1 mutations to the metabolic syndrome and to its complications. METHODS: PAI-1 promoter and coding sequences were screened for mutations. Genotypes were determined for 1067 unrelated individuals of a French Caucasian cohort, selected for diabetes and obesity. Association between PAI-1 polymorphisms and phenotypes related to metabolic syndrome were statistically studied. RESULTS: There were five variants identified: two common polymorphisms, -765 4G/5G and -844 A>G, in the promoter, and three new non-synonymous SNPs, Ala15Thr, Val17Ile and Asn195Ile. In obese non-diabetic subjects, the two promoter polymorphisms were associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (p=0.006 and p=0.0004, for -765 4G/5G and -844 A>G, respectively) and insulin (p=0.05 and p=0.008, for -765 4G/5G and -844 A>G, respectively). Moreover, the -844 A>G SNP was associated with lower triglyceride (p=0.002) and higher HDL cholesterol concentrations (p=0.02) in lean subjects. In addition, the two promoter and Ala15Thr polymorphisms showed a trend towards association with CHD in diabetic subjects (-765 4G/5G: 0.56/0.51, p=0.05; -844 A>G: 0.63/0.57, p=0.02; Ala15Thr: 0.91/0.88, p=0.04). The SNPs Ala15Thr, located in the PAI-1 signal peptide, and rare the Asn195Ile, located in a beta-sheet structure, could influence conformation of these two structures. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our results support the hypothesis that PAI-1 polymorphisms probably interact with known environmental risk factors (chronic hyperglycaemia, obesity, etc.) to induce a more severe insulin-resistant metabolic profile in overweight subjects, and to further increase risk for CHD in diabetic subjects.
Published: 2003
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31. Intracellular retention is a common characteristic of childhood obesity-associated MC4R mutations

Author: Emmanuelle Durand, Philippe Froguel, Astrid Shapiro, Béatrice Dubern, Jacques Weill, Camille Ferron, Cecile Lubrano-Berthelier, Paul Dazin, Christian Vaisse, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Développement artériel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique [CHU Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Genome Centre, Imperial College London-Hammersmith campus, Physique, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ) -Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées ( LI2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Froguel, Philippe
Subjects: Male, MESH : Cell Line, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Prevalence, Mutant, Gene Expression, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, MESH : Child, Preschool, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Variation (Genetics), Cohort Studies, MESH : Child, MESH: Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4, MESH: Child, Genotype, Prevalence, MESH : Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4, Coding region, Missense mutation, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Child, Receptor, [ SDV.GEN.GH ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MESH: Cohort Studies, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Mutation, MESH : Variation (Genetics), MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, General Medicine, Pedigree, Melanocortin 4 receptor, Child, Preschool, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4, Female, MESH : Obesity, MESH : Mutation, MESH : Transfection, MESH: Gene Expression, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Pedigree, MESH : Cell Membrane, MESH : Male, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Cohort Studies, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Biology, Transfection, Childhood obesity, Cell Line, medicine, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Obesity, Molecular Biology, MESH: Prevalence, MESH : Receptors, Corticotropin, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Humans, MESH: Transfection, Cell Membrane, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Cell Line, MESH : Gene Expression, Receptors, Corticotropin, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MESH : Pedigree, MESH: Receptors, Corticotropin, MESH: Female, MESH: Cell Membrane
Abstract: Heterozygous mutations in the coding region of the serpentine Melanocortin 4 receptor are the most common genetic cause of human obesity described to date. There are still conflicting data regarding the overall prevalence of such mutations in obesity and limited information is available on the functional defects caused by most obesity-associated MC4R mutations. We report here the screening for mutations in the coding region of the MC4R of a new cohort of 172 patients presenting with severe childhood obesity and a family history of obesity. Three heterozygous MC4R mutations (Ser127Leu, Ala244Glu and Pro299His) were found in three patients of this cohort (1.74%), confirming that such mutations are implicated in a significant number of childhood obesity cases. A functional analysis of these mutant receptors, in addition to 11 other childhood obesity-associated MC4R mutations, indicates that they all alter the activation of the receptor by the endogenous agonist alpha-MSH. To further examine the functional defects caused by childhood obesity-associated MC4R mutations, we developed a novel, sensitive technique to quantitatively analyze the effect of a mutation on MC4R cell surface expression. Using this method we analyzed the cell surface expression of all the 14 described childhood obesity-associated MC4R missense mutations. We demonstrate that 81.3% of childhood obesity-associated heterozygous MC4R mutations lead to intracellular retention of the receptor. This result has implications for the potential pharmacologic rescue of childhood obesity-associated MC4R mutations and for the treatment of patients presenting with this condition.
Published: 2003

32. Mutation screening of the urocortin gene: identification of new single nucleotide polymorphisms and association studies with obesity in French Caucasians

Author: Gérard Waeber, J. Weill, Philippe Froguel, Jérôme Delplanque, Francis Vasseur, Christian Dina, Emmanuelle Durand, Karine Clément, Amar Abderrahmani, B. Guy-Grand, Philippe Boutin, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Physique, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Développement artériel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Département de Médecine Interne, Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologie, Déterminants Biologiques et Comportementaux des Obésités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-EA3502, Service de nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Nutrition et obésité : approches génétique et transcriptomique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR58-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département de nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique [CHU Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées ( LI2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Genome Centre, Imperial College London-Hammersmith campus, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), EA3502-Hôtel-Dieu-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR58-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôtel-Dieu-EA3502, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-EA3502, and Froguel, Philippe
Subjects: Male, Candidate gene, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, MESH : Polymorphism, Genetic, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, MESH : Aged, MESH: Base Sequence, Biochemistry, MESH : Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2, Endocrinology, MESH: Genetic Screening, Gene Frequency, MESH: Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, MESH : Gene Frequency, [ SDV.GEN.GH ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Urocortins, Urocortin, Genetics, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: European Continental Ancestry Group, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2, Female, MESH : Obesity, France, MESH : Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, MESH : Mutation, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Mutation, MESH : Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH : Male, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Biology, White People, MESH : European Continental Ancestry Group, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Internal medicine, Genetic variation, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine, MESH: Gene Frequency, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Genetic Testing, Obesity, MESH : France, Gene, Aged, Genetic association, MESH : Genetic Screening, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, Base Sequence, Biochemistry (medical), MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Mutation, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH: Female
Abstract: A linkage between obesity-related phenotypes and the 2p21–23 locus has been reported previously. The urocortin (UCN) gene resides at this interval, and its protein decreases appetite behavior, suggesting that UCN may be a candidate gene for susceptibility to obesity. We localized the UCN gene by radiation hybrid mapping, and the surrounding markers were genotyped in a collection of French families. Evidence for linkage was shown between the marker D2S165 and leptin levels (LOD score, 1.34; P 0.006) and between D2S2247 and the z-score of body mass index (LOD score, 1.829; P 0.0019). The gene was screened for SNPs in 96 obese patients. Four new variants were established. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were located in the promoter (535 A3 G, 286 G3 A), one in intron 1 (31 C3 G), and one in the 3-untranslated region (34 C3 T). Association studies in cohorts of 722 unrelated obese and 381 control subjects and transmission disequilibrium tests, performed for the two frequent promoter polymorphisms, in 120 families (894 individuals) showed that no association was present between these variants and obesity, obesity-related phenotypes, and diabetes. Thus, our analyses of the genetic variations of the UCN gene suggest that, at least in French Caucasians, they do not represent a major cause of obesity. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 867– 869, 2002)
Published: 2002

33. Gene expression profiling of human skeletal muscle in response to stabilized weight loss

Author: Carine Valle, Nathalie Viguerie, Claire Thalamas, Anne Le Bouil, Dominique Langin, P. Barbe, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Sébastien Déjean, Karine Clément, Dominique Larrouy, Bertrand Diquet, Véronique Pelloux, Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d’Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Prévention des Risques Cardio-Vasculaires [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CIC - Biotherapie - Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pathologie de l'Adipocyte et des Cellules Hepatiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de biochimie et hormonologie [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département de la Médecine, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Biochimie [Purpan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Laboratoire de Biochimie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Simon, Marie Francoise, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Service d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Prévention des Maladies Cardio-vasculaires [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil ( I2MR ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 ( IMT ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-PRES Université de Toulouse-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service d'endocrinologie-métabolisme [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [APHP], and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 )
Subjects: MESH : Basal Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Carbon Dioxide, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Absorptiometry, Photon, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, MESH : RNA, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, MESH: Oxygen Consumption, MESH : Muscle, Skeletal, MESH : Oxygen Consumption, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : Diet, Reducing, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Diet, Reducing, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Basal Metabolism, MESH : Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH : Carbon Dioxide, medicine.anatomical_structure, Body Composition, Female, MESH : Obesity, medicine.symptom, MESH: Calorimetry, Indirect, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Diet, Reducing, MESH : Body Composition, Calorie restriction, PDK4, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH: Absorptiometry, Photon, Carbohydrate metabolism, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Weight Loss, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Oxygen Consumption, MESH: RNA, Internal medicine, Weight Loss, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Resting energy expenditure, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Obesity, Muscle, Skeletal, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH : Absorptiometry, Photon, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH : Gene Expression Profiling, MESH : Humans, Skeletal muscle, Calorimetry, Indirect, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Body Composition, Carbon Dioxide, Gene expression profiling, Endocrinology, Basal metabolic rate, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, RNA, Basal Metabolism, MESH : Weight Loss, MESH : Calorimetry, Indirect, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Diet-induced weight reduction promotes a decrease in resting energy expenditure that could partly explain the difficulty in maintaining reduced body mass. Whether this reduction remains after stabilized weight loss is still controversial, and the molecular mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the effect of a stabilized 10% weight loss on body composition, metabolic profile, and skeletal muscle gene expression profiling. DESIGN: Obese women were assigned to a 4-wk very-low-calorie diet, a 3-6-wk low-calorie diet, and a 4-wk weight-maintenance program to achieve a 10% weight loss. Resting energy expenditure, body composition, plasma variables, and skeletal muscle transcriptome were compared before weight loss and during stabilized weight reduction. RESULTS: Energy restriction caused an 11% weight loss. Stabilization to the new weight was accompanied by an 11% decrease in the resting metabolic rate normalized to the body cellular mass. A large number of genes were regulated with a narrow range of regulation. The main regulated genes were slow/oxidative fiber markers, which were overexpressed, and the gene encoding the glucose metabolism inhibitor PDK4, which tended to be down-regulated. The knowledge-based approach gene set enrichment analysis showed that a set of genes related to long-term calorie restriction was up-regulated, whereas sets of genes related to insulin, interleukin 6, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were down regulated. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss-induced decreases in resting metabolic rate persist after weight stabilization. Changes in skeletal muscle gene expression indicate a shift toward oxidative metabolism.

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33 results on '"MESH : Obesity"'

1. Appetite control by the tongue-gut axis and evaluation of the role of CD36/SR-B2

2. Obesity interferes with the orosensory detection of long-chain fatty acids in humans

3. Immune Cell Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediates the Development of Obesity- and Endotoxemia-Associated Adipose Tissue Fibrosis

4. Grape seed and skin extract reduces pancreas lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in high fat diet fed rats

5. Parental practices perceived by children using a French version of the Kids’ Child Feeding Questionnaire

6. Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Relations with Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension, and Birth Outcomes

7. Effects of CB1 antagonist on the control of metabolic functions in obese type 2 diabetic patients

8. Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Pathway in Reducing Overweight and Obesity. The PRALIMAP 2-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

9. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity

10. Obesity alters the gustatory perception of lipids in the mouse: plausible involvement of lingual CD36. : Obesity decreases the fat preference

11. Obesity alters the gustatory perception of lipids in the mouse: plausible involvement of lingual CD36

12. Hormonal contraception in women at risk of vascular and metabolic disorders: guidelines of the French Society of Endocrinology

13. Therapeutic use of recombinant methionyl human leptin

14. Variations in circulating inflammatory factors are related to changes in calorie and carbohydrate intakes early in the course of surgery-induced weight reduction

15. Observations regarding 'quality of life' and 'comfort with food' after bariatric surgery: comparison between laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy

16. Determinants of neonatal weight loss in term-infants: specific association with pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and infant feeding mode

17. Coenzyme Q as an antiadipogenic factor

18. A distinct adipose tissue gene expression response to caloric restriction predicts 6-mo weight maintenance in obese subjects

19. Evolution of obesity prevalence in France: an age-period-cohort analysis

20. CB1 antagonism exerts specific molecular effects on visceral and subcutaneous fat and reverses liver steatosis in diet-induced obese mice

21. Adipose tissue transcriptome reflects variations between subjects with continued weight loss and subjects regaining weight 6 mo after caloric restriction independent of energy intake

22. PRALIMAP: study protocol for a high school-based, factorial cluster randomised interventional trial of three overweight and obesity prevention strategies

23. Asthma, obesity, and eating behaviors according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV in a large population-based sample of adolescents

24. Contribution of energy restriction and macronutrient composition to changes in adipose tissue gene expression during dietary weight-loss programs in obese women

25. Silencing of OB-RGRP in mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases leptin receptor signaling and prevents diet-induced obesity

26. Genetic study of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 in childhood and adulthood severe obesity

27. Regulation of inflammation-related genes in human adipose tissue

28. A genome-wide scan for childhood obesity-associated traits in French families shows significant linkage on chromosome 6q22.31-q23.2

29. Relationships of job and some individual characteristics to occupational injuries in employed people: a community-based study

30. PAI-1 polymorphisms modulate phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome in obese and diabetic Caucasian population

31. Intracellular retention is a common characteristic of childhood obesity-associated MC4R mutations

32. Mutation screening of the urocortin gene: identification of new single nucleotide polymorphisms and association studies with obesity in French Caucasians

33. Gene expression profiling of human skeletal muscle in response to stabilized weight loss

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33 results on '"MESH : Obesity"'

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