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1. Modular and mechanistic changes across stages of colorectal cancer

Author: Sara Rahiminejad, Mano R. Maurya, Kavitha Mukund, and Shankar Subramaniam
Subjects: Colorectal cancer, CRC stages, Stage-specific networks, Stage-unique networks, Biomarkers, Signaling pathways, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background While mechanisms contributing to the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are well studied, cancer stage-specific mechanisms have been less comprehensively explored. This is the focus of this manuscript. Methods Using previously published data for CRC (Gene Expression Omnibus ID GSE21510), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four stages of the disease. We then generated unweighted and weighted correlation networks for each of the stages. Communities within these networks were detected using the Louvain algorithm and topologically and functionally compared across stages using the normalized mutual information (NMI) metric and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. We also used Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) algorithm to detect potential biomarkers having a role in CRC. Results Sixteen Thousand Sixty Two DEGs were identified between various stages (p-value ≤ 0.05). Comparing communities of different stages revealed that neighboring stages were more similar to each other than non-neighboring stages, at both topological and functional levels. A functional analysis of 24 cancer-related pathways indicated that several signaling pathways were enriched across all stages. However, the stage-unique networks were distinctly enriched only for a subset of these 24 pathways (e.g., MAPK signaling pathway in stages I-III and Notch signaling pathway in stages III and IV). We identified potential biomarkers, including HOXB8 and WNT2 with increasing, and MTUS1 and SFRP2 with decreasing trends from stages I to IV. Extracting subnetworks of 10 cancer-relevant genes and their interacting first neighbors (162 genes in total) revealed that the connectivity patterns for these genes were different across stages. For example, BRAF and CDK4, members of the Ser/Thr kinase, up-regulated in cancer, displayed changing connectivity patterns from stages I to IV. Conclusions Here, we report molecular and modular networks for various stages of CRC, providing a pseudo-temporal view of the mechanistic changes associated with the disease. Our analysis highlighted similarities at both functional and topological levels, across stages. We further identified stage-specific mechanisms and biomarkers potentially contributing to the progression of CRC.
Published: 2022
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2. Efficient noble gas purification using hot getters and gas circulation by convection

Author: Teixeira, J. M. R., Henriques, C. A. O., Silva, P. A. O. C., Mano, R. D. P., Santos, J. M. F. Dos, and Monteiro, C. M. B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Noble gas radiation detectors with optical readout are gaining popularity in fields like astrophysics and particle physics due to their ability to produce both ionization and scintillation signals in response to ionizing radiation interaction. In addition, the amplification of primary ionization signals can be achieved by promoting secondary scintillation in the gas. Noble gas purity, especially concerning impurities like H$_{2}$O, N$_{2}$, O$_{2}$, CO$_{2}$, and hydrocarbons, greatly influences its performance. These impurities can cause the loss of primary electrons and quench the scintillation signal. A very high purity level of the gas is required. In the early 90's, a simple method was developed for noble gas purification in sealed, small volume (up to few litters) gas radiation detectors. Gas purification is achieved promoting gas circulation through Zr-based hot getters, simply maintaining the gas circulation by convection. The effectiveness of this method has been only confirmed by the energy resolutions achieved in those detectors, which were similar to that achieved in other high-performance noble gas detectors. In this work, we used waveform analysis of the primary and secondary scintillation signals and we were able to evaluate the impact of the attachment and quenching caused by impurities in one of our detectors filled with pure Xe, and estimate upper values for the impurity content in the gas. The maximum overall impurity concentration was estimated to be below 4 ppm, considering nearly all the impurities, and below 82 ppm if N$_{2}$ is considered. The electron lifetime was measured to be 2.1 $\pm$ 0.1 ms, in line with those achieved in other high-performance optical detectors.
Published: 2024

3. Time varying causal network reconstruction of a mouse cell cycle

Author: Maryam Masnadi-Shirazi, Mano R. Maurya, Gerald Pao, Eugene Ke, Inder M. Verma, and Shankar Subramaniam
Subjects: Dynamics, Cell cycle, Time series, Change point detection, Time varying network reconstruction, Causal inference, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Abstract Background Biochemical networks are often described through static or time-averaged measurements of the component macromolecules. Temporal variation in these components plays an important role in both describing the dynamical nature of the network as well as providing insights into causal mechanisms. Few methods exist, specifically for systems with many variables, for analyzing time series data to identify distinct temporal regimes and the corresponding time-varying causal networks and mechanisms. Results In this study, we use well-constructed temporal transcriptional measurements in a mammalian cell during a cell cycle, to identify dynamical networks and mechanisms describing the cell cycle. The methods we have used and developed in part deal with Granger causality, Vector Autoregression, Estimation Stability with Cross Validation and a nonparametric change point detection algorithm that enable estimating temporally evolving directed networks that provide a comprehensive picture of the crosstalk among different molecular components. We applied our approach to RNA-seq time-course data spanning nearly two cell cycles from Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) primary cells. The change-point detection algorithm is able to extract precise information on the duration and timing of cell cycle phases. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Estimation Stability with Cross Validation (ES-CV), we were able to, without any prior biological knowledge, extract information on the phase-specific causal interaction of cell cycle genes, as well as temporal interdependencies of biological mechanisms through a complete cell cycle. Conclusions The temporal dependence of cellular components we provide in our model goes beyond what is known in the literature. Furthermore, our inference of dynamic interplay of multiple intracellular mechanisms and their temporal dependence on one another can be used to predict time-varying cellular responses, and provide insight on the design of precise experiments for modulating the regulation of the cell cycle.
Published: 2019
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4. Topological and functional comparison of community detection algorithms in biological networks

Author: Sara Rahiminejad, Mano R. Maurya, and Shankar Subramaniam
Subjects: Biological networks, Community detection, Modularity, Biological function, Pathways, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Abstract Background Community detection algorithms are fundamental tools to uncover important features in networks. There are several studies focused on social networks but only a few deal with biological networks. Directly or indirectly, most of the methods maximize modularity, a measure of the density of links within communities as compared to links between communities. Results Here we analyze six different community detection algorithms, namely, Combo, Conclude, Fast Greedy, Leading Eigen, Louvain and Spinglass, on two important biological networks to find their communities and evaluate the results in terms of topological and functional features through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis. At a high level, the main assessment criteria are 1) appropriate community size (neither too small nor too large), 2) representation within the community of only one or two broad biological functions, 3) most genes from the network belonging to a pathway should also belong to only one or two communities, and 4) performance speed. The first network in this study is a network of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast) with 6532 nodes and 229,696 edges and the second is a network of PPI in Homo sapiens (Human) with 20,644 nodes and 241,008 edges. All six methods perform well, i.e., find reasonably sized and biologically interpretable communities, for the Yeast PPI network but the Conclude method does not find reasonably sized communities for the Human PPI network. Louvain method maximizes modularity by using an agglomerative approach, and is the fastest method for community detection. For the Yeast PPI network, the results of Spinglass method are most similar to the results of Louvain method with regard to the size of communities and core pathways they identify, whereas for the Human PPI network, Combo and Spinglass methods yield the most similar results, with Louvain being the next closest. Conclusions For Yeast and Human PPI networks, Louvain method is likely the best method to find communities in terms of detecting known core pathways in a reasonable time.
Published: 2019
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5. Enhancing the light yield of He:CF$_4$ based gaseous detector

Author: Amaro, F. D., Antonietti, R., Baracchini, E., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Campagnola, R., Capoccia, C., Caponero, M., Cardoso, D. S., de Carvalho, L. G. M., Cavoto, G., Costa, I. Abritta, Croce, A., Dané, E., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Di Marco, E., D'Astolfo, M., D'Imperio, G., Fiorina, D., Iacoangeli, F., Islam, Z., Jùnior, H. P. L., Kemp, E., Maccarrone, G., Mano, R. D. Passos, Gregorio, R. R. M., Marques, D. J. Gaspar, Mazzitelli, G., McLean, A. G., Messina, A., Meloni, P., Monteiro, C. M. Bernardes, Nobrega, R. A., Pains, I. F., Paoletti, E., Passamonti, L., Petrucci, F., Piacentini, S., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Pinci, D., Prajapati, A., Renga, F., Roque, R. J. da Cruz, Rosatelli, F., Russo, A., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Saviano, G., Silva, P. A. O. C., Spooner, N. J. Curwen, Tesauro, R., Tomassini, S., and Torelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CYGNO experiment aims to build a large ($\mathcal{O}(10)$ m$^3$) directional detector for rare event searches, such as nuclear recoils (NRs) induced by dark matter (DM), such as weakly interactive massive particles (WIMPs). The detector concept comprises a time projection chamber (TPC), filled with a He:CF$_4$ 60/40 scintillating gas mixture at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, equipped with an amplification stage made of a stack of three gas electron multipliers (GEMs) which are coupled to an optical readout. The latter consists in scientific CMOS (sCMOS) cameras and photomultipliers tubes (PMTs). The maximisation of the light yield of the amplification stage plays a major role in the determination of the energy threshold of the experiment. In this paper, we simulate the effect of the addition of a strong electric field below the last GEM plane on the GEM field structure and we experimentally test it by means of a 10$\times$10 cm$^2$ readout area prototype. The experimental measurements analyse stacks of different GEMs and helium concentrations in the gas mixture combined with this extra electric field, studying their performances in terms of light yield, energy resolution and intrinsic diffusion. It is found that the use of this additional electric field permits large light yield increases without degrading intrinsic characteristics of the amplification stage with respect to the regular use of GEMs., Comment: Correction of typos in Section 2 and 6. Improved quality of plots with some modifications to clarify the content
Published: 2024
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6. Measurement of Energy Resolution with the NEXT-White Silicon Photomultipliers

Author: Contreras, T., Palmeiro, B., Almazán, H., Para, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Guenette, R., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Castillo, A., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Echevarria, C., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freixa, Z., García-Barrena, J., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J. W. R., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kellerer, F., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Vara, M., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Navarro, K. E., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Parmaksiz, I., Pazos, A., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Seemann, M., Shomroni, I., Silva, P. A. O. C., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Teruel-Pardo, S., Toledo, J. F., Tonnelé, C., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Valle, P. R. G., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and Yubero-Navarro, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The NEXT-White detector, a high-pressure gaseous xenon time projection chamber, demonstrated the excellence of this technology for future neutrinoless double beta decay searches using photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to measure energy and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to extract topology information. This analysis uses $^{83m}\text{Kr}$ data from the NEXT-White detector to measure and understand the energy resolution that can be obtained with the SiPMs, rather than with PMTs. The energy resolution obtained of (10.9 $\pm$ 0.6) $\%$, full-width half-maximum, is slightly larger than predicted based on the photon statistics resulting from very low light detection coverage of the SiPM plane in the NEXT-White detector. The difference in the predicted and measured resolution is attributed to poor corrections, which are expected to be improved with larger statistics. Furthermore, the noise of the SiPMs is shown to not be a dominant factor in the energy resolution and may be negligible when noise subtraction is applied appropriately, for high-energy events or larger SiPM coverage detectors. These results, which are extrapolated to estimate the response of large coverage SiPM planes, are promising for the development of future, SiPM-only, readout planes that can offer imaging and achieve similar energy resolution to that previously demonstrated with PMTs.
Published: 2024

7. Charge Amplification in Low Pressure CF4:SF6:He Mixtures with a Multi-Mesh ThGEM for Directional Dark Matter Searches

Author: Amaro, F. D., Baracchini, E., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Borra, F., Capoccia, C., Caponero, M., Cardoso, D. S., Cavoto, G., Costa, I. A., Crane, T., Dane, E., DAstolfo, M., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., DImperio, G., Di Marco, E., Santos, J. M. F. Dos, Ezeribe, A. C., Fiorina, D., Iacoangeli, F., Junior, H. P. Lima, Lopes, G. S. P., Maccarrone, G., Mano, R. D. P., Gregorio, R. R. Marcelo, Marques, D. J. G., Mazzitelli, G., McLean, A. G., Monteiro, C. M. B., Nobrega, R. A., Pains, I. F., Paoletti, E., Passamonti, L., Piacentini, S., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Pinci, D., Prajapati, A., Renga, F., Roque, R. J. d. C., Rosatelli, F., Russo, A., Saviano, G., Scarff, A., Spooner, N. J. C., Tesauro, R., Tomassini, S., and Torelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CYGNO collaboration is developing next generation directional Dark Matter (DM) detection experiments, using gaseous Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), as a robust method for identifying Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) below the Neutrino Fog. SF6 is potentially ideal for this since it provides a high fluorine content, enhancing sensitivity to spin-dependent interactions and, as a Negative Ion Drift (NID) gas, reduces charge diffusion leading to improved positional resolution. CF4, although not a NID gas, has also been identified as a favourable gas target as it provides a scintillation signal which can be used for a complimentary light/charge readout approach. These gases can operate at low pressures to elongate Nuclear Recoil (NR) tracks and facilitate directional measurements. In principle, He could be added to low pressure SF6/CF4 without significant detriment to the length of 16S, 12C, and 19F recoils. This would improve the target mass, sensitivity to lower WIMP masses, and offer the possibility of atmospheric operation; potentially reducing the cost of a containment vessel. In this article, we present gas gain and energy resolution measurements, taken with a Multi-Mesh Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (MMThGEM), in low pressure SF6 and CF4:SF6 mixtures following the addition of He. We find that the CF4:SF6:He mixtures tested were able to produce gas gains on the order of 10^4 up to a total pressure of 100 Torr. These results demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement in charge amplification in NID gas mixtures with a He component., Comment: Corresponding Author: A.G. McLean
Published: 2024

8. Fluorescence Imaging of Individual Ions and Molecules in Pressurized Noble Gases for Barium Tagging in $^{136}$Xe

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Byrnes, N., Dey, E., Foss, F. W., Jones, B. J. P., Madigan, R., McDonald, A., Miller, R. L., Navarro, K. E., Norman, L. R., Nygren, D. R., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Barcelon, J. E., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Cárcel, S., Castillo, A., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Echevarria, C., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freixa, Z., García-Barrena, J., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J. W. R., Guenette, R., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Kellerer, F., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pazos, A., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Seemann, M., Shomroni, I., Silva, P. A. O. C., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Teruel-Pardo, S., Toledo, J. F., Tonnelé, C., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Valle, P. R. G., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and Yubero-Navarro, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The imaging of individual Ba$^{2+}$ ions in high pressure xenon gas is one possible way to attain background-free sensitivity to neutrinoless double beta decay and hence establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. In this paper we demonstrate selective single Ba$^{2+}$ ion imaging inside a high-pressure xenon gas environment. Ba$^{2+}$ ions chelated with molecular chemosensors are resolved at the gas-solid interface using a diffraction-limited imaging system with scan area of 1$\times$1~cm$^2$ located inside 10~bar of xenon gas. This new form of microscopy represents an important enabling step in the development of barium tagging for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in $^{136}$Xe, as well as a new tool for studying the photophysics of fluorescent molecules and chemosensors at the solid-gas interface.
Published: 2024

9. The maternal blood lipidome is indicative of the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia

Author: Bing He, Yu Liu, Mano R. Maurya, Paula Benny, Cameron Lassiter, Hui Li, Shankar Subramaniam, and Lana X. Garmire
Subjects: preeclampsia, lipidomics, metabolomics, pathway, biomarker, hypertension, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. However, it is not well understood what lipids are involved in the development of this condition, and even less is known how these lipids mediate its formation. To reveal the relationship between lipids and preeclampsia, we conducted lipidomic profiling of maternal sera of 44 severe preeclamptic and 20 healthy pregnant women from a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii. Correlation network analysis showed that oxidized phospholipids have increased intercorrelations and connections in preeclampsia, whereas other lipids, including triacylglycerols, have reduced network correlations and connections. A total of 10 lipid species demonstrate significant changes uniquely associated with preeclampsia but not any other clinical confounders. These species are from the lipid classes of lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), cholesteryl esters, phosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, and ceramides. A random forest classifier built on these lipids shows highly accurate and specific prediction (F1 statistic = 0.94; balanced accuracy = 0.88) of severe preeclampsia, demonstrating their potential as biomarkers for this condition. These lipid species are enriched in dysregulated biological pathways, including insulin signaling, immune response, and phospholipid metabolism. Moreover, causality inference shows that various PCs and lysophosphatidylcholines mediate severe preeclampsia through PC 35:1e. Our results suggest that the lipidome may play a role in the pathogenesis and serve as biomarkers of severe preeclampsia.
Published: 2021
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10. Enhancer-associated long non-coding RNA LEENE regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelial function

Author: Yifei Miao, Nassim E. Ajami, Tse-Shun Huang, Feng-Mao Lin, Chih-Hong Lou, Yun-Ting Wang, Shuai Li, Jian Kang, Hannah Munkacsi, Mano R. Maurya, Shakti Gupta, Shu Chien, Shankar Subramaniam, and Zhen Chen
Subjects: Science
Abstract: eNOS expression is dynamically regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by various stimuli. Here the authors identify an enhancer-associated lncRNA (LEENE) that is co-regulated with, and enhances eNOS expression.
Published: 2018
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11. Design, characterization and installation of the NEXT-100 cathode and electroluminescence regions

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Mistry, K., Rogers, L., Jones, B. J. P., Munson, B., Norman, L., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Castillo, A., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Echevarria, C., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J. W. R., Guenette, R., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Hernando~Morata, J. A., Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ifergan, Y., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Navarro, K. E., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Oliver, D., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rogero, C., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Seemann, M., Shomroni, I., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and Yubero, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: NEXT-100 is currently being constructed at the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc in the Spanish Pyrenees and will search for neutrinoless double beta decay using a high-pressure gaseous time projection chamber (TPC) with 100 kg of xenon. Charge amplification is carried out via electroluminescence (EL) which is the process of accelerating electrons in a high electric field region causing secondary scintillation of the medium proportional to the initial charge. The NEXT-100 EL and cathode regions are made from tensioned hexagonal meshes of 1 m diameter. This paper describes the design, characterization, and installation of these parts for NEXT-100. Simulations of the electric field are performed to model the drift and amplification of ionization electrons produced in the detector under various EL region alignments and rotations. Measurements of the electrostatic breakdown voltage in air characterize performance under high voltage conditions and identify breakdown points. The electrostatic deflection of the mesh is quantified and fit to a first-principles mechanical model. Measurements were performed with both a standalone test EL region and with the NEXT-100 EL region before its installation in the detector. Finally, we describe the parts as installed in NEXT-100, following their deployment in Summer 2023., Comment: 35 pages, 25 Figures, update includes accepted version in JINST
Published: 2023
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12. Demonstration of Event Position Reconstruction based on Diffusion in the NEXT-White Detector

Author: Haefner, J., Navarro, K. E., Guenette, R., Jones, B. J. P., Tripathi, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., BenllochRodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Shomroni, I., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Noble element time projection chambers are a leading technology for rare event detection in physics, such as for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches. Time projection chambers typically assign event position in the drift direction using the relative timing of prompt scintillation and delayed charge collection signals, allowing for reconstruction of an absolute position in the drift direction. In this paper, alternate methods for assigning event drift distance via quantification of electron diffusion in a pure high pressure xenon gas time projection chamber are explored. Data from the NEXT-White detector demonstrate the ability to achieve good position assignment accuracy for both high- and low-energy events. Using point-like energy deposits from $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr calibration electron captures ($E\sim45$keV), the position of origin of low-energy events is determined to $2~$cm precision with bias $< 1$mm. A convolutional neural network approach is then used to quantify diffusion for longer tracks (E$\geq$1.5MeV), yielding a precision of 3cm on the event barycenter. The precision achieved with these methods indicates the feasibility energy calibrations of better than 1% FWHM at Q$_{\beta\beta}$ in pure xenon, as well as the potential for event fiducialization in large future detectors using an alternate method that does not rely on primary scintillation., Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2023

13. Unraveling xenon primary scintillation yield for cutting-edge rare event experiments

Author: Henriques, C. A. O., Teixeira, J. M. R., Silva, P. A. O. C., Mano, R. D. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, and Monteiro, C. M. B.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: Xenon scintillation has been widely used in rare event detection experiments such as neutrinoless double beta decay, double electron captures and dark matter searches. Nonetheless, experimental values for primary scintillation yield in gaseous xenon (GXe) remain scarce and dispersed. The mean energy required to produce a scintillation photon, wsc, in GXe in the absence of recombination has been measured to be in the range of 34-111 eV. Lower values were reported for alpha-particles when compared to electrons produced by gamma- or x-rays. Since wsc is expected to be similar for x-, gamma-rays or electrons and alpha-particles, the above difference cannot be understood. In addition, one may pose the question of a dependence of wsc on photon energy. We carried out a systematic study on the absolute primary scintillation yield in GXe for electric fields in the 70-300 V/cm/bar range and for 1.2 bar supported by a robust geometrical efficiency simulation model. We were able to clear-out the above standing problems: we determined wsc for x/gamma-rays in the 5.9-60 keV range and alpha-particles in the 1.5-2.5 MeV range; no significant dependency neither on radiation type nor on energy was observed. Our values agree well with both state-of-art simulations and literature data obtained for alpha-particles. The discrepancy between our results and experimental values in the literature for x/gamma-rays is discussed in this work and attributed to unaddressed large systematic errors in previous studies. These findings can be extrapolated to other gases and have impact on experiments such as double beta decay, double electron capture and directional dark matter searches while also on potential future detection systems such as DUNE-Gas. Neglecting the 3rd continuum emission, as is the case of most of the literature values, a mean wsc-value of 38.7 [+- 0.6 (sta.)] [(- 7.2) (+ 7.7) (sys.)] eV was obtained.
Published: 2023

14. Biomarkers of NAFLD progression: a lipidomics approach to an epidemic1[S]

Author: D.Lee Gorden, David S. Myers, Pavlina T. Ivanova, Eoin Fahy, Mano R. Maurya, Shakti Gupta, Jun Min, Nathanael J. Spann, Jeffrey G. McDonald, Samuel L. Kelly, Jingjing Duan, M.Cameron Sullards, Thomas J. Leiker, Robert M. Barkley, Oswald Quehenberger, Aaron M. Armando, Stephen B. Milne, Thomas P. Mathews, Michelle D. Armstrong, Chijun Li, Willie V. Melvin, Ronald H. Clements, M.Kay Washington, Alisha M. Mendonsa, Joseph L. Witztum, Ziqiang Guan, Christopher K. Glass, Robert C. Murphy, Edward A. Dennis, Alfred H. Merrill, Jr., David W. Russell, Shankar Subramaniam, and H.Alex Brown
Subjects: diagnostic tools, mass spectrometry, phospholipids, sphingolipids, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: The spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and cirrhosis. Recognition and timely diagnosis of these different stages, particularly NASH, is important for both potential reversibility and limitation of complications. Liver biopsy remains the clinical standard for definitive diagnosis. Diagnostic tools minimizing the need for invasive procedures or that add information to histologic data are important in novel management strategies for the growing epidemic of NAFLD. We describe an “omics” approach to detecting a reproducible signature of lipid metabolites, aqueous intracellular metabolites, SNPs, and mRNA transcripts in a double-blinded study of patients with different stages of NAFLD that involves profiling liver biopsies, plasma, and urine samples. Using linear discriminant analysis, a panel of 20 plasma metabolites that includes glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and various aqueous small molecular weight components involved in cellular metabolic pathways, can be used to differentiate between NASH and steatosis. This identification of differential biomolecular signatures has the potential to improve clinical diagnosis and facilitate therapeutic intervention of NAFLD.
Published: 2015
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15. The CYGNO experiment, a directional detector for direct Dark Matter searches

Author: Amaro, F. D., Baracchini, E., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Capoccia, C., Caponero, M., Cardoso, D. S., Cavoto, G., Cortez, A., Costa, I. A., Dané, E., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Di Marco, E., D'Imperio, G., Iacoangeli, F., Jùnior, H. P. L., Lopes, G. S. P., Maccarrone, G., Mano, R. D. P., Gregorio, R. R. M., Marques, D. J. G., Mazzitelli, G., McLean, A. G., Messina, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Nobrega, R. A., Pains, I. F., Paoletti, E., Passamonti, L., Pelosi, S., Petrucci, F., Piacentini, S., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Pinci, D., Prajapati, A., Renga, F., Roque, R. J. C., Rosatelli, F., Russo, A., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Saviano, G., Spooner, N. J. C., Tesauro, R., Tomassini, S., and Torelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CYGNO project aims at the development of a high precision optical readout gaseous Tima Projection Chamber (TPC) for directional dark matter (DM) searches, to be hosted at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). CYGNO employs a He:CF$_4$ gas mixture at atmospheric pressure with a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based amplification structure coupled to an optical readout comprised of sCMOS cameras and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This experimental setup allows to achieve 3D tracking and background rejection down to O(1) keV energy, to boost sensitivity to low WIMP masses. The characteristics of the optical readout approach in terms of the light yield will be illustrated along with the particle identification properties. The project timeline foresees, in the next 2-3 years, the realisation and installation of a 0.4 m$^3$ TPC in the underground laboratories at LNGS to act as a demonstrator. Finally, the studies of the expected DM sensitivities of the CYGNO demonstrator will be presented.
Published: 2023
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16. Demonstration of neutrinoless double beta decay searches in gaseous xenon with NEXT

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Novella, P., Sorel, M., Usón, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K. E., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The NEXT experiment aims at the sensitive search of the neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe, using high-pressure gas electroluminescent time projection chambers. The NEXT-White detector is the first radiopure demonstrator of this technology, operated in the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc. Achieving an energy resolution of 1% FWHM at 2.6 MeV and further background rejection by means of the topology of the reconstructed tracks, NEXT-White has been exploited beyond its original goals in order to perform a neutrinoless double beta decay search. The analysis considers the combination of 271.6 days of $^{136}$Xe-enriched data and 208.9 days of $^{136}$Xe-depleted data. A detailed background modeling and measurement has been developed, ensuring the time stability of the radiogenic and cosmogenic contributions across both data samples. Limits to the neutrinoless mode are obtained in two alternative analyses: a background-model-dependent approach and a novel direct background-subtraction technique, offering results with small dependence on the background model assumptions. With a fiducial mass of only 3.50$\pm$0.01 kg of $^{136}$Xe-enriched xenon, 90% C.L. lower limits to the neutrinoless double beta decay are found in the T$_{1/2}^{0\nu}>5.5\times10^{23}-1.3\times10^{24}$ yr range, depending on the method. The presented techniques stand as a proof-of-concept for the searches to be implemented with larger NEXT detectors.
Published: 2023
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17. NEXT-CRAB-0: A High Pressure Gaseous Xenon Time Projection Chamber with a Direct VUV Camera Based Readout

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Byrnes, N. K., Parmaksiz, I., Adams, C., Asaadi, J., Baeza-Rubio, J, Bailey, K., Church, E., González-Díaz, D., Higley, A., Jones, B. J. P., Mistry, K., Moya, I. A., Nygren, D. R., Oyedele, P., Rogers, L., Stogsdill, K., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F, Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K. E., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pelegrin, J, Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) remains one of the most compelling experimental avenues for the discovery in the neutrino sector. Electroluminescent gas-phase time projection chambers are well suited to $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches due to their intrinsically precise energy resolution and topological event identification capabilities. Scalability to ton- and multi-ton masses requires readout of large-area electroluminescent regions with fine spatial resolution, low radiogenic backgrounds, and a scalable data acquisition system. This paper presents a detector prototype that records event topology in an electroluminescent xenon gas TPC via VUV image-intensified cameras. This enables an extendable readout of large tracking planes with commercial devices that reside almost entirely outside of the active medium.Following further development in intermediate scale demonstrators, this technique may represent a novel and enlargeable method for topological event imaging in $0\nu\beta\beta$., Comment: 30 Pages, 22 figures, Updated to match current JINST submission
Published: 2023

18. A Compact Dication Source for Ba$^{2+}$ Tagging and Heavy Metal Ion Sensor Development

Author: Navarro, K. E., Jones, B. J. P., Baeza-Rubio, J., Boyd, M., Denisenko, A. A., Foss, F. W., Giri, S., Miller, R., Nygren, D. R., Tiscareno, M. R., Samaniego, F. J., Stogsdill, K., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Carrete, C. Hervés, Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pelegrín, J., Maneiro, M. Pérez, Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a tunable metal ion beam that delivers controllable ion currents in the picoamp range for testing of dry-phase ion sensors. Ion beams are formed by sequential atomic evaporation and single or multiple electron impact ionization, followed by acceleration into a sensing region. Controllability of the ionic charge state is achieved through tuning of electrode potentials that influence the retention time in the ionization region. Barium, lead, and cobalt samples have been used to test the system, with ion currents identified and quantified using a quadrupole mass analyzer. Realization of a clean $\mathrm{Ba^{2+}}$ ion beam within a bench-top system represents an important technical advance toward the development and characterization of barium tagging systems for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in xenon gas. This system also provides a testbed for investigation of novel ion sensing methodologies for environmental assay applications, with dication beams of Pb$^{2+}$ and Cd$^{2+}$ also demonstrated for this purpose.
Published: 2023
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19. Analysis of inflammatory and lipid metabolic networks across RAW264.7 and thioglycolate-elicited macrophages

Author: Mano R. Maurya, Shakti Gupta, Xiang Li, Eoin Fahy, Ashok R. Dinasarapu, Manish Sud, H. Alex Brown, Christopher K. Glass, Robert C. Murphy, David W. Russell, Edward A. Dennis, and Shankar Subramaniam
Subjects: primary macrophage, toll-like receptor 4, transcriptomics, lipidomics, inflammation, lipid and signaling networks, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Studies of macrophage biology have been significantly advanced by the availability of cell lines such as RAW264.7 cells. However, it is unclear how these cell lines differ from primary macrophages such as thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TGEMs). We used the inflammatory stimulus Kdo2-lipid A (KLA) to stimulate RAW264.7 and TGEM cells. Temporal changes of lipid and gene expression levels were concomitantly measured and a systems-level analysis was performed on the fold-change data. Here we present a comprehensive comparison between the two cell types. Upon KLA treatment, both RAW264.7 and TGEM cells show a strong inflammatory response. TGEM (primary) cells show a more rapid and intense inflammatory response relative to RAW264.7 cells. DNA levels (fold-change relative to control) are reduced in RAW264.7 cells, correlating with greater downregulation of cell cycle genes. The transcriptional response suggests that the cholesterol de novo synthesis increases considerably in RAW264.7 cells, but 25-hydroxycholesterol increases considerably in TGEM cells. Overall, while RAW264.7 cells behave similarly to TGEM cells in some ways and can be used as a good model for inflammation- and immune function-related kinetic studies, they behave differently than TGEM cells in other aspects of lipid metabolism and phenotypes used as models for various disorders such as atherosclerosis.
Published: 2013
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20. Diffusion of muonic hydrogen in hydrogen gas and the measurement of the 1$s$ hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen

Author: Nuber, J., Adamczak, A., Ahmed, M. Abdou, Affolter, L., Amaro, F. D., Amaro, P., Carvalho, P., Chang, Y. -H., Chen, T. -L., Chen, W. -L., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferro, M., Goeldi, D., Graf, T., Guerra, M., Hänsch, T. W., Henriques, C. A. O., Hildebrandt, M., Indelicato, P., Kara, O., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Kottmann, F., Liu, Y. -W., Machado, J., Marszalek, M., Mano, R. D. P., Monteiro, C. M. B., Nez, F., Ouf, A., Paul, N., Pohl, R., Rapisarda, E., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Santos, J. P., Silva, P. A. O. C., Sinkunaite, L., Shy, J. -T., Schuhmann, K., Rajamohanan, S., Soter, A., Sustelo, L., Taqqu, D., Wang, L. -B., Wauters, F., Yzombard, P., Zeyen, M., Zhang, J., and Antognini, A.
Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom is excited by a laser pulse from the singlet to the triplet hyperfine sub-levels, and is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after this cycle modifies the $\mu$p atom diffusion in the hydrogen gas and the arrival time of the $\mu$p atoms at the target walls. This laser-induced modification of the arrival times is used to expose the atomic transition. In this paper we present the simulation of the $\mu$p diffusion in the H$_2$ gas which is at the core of the experimental scheme. These simulations have been implemented with the Geant4 framework by introducing various low-energy processes including the motion of the H$_2$ molecules, i.e. the effects related with the hydrogen target temperature. The simulations have been used to optimize the hydrogen target parameters (pressure, temperatures and thickness) and to estimate signal and background rates. These rates allow to estimate the maximum time needed to find the resonance and the statistical accuracy of the spectroscopy experiment., Comment: Submission to SciPost
Published: 2022

21. Reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of PTFE coated with TPB at visible, UV, and VUV as a function of thickness

Author: Haefner, J., Fahs, A., Ho, J., Stanford, C., Guenette, R., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Denisenko, A. A., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Marques, A. P., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., and Waiton, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Optics
Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. In noble element systems, it is often coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) to allow detection of vacuum ultraviolet scintillation light. In this work this dependence is investigated for PTFE coated with TPB in air for light of wavelengths of 200~nm, 260~nm, and 450~nm. The results show that TPB-coated PTFE has a reflectance of approximately 92\% for thicknesses ranging from 5~mm to 10~mm at 450~nm, with negligible variation as a function of thickness within this range. A cross-check of these results using an argon chamber supports the conclusion that the change in thickness from 5~mm to 10~mm does not affect significantly the light response at 128~nm. Our results indicate that pieces of TPB-coated PTFE thinner than the typical 10~mm can be used in particle physics detectors without compromising the light signal.
Published: 2022
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22. Demonstration of event position reconstruction based on diffusion in the NEXT-white detector

Author: Haefner, J., Navarro, K. E., Guenette, R., Jones, B. J. P., Tripathi, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Barrio-Torregrosa, M. del, Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Brodolin, A., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Hervés Carrete, C., Ifergan, Y., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Muñoz Vidal, J., Novella, P., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Pérez Maneiro, M., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Shomroni, I., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Sorel, M., Soto-Oton, J., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Trettin, A., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Published: 2024
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23. Effect of Pressure Distribution of NREL S809 Airfoil with Vortex Generator

Author: Balaji, G., Catherine Victoria, P., Solaiyappan, G., Mano, R. T., Santhakumar, U., Santhosh Kumar, G., Singha, Debayan, Hassan Ansari, R. H. T., Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Hawkes, Dean, Editorial Board Member, Bougdah, Hocine, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Editorial Board Member, Mohareb, Nabil, Editorial Board Member, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Editorial Board Member, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Mahgoub, Yasser, Editorial Board Member, De Bonis, Luciano, Editorial Board Member, Kostopoulou, Stella, Editorial Board Member, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Editorial Board Member, Abdul Mannan, Md., Editorial Board Member, Alalouch, Chaham, Editorial Board Member, Gawad, Iman O., Editorial Board Member, Nayyar, Anand, Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Sumesh, M., editor, Tavares, João Manuel R. S., editor, Vettivel, S. C., editor, and Oliveira, Mario Orlando, editor
Published: 2024
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24. Modular and mechanistic changes across stages of colorectal cancer

Author: Rahiminejad, Sara, Maurya, Mano R, Mukund, Kavitha, and Subramaniam, Shankar
Subjects: Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Cancer, Biomarkers, Tumor, Colorectal Neoplasms, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene Regulatory Networks, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Colorectal cancer, CRC stages, Stage-specific networks, Stage-unique networks, Biomarkers, Signaling pathways, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: BackgroundWhile mechanisms contributing to the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are well studied, cancer stage-specific mechanisms have been less comprehensively explored. This is the focus of this manuscript.MethodsUsing previously published data for CRC (Gene Expression Omnibus ID GSE21510), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four stages of the disease. We then generated unweighted and weighted correlation networks for each of the stages. Communities within these networks were detected using the Louvain algorithm and topologically and functionally compared across stages using the normalized mutual information (NMI) metric and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. We also used Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) algorithm to detect potential biomarkers having a role in CRC.ResultsSixteen Thousand Sixty Two DEGs were identified between various stages (p-value ≤ 0.05). Comparing communities of different stages revealed that neighboring stages were more similar to each other than non-neighboring stages, at both topological and functional levels. A functional analysis of 24 cancer-related pathways indicated that several signaling pathways were enriched across all stages. However, the stage-unique networks were distinctly enriched only for a subset of these 24 pathways (e.g., MAPK signaling pathway in stages I-III and Notch signaling pathway in stages III and IV). We identified potential biomarkers, including HOXB8 and WNT2 with increasing, and MTUS1 and SFRP2 with decreasing trends from stages I to IV. Extracting subnetworks of 10 cancer-relevant genes and their interacting first neighbors (162 genes in total) revealed that the connectivity patterns for these genes were different across stages. For example, BRAF and CDK4, members of the Ser/Thr kinase, up-regulated in cancer, displayed changing connectivity patterns from stages I to IV.ConclusionsHere, we report molecular and modular networks for various stages of CRC, providing a pseudo-temporal view of the mechanistic changes associated with the disease. Our analysis highlighted similarities at both functional and topological levels, across stages. We further identified stage-specific mechanisms and biomarkers potentially contributing to the progression of CRC.
Published: 2022

25. Modeling enzyme competition in eicosanoid metabolism in macrophage cells using a cybernetic framework

Author: Khanum, Sana, Gupta, Shakti, Maurya, Mano R., Raja, Rubesh, Aboulmouna, Lina, Subramaniam, Shankar, and Ramkrishna, Doraiswami
Published: 2024
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26. Critérios de autoria e co-autoria em trabalhos científicos

Author: Mano R Montenegro and Venâncio A. Ferreira Alves
Subjects: Botany, QK1-989
Published: 1997
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27. Recoil imaging for directional detection of dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond the Standard Model

Author: O'Hare, C. A. J., Loomba, D., Altenmüller, K., Álvarez-Pol, H., Amaro, F. D., Araújo, H. M., Sierra, D. Aristizabal, Asaadi, J., Attié, D., Aune, S., Awe, C., Ayyad, Y., Baracchini, E., Barbeau, P., Battat, J. B. R., Bell, N. F., Biasuzzi, B., Bignell, L. J., Boehm, C., Bolognino, I., Brunbauer, F. M., Caamaño, M., Cabo, C., Caratelli, D., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Cogollos, C., Collison, D., Costa, E., Dafni, T., Dastgiri, F., Deaconu, C., De Romeri, V., Desch, K., Dho, G., Di Giambattista, F., Díez-Ibáñez, D., D'Imperio, G., Dutta, B., Eldridge, C., Elliott, S. R., Ezeribe, A. C., Fava, A., Felkl, T., Fernández-Domínguez, B., Ribas, E. Ferrer, Flöthner, K. J., Froehlich, M., Galán, J., Galindo, J., García, F., Pascual, J. A. García, Gelli, B. P., Ghrear, M., Giomataris, Y., Gnanvo, K., Gramellini, E., Di Cortona, G. Grilli, Hall-Wilton, R., Harton, J., Hedges, S., Higashino, S., Hill, G., Holanda, P. C., Ikeda, T., Irastorza, I. G., Jackson, P., Janssens, D., Jones, B., Kaminski, J., Katsioulas, I., Kelly, K., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Korandla, H. B., Kraus, H., Lackner, A., Lane, G. J., Lewis, P. M., Lisowska, M., Luzón, G., Lynch, W. A., Maccarrone, G., Mack, K. J., Majewski, P. A., Mano, R. D. P., Margalejo, C., Markoff, D., Marley, T., Marques, D. J. G., Massarczyk, R., Mazzitelli, G., McCabe, C., McKie, L. J., McLean, A. G., McNamara, P. C., Mei, Y., Messina, A., Mills, A. F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mosbech, M. R., Muller, H., da Luz, H. Natal, Nakamura, K. D., Natochii, A., Neep, T., Newstead, J. L., Nikolopoulos, K., Obis, L., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, von Oy, J., Papaevangelou, T., Pérez, O., Perez-Gonzalez, Y. F., Pfeiffer, D., Phan, N. S., Piacentini, S., Olloqui, E. Picatoste, Pinci, D., Popescu, S., Prajapati, A., Queiroz, F. S., Raaf, J. L., Resnati, F., Ropelewski, L., Roque, R. C., Ruiz-Choliz, E., Rusu, A., Ruz, J., Samarati, J., Santos, E. M., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sauli, F., Scharenberg, L., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Scholberg, K., Schott, M., Schueler, J., Segui, L., Sekiya, H., Sengupta, D., Slavkovska, Z., Snowden-Ifft, D., Soffitta, P., van Stenis, M., Spooner, N. J. C., Strigari, L., Stuchbery, A. E., Sun, X., Torelli, S., Tilly, E. G., Thomas, A. W., Thorpe, T. N., Urquijo, P., Utrobičić, A., Vahsen, S. E., Veenhof, R., Vogel, J. K., Williams, A. G., Wood, M. H., and Zettlemoyer, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Recoil imaging entails the detection of spatially resolved ionization tracks generated by particle interactions. This is a highly sought-after capability in many classes of detector, with broad applications across particle and astroparticle physics. However, at low energies, where ionization signatures are small in size, recoil imaging only seems to be a practical goal for micro-pattern gas detectors. This white paper outlines the physics case for recoil imaging, and puts forward a decadal plan to advance towards the directional detection of low-energy recoils with sensitivity and resolution close to fundamental performance limits. The science case covered includes: the discovery of dark matter into the neutrino fog, directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, the precision study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, the detection of solar axions, the measurement of the Migdal effect, X-ray polarimetry, and several other applied physics goals. We also outline the R&D programs necessary to test concepts that are crucial to advance detector performance towards their fundamental limit: single primary electron sensitivity with full 3D spatial resolution at the $\sim$100 micron-scale. These advancements include: the use of negative ion drift, electron counting with high-definition electronic readout, time projection chambers with optical readout, and the possibility for nuclear recoil tracking in high-density gases such as argon. We also discuss the readout and electronics systems needed to scale-up such detectors to the ton-scale and beyond., Comment: 77 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)
Published: 2022

28. Neutral Bremsstrahlung emission in xenon unveiled

Author: Henriques, C. A. O., Amedo, P., Teixeira, J. M. R., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Azevedo, C. D. R., Para, A., Martin-Albo, J., Hernandez, A. Saa, Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Nygren, D. R., Monteiro, C. M. B., Adams, C., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodriguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Carcel, S., Carrion, J. V., Cebrian, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Diaz, G., Diaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Guenette, R., Gutierrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martinez, A., Martinez-Vara, M., Martinez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Munoz, Novella, P., Palmeiro, B., Perez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodriguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simon, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Uson, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: We present evidence of non-excimer-based secondary scintillation in gaseous xenon, obtained using both the NEXT-White TPC and a dedicated setup. Detailed comparison with first-principle calculations allows us to assign this scintillation mechanism to neutral bremsstrahlung (NBrS), a process that has been postulated to exist in xenon that has been largely overlooked. For photon emission below 1000 nm, the NBrS yield increases from about 10$^{-2}$ photon/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$ at pressure-reduced electric field values of 50 V cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$ to above 3$\times$10$^{-1}$ photon/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$ at 500 V cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$. Above 1.5 kV cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$, values that are typically employed for electroluminescence, it is estimated that NBrS is present with an intensity around 1 photon/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$ bar$^{-1}$, which is about two orders of magnitude lower than conventional, excimer-based electroluminescence. Despite being fainter than its excimeric counterpart, our calculations reveal that NBrS causes luminous backgrounds that can interfere, in either gas or liquid phase, with the ability to distinguish and/or to precisely measure low primary-scintillation signals (S1). In particular, we show this to be the case in the "buffer" and "veto" regions, where keeping the electric field below the electroluminescence (EL) threshold will not suffice to extinguish secondary scintillation. The electric field in these regions should be chosen carefully to avoid intolerable levels of NBrS emission. Furthermore, we show that this new source of light emission opens up a viable path towards obtaining S2 signals for discrimination purposes in future single-phase liquid TPCs for neutrino and dark matter physics, with estimated yields up to 20-50 photons/e$^{-}$ cm$^{-1}$., Comment: Published in Physical Review X
Published: 2022
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29. Ba$^{2+}$ ion trapping by organic submonolayer: towards an ultra-low background neutrinoless double beta decay detector

Author: Herrero-Gómez, P., Calupitan, J. P., Ilyn, M., Berdonces-Layunta, A., Wang, T., de Oteyza, D. G., Corso, M., González-Moreno, R., Rivilla, I., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Freixa, Z., Monrabal, F., Cossío, F. P., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Rogero, C., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Raymond, A., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: If neutrinos are their own antiparticles, the otherwise-forbidden nuclear reaction known as neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta 0\nu$) can occur, with a characteristic lifetime which is expected to be very long, making the suppression of backgrounds a daunting task. It has been shown that detecting (``tagging'') the Ba$^{+2}$ dication produced in the double beta decay ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe} \rightarrow {}^{136}$Ba$^{+2}+ 2 e + (2 \nu)$ in a high pressure gas experiment, could lead to a virtually background free experiment. To identify these \Bapp, chemical sensors are being explored as a key tool by the NEXT collaboration . Although used in many fields, the application of such chemosensors to the field of particle physics is totally novel and requires experimental demonstration of their suitability in the ultra-dry environment of a xenon gas chamber. Here we use a combination of complementary surface science techniques to unambiguously show that Ba$^{+2}$ ions can be trapped (chelated) in vacuum by an organic molecule, the so-called fluorescent bicolour indicator (FBI) (one of the chemosensors developed by NEXT), immobilized on a surface. We unravel the ion capture mechanism once the molecules are immobilised on Au(111) surface and explain the origin of the emission fluorescence shift associated to the trapping of different ions. Moreover, we prove that chelation also takes place on a technologically relevant substrate, as such, demonstrating the feasibility of using FBI indicators as building blocks of a Ba$^{+2}$ detector.
Published: 2022
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30. Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen

Author: Amaro, P., Adamczak, A., Ahmed, M. Abdou, Affolter, L., Amaro, F. D., Carvalho, P., Chen, T. -L., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferro, M., Goeldi, D., Graf, T., Guerra, M., Hänsch, T. W., Henriques, C. A. O., Huang, Y. -C., Indelicato, P., Kara, O., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Kottmann, F., Liu, Y. -W., Machado, J., Marszalek, M., Mano, R. D. P., Monteiro, C. M. B., Nez, F., Nuber, J., Ouf, A., Paul, N., Pohl, R., Rapisarda, E., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Santos, J. P., Silva, P. A. O. C., Sinkunaite, L., Shy, J. -T., Schuhmann, K., Rajamohanan, S., Soter, A., Sustelo, L., Taqqu, D., Wang, L. -B., Wauters, F., Yzombard, P., Zeyen, M., and Antognini, A.
Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy to determine the two-photon-exchange contribution with $2\times10^{-4}$ relative accuracy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom undergoes a laser excitation from the singlet hyperfine state to the triplet hyperfine state, {then} is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after the collisional deexcitation is used as a signature of a successful laser transition between hyperfine states. In this paper, we calculate the combined probability that a $\mu$p atom initially in the singlet hyperfine state undergoes a laser excitation to the triplet state followed by a collisional-induced deexcitation back to the singlet state. This combined probability has been computed using the optical Bloch equations including the inelastic and elastic collisions. Omitting the decoherence effects caused by {the laser bandwidth and }collisions would overestimate the transition probability by more than a factor of two in the experimental conditions. Moreover, we also account for Doppler effects and provide the matrix element, the saturation fluence, the elastic and inelastic collision rates for the singlet and triplet states, and the resonance linewidth. This calculation thus quantifies one of the key unknowns of the HFS experiment, leading to a precise definition of the requirements for the laser system and to an optimization of the hydrogen gas target where $\mu$p is formed and the laser spectroscopy will occur., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2021
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31. Measurement of the ${}^{136}$Xe two-neutrino double beta decay half-life via direct background subtraction in NEXT

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Novella, P., Sorel, M., Usón, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Larizgoitia, L., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Navarro, K., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Raymond, A., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report a measurement of the half-life of the ${}^{136}$Xe two-neutrino double beta decay performed with a novel direct background subtraction technique. The analysis relies on the data collected with the NEXT-White detector operated with ${}^{136}$Xe-enriched and ${}^{136}$Xe-depleted xenon, as well as on the topology of double-electron tracks. With a fiducial mass of only 3.5 kg of Xe, a half-life of $2.34^{+0.80}_{-0.46}\textrm{(stat)}^{+0.30}_{-0.17}\textrm{(sys)}\times10^{21}~\textrm{yr}$ is derived from the background-subtracted energy spectrum. The presented technique demonstrates the feasibility of unique background-model-independent neutrinoless double beta decay searches., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, and 1 appendix
Published: 2021
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32. The Dynamics of Ions on Phased Radio-frequency Carpets in High Pressure Gases and Application for Barium Tagging in Xenon Gas Time Projection Chambers

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Jones, B. J. P., Raymond, A., Woodruff, K., Byrnes, N., Denisenko, A. A., Foss, F. W., Navarro, K., Nygren, D. R., Vuong, T. T., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Dickel, T., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z, Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Hernando~Morata, J. A., Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., Gutierrez, D. Lopez, López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Mistry, K., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Radio-frequency (RF) carpets with ultra-fine pitches are examined for ion transport in gases at atmospheric pressures and above. We develop new analytic and computational methods for modeling RF ion transport at densities where dynamics are strongly influenced by buffer gas collisions. An analytic description of levitating and sweeping forces from phased arrays is obtained, then thermodynamic and kinetic principles are used to calculate ion loss rates in the presence of collisions. This methodology is validated against detailed microscopic SIMION simulations. We then explore a parameter space of special interest for neutrinoless double beta decay experiments: transport of barium ions in xenon at pressures from 1 to 10 bar. Our computations account for molecular ion formation and pressure dependent mobility as well as finite temperature effects. We discuss the challenges associated with achieving suitable operating conditions, which lie beyond the capabilities of existing devices, using presently available or near-future manufacturing techniques., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures v2: author list update and pre-journal submission adjustments
Published: 2021

33. Boosting background suppression in the NEXT experiment through Richardson-Lucy deconvolution

Author: Simón, A., Ifergan, Y., Redwine, A. B., Weiss-Babai, R., Arazi, L., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Gosh, S., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Vara, M., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. -E., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Newhouse, C., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments aim for half-life sensitivities of ~$10^{27}$ yr, requiring suppressing backgrounds to <1 count/tonne/yr. For this, any extra background rejection handle, beyond excellent energy resolution and the use of extremely radiopure materials, is of utmost importance. The NEXT experiment exploits differences in the spatial ionization patterns of double beta decay and single-electron events to discriminate signal from background. While the former display two Bragg peak dense ionization regions at the opposite ends of the track, the latter typically have only one such feature. Thus, comparing the energies at the track extremes provides an additional rejection tool. The unique combination of the topology-based background discrimination and excellent energy resolution (1% FWHM at the Q-value of the decay) is the distinguishing feature of NEXT. Previous studies demonstrated a topological background rejection factor of ~5 when reconstructing electron-positron pairs in the $^{208}$Tl 1.6 MeV double escape peak (with Compton events as background), recorded in the NEXT-White demonstrator at the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc, with 72% signal efficiency. This was recently improved through the use of a deep convolutional neural network to yield a background rejection factor of ~10 with 65% signal efficiency. Here, we present a new reconstruction method, based on the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm, which allows reversing the blurring induced by electron diffusion and electroluminescence light production in the NEXT TPC. The new method yields highly refined 3D images of reconstructed events, and, as a result, significantly improves the topological background discrimination. When applied to real-data 1.6 MeV $e^-e^+$ pairs, it leads to a background rejection factor of 27 at 57% signal efficiency., Comment: Submitted to JHEP
Published: 2021
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34. Electroluminescence yield in pure krypton

Author: Mano, R. D. P., Henriques, C. A. O., Amaro, F. D., and Monteiro, C. M. B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The krypton electroluminescence yield was studied, at room temperature, as a function of electric field in the gas scintillation gap. A large area avalanche photodiode has been used to allow the simultaneous detection of the electroluminescence pulses as well as the direct interaction of x-rays, the latter being used as a reference for the calculation of the number of charge carriers produced by the electroluminescence pulses and, thus, the determination of the number of photons impinging the photodiode. An amplification parameter of 113 photons per kV per drifting electron and a scintillation threshold of 2.7 Td ( 0.7 kV/cm/bar at 293 K ) was obtained, in good agreement with the simulation data reported in the literature. On the other hand, the ionisation threshold in krypton was found to be around 13.5 Td (3.4 kV/cm/bar), less than what had been obtained by the most recent simulation work-package. The krypton amplification parameter is about 80% and 140% of those measured for xenon and argon, respectively. The electroluminescence yield in krypton is of great importance for modeling krypton-based double-phase or high-pressure gas detectors, which may be used in future rare event detection experiments.
Published: 2021

35. Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Kekic, M., Adams, C., Woodruff, K., Renner, J., Church, E., Del Tutto, M., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodriguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Carcel, S., Carrion, J. V., Cebrian, S., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Diaz, G., Diaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutierrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martin-Albo, J., Martinez, A., Martinez-Lema, G., Martinez-Vara, M., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Perez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodriguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simon, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Uson, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{136}$Xe. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6-MeV gamma rays from a $^{228}$Th calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulated events and show that, by applying on-the-fly data augmentation, the network can be made robust against differences between simulation and data. The use of CNNs offer significant improvement in signal efficiency/background rejection when compared to previous non-CNN-based analyses., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures; version matches published JHEP version
Published: 2020
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36. Dependence of polytetrafluoroethylene reflectance on thickness at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths in air

Author: Ghosh, S., Haefner, J., Martín-Albo, J., Guenette, R., Li, X., Villalpando, A. A. Loya, Burch, C., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González-Díaz, D., Gutiérrez, R. M., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martínez, A., Martínez-Vara, M., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. However, the reflectance of PTFE is a function of its thickness. In this work, we investigate this dependence in air for light of wavelengths 260 nm and 450 nm using two complementary methods. We find that PTFE reflectance for thicknesses from 5 mm to 10 mm ranges from 92.5% to 94.5% at 450 nm, and from 90.0% to 92.0% at 260 nm. We also see that the reflectance of PTFE of a given thickness can vary by as much as 2.7% within the same piece of material. Finally, we show that placing a specular reflector behind the PTFE can recover the loss of reflectance in the visible without introducing a specular component in the reflectance., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2020
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37. Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture

Author: Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Sorel, M., Adams, C., Alvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture ($2\nu ECEC$) has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in $^{78}$Kr, $^{130}$Ba and, recently, $^{124}$Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process, $0\nu ECEC$. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to $^{124}$Xe $2\nu ECEC$ and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the $2\nu ECEC$ signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with $^{124}$Xe-depleted gas as background, we define an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of $^{124}$Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the $2\nu ECEC$ half-life of $6 \times 10^{22}$ y (at 90% confidence level) or better can be reached., Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2020
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38. Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double beta decay searches

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., González-Díaz, D., Gosh, S., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ho, J., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Vara, M., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Meziani, Z. E., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Newhouse, C., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A., Renner, J., Ripoll, L., Rivilla, I., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sorel, M., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT) searches for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Xe-136 using high-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification. A scaled-up version of this technology with about 1 tonne of enriched xenon could reach in less than 5 years of operation a sensitivity to the half-life of neutrinoless double-beta decay decay better than 1E27 years, improving the current limits by at least one order of magnitude. This prediction is based on a well-understood background model dominated by radiogenic sources. The detector concept presented here represents a first step on a compelling path towards sensitivity to the parameter space defined by the inverted ordering of neutrino masses, and beyond., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2020

39. Modeling transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle using a novel cybernetic-inspired approach

Author: Raja, Rubesh, Khanum, Sana, Aboulmouna, Lina, Maurya, Mano R., Gupta, Shakti, Subramaniam, Shankar, and Ramkrishna, Doraiswami
Published: 2024
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40. Mitigation of Backgrounds from Cosmogenic $^{137}$Xe in Xenon Gas Experiments using $^{3}$He Neutron Capture

Author: Rogers, L., Jones, B. J. P., Laing, A., Pingulkar, S., Woodruff, K., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Dingler, R., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: \Xe{136} is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for \bbnonu. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of \Xe{137} created by the capture of neutrons on \Xe{136}. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 minutes and a \Qb\ of $\sim$4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of \He{3} to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from \Xe{137} activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory.
Published: 2020
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41. Longitudinal shear stress response in human endothelial cells to atheroprone and atheroprotective conditions

Author: Maurya, Mano R, Gupta, Shakti, Li, Julie Yi-Shuan, Ajami, Nassim E, Chen, Zhen B, Shyy, John Y-J, Chien, Shu, and Subramaniam, Shankar
Subjects: Cardiovascular, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aorta, Atherosclerosis, Cell Cycle, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation, Endothelial Cells, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Models, Biological, Organ Specificity, Phenotype, Proteome, Signal Transduction, Stress, Mechanical, Systems Biology, Transcription Factors, atherosclerosis, endothelial cells, systems biology, temporal analysis of flow response, transcriptomics
Abstract: The two main blood flow patterns, namely, pulsatile shear (PS) prevalent in straight segments of arteries and oscillatory shear (OS) observed at branch points, are associated with atheroprotective (healthy) and atheroprone (unhealthy) vascular phenotypes, respectively. The effects of blood flow-induced shear stress on endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular health have generally been studied using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). While there are a few studies comparing the differential roles of PS and OS across different types of ECs at a single time point, there is a paucity of studies comparing the temporal responses between different EC types. In the current study, we measured OS and PS transcriptomic responses in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) over 24 h and compared these temporal responses of HAECs with our previous findings on HUVECs. The measurements were made at 1, 4, and 24 h in order to capture the responses at early, mid, and late time points after shearing. The results indicate that the responses of HAECs and HUVECs are qualitatively similar for endothelial function-relevant genes and several important pathways with a few exceptions, thus demonstrating that HUVECs can be used as a model to investigate the effects of shear on arterial ECs, with consideration of the differences. Our findings show that HAECs exhibit an earlier response or faster kinetics as compared to HUVECs. The comparative analysis of HAECs and HUVECs presented here offers insights into the mechanisms of common and disparate shear stress responses across these two major endothelial cell types.
Published: 2021

42. Radio Frequency and DC High Voltage Breakdown of High Pressure Helium, Argon, and Xenon

Author: Woodruff, K., Baeza-Rubio, J., Huerta, D., Jones, B. J. P., McDonald, A. D., Norman, L., Nygren, D. R., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N. K., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Denisenko, A. A., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss Jr., F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Ghosh, S., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Johnston, S., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Thapa, P., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Motivated by the possibility of guiding daughter ions from double beta decay events to single-ion sensors for barium tagging, the NEXT collaboration is developing a program of R&D to test radio frequency (RF) carpets for ion transport in high pressure xenon gas. This would require carpet functionality in regimes at higher pressures than have been previously reported, implying correspondingly larger electrode voltages than in existing systems. This mode of operation appears plausible for contemporary RF-carpet geometries due to the higher predicted breakdown strength of high pressure xenon relative to low pressure helium, the working medium in most existing RF carpet devices. In this paper we present the first measurements of the high voltage dielectric strength of xenon gas at high pressure and at the relevant RF frequencies for ion transport (in the 10 MHz range), as well as new DC and RF measurements of the dielectric strengths of high pressure argon and helium gases at small gap sizes. We find breakdown voltages that are compatible with stable RF carpet operation given the gas, pressure, voltage, materials and geometry of interest.
Published: 2019
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43. Low-diffusion Xe-He gas mixtures for rare-event detection: Electroluminescence Yield

Author: Fernandes, A. F. M., Henriques, C. A. O., Mano, R. D. P., González-Díaz, D., Azevedo, C. D. R., Silva, P. A. O. C., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Freitas, E. D. C., Fernandes, L. M. P., Monteiro, C. M. B., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carríon, J. V., Cebrían, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, J., Díaz, G., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Psihas, F., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: High pressure xenon Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification are being proposed for rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The discrimination of the rare event through the topological signature of primary ionisation trails is a major asset for this type of TPC when compared to single liquid or double-phase TPCs, limited mainly by the high electron diffusion in pure xenon. Helium admixtures with xenon can be an attractive solution to reduce the electron diffusion significantly, improving the discrimination efficiency of these optical TPCs. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe-He mixtures, in the range of 0 to 30% He and demonstrated the small impact on the EL yield of the addition of helium to pure xenon. For a typical reduced electric field of 2.5 kV/cm/bar in the scintillation region, the EL yield is lowered by ~ 2%, 3%, 6% and 10% for 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of helium concentration, respectively. This decrease is less than what has been obtained from the most recent simulation framework in the literature. The impact of the addition of helium on EL statistical fluctuations is negligible, within the experimental uncertainties. The present results are an important benchmark for the simulation tools to be applied to future optical TPCs based on Xe-He mixtures.
Published: 2019

44. Radiogenic backgrounds in the NEXT double beta decay experiment

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Novella, P., Palmeiro, B., Sorel, M., Usón, A., Ferrario, P., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., López, G. Díaz, Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Nygren, D. R., Para, A., Pérez, J., Psihas, F., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Natural radioactivity represents one of the main backgrounds in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Within the NEXT physics program, the radioactivity-induced backgrounds are measured with the NEXT-White detector. Data from 37.9 days of low-background operations at the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc with xenon depleted in $^{136}$Xe are analyzed to derive a total background rate of (0.84$\pm$0.02) mHz above 1000 keV. The comparison of data samples with and without the use of the radon abatement system demonstrates that the contribution of airborne-Rn is negligible. A radiogenic background model is built upon the extensive radiopurity screening campaign conducted by the NEXT Collaboration. A spectral fit to this model yields the specific contributions of $^{60}$Co, $^{40}$K, $^{214}$Bi and $^{208}$Tl to the total background rate, as well as their location in the detector volumes. The results are used to evaluate the impact of the radiogenic backgrounds in the double beta decay analyses, after the application of topological cuts that reduce the total rate to (0.25$\pm$0.01) mHz. Based on the best-fit background model, the NEXT-White median sensitivity to the two-neutrino double beta decay is found to be 3.5$\sigma$ after 1 year of data taking. The background measurement in a Q$_{\beta\beta}\pm$100 keV energy window validates the best-fit background model also for the neutrinoless double beta decay search with NEXT-100. Only one event is found, while the model expectation is (0.75$\pm$0.12) events.
Published: 2019
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45. Energy calibration of the NEXT-White detector with 1% resolution near Q$_{\beta\beta}$ of $^{136}$Xe

Author: Renner, J., López, G. Díaz, Ferrario, P., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Kekic, M., Martínez-Lema, G., Monrabal, F., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., McDonald, A. D., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Psihas, F., Querol, M., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Excellent energy resolution is one of the primary advantages of electroluminescent high pressure xenon TPCs, and searches for rare physics events such as neutrinoless double-beta decay ($\beta\beta0\nu$) require precise energy measurements. Using the NEXT-White detector, developed by the NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC) collaboration, we show for the first time that an energy resolution of 1% FWHM can be achieved at 2.6 MeV, establishing the present technology as the one with the best energy resolution of all xenon detectors for $\beta\beta0\nu$ searches., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures; accepted to JHEP
Published: 2019
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46. Demonstration of the event identification capabilities of the NEXT-White detector

Author: NEXT Collaboration, Ferrario, P., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., López, G. Díaz, Morata, J. A. Hernando, Kekic, M., Renner, J., Usón, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Borges, F. I. G. M., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Ghosh, S., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Ifergan, Y., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., McDonald, A. D., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Psihas, F., Querol, M., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., García, Y. Rodríguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, R., White, J. T., Woodruff, K., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, the possibility of identifying the two emitted electrons is a powerful tool in rejecting background events and therefore improving the overall sensitivity of the experiment. In this paper we present the first measurement of the efficiency of a cut based on the different event signatures of double and single electron tracks, using the data of the NEXT-White detector, the first detector of the NEXT experiment operating underground. Using a \TO\ calibration source to produce signal-like and background-like events with energies near 1.6 MeV, a signal efficiency of $71.6 \pm 1.5_{\textrm{ stat}} \pm 0.3_{\textrm{ sys}} \%$ for a background acceptance of $20.6 \pm 0.4_{\textrm{ stat}} \pm 0.3_{\textrm{ sys}} \%$ is found, in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. An extrapolation to the energy region of the neutrinoless double beta decay by means of Monte Carlo simulations is also carried out, and the results obtained show an improvement in background rejection over those obtained at lower energies., Comment: Accepted by JHEP
Published: 2019
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47. Electron Drift and Longitudinal Diffusion in High Pressure Xenon-Helium Gas Mixtures

Author: McDonald, A. D., Woodruff, K., Atoum, B. Al, González-Díaz, D., Jones, B. J. P., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Azevedo, C. D. R, Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Conde, C. A. N., Díaz, G., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, P., Herrero, V., Johnston, S., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., Martínez-Lema, G., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., MuñozVidal, J., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Pérez, J., Querol, M., Renner, J., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Garcia, Y. Rodriguez, Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Usón, A., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., Weiss-Babai, White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report new measurements of the drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion coefficients of electrons in pure xenon gas and in xenon-helium gas mixtures at 1-9 bar and electric field strengths of 50-300 V/cm. In pure xenon we find excellent agreement with world data at all $E/P$, for both drift velocity and diffusion coefficients. However, a larger value of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient than theoretical predictions is found at low $E/P$ in pure xenon, below the range of reduced fields usually probed by TPC experiments. A similar effect is observed in xenon-helium gas mixtures at somewhat larger $E/P$. Drift velocities in xenon-helium mixtures are found to be theoretically well predicted. Although longitudinal diffusion in xenon-helium mixtures is found to be larger than anticipated, extrapolation based on the measured longitudinal diffusion coefficients suggest that the use of helium additives to reduce transverse diffusion in xenon gas remains a promising prospect.
Published: 2019
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48. Demonstration of neutrinoless double beta decay searches in gaseous xenon with NEXT

Author: Novella, P., Sorel, M., Usón, A., Adams, C., Almazán, H., Álvarez, V., Aparicio, B., Aranburu, A. I., Arazi, L., Arnquist, I. J., Auria-Luna, F., Ayet, S., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., del Barrio-Torregrosa, M., Bayo, A., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Bounasser, S., Byrnes, N., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Church, E., Cid, L., Conde, C. A. N., Contreras, T., Cossío, F. P., Dey, E., Díaz, G., Dickel, T., Elorza, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Fahs, A., Felkai, R., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferrario, P., Ferreira, A. L., Foss, F. W., Freitas, E. D. C., Freixa, Z., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., González, R., Grocott, J., Guenette, R., Haefner, J., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Hernando Morata, J. A., Herrero-Gómez, P., Herrero, V., Hervés Carrete, C., Ho, J., Ho, P., Ifergan, Y., Jones, B. J. P., Labarga, L., Larizgoitia, L., Larumbe, A., Lebrun, P., Lopez, F., Lopez Gutierrez, D., López-March, N., Madigan, R., Mano, R. D. P., Marques, A. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez-Lema, G., Martínez-Vara, M., Meziani, Z. E., Miller, R. L., Mistry, K., Molina-Canteras, J., Monrabal, F., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Muñoz Vidal, J., Navarro, K., Nuñez, A., Nygren, D. R., Oblak, E., Odriozola-Gimeno, M., Palacio, J., Palmeiro, B., Para, A., Parmaksiz, I., Pelegrin, J., Pérez Maneiro, M., Querol, M., Redwine, A. B., Renner, J., Rivilla, I., Rodríguez, J., Rogero, C., Rogers, L., Romeo, B., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Simón, A., Soleti, S. R., Stanford, C., Teixeira, J. M. R., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Vuong, T. T., Waiton, J., and White, J. T.
Published: 2023
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49. 50 litres TPC with sCMOS-based optical readout for the CYGNO project

Author: Mazzitelli, G., Domingues, F. Amaro, Baracchini, E., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Capoccia, C., Caponero, M., Cardoso, D. Santos, Cavoto, G., Cortez, A., Costa, I. Abritta, Dané, E., Dho, G., Giambattista, F. Di, Marco, E. Di, D’Imperio, G., Iacoangeli, F., Júnior, H. Pessoa Lima, Lopes, G. Sebastiao Pinheiro, Maccarrone, G., Mano, R. Daniel Passos, Gregorio, R. Renz Marcelo, Marques, D. José Gaspar, McLean, A. Gregor, Messina, A., Monteiro, C. Maria Bernardes, Nobrega, R. Antunes, Pains, I. Fonseca, Paoletti, E., Passamonti, L., Pelosi, S., Petrucci, F., Piacentini, S., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Pinci, D., Prajapati, A., Renga, F., Riggio, C., Rodano, A., da Cruz Roque, R. Joana, Rosatelli, F., Russo, A., Santos, J. Marques Ferreira dos, Saviano, G., Spooner, N. John Curwen, Tesauro, R., Tomassini, S., Torelli, S., and Tozzi, D.
Published: 2023
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50. Initial results on energy resolution of the NEXT-White detector

Author: Renner, J., Ferrario, P., Martínez-Lema, G., Monrabal, F., Para, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J. J., Adams, C., Álvarez, V., Arazi, L., Azevedo, C. D. R., Bailey, K., Ballester, F., Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M., Borges, F. I. G. M., Botas, A., Cárcel, S., Carrión, J. V., Cebrián, S., Conde, C. A. N., Díaz, J., Diesburg, M., Escada, J., Esteve, R., Felkai, R., Fernandes, A. F. M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Ferreira, A. L., Freitas, E. D. C., Generowicz, J., Goldschmidt, A., González-Díaz, D., Guenette, R., Gutiérrez, R. M., Hafidi, K., Hauptman, J., Henriques, C. A. O., Hernandez, A. I., Morata, J. A. Hernando, Herrero, V., Johnston, S., Jones, B. J. P., Kekic, M., Labarga, L., Laing, A., Lebrun, P., López-March, N., Losada, M., Mano, R. D. P., Martín-Albo, J., Martínez, A., McDonald, A. D., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mora, F. J., Vidal, J. Muñoz, Musti, M., Nebot-Guinot, M., Novella, P., Nygren, D. R., Palmeiro, B., Pérez, J., Psihas, F., Querol, M., Repond, J., Riordan, S., Ripoll, L., Rodríguez, J., Rogers, L., Romo-Luque, C., Santos, F. P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Simón, A., Sofka, C., Sorel, M., Stiegler, T., Toledo, J. F., Torrent, J., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Webb, R., White, J. T., and Yahlali, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: One of the major goals of the NEXT-White (NEW) detector is to demonstrate the energy resolution that an electroluminescent high pressure xenon TPC can achieve for high energy tracks. For this purpose, energy calibrations with 137Cs and 232Th sources have been carried out as a part of the long run taken with the detector during most of 2017. This paper describes the initial results obtained with those calibrations, showing excellent linearity and an energy resolution that extrapolates to approximately 1% FWHM at Q$_{\beta\beta}$., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in JINST
Published: 2018
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