Search

Este artículo analiza la progresiva introducción de la formación y experimentación agraria en el territorio español desde mediados del siglo xix, prestando especial atención a las discusiones intelectuales e iniciativas privadas para integrar en ellas a la mujer. El trabajo presenta el origen y la trayectoria de una experiencia pionera a nivel estatal, la «primera Granja-Escuela femenina», impulsada por su directora (Consuelo González Ramos) cuyo objetivo era ofrecer una instrucción similar a la que el Estado procuraba a sus miembros masculinos, así como una oportunidad de acceder al mercado laboral a través de la industria rural.

The aim of this paper is to analyse, based on the novel La Aldea Perdida by Palacio Valdés, the impact of railway construction on the population, number of farms and number of businesses at parish level in the mining councils of Laviana and Langreo. Using the difference–in–differences (DID) estimator, we quantified the effect of access to the railway on these parishes for the 1879–1911 period. The sources used were the Nomenclature of Population Entities and the Bailly–Bailliére Yearbook of Professions, Trades and Industries. The results confirmed that the railway had a positive and significant influence on population and number of businesses, while the number of farmsteads decreased. This highlights how industrialization was urbanizing the population, something Palacio Valdés opposed from the very first pages of his novel.

Objectives: Although xenobiotics derived from food processing may cause modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) evidence is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of potential dietary carcinogens as heterocyclic amines (HAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrates, nitrites, nitroso compounds and acrylamide, in combination to fibers (poly)phenols on the GM composition in a group of materially deprived subjects. Study design: Transversal observational study in a sample of 19 subjects recipients of Red Cross food aid. Dietary information was recorded by means of 3 non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Questions focused on the type of cooking and the extent of cooking and roasting were included. Information on potential carcinogens was mainly obtained from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) Carcinogen Databases. Microbial composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in fecal samples. Results: Higher levels of Lachnospiraceae and Eggerthellaceae families were found in individuals consuming less than 50 ng/day of 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo (4,5,f) quinoxaline (MeIQx) (considered as lower risk dose for colorectal adenoma) while those consuming more than 40 ng/day of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5,b) pyridine (PhIP) (higher risk for colorectal adenoma) showed lower relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and greater presence of Streptococcaceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. Conclusion: The associations identified between diet and processing by-products on GM in this study could be used as potential targets for the designing of dietary interventions tailored to this collective., This work received support from Alimerka Foundation, the project RTI2018-098288-B-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, “Una manera de hacer Europa” and by the project AYUD/2021/50981 from the Principality of Asturias, to support the activity of research groups. AZ was the recipient of a predoctoral contract and NS of a postdoctoral contract (Convocatoria intramural 2021) funded by FINBA (Spain). SR-S was the recipient of a predoctoral contract (Severo Ochoa 2021-BP20-012) funded by the Plan Regional de Investigación, Principality of Asturias. MG-M was the recipient of a predoctoral FPU contract (FPU18/03393) funded by the Ministry of Universities (Spain). SA was the recipient of a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva contract (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Ref. IJCI-2017-32156).

A pan-European network of universities connected with a common goal and involving both students and professors can be a strong catalyst for the professional, economic and social development of the university environment that positively affects not only the university itself but also the other agents or actors in its ecosystem. It is also widely recognized that training and education in entrepreneurship constitutes a solid strategic tool for regional development in which both public and private institutions around the world have made large investments over the past years. The European Project EntRenew in which the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia - Spain (UPV) participates from 2019 is working in facilitating the exchange, flow and co-creation of new knowledge, enabling professors to teach transdisciplinary studies through innovative methods and stimulate synergies between universities and entrepreneurial support systems throughout Europe. Ideas-UPV, the entrepreneurial service at UPV has a large experience of 30 years promoting entrepreneurship among students and professors. It also participates in different European projects establishing networks and future collaboration opportunities. The design of entrepreneurship education programs aimed at higher education students is also a core area of the service, not only addressing business plans but also the development of entrepreneurial skills. This work analyses the current results of the EntRenew program and how this and other initiatives of Ideas-UPV have had an impact on the creation of student entrepreneurial ecosystems, fostering cooperation between the actors and establishing connections to the university environments.

The first years of life represent a window of opportunity to establish proper dietary patterns and to maintain them over time. Our aim was to describe the diet of a cohort of Spanish children, from 2 to 36 months, and to identify the components that could influence the quality of the diet at 24 and 36 months of age. This was a longitudinal prospective study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 97 full-term babies. At 2–3 months of age, only 53.6% of infants were observed to be breastfed. The intake of animal foodstuffs from 12 to 36 months was higher than national recommendations, and the contrary was true for fruits and vegetables. The intake of vitamin D was below European Food Safety Authority recommendations. Moreover, energy intake at 6 months was inversely associated with Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) at 24 months, whereas vegetables intake was positively associated with MDS at 36 months. These results could be useful in the creation of future guidelines focused on the promotion of breastfeeding and healthy early-life food habits, This work was financed by PCIN-2015-233 (Project EarlyMicroHealth from the EU Joint Program Initiative HDHL) (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and by the University of Oviedo (Diet, Rhythms and Early Acquisition Microbiota (DREAMS) Project; Reference no. 2017/00001/003/005/013). S.A. was the recipient of a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva Contract (Reference no. IJCI-2017-32156) funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.G-M. was the recipient of a pre-doctoral FPU contract FPU18/03393) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities.

This study deals with the experience of the writers born between 1924 and 1939, who were forced to leave Spain with their families at the end of the Spanish Civil War. These writers are considered the Second Generation of exile: some children that portrait their survival experience and their European journey before arriving to Mexico, their new country. They were children, who became writers and translators; and authors who reflected their personal experiences on their works. This research focuses on one of the most relevant authors of this generation: Martí Soler Vinyes (Barcelona, ​​1934) and we pay special attention to their translation work since 1975, a crucial date in Spanish contemporary history, which is the end to their status of "exile". This study aims to analyze some Soler’s Catalan translations of these years in order to get a better understanding of his corpus. For this reason, Soler is considered one of the most important writer-translator in Mexico with a particular and sophisticated taste, plenty of literary influences that helps to understand Manuel Duran’s quote: "tell me what you like to translate and I will tell you who you are.", El presente estudio versa sobre la experiencia de los escritores de la segunda generación de exiliados: unos niños nacidos entre 1924 y 1939 que se vieron obligados a abandonar España con sus familias al término de la Guerra Civil. Unos niños que crecen marcados por su experiencia, por la supervivencia de la guerra, el paso por diversos países europeos previo asentamiento en México, por los problemas identitarios debido a su condición de nómadas… En definitiva, unos niños convertidos en escritores que a su vez han devenido traductores y que han reflejado sus experiencias personales en su ejercicio de escritura y de traducción. Por lo tanto, nuestra intención es estudiar la dimensión traductológica de uno de los autores más notables de esta generación: Martí Soler Vinyes (Barcelona, 1934- ) para profundizar en la relación autor-traductor que en él se fusiona en un mismo ser. Prestaremos especial atención a su labor traductológica desde 1975, fecha que marca un antes y un después en la historia española y que al supuestamente acabar con la condición de “exiliado” de nuestro protagonista, modifica una vez más su subjetividad y por ende, su ejercicio de escritura. Por último, este estudio pretende analizar las traducciones de Soler con el fin de comprender mejor a este autor, al escritor-traductor, con sus particulares gustos e influencias literarias puesto que, como afirma su coetáneo Manuel Durán, “dime a quién traduces y te diré quién eres”.

Este artículo analiza la participación de Carmen de Burgos en el debate regeneracionista acerca de la situación económica española de principios del siglo XX y sus efectos en el ámbito laboral femenino. El examen de la documentación hemerográfica, ensayística y literaria de la autora en su primera etapa narrativa permitirá comprender su posicionamiento en el debate anti–industrialista finisecular y su confianza en el espacio agrario como solución para todos los males que aquejaban a la nación. Esta postura motivará su implicación en la educación práctica de la mujer y que difundirá en su narrativa.

Extensive work has established the importance of the gut microbiota during the first years of life. However, there are few longitudinal studies describing the role of infants´ diet on the evolution of the fecal microbiota and their metabolic activity during this stage. The aim of this work was to explore the impact of diet on the composition of the major intestinal microorganisms and their main microbial metabolites from birth to 12 months. This is a longitudinal prospective study analyzing fecal microbiota, bacterial groups levels were determined by qPCR and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels by gas chromatography, as well as information from self-administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency from a cohort of 83, Spanish and full-term, infants at 15, 90, 180 and 365 days of age. Results revealed that Enterobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium decrease in weaning period contrary to Bacteroides group and Clostridium cluster IV. Furthermore, a clustering based on fecal bacterial groups, SCFAs and type of delivery and feeding, gender and living area suggested that the excretion of SCFAs is strongly related to the type of lactation. Conclusion: our study supports weaning period as a key step for gut microbiota transition and suggests the importance of the consumption of dietary fiber with the increase of certain bacterial groups as Clostridium cluster IV, which could be beneficial for the host. Finally, studies specially designed to analyze the production and the excretion of SCFAs in children are needed to understand how diet could influence in this process.

In the last decade, there has been an increasing demand for ready-to-eat infant meals in Spain. However, the used food composition databases do not include processed products intended for infants under 12 months of age. Thus, we aimed at the creation of a food composition table including these products. Nutritional composition data were collected from the label of 568 products including infant formula, cereal products and complementary foods (mixed puree or snacks and desserts); additionally, breast-milk (11 preterm and term samples) nutritional composition were estimated from scientific publications available to date. Information was compiled into a table available in “open access” at the website http://ucc.uniovi.es/formacioncientifica/recursosinv including information about 53 dietary components of infant formula, 28 for breast milk, 30 for cereal products and 14 for complementary foods. The infant formula¿s composition from 0 to 6 months were found similar to the values reported for mature breast milk (10–12 weeks) but different from breast milk from 1 to 4 weeks. One serving of cereals has been found to satisfy more than the 50% of the DRI for protein and carbohydrates. This information constitutes an essential step in order to understand the diet-health relationships in the early stages of life in the Spanish population., This work was financed by the EU Joint Programming Initiative—A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (Project EarlyMicroHealth), and by project AGL2017-83653R from Plan Estatal de I+D+I (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)

The nuclear-factor kappa-beta (NF-KB) is a driver of inflammation, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Early-onset CAD is defined as a coronary ischaemic episode at an age ≤55 years, and in our population was strongly associated with male sex and smoking. Our aim was to determine whether common variants in three NF-KB genes were associated with early-onset CAD. We studied 609 patients with early-onset CAD and 423 healthy controls, all male. Allele and genotype frequencies for the NFKB1 rs28362491 (-94 delATTG) and NFKBIA rs8904 were not significantly different between the two groups. For the NFKBIZ rs3217713, the deletion allele was significantly more frequent in the patients than in controls (0.27 vs. 0.22; p = 0.004). Deletion-carriers were more frequent in the patients (p 0.001), with an OR = 1.48 (95%CI = 1.15-1.90). We performed a multiple logistic regression (linear generalized model) with smoking, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and the rs3217713 deletion carriers remained significantly associated with early-onset CAD (p = 0.01). In our population, the NFKBIZ variant was an independent risk factor for developing early-onset CAD.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La miocardiopatia hipertrofica (MCH) es la enfermedad cardiaca hereditaria mas frecuente. El desafio actual radica en la clasificacion precisa de la patogenicidad de variantes asociadas a las MCH. Para la evaluacion inicial de la MCH se recomienda una ecocardiografia transtoracica (ETT). La cardiorresonancia magnetica (CRM) tambien debe considerarse. El objetivo fue revaluar la penetrancia y expresion clinica de la variante patogenica MYBPC3 p.G263*. Metodos Se estudiaron los principales genes sarcomericos, mediante next-generation sequencing, en 384 indices con MCH y una cohorte control de 450 individuos sanos. Se identificaron todos portadores de MYBPC3 p.G263* y se realizo cribado familiar. Se recogio informacion clinica de manera retrospectiva hasta 2015 y prospectiva a partir de entonces. Se realizo un esfuerzo extra para realizar CRM en todos los portadores de la variante independientemente del resultado de la ETT. Resultados Trece casos indice con MCH y ninguno de la cohorte control eran portadores de la variante MYBPC3 p.G263*, patogenica segun el American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics y la Association for Molecular Pathology. Mediante cribado familiar se identifico a un total de 39 portadores. La mayoria se diagnostico de MCH asintomatica, con inicio tardio de la enfermedad y un curso relativamente benigno, pero con potenciales complicaciones tardias. Se encontro una penetrancia cercana al 70% evaluada por la ETT y del 87% por CRM. La penetrancia era edad-dependiente, y alcanzo el 100% en mayores de 55 anos. Conclusiones MYBPC3 p.G263* comparte con la mayoria de las variantes patogenicas truncantes en este gen un inicio tardio, un curso relativamente benigno en los jovenes y una alta penetrancia. La CRM podria ser una herramienta util en la evaluacion de portadores independientemente de la ETT.

The first 1000 days of life seem to represent the temporal window of opportunity for modulating some of the risk factors associated with the later development of pathologies. Nonetheless, the dietary pattern and nutritional status of children receiving complementary feeding is still understudied. We aimed to assess the food intake in children from the LAyDI cohort (Spain) at 18 and 24 months of age and evaluate this in relation to nutrient requirements and bioactive compound consumption. This was a prospective and multicenter study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 426 children of 18 months and 336 of 24 months. The observed intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and eggs was lower than the recommendations in both periods, contrary to the consumption of meat, fish, and pulses. The consumption of energy and macronutrients was similar for all ages studied, with protein intake being slightly higher than the recommended values. Regarding micronutrients, practically the whole sample fell below the vitamin D requirements. In addition, the estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and iron, at 24 months, were below the recommended values for this population group. The mean intake of phenols was around 650 mg/day. Flavanol intake as well as both types of fiber decreased from 18 to 24 months. In conclusion, although these results have to be confirmed in other populations, it seems pertinent to propose the design of nutritional strategies aimed at increasing the intake of vitamins D and E as well as iron in Spanish children up to 2 years., This work was financed by PCIN-2015-233 (Project EarlyMicroHealth from the EU Joint Program Initiative HDHL) (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and by the University of Oviedo (Diet, Rhythms and Early Acquisition Microbiota (DREAMS) Project, REF. 2017/00001/003/005/013). María Gómez-Martín is the recipient of a predoctoral FPU contract (FPU18/03393) funded by the Spanish Ministry of 302 Science, Innovation and Universities.

Ensuring the nutritional demands of preterm (PT) infants during complementary feeding could contribute significantly to the infants’ long-term health and development. However, the dietary guidelines for complementary feeding in PT are scarce. Thus, describing dietary intake and identifying nutritional targets for these infants could be of great interest. The aim of this study is to assess the food intake and anthropometric parameters in a Mediterranean infant cohort from 6 to 24 months and to identify nutritional targets especially focused on late preterm infants. This is a longitudinal prospective study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 115 infants (20 PT (32 to 36 gestational weeks), 95 full-term (FT)) at 6, 12 and 24 months of age. Results show that the differences in the prevalence of underweight observed in PT infants vs. FT infants are maintained for up to 6 months of age but disappear at 12 and 24 months. The age of inclusion of new foods and the average intake of the main food groups was not different from that of FTs. Although protein intake at 6 months was directly correlated with weight gain and growth in FT, these associations were not observed in PT. At the nutritional level, the low intake of vitamin D in preterm infants is noteworthy. These findings may be useful when designing new intervention strategies for this population group., This work was financed by PCIN-2015-233 (Project EarlyMicroHealth from the EU Joint Program Initiative HDHL) (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and by the University of Oviedo (Diet, Rhythms and Early Acquisition Microbiota (DREAMS) Project, REF. 2017/00001/003/005/013). Silvia Arboleya is the recipient of a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ref. IJCI-2017-32156) and María Gómez-Martín is the recipient of a predoctoral FPU contract (FPU18/03393) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.

Resumen La miocardiopatia no compactada es una entidad heterogenea y compleja de la que existen todavia muchas dudas por resolver. Mientras que la American Heart Association la incluye entre las miocardiopatias de origen genetico, la Sociedad Europea de Cardiologia la considera como una miocardiopatia no clasificada. Puede presentarse tanto de forma esporadica como familiar, aislada o asociada con otras cardiopatias, afectar solo al ventriculo izquierdo o a ambos y puede, en ocasiones, aparecer como un fenotipo mixto en pacientes con otras miocardiopatias. A sus diferentes manifestaciones morfologicas se asocian tambien diferentes formas de presentacion clinica e, incluso, la no compactacion del ventriculo izquierdo puede estar desencadenada por otros procesos fisiologicos o patologicos. El objeto de esta revision es una puesta al dia de esta entidad y de sus controversias.

espanol“No hacer dano”. Este es el core de la inversion tradicional basada en valores religiosos y, es tambien el punto de partida de la Inversion Socialmente Responsable (ISR): evitar industrias en conflicto con valores morales. A raiz de desequilibrios sociales, transgresiones eticas y danos medioambientales surgidos a lo largo de la historia, la Responsabilidad Financiera ha dado lugar a este tipo de inversion como un motor de cambio en la gestion de las empresas y de la sociedad. La conciencia social y financiera a nivel mundial y las diferentes legislaciones nacionales han llevado a diversas practicas de ISR. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reconstruir, desde una perspectiva historica, el desarrollo de la ISR en Europa y en Espana y la evolucion de los Fondos ISR. English“Do no harm”. This is the core of traditional investment based on religion and, to some degree, the central concept of socially responsible investment (SRI): avoiding industries that conflict with moral values. As a result of social, ethical and environmental deficiencies arose throughout history; Financial Responsibility has led to this new type of investment as a driver of change in the management of companies and the society. Social and financial awareness worldwide and the different national legislations have led to various SRI practices. The aim of this work is building, from a historical perspective, the development of SRI in Europe and in Spain and of its main financial instrument, the Socially Responsible Investment Funds.

Coffee consumption has been related to a preventive effect against several non-transmissible pathologies. Due to the content of this beverage in phytochemicals and minerals, it has been proposed that its impact on health may partly depend on gut microbiota modulation. Our aim was to explore the interaction among gut microbiota, fecal short chain fatty acids, and health-related parameters in 147 healthy subjects classified according to coffee consumption, to deepen the association of the role of the (poly)phenol and alkaloid content of this beverage. Food daily intake was assessed by an annual food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Coffee consumption was categorized into three groups: non-coffee-consumers (0&ndash, 3 mL/day), moderate consumers (3&ndash, 45 mL/day) and high-coffee consumers (45&ndash, 500 mL/day). Some relevant groups of the gut microbiota were determined by qPCR, and concentration of fecal short chain fatty acids by gas chromatography. Serum health related biomarkers were determined by standardized methods. Interestingly, a higher level of Bacteroides&ndash, Prevotella&ndash, Porphyromonas was observed in the high consumers of coffee, who also had lower levels of lipoperoxidation. Two groups of coffee-derived (poly)phenol, methoxyphenols and alkylphenols, and caffeine, among alkaloids, were directly associated with Bacteroides group levels. Thus, regular consumption of coffee appears to be associated with changes in some intestinal microbiota groups in which dietary (poly)phenol and caffeine may play a role.

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es realizar una propuesta didactica atractiva y motivadora que favorezca la implicacion del alumnado universitario en las asignaturas vinculadas a la Historia economica. A traves de una metodologia propia de la Historia Oral se pretende establecer un vinculo entre los estudiantes, las tecnicas de investigacion historiografica y la evolucion historica de su region en materia economica y social. Los resultados de este proyecto confirman que su aplicacion hace el proceso de aprendizaje mas significativo, conecta a sus participantes con el mundo que les rodea y les ayuda a comprender como se hace y se escribe la historia. EnglishThe aim of this paper is to develop an interactive and motivating didactic proposal that encourages the involvement of universities students in subjects related to economic history. Through a methodology appropriate to oral history, the aim is to establish a link between students, historiographic research techniques and the historical evolution of their region in economic and social matters. The results of this project confirm that its application makes the learning process more meaningful, connects its participants to the world around them and helps them understand how history is made and written.

Este artículo se aproxima a la relación que Ramón J. Sender establece con el concepto de la hispanidad y el personaje de Santa Teresa de Jesús a través de su novela histórica El verbo se hizo sexo. Durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, la santa carmelita se convirtió en la alegoría de una nación que mira al siglo XVI con la intención de recuperar los valores espirituales e imperiales que en este período dominaron. Mediante la reescritura de la biografía de un personaje que el autor admira, Sender conseguirá distanciarse de la narrativa maestra totalizadora que es la hispanidad.

The colonic epithelium is exposed to a mixture of compounds through diet, among which some are procarcinogens, whereas others have a protective effect. Therefore, the net impact of these compounds on human health depends on the overall balance between all factors involved. Strong scientific evidence has demonstrated the relationship between nitrosamines (NA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the major genotoxins derived from cooking and food processing, and cancer. The mechanisms of the relationship between dietary toxic xenobiotics and cancer risk are not yet well understood, but it has been suggested that differences in dietary habits affect the colonic environment by increasing or decreasing the exposure to mutagens directly and indirectly through changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Several changes in the proportions of specific microbial groups have been proposed as risk factors for the development of neoplastic lesions and the enrichment of enterotoxigenic microbial strains in stool. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota composition and activity promoted by diet may modify the faecal genotoxicity/cytotoxicity, which can be associated with a higher or lower risk of developing cancer. Therefore, the interaction between dietary components and intestinal bacteria may be a modifiable factor for the development of colorectal cancer in humans and deserves more attention in the near future., We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Background Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a heterogeneous and still not fully understood condition, with diverse genetic aetiology and associated phenotypes ranging from aortic stenosis or regurgitation to aneurysm and dissection. Several genes have been associated with the presence of BAV, notably some members of the GATA family of transcription factors that play important roles in cardiac embryogenesis. Methods A case-control study with 122 unrelated and ethnically matched patients with bicuspid and 154 with tricuspid aortic valve was performed. All exons of GATA4, GATA5, and GATA6 genes were sequenced searching for variants. Frequencies were compared and functional effects of rare variants were analysed by informatic prediction tools. Results Four rare and potentially pathogenic variants were identified in only five sporadic cases: a missense p.Arg202Gln (rs782614097) in GATA5 and three synonymous variants, p.Cys274= (rs55980825) and p.His302= (rs201516339) in GATA4, and p.Asn458= (rs143026087) in GATA6. Minor alleles of p.His302=, p.Arg202Gln and rs3764962 are enriched in BAV patients compared to ExAC database (P = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.01 respectively). In addition, a common polymorphism in GATA5 (p.Asp203=, rs41305803) is associated with BAV showing a protective effect in carriers of the minor allele (OR [95%CI] = 0.45[0.25-0.81]; P = 0.004). Conclusion This study associates additional genetic variants in GATA4 and GATA5 with BAV, supporting the implication of these genes in the development of this valvulopathy. The discovery of all the genetic factors involved will contribute to a better understanding of the process and, therefore, to detect a genetic predisposition and even to the identification of therapeutic targets.

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous and complex entity concerning which there are still many doubts to be resolved. While the American Heart Association includes it among genetic cardiomyopathies, the European Society of Cardiology treats it as an unclassified cardiomyopathy. It may present in a sporadic or familial form, isolated or associated with other heart diseases, affecting only the left ventricle or both and can sometimes appear as a mixed phenotype in patients with other cardiomyopathies. Different forms of clinical presentation are also associated with its different morphological manifestations, and even non-compaction of the left ventricle may be triggered by other physiological or pathological processes. The purpose of this review is an update of this entity and its controversies.

Introduction and objectives Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease. The current challenge relies on the accurate classification of the pathogenicity of the variants. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is recommended at initial evaluation and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging should also be considered. We aimed to reappraise the penetrance and clinical expression of the MYBPC3 p.G263* variant. Methods Three hundred and eighty-four HCM probands and a control cohort of 450 individuals were studied for the main sarcomere genes by next-generation sequencing. All MYBPC3 p.G263* carriers were identified and family screening was performed. Clinical information was recorded retrospectively before 2015 and prospectively thereafter. Extra effort was invested in performing CMR in all carriers, despite TTE results. Results Thirteen HCM probands and none of the controls were carriers of the MYBPC3 p.G263* pathogenic variant (according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology). A total of 39 carriers were identified with family screening. Most patients with HCM were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis and showed late-onset disease. Despite having a relatively benign course in the young, late HCM-related complications could occur. Penetrance was around 70% when evaluated by TTE and was 87.2% with TTE plus CMR. Penetrance was age-dependent, reaching 100% in carriers older than 55 years. Conclusions MYBPC3 p.G263* shares with most truncating pathogenic variants in this gene a late onset, relatively benign clinical course in the young, and high penetrance. Cardiac magnetic resonance could be a useful tool to evaluate carriers despite TTE results.

To establish the etiology of heart failure in patients with congenital heart disease can be challenging. Multiple concomitant anomalies that can be missed after an initial diagnosis could be seen in these patients. In patients with congenital heart disease, a more accurate evaluation of cardiac morphology and left ventricular systolic function could be evaluated by recent non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques. We present a rare case where multimodal cardiac imaging was useful to establish the final diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction associated with Ebstein's anomaly.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) or bicuspid aortopathy is the most common congenital heart disease. It can be clinically silent and it is often identified as an incidental finding in otherwise healthy, asymptomatic patients. However, it can be dysfunctioning at birth, even requiring neonatal intervention, or, in time, lead to aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, and endocarditis, and also be associated with aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. Given its prevalence and significant complications, it is estimated that BAV is responsible for more deaths and morbidity than the combined effects of all the other congenital heart defects. Pathology of BAV is still not well known and many questions are unresolved. In this manuscript we review some aspects on bicuspid aortopathy, a heterogeneous and frequent disease in which like some authors have previously described, complex gene environment are present. Further investigations and, what is more, multidisciplinary teams are needed to improve our knowledge on this really fascinating disease.

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son reconocidos factores de riesgo de mortalidad en la población general. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la distribución fenotípica del índice de masa corporal (IMC), e identificar la prevalencia de desnutrición y los factores clínico-nutricionales relacionados con el IMC en ancianos autónomos institucionalizados.Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 104 adultos mayores institucionalizados (73% mujeres, edad media 86,4 [±6,2] años, tiempo de institucionalización 25,7 [±21,7] meses). Valoración nutricional mediante Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), parámetros antropométricos y analíticos. Análisis de composición corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA101; RJL-System). La muestra se clasificó según el IMC en terciles (Tn): T1=

Adsorption mechanism of diclofenac and isoproturon onto activated carbon has been proposed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption capacity and optimum adsorption isotherms were predicted by nonlinear regression method. Different kinetic equations, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion model and Bangham kinetic model, were applied to study the adsorption kinetics of emerging contaminants on activated carbon in two aqueous matrices.

Heart failure secondary to iron overload is the main cause of death in patients with beta-thalassemia major. Combination therapy with deferoxamine and deferiprone has been shown to be more effective than either drug used alone in patients with beta-thalassemia major and symptomatic cardiomyopathy. Although monitoring the response to chelation therapy is usually carried out by indirect measurement of the serum ferritin level or by direct determination of tissue iron content in biopsy specimens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems to be useful for noninvasive qualitative and quantitative assessment of iron deposition. We present a case in which the efficacy of double chelation therapy in a patient with beta-thalassemia major and heart failure was demonstrated by MRI.