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Abstract Nanotechnology has experienced significant advancements, attracting considerable attention in various biomedical applications. This innovative study synthesizes and characterizes Ge/PLA/AuNCs (gelatin/PLA/gold nanocomposites) using Syzygium cumini extract to evaluate their various biomedical applications. The UV–Visible spectroscopy results in an absorption peak at 534 nm were primarily confirmed by Ge/PLA/AuNCs synthesis. The FTIR spectrum showed various functional groups and the XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline shape and structure of nanocomposites. The FESEM and HRTEM results showed a oval shape of Ge/PLA/AuNCs with an average particle size of 21 nm. The Ge/PLA/AuNC’s remarkable antioxidant activity, as evidenced by DPPH (70.84 ± 1.64%), ABTS activity (86.17 ± 1.96%), and reducing power activity (78.42 ± 1.48%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL was observed. The zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (19.45 ± 0.89 mm) and Echericia coli (20.83 ± 0.97 mm) revealed the excellent antibacterial activity of Ge/PLA/AuNCs. The anti-diabetic activity of Ge/PLA/AuNCs was supported by inhibition of α-amylase (82.56 ± 1.49%) and α-glucosidase (80.27 ± 1.57%). The anti-Alzheimer activity was confirmed by inhibition of the AChE (76.37 ± 1.18%) and BChE (85.94 ± 1.38%) enzymes. In vivo studies of zebrafish embryos showed that Ge/PLA/AuNCs have excellent biocompatibility and nontoxicity. The SH-SY5Y cell line study demonstrated improved cell viability (95.27 ± 1.62%) and enhanced neuronal cell growth following Ge/PLA/AuNCs treatment. In conclusion, the present study highlights the cost-effective and non-toxic properties of Ge/PLA/AuNCs. Furthermore, it presents an attractive and promising approach for various future biomedical applications.

The Strobilanthes cordifolia plant, a member of the Acanthaceae family, has been extensively studied due to its wide range of biological properties. This particular research focused on the green synthesis of FeNPs/CuNPs and evaluated the effectiveness of the experiment through various characterization techniques, including UV, FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDAX. The UV analysis provided valuable insights, showing that the synthesized nanoparticles had the highest absorption values at 462nm for FeNPs and 438nm for CuNPs. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different functional groups, while XRD measurements validated their crystalline nature. SEM data revealed the diverse shapes of the nanoparticles, including rods and spherical shapes. Additionally, EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of Fe and Cu elements in the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of FeNPs and CuNPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed significant inhibition. Moreover, the nanoparticles demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by their effective inhibition in DPPH and ABTS assays. Their potential as anti-diabetic agents was also explored, with assessments of their inhibitory effects on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed inhibitory effects on anti-cholinergic enzymes such as AChE and BChE. Furthermore, comprehensive toxicological studies revealed a higher level of mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Among these, the FeNPs exhibited a larval mortality rate of 95% in Cx. Quinquefasciatus, while the CuNPs showed a rate of 93%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that FeNPs/CuNPs possess favorable characteristics and significant potential for various biomedical applications.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation, neuronal cell death, and cognitive impairment are the unique symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). No single step remedy is available to treat AD, so the present study aimed to improve the drugability and minimize the abnormal behavioral and biochemical activities in streptozotocin (STZ) induced AD experimental Wistar rats. In particular, we explored the utilization of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), which is a biopolymeric hydrogel that mimics the natural tissue environment. The synthesized biopolymeric gel contained the drug galantamine (Gal). Investigations were conducted to evaluate the behavioral activities of STZ-induced AD experimental rats under STZ ​+ ​GelMA ​+ ​Gal treatment. The experimental groups comprised the control and STZ, STZ ​+ ​GelMA, STZ ​+ ​Gal, and STZ ​+ ​GelMA ​+ ​Gal (10 ​mg/kg) treated rats. Intracerebroventricular STZ ensures cognitive decline in terms of an increase in the escape latency period, with a decrease in the spontaneous alteration of behavioral activities. Our results indicated decrease Aβ aggregation in the hydrogel-based drug treatment group and significant decreases in the levels of acetylcholinesterase and lipid peroxidation (p ​