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1. Network analysis of additional clinical features of (Internet) gaming disorder

Author

Marcel Martončik, Matúš Adamkovič, and Ivan Ropovik

Subjects
diagnostic, functional impairment, gaming disorder, network analysis, network approach, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Objectives There are dozens of screening instruments purporting to measure the (Internet) gaming disorder (IGD/GD). The two prominent diagnostic manuals, DSM‐5 and ICD‐11, list several additional diagnostic or clinical features and problems (e.g., neglect of sleep, neglect of daily duties, health deterioration) that should co‐occur or be caused by the IGD/GD. It remains unclear how specific IGD/GD operationalizations (different screening scales) are related to these functional impairments. Methods To explore this, data on six measures of IGD/GD (IGDS9‐SF, GDSS, GDT, GAMES test, two self‐assessments) and 18 additional diagnostic features were collected from a sample of 1009 players who play digital games at least 13 h per week. A network approach was utilized to determine which operationalization is most strongly associated with functional impairment. Results In most of the networks, IGD/GD consistently emerged as the most central node. Conclusion The similar centrality of IGD/GD, irrespective of its definition (DSM‐5 or ICD‐11) or operationalization, provides support for the valid comparison or synthesis of results from studies that used instruments coming from both DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 ontologies, but only if the goal is to evaluate IGD/GD relationships to other phenomena, not the relationships between the symptoms themselves.

Published
2024
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2. The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

Author

Erin M. Buchanan, Savannah C. Lewis, Bastien Paris, Patrick S. Forscher, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Julie E. Beshears, Shira Meir Drexler, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Peter R Mallik, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Jeremy K. Miller, Hans IJzerman, Hannah Moshontz, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Jordan W. Suchow, Christopher R. Chartier, Nicholas A. Coles, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Anna Louise Todsen, Carmel A. Levitan, Flávio Azevedo, Nicole Legate, Blake Heller, Alexander J. Rothman, Charles A. Dorison, Brian P. Gill, Ke Wang, Vaughan W. Rees, Nancy Gibbs, Amit Goldenberg, Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen, James J. Gross, Gwenaêl Kaminski, Claudia C. von Bastian, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Soufian Azouaghe, Alexandre Bran, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Anabela Caetano Santos, Niv Reggev, Janis H. Zickfeld, Handan Akkas, Myrto Pantazi, Ivan Ropovik, Max Korbmacher, Patrícia Arriaga, Biljana Gjoneska, Lara Warmelink, Sara G. Alves, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Stefan Stieger, Vidar Schei, Paul H. P. Hanel, Barnabas Szaszi, Maksim Fedotov, Jan Antfolk, Gabriela-Mariana Marcu, Jana Schrötter, Jonas R. Kunst, Sandra J. Geiger, Adeyemi Adetula, Halil Emre Kocalar, Julita Kielińska, Pavol Kačmár, Ahmed Bokkour, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Ikhlas Djamai, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Bamikole Emmanuel AGESIN, Teodor Jernsäther, Anum Urooj, Nikolay R. Rachev, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Murathan Kurfalı, Ilse L. Pit, Ranran Li, Sami Çoksan, Dmitrii Dubrov, Tamar Elise Paltrow, Gabriel Baník, Tatiana Korobova, Anna Studzinska, Xiaoming Jiang, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Jáchym Vintr, Faith Chiu, Lada Kaliska, Jana B. Berkessel, Murat Tümer, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Hu Chuan-Peng, Kevin Vezirian, Anna Dalla Rosa, Olga Bialobrzeska, Martin R. Vasilev, Julia Beitner, Ondřej Kácha, Barbara Žuro, Minja Westerlund, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Andrej Findor, Dajana Krupić, Marta Kowal, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Razieh Pourafshari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Ekaterina Baklanova, Anna Szala, Ilya Zakharov, Marek A. Vranka, Keiko Ihaya, Caterina Grano, Nicola Cellini, Michał Białek, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Ilker Dalgar, Arca Adıgüzel, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Angelos P. Kassianos, Raquel Oliveira, Martin Čadek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Therese E. Sverdrup, Balazs Aczel, Danilo Zambrano, Afroja Ahmed, Christian K. Tamnes, Yuki Yamada, Leonhard Volz, Naoyuki Sunami, Lilian Suter, Luc Vieira, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Julia Arhondis Kamburidis, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Tara Bulut Allred, Krystian Barzykowski, Benedict G Antazo, Andras N. Zsido, Dušana Dušan Šakan, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Lina Pernilla Ahlgren, Matej Hruška, Diego Vega, Efisio Manunta, Aviv Mokady, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Marcel Martončik, Nicolas Say, Katarzyna Filip, Roosevelt Vilar, Karolina Staniaszek, Milica Vdovic, Matus Adamkovic, Niklas Johannes, Nandor Hajdu, Noga Cohen, Clara Overkott, Dino Krupić, Barbora Hubena, Gustav Nilsonne, Giovanna Mioni, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Tatsunori Ishii, Zhang Chen, Elizaveta Kushnir, Cemre Karaarslan, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Ahmed Khaoudi, Małgorzata Kossowska, Jozef Bavolar, Karlijn Hoyer, Marta Roczniewska, Alper Karababa, Maja Becker, Renan P. Monteiro, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Irem Metin-Orta, Sylwia Adamus, Luca Kozma, Gabriela Czarnek, Artur Domurat, Eva Štrukelj, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Michal Parzuchowski, Sébastien Massoni, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Ekaterina Pronizius, Fany Muchembled, Kevin van Schie, Aslı Saçaklı, Evgeniya Hristova, Anna O. Kuzminska, Abdelilah Charyate, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Reza Afhami, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Erica D. Musser, Miroslav Sirota, Robert M. Ross, Siu Kit Yeung, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Francesco Foroni, Inês A. T. Almeida, Dmitry Grigoryev, David M. G. Lewis, Dawn L. Holford, Steve M. J. Janssen, Srinivasan Tatachari, Carlota Batres, Jonas K. Olofsson, Shimrit Daches, Anabel Belaus, Gerit Pfuhl, Nadia Sarai Corral-Frias, Daniela Sousa, Jan Philipp Röer, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Hendrik Godbersen, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Natalia Van Doren, Dongning Ren, Tripat Gill, Martin Voracek, Lisa M. DeBruine, Michele Anne, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Thomas Ostermann, Kelly Wolfe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Carsten Bundt, Claus Lamm, Robert J Calin-Jageman, William E. Davis, Maria Karekla, Saša Zorjan, Lisa M. Jaremka, Jim Uttley, Monika Hricova, Monica A Koehn, Natalia Kiselnikova, Hui Bai, Anthony J. Krafnick, Busra Bahar Balci, Tonia Ballantyne, Samuel Lins, Zahir Vally, Celia Esteban-Serna, Kathleen Schmidt, Paulo Manuel L. Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Przemysław Marcin Zdybek, David Moreau, W. Matthew Collins, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Iris Vilares, Ulrich S. Tran, Jordane Boudesseul, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, Jennifer T Perillo, Ana Ferreira, Erin C. Westgate, Christopher L. Aberson, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Bastian Jaeger, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jaime R. Silva, Daniel Shafik Storage, Allison P Janak, William Jiménez-Leal, Jose A. Soto, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Randy McCarthy, Alexa M Tullett, Martha Frias-Armenta, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Andree Hartanto, Paul A. G. Forbes, Megan L. Willis, María del Carmen Tejada R, Adriana Julieth Olaya Torres, Ian D Stephen, David C. Vaidis, Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez, Karen Yu, Clare A. M. Sutherland, Mathi Manavalan, Behzad Behzadnia, Jan Urban, Ernest Baskin, Joseph P. McFall, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Cynthia H. Y. Fu, Rima-Maria Rahal, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Thomas J. Hostler, Heather Barry Kappes, Piotr Sorokowski, Meetu Khosla, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Luis Eudave, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Elkin O. Luis, Rafał Muda, Elena Agadullina, Rodrigo A. Cárcamo, Crystal Reeck, Gulnaz Anjum, Mónica Camila Toro Venegas, Michal Misiak, Richard M. Ryan, Nora L. Nock, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Michael C. Mensink, Gilad Feldman, Aaron L. Wichman, Weilun Chou, Ignazio Ziano, Martin Seehuus, William J. Chopik, Franki Y. H. Kung, Joelle Carpentier, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Hongfei Du, Qinyu Xiao, Tiago J. S. Lima, Chris Noone, Sandersan Onie, Frederick Verbruggen, Theda Radtke, and Maximilian A. Primbs

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Personality and Behavioral Change, CTCAE • Emotion • Message Framing • Self-Determination Technology Type(s) Survey • Experiment Design Type Factor Type(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Loss-Gain Framing • Cognitive Reappraisal • Self-Determination Messaging Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo Sample Characteristic - Environment Daily Life Sample Characteristic - Location North America • South America • Africa • Australia • Europe • United Kingdom • Asia

Published
2023
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3. Hate speech operationalization: a preliminary examination of hate speech indicators and their structure

Author

Jana Papcunová, Marcel Martončik, Denisa Fedáková, Michal Kentoš, Miroslava Bozogáňová, Ivan Srba, Robert Moro, Matúš Pikuliak, Marián Šimko, and Matúš Adamkovič

Subjects
Hate speech, Hate speech indicators, Hate speech structure, Migrants, Comments, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Abstract Hate speech should be tackled and prosecuted based on how it is operationalized. However, the existing theoretical definitions of hate speech are not sufficiently fleshed out or easily operable. To overcome this inadequacy, and with the help of interdisciplinary experts, we propose an empirical definition of hate speech by providing a list of 10 hate speech indicators and the rationale behind them (the indicators refer to specific, observable, and measurable characteristics that offer a practical definition of hate speech). A preliminary exploratory examination of the structure of hate speech, with the focus on comments related to migrants (one of the most reported grounds of hate speech), revealed that two indicators in particular, denial of human rights and promoting violent behavior, occupy a central role in the network of indicators. Furthermore, we discuss the practical implications of the proposed hate speech indicators—especially (semi-)automatic detection using the latest natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) methods. Having a set of quantifiable indicators could benefit researchers, human right activists, educators, analysts, and regulators by providing them with a pragmatic approach to hate speech assessment and detection.

Published
2021
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4. The Effect of the Economic Situation on Time and Risk Preferences: Does Financial Literacy Matter?

Author

Matúš Adamkovič, Ivan Ropovik, and Marcel Martončik

Subjects
economic situation, poverty, time-discounting, risk preference, financial literacy, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Economic situation is considered to have an effect on economic decision-making, with poor people having more myopic preferences. However, this relationship might not be that straightforward as economic decision-making should also be determined by financial literacy. A pre-registered cross-validation procedure was used to test a structural model outlining the causal mechanism of the relationships between poverty, its perception, financial literacy, and time-discounting and risk preferences in tasks with hypothetical rewards. Even after respecifying the model, mostly weak or inconclusive relationships were observed. These results replicated fairly well when a sensitivity analysis was run on data from a similar study which used also monetary rewards. While the observed effects were found to be bigger, they were still rather weak. The study discusses time and risk preferences as being stable traits, which might be less dependent on the long-term economic situation, its perception, and financial literacy than would be expected.

Published
2022
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5. Simulation of vocational activities: experimental evidence of (no) changes in vocational interests

Author

Marcel Martončik, Jaroslava Babjáková, Lena Čupková, Natália Köverová, and Monika Kačmárová

Subjects
Vocational interests, Career exploration, Intervention, Development of interests, Exploratory behavior, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract

Abstract Many school-age pupils are undecided about their future vocation. This often stems from a lack of occupational information or lack of vocationally related experience. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate an intervention focused on the possibility of changing vocational interests through the simulation of vocational activities. The sample consisted of 250 pupils who were finishing primary school. The intervention was constructed for practical and artistic interests and consisted of workbooks that aim to simulate these vocational activities. MANCOVA showed no effect in the change of vocational interests among the pupils. An alternative idea of intervention in the form of virtual reality simulations is also presented.

Published
2020
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6. Contextual factors predicting compliance behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning analysis on survey data from 16 countries.

Author

Nandor Hajdu, Kathleen Schmidt, Gergely Acs, Jan P Röer, Alberto Mirisola, Isabella Giammusso, Patrícia Arriaga, Rafael Ribeiro, Dmitrii Dubrov, Dmitry Grigoryev, Nwadiogo C Arinze, Martin Voracek, Stefan Stieger, Matus Adamkovic, Mahmoud Elsherif, Bettina M J Kern, Krystian Barzykowski, Ewa Ilczuk, Marcel Martončik, Ivan Ropovik, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Gabriel Baník, José Luis Ulloa, Balazs Aczel, and Barnabas Szaszi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Voluntary isolation is one of the most effective methods for individuals to help prevent the transmission of diseases such as COVID-19. Understanding why people leave their homes when advised not to do so and identifying what contextual factors predict this non-compliant behavior is essential for policymakers and public health officials. To provide insight on these factors, we collected data from 42,169 individuals across 16 countries. Participants responded to items inquiring about their socio-cultural environment, such as the adherence of fellow citizens, as well as their mental states, such as their level of loneliness and boredom. We trained random forest models to predict whether someone had left their home during a one week period during which they were asked to voluntarily isolate themselves. The analyses indicated that overall, an increase in the feeling of being caged leads to an increased probability of leaving home. In addition, an increased feeling of responsibility and an increased fear of getting infected decreased the probability of leaving home. The models predicted compliance behavior with between 54% and 91% accuracy within each country's sample. In addition, we modeled factors leading to risky behavior in the pandemic context. We observed an increased probability of visiting risky places as both the anticipated number of people and the importance of the activity increased. Conversely, the probability of visiting risky places increased as the perceived putative effectiveness of social distancing decreased. The variance explained in our models predicting risk ranged from < .01 to .54 by country. Together, our findings can inform behavioral interventions to increase adherence to lockdown recommendations in pandemic conditions.

Published
2022
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7. A Review of Consequences of Poverty on Economic Decision-Making: A Hypothesized Model of a Cognitive Mechanism

Author

Matúš Adamkovič and Marcel Martončik

Subjects
poverty, scarcity, poverty trap, cognitive load, executive functions, economic decision-making, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

This review focuses on the issue of poverty affecting economic decision-making. By critically evaluating existing studies, the authors propose a structural model detailing the cognitive mechanism involved in how poverty negatively impacts economic decision-making, and explores evidence supporting the basis for the formation of this model. The suggested mechanism consists of a relationship between poverty and four other factors: (1) cognitive load (e.g., experiencing negative affect and stress); (2) executive functions (e.g., attention, working memory, and self-control); (3) intuition/deliberation in decision-making; and (4) economic decision-making (e.g., time-discounting and risk preference), with a final addition of financial literacy as a covariate. This paper focuses on shortfalls in published research, and delves further into the proposed model.

Published
2017
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8. PSACR: The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 Rapid-response Dataset

Author

Erin Michelle Buchanan, Savannah C Lewis, Bastien Paris, Patrick S. Forscher, Jeffrey Michael Pavlacic, Julie Beshears, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Peter Robert Mallik, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Jeremy K. Miller, Hans IJzerman, Jennifer L Beaudry, Jordan W Suchow, Christopher R. Chartier, Anna Louise Todsen, Carmel Levitan, Flavio Azevedo, Nicole Legate, Ke Wang, Gwenael Kaminski, Claudia Christina von Bastian, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Soufian Azouaghe, Alexandre Bran, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Anabela Caetano Santos, Niv Reggev, Janis Zickfeld, Handan Akkas, Myrto Pantazi, Ivan Ropovik, Max Korbmacher, Patricia Arriaga, Biljana Gjoneska, Lara Warmelink, Sara Gouveia Alves, Gabriel Lins Holanda Coelho, Stefan Stieger, Vidar Schei, Paul H. P. Hanel, Barnabas Szaszi, Maksim Fedotov, Jan Antfolk, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Jana Schrötter, Jonas R. Kunst, Sandra Jeanette Geiger, Adeyemi Adetula, Halil Emre Kocalar, Julita Kielińska, Pavol Kačmár, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Teodor Jernsäther, Anum Urooj, Nikolay R. Rachev, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Murathan Kurfalı, Ilse L. Pit, Ranran Li, Sami Çoksan, Dmitrii Dubrov, Tamar Paltrow, Gabriel Baník, Tatiana Korobova, Anna Studzinska, Xiaoming Jiang, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R. ARUTA, Jáchym Vintr, Faith Chiu, Lada Kaliska, Jana Berkessel, Murat Tümer, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Hu Chuan-Peng, Kevin Vezirian, Anna Dalla Rosa, Nicholas Alvaro Coles, Blake Heller, Alexander Rothman, Vaughan W. Rees, Nancy Gibbs, Amit Goldenberg, James Gross, Olga Bialobrzeska, Martin R. Vasilev, Julia Beitner, Ondřej Kácha, Barbara Zuro, Minja Westerlund, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Andrej Findor, Dajana Krupić, Marta Kowal, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Razieh Pourafshari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Ekaterina Baklanova, Anna Szala, Marek Albert Vranka, Keiko Ihaya, Caterina Grano, Nicola Cellini, Michal Bialek, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Ilker Dalgar, Arca Adıgüzel, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Princess Lovella Gonzales Maturan, Angelos Kassianos, Raquel Alves Oliveira, Martin Čadek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Therese E Sverdrup, Balazs Aczel, Danilo Zambrano, Christian K. Tamnes, Yuki Yamada, Leonhard Volz, Naoyuki Sunami, Lilian Suter, Luc Vieira, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Julia Kamburidis, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Tara Bulut Allred, Krystian Barzykowski, Benedict Guzman Antazo, Dušana Šakan, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Lina Ahlgren, Matej Hruška, Efisio Manunta, Aviv Mokady, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Marcel Martončik, Nicolas Say, Roosevelt Vilar, Karolina Staniaszek, Milica Vdovic, Matus Adamkovic, Niklas Johannes, Nandor Hajdu, Noga Cohen, Clara S. R. Overkott, Dino Krupić, Barbora Hubená, Gustav Nilsonne, Giovanna Mioni, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Tatsunori Ishii, Zhang Chen, Elizaveta Kushnir, CEMRE KARAARSLAN, Rafael Ramos Ribeiro, Małgorzata Kossowska, Jozef Bavolar, Karlijn Hoyer, Marta Roczniewska, Alper KARABABA, Maja Becker, Renan P. Monteiro, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Irem Metin-Orta, Luca Kozma, Gabriela Czarnek, Artur Domurat, Eva Štrukelj, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Sébastien Massoni, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Ekaterina Pronizius, Fany Muchembled, Asli Sacakli, Evgeniya Hristova, Anna O. Kuzminska, Abdelilah CHARYATE, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Reza Afhami, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Erica D. Musser, Miroslav Sirota, Robert M Ross, Siu Kit Yeung, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Francesco Foroni, Inês A. T. Almeida, Dmitry Grigoryev, David M. G. Lewis, Dawn Liu Holford, Steve M. J. Janssen, Srinivasan Tatachari, Carlota Batres, Jonas Olofsson, Shimrit Daches, Anabel Belaus, Gerit Pfuhl, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Daniela Sousa, Jan Philipp Röer, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Hendrik Godbersen, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Natalia Van Doren, Dongning Ren, Martin Voracek, Lisa Marie DeBruine, Michele Anne, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexios Arvanitis, Thomas Ostermann, Kelly Wolfe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Claus Lamm, Robert Calin-Jageman, William E. Davis, Maria Karekla, Saša Zorjan, Lisa M Jaremka, Jim Uttley, Monika Hricova, Monica A Koehn, Hui Bai, Anthony James Krafnick, Busra Bahar Balci, Tonia Ballantyne, Samuel Lins, Zahir Vally, Celia Esteban Serna, Kathleen Schmidt, Paulo Manuel Labalan Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Przemysław Zdybek, David Moreau, W. Matthew Collins, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Iris Vilares, Ulrich S. Tran, Jordane Boudesseul, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Barnaby Dixson, Jennifer Torkildson Perillo, Ana Ferreira, Erin Corwin Westgate, Chris Aberson, Azuka Ikechukwu ARINZE, Bastian Jaeger, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jaime Silva Rojas, Daniel Storage, Allison Janak, Jose Angel Soto, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Randy J. McCarthy, Alexa Mary Tullett, Martha Frias-Armenta, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Andree Hartanto, Paul Forbes, Megan Willis, Adriana Olaya Torres, ANABEL DE LA ROSA GOMEZ, Clare Sutherland, Mathi Manavalan, Jan Urban, Ernest Baskin, Joseph Patrick McFall, Chisom Ogbonnaya, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Rima-Maria Rahal, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Tom Hostler, Heather Barry Kappes, Piotr Sorokowski, Meetu Khosla, Johannes K Vilsmeier, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Rafał Muda, Elena Agadullina, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Crystal Reeck, Gulnaz Anjum, Mónica Toro, Michał Misiak, Richard M. Ryan, Nora L. Nock, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Michael Craig Mensink, Gilad Feldman, Aaron Lee Wichman, Ignazio Ziano, Martin Seehuus, William J. Chopik, Franki Y. H. Kung, Joelle Carpentier, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Hongfei Du, Qinyu Xiao, Tiago J. S. Lima, Chris Noone, Sandersan Onie, Frederick Verbruggen, Theda Radtke, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Ahmed Khaoudi, Ahmed Bokkour, Ikhlas Djamai, Ian David Stephen, Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen, Brian P. Gill, Hannah Moshontz, Charles Dorison, Karen Yu, Diego Vega, Natalya Kiselnikova, Michal Parzuchowski, Sylwia Adamus, Ilya Zakharov, Luis Eudave, Afroja Ahmed, Kevin van Schie, Wlliam Alexander Jimenez Leal, MohammadHasan Sharifian, David C. Vaidis, Katarzyna Filip, Carsten Bundt, Behzad Behzadnia, Tripat Gill, Weilun Chou, Maria del Carmen, and Maximilian Primbs

Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.

Published
2023

10. Measuring Internet Gaming Disorder and Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Content Validity Analysis of Validated Scales

Author

Veli-Matti Karhulahti, Marcel Martončik, and Matus Adamkovic

Subjects
Clinical Psychology, Health problems, business.industry, Applied psychology, Content validity, The Internet, business, Psychology, Applied Psychology
Abstract

Numerous instruments have been developed to measure gaming-related health problems based on “internet gaming disorder” (IGD) in the third section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) and “gaming disorder” (GD) in the International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.). However, the criteria in the manuals tend to be operationalized in numerous diverse ways, which can make screening outcomes incomparable. A content validity analysis is needed to reassess the relationships between the diagnostic criteria and the items that operationalize them. The IGD and GD criteria were divided into sematic components. A qualitative content validity analysis was carried out for all items employed by the 17 instruments that claim to measure either construct by their criteria in English. In all but one instrument, the operationalizations did not include all criterion components. There were two main reasons found for this: the components had simply been left out or had been alternatively modified into other components. Criteria that were vaguely described in the manuals were sources of lower content validity items. The study implies that many of the problems in IGD and GD measurement derive from criteria operationalization and original manual descriptions. The conclusion provides practical recommendations that researchers can apply to improve the content validity of their measurement.

Published
2021

11. Risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder: A meta-analysis of pre-COVID studies

Author

Ivan Ropovik, Marcel Martončik, Peter Babinčák, Gabriel Baník, Lenka Vargová, and Matúš Adamkovič

Subjects
gaming addiction, Internet, pelaaminen, protective factor, videopelit, internet gaming disorder, Medicine (miscellaneous), riskitekijät, nettiriippuvuus, ongelmapelaaminen, Toxicology, video game, gaming disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, risk factor, riippuvuus
Abstract

This large-scale meta-analysis aimed to provide the most comprehensive synthesis to date of the available evidence from the pre-COVID period on risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder (as defined in the DSM-5 or ICD-11) across all studied populations. The risk/protective factors included demographic characteristics, psychological, psychopathological, social, and gaming-related factors. In total, we have included 1586 effects from 253 different studies, summarizing data from 210557 participants. Apart from estimating these predictive associations and relevant moderating effects, we implemented state-of-the-art adjustments for publication bias, psychometric artifacts, and other forms of bias arising from the publication process. Additionally, we carried out an in-depth assessment of the quality of underlying evidence by examining indications of selective reporting, statistical inconsistencies, the typical power of utilized study designs to detect theoretically relevant effects, and performed various sensitivity analyses. The available evidence suggests the existence of numerous moderately strong and highly heterogeneous risk factors (e.g., male gender, depression, impulsivity, anxiety, stress, gaming time, escape motivation, or excessive use of social networks) but only a few empirically robust protective factors (self-esteem, intelligence, life satisfaction, and education; all having markedly smaller effect sizes). We discuss the theoretical implications of our results for prominent theoretical models of gaming disorder and for the existing and future prevention strategies. The impact of various examined biasing factors on the available evidence seemed to be modest, yet we identified shortcomings in the measurement and reporting practices. peerReviewed

Published
2022

12. Perception of hate speech by the public and experts: Insights into predictors of perceived hate speech toward migrants

Author

Jana Papcunová, Marcel Martončik, Denisa Fedáková, Michal Kentoš, and Matus Adamkovic

Abstract

Online hate speech is a matter of concern for social media platforms, regulators, researchers, and the public. Despite its widespread prevalence and contentious nature, little research has been done on the perception of hate speech and its psychosocial predictors. To address this gap, we conducted a study on the perception of hate speech towards migrants in online comments, analyzing the differences between a public group (NPublic = 649) and an expert group (NExperts = 27), and exploring the correlation between the proposed hate speech indicators and perceived hate speech in both groups. Additionally, we explored various predictors of hate speech perception, including demographic and psychological variables such as human values, prejudice, aggression, impulsiveness, social media behavior, attitudes toward migrants and migration, and trust in institutions. Our results show that the public and experts have differing sensitivities towards hate speech, with the expert group perceiving comments as more hateful and emotionally harmful compared to the general population, who tend to agree more with anti-migrant hateful comments. The proposed hate speech indicators, and especially their total score, have a strong correlation with both groups' perceptions of hate speech. Psychological predictors, such as the human values of universalism, tradition, security, and subjective social distance, were significant predictors of online hate speech sensitivity. Our findings emphasize the need for public and scholarly discussions, more robust educational policies, and intervention programs with specific measures to counter hate speech online.

Published
2022

13. Network Structures of Internet Gaming Disorder and Gaming Disorder: Symptom Operationalization Causes Variation

Author

Matus Adamkovic, Marcel Martončik, Veli-Matti Karhulahti, and Ivan Ropovik

Abstract

Background: From 2022, the ICD-11 includes the first mental disorder based on digital technology, “gaming disorder”, which was previously suggested as a condition for further study in the DSM-5 (2013). In this cross-sectional study, we provide the first large-scale network analysis of various symptom structures for these constructs to understand the complex interconnections between their proposed symptoms. Methods: Culturally diverse samples of 2,846 digital game players (M = 25.3 years) and 746 esports players (M = 23.5 years) were recruited. A network approach was applied to explore a multiverse of gaming disorder symptom structures, effects of item operationalization, and possible external moderators. Gaming disorder was measured using the IGDS9-SF, GDT and several items borrowed from C-IGDS, PIE-9, and C-VAT 2.0 scales.Results: Two symptoms (loss of control and continued use despite problems) present in both, the DSM-5 and ICD-11, were systematically central to most of the analyzed networks. Alternative operationalizations of single items systematically caused significant network differences. Networks were invariant across groups of play style, age, gender, gaming time, and most of the psychosocial characteristics.Discussion: Our results caution practitioners and researchers when studying and interpreting gaming disorder symptoms. The data indicate that even minor operational changes in symptoms can lead to significant network-level changes, thus highlighting the need for careful wording.

Published
2022

14. Risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder: A meta-analysis

Author

Ivan Ropovik, Marcel Martončik, Peter Babincak, Gabriel Baník, Lenka Vargová, and Matus Adamkovic

Abstract

Background: This large-scale meta-analysis aimed to provide the most comprehensive synthesis to date of the available evidence on risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder (as defined in the DSM-5 or ICD-11) across all studied populations.Methods: The risk/protective factors included demographic characteristics, psychological, psychopathological, social, and gaming-related factors. In total, we have included 1578 effects from 250 different studies, summarizing data from 206690 participants. Apart from estimating these predictive associations and relevant moderating effects, we implemented state-of-the-art adjustments for publication bias, psychometric artifacts, and other forms of bias arising from the publication process. Additionally, we carried out an in-depth assessment of the quality of underlying evidence by examining indications of selective reporting, statistical inconsistencies, the typical power of utilized study designs to detect theoretically relevant effects, and performed various sensitivity analyses.Results: The available evidence suggests the existence of numerous moderately strong and highly heterogeneous risk factors but only a few empirically robust protective factors (all having markedly smaller effect sizes).Conclusions: We discuss the theoretical implications of our results for prominent theoretical models of gaming disorder and for the existing and future prevention strategies. The impact of various examined biasing factors on the available evidence seemed to be modest, yet we identified shortcomings in the measurement and reporting practices.Registration number: Preregistered at PROSPERO under ID:CRD42020187776.

Published
2022

15. Ontological diversity in gaming disorder measurement: a nationally representative registered report

Author

Veli-Matti Karhulahti, Jukka Vahlo, Marcel Martončik, Matti Munukka, Raine Koskimaa, and Mikaela von Bonsdorff

Subjects
pelihimo, pelaaminen, seulontatutkimus, sairastavuus, technology use, riippuvuus, mielenterveyshäiriöt, prevalence, Medicine (miscellaneous), Behavioral addiction, ongelmapelaaminen
Abstract

Gaming-related health problems have been researched since the 1980s with numerous different ontologies as reference systems, from self-assessed ‘game addiction’ to ‘pathological gambling’ (in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM]-IV), ‘internet gaming disorder’ (in the third section of the DSM-5) and most recently ‘gaming disorder’ (in the International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-11). Our goal was to investigate how screening instruments that derive from different ontologies differ in identifying associated problem groups. By using four central screening instruments, each representing a different ontological basis, we hypothesized differences and similarities in prevalence, overlap, and health. A nationally representative (N = 8217) sample of Finnish participants was collected. The screening instruments produced significantly different prevalence rates (from 0.4% to 6.9%) and the binomial probabilities of group overlap ranged from poor (0.419) to good (0.919). Expectedly, the problem groups had lower mental health than the general population, yet exploratory analyses implied equivalent or significantly higher physical health. We also found strong exploratory evidence for mischievous responding to complicate the measurement of gaming problems. Considering that several major differences were confirmed between the four gaming problem constructs, we recommend researchers to clearly define their construct of interest, i.e. whether they are studying the ICD-11 based official mental disorder, the DSM-5 proposed ‘internet gaming disorder’, or other gaming problems—especially in future meta-analyses.

Published
2022
Full Text
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16. Validity of Holland’s theory in adolescence: evidence from a Slovak sample

Author

Monika Kačmárová, Eva Hruščová, Marcel Martončik, Michaela Kravcová, and Ivana Magáčová Žilková

Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts, 05 social sciences, Sample (statistics), language.human_language, Holland Codes, Education, Developmental psychology, 050106 general psychology & cognitive sciences, 0502 economics and business, language, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Slovak, Multidimensional scaling, Psychology, 050203 business & management
Abstract

The underlying calculus assumption of Holland’s theory was tested in two samples of primary school students (N1 = 400 and N2 = 250) with an average age of 13.86 and 14.14 years, respectively. Both exploratory and confirmatory multidimensional scaling and Hubert and Arabie’s randomization test of hypothesized order relations were calculated. The circular spatial arrangement of RIASEC types was not confirmed in either of the two samples. The study discusses possible causes of the inappropriateness of using Holland’s model in an adolescent sample.

Published
2019

17. Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Ke Wang, Amit Goldenberg, Charles A. Dorison, Jeremy K. Miller, Andero Uusberg, Jennifer S. Lerner, James J. Gross, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, Luis Eudave, Karolina Grzech, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Emily A. Jackson, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Shira Meir Drexler, Anita Penić Jurković, Kafeel Rana, John Paul Wilson, Maria Antoniadi, Kermeka Desai, Zoi Gialitaki, Elizaveta Kushnir, Khaoula Nadif, Olalla Niño Bravo, Rafia Nauman, Marlies Oosterlinck, Myrto Pantazi, Natalia Pilecka, Anna Szabelska, I. M. M. van Steenkiste, Katarzyna Filip, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Elena Agadullina, Matúš Adamkovič, Marta Roczniewska, Cecilia Reyna, Angelos P. Kassianos, Minja Westerlund, Lina Ahlgren, Sara Pöntinen, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Pinar Dursun, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Ilker Dalgar, Handan Akkas, Paulo Manuel Macapagal, Savannah Lewis, Irem Metin-Orta, Francesco Foroni, Megan Willis, Anabela Caetano Santos, Aviv Mokady, Niv Reggev, Merve A. Kurfali, Martin R. Vasilev, Nora L. Nock, Michal Parzuchowski, Mauricio F. Espinoza Barría, Marek Vranka, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Ivan Ropovik, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Chunhui Wang, Elvin Yao, Maja Becker, Efisio Manunta, Gwenael Kaminski, Jordane Boudesseul, Dafne Marko, Kortnee Evans, David M. G. Lewis, Andrej Findor, Anais Thibault Landry, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Manuel S. Ortiz, Zahir Vally, Ekaterina Pronizius, Martin Voracek, Claus Lamm, Maurice Grinberg, Ranran Li, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Giovanna Mioni, Nicola Cellini, Sau-Chin Chen, Janis Zickfeld, Karis Moon, Habiba Azab, Neil Levy, Alper Karababa, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Leanne Boucher, W. Matthew Collins, Anna Louise Todsen, Kevin van Schie, Jáchym Vintr, Jozef Bavolar, Lada Kaliska, Valerija Križanić, Lara Samojlenko, Razieh Pourafshari, Sandra J. Geiger, Julia Beitner, Lara Warmelink, Robert M. Ross, Ian D. Stephen, Thomas J. Hostler, Soufian Azouaghe, Randy McCarthy, Anna Szala, Caterina Grano, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Gulnaz Anjum, William Jimenez-Leal, Maria Bradford, Laura Calderón Pérez, Julio E. Cruz Vásquez, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Ondřej Kácha, Alexios Arvanitis, Qinyu Xiao, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Saša Zorjan, Zuzanna Tajchman, Iris Vilares, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Jonas R. Kunst, Christian K. Tamnes, Claudia C. von Bastian, Mohammad Atari, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Monika Hricova, Pavol Kačmár, Jana Schrötter, Rima-Maria Rahal, Noga Cohen, Saeideh FatahModares, Miha Zrimsek, Ilya Zakharov, Monica A. Koehn, Celia Esteban-Serna, Robert J. Calin-Jageman, Anthony J. Krafnick, Eva Štrukelj, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Jan Urban, Jaime R. Silva, Marcel Martončik, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Dušana Šakan, Anna O. Kuzminska, Jasna Milosevic Djordjevic, Inês A. T. Almeida, Ana Ferreira, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Harry Manley, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Renan P. Monteiro, Zahra Etabari, Erica Musser, Daniel Dunleavy, Weilun Chou, Hendrik Godbersen, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Crystal Reeck, Carlota Batres, Komila Kirgizova, Abdumalik Muminov, Flavio Azevedo, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jeong Min Lee, Zhang Chen, Frederick Verbruggen, Ignazio Ziano, Murat Tümer, Abdelilah C. A. Charyate, Dmitrii Dubrov, María del Carmen M. C. Tejada Rivera, Christopher Aberson, Bence Pálfi, Mónica Alarcón Maldonado, Barbora Hubena, Asli Sacakli, Chris D. Ceary, Karley L. Richard, Gage Singer, Jennifer T. Perillo, Tonia Ballantyne, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Maksim Fedotov, Hongfei Du, Magdalena Wielgus, Ilse L. Pit, Matej Hruška, Daniela Sousa, Balazs Aczel, Nandor Hajdu, Barnabas Szaszi, Sylwia Adamus, Krystian Barzykowski, Leticia Micheli, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Andras N. Zsido, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Rafał Muda, Michal Bialek, Marta Kowal, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Michal Misiak, Débora Mola, María Victoria Ortiz, Pablo Sebastián Correa, Anabel Belaus, Fany Muchembled, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Patricia Arriaga, Raquel Oliveira, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Paulina Szwed, Małgorzata Kossowska, Gabriela Czarnek, Julita Kielińska, Benedict Antazo, Ruben Betlehem, Stefan Stieger, Gustav Nilsonne, Nicolle Simonovic, Jennifer Taber, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Artur Domurat, Keiko Ihaya, Yuki Yamada, Anum Urooj, Tripat Gill, Martin Čadek, Lisa Bylinina, Johanna Messerschmidt, Murathan Kurfalı, Adeyemi Adetula, Ekaterina Baklanova, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Heather B. Kappes, Biljana Gjoneska, Thea House, Marc V. Jones, Jana B. Berkessel, William J. Chopik, Sami Çoksan, Martin Seehuus, Ahmed Khaoudi, Ahmed Bokkour, Kanza Ait El Arabi, Ikhlas Djamai, Aishwarya Iyer, Neha Parashar, Arca Adiguzel, Halil Emre Kocalar, Carsten Bundt, James O. Norton, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez, Vladislav Ankushev, Natalia Bogatyreva, Dmitry Grigoryev, Aleksandr Ivanov, Irina Prusova, Marina Romanova, Irena Sarieva, Maria Terskova, Evgeniya Hristova, Veselina Hristova Kadreva, Allison Janak, Vidar Schei, Therese E. Sverdrup, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Dajana Krupić, Carmel A. Levitan, Niklas Johannes, Nihal Ouherrou, Nicolas Say, Sladjana Sinkolova, Kristina Janjić, Marija Stojanovska, Dragana Stojanovska, Meetu Khosla, Andrew G. Thomas, Franki Y. H. Kung, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Busra Bahar Balci, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Ernest Baskin, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, David Moreau, Clare A. M. Sutherland, Hu Chuan-Peng, Chris Noone, Heather Flowe, Michele Anne, Steve M. J. Janssen, Marta Topor, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Karen Yu, Shimrit Daches, Andree Hartanto, Milica Vdovic, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Paul A. G. Forbes, Julia Kamburidis, Evelina Marinova, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Nikolay R. Rachev, Alina Stoyanova, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan W. Suchow, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Teodor Jernsäther, Jonas K. Olofsson, Olga Bialobrzeska, Magdalena Marszalek, Srinivasan Tatachari, Reza Afhami, Wilbert Law, Jan Antfolk, Barbara Žuro, Natalia Van Doren, Jose A. Soto, Rachel Searston, Jacob Miranda, Kaja Damnjanović, Siu Kit Yeung, Dino Krupić, Karlijn Hoyer, Bastian Jaeger, Dongning Ren, Gerit Pfuhl, Kristoffer Klevjer, Nadia S. Corral-Frías, Martha Frias-Armenta, Marc Y. Lucas, Adriana Olaya Torres, Mónica Toro, Lady Grey Javela Delgado, Diego Vega, Sara Álvarez Solas, Roosevelt Vilar, Sébastien Massoni, Thomas Frizzo, Alexandre Bran, David C. Vaidis, Luc Vieira, Bastien Paris, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Anna Greenburgh, Cassie M. Whitt, Alexa M. Tullett, Xinkai Du, Leonhard Volz, Minke Jasmijn Bosma, Cemre Karaarslan, Eylül Sarıoğuz, Tara Bulut Allred, Max Korbmacher, Melissa F. Colloff, Tiago J. S. Lima, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Maria Karekla, Christiana Karashiali, Naoyuki Sunami, Lisa M. Jaremka, Daniel Storage, Sumaiya Habib, Anna Studzinska, Paul H. P. Hanel, Dawn Liu Holford, Miroslav Sirota, Kelly Wolfe, Faith Chiu, Andriana Theodoropoulou, El Rim Ahn, Yijun Lin, Erin C. Westgate, Hilmar Brohmer, Gabriela Hofer, Olivier Dujols, Kevin Vezirian, Gilad Feldman, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Afroja Ahmed, Manyu Li, Jasmijn Bosch, Nathan Torunsky, Hui Bai, Mathi Manavalan, Xin Song, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Przemysław Zdybek, Maja Friedemann, Anna Dalla Rosa, Luca Kozma, Sara G. Alves, Samuel Lins, Isabel R. Pinto, Rita C. Correia, Peter Babinčák, Gabriel Banik, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Marco A. C. Varella, Jim Uttley, Julie E. Beshears, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Behzad Behzadnia, Shawn N. Geniole, Miguel A. Silan, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Ulrich S. Tran, Sara Morales Izquierdo, Michael C. Mensink, Piotr Sorokowski, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Theda Radtke, Vera Cubela Adoric, Joelle Carpentier, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Mattie V. Hedgebeth, Tatsunori Ishii, Aaron L. Wichman, Jan Philipp Röer, Thomas Ostermann, William E. Davis, Lilian Suter, Konstantinos Papachristopoulos, Chelsea Zabel, Sandersan Onie, Charles R. Ebersole, Christopher R. Chartier, Peter R. Mallik, Heather L. Urry, Erin M. Buchanan, Nicholas A. Coles, Maximilian A. Primbs, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Hans IJzerman, Patrick S. Forscher, and Hannah Moshontz

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Behaviour Change and Well-being, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Social Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x, published online 2 August 2021.In the version of this article initially published, the following authors were omitted from the author list and the Author contributionssection for “investigation” and “writing and editing”: Nandor Hajdu (Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,Hungary), Jordane Boudesseul (Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú), RafałMuda (Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) and Sandersan Onie (Black Dog Institute, UNSWSydney, Sydney, Australia & Emotional Health for All Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia). In addition, Saeideh FatahModares’ name wasoriginally misspelled as Saiedeh FatahModarres in the author list. Further, affiliations have been corrected for Maria Terskova (NationalResearch University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Susana Ruiz Fernandez (FOM University of Applied Sciences,Essen; Leibniz-Institut fur Wissensmedien, Tubingen, and LEAD Research Network, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany),Hendrik Godbersen (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany), Gulnaz Anjum (Department of Psychology, Simon FraserUniversity, Burnaby, Canada, and Department of Economics & Social Sciences, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan).

Published
2022

18. Hate speech operationalization: a preliminary examination of hate speech indicators and their structure

Author

Matúš Pikuliak, Michal Kentoš, Denisa Fedáková, Matus Adamkovic, Robert Moro, Marcel Martončik, Marián Šimko, Miroslava Bozogáňová, Ivan Srba, and Jana Papcunová

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), Operationalization, Human rights, media_common.quotation_subject, Focus (linguistics), Computational Mathematics, Denial, Artificial Intelligence, Set (psychology), Psychology, Engineering (miscellaneous), Practical implications, Information Systems, Cognitive psychology, media_common
Abstract

Hate speech should be tackled and prosecuted based on how it is operationalized. However, the existing theoretical definitions of hate speech are not sufficiently fleshed out or easily operable. To overcome this inadequacy, and with the help of interdisciplinary experts, we propose an empirical definition of hate speech by providing a list of 10 hate speech indicators and the rationale behind them (the indicators refer to specific, observable, and measurable characteristics that offer a practical definition of hate speech). A preliminary exploratory examination of the structure of hate speech, with the focus on comments related to migrants (one of the most reported grounds of hate speech), revealed that two indicators in particular,denial of human rightsandpromoting violent behavior,occupy a central role in the network of indicators. Furthermore, we discuss the practical implications of the proposed hate speech indicators—especially (semi-)automatic detection using the latest natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) methods. Having a set of quantifiable indicators could benefit researchers, human right activists, educators, analysts, and regulators by providing them with a pragmatic approach to hate speech assessment and detection.

Published
2021

19. Contextual factors predicting compliance behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning analysis on survey data from 16 countries

Author

Nandor Hajdu, Kathleen Schmidt, Gergely Acs, Jan P. Röer, Alberto Mirisola, Isabella Giammusso, Patrícia Arriaga, Rafael Ribeiro, Dmitrii Dubrov, Dmitry Grigoryev, Nwadiogo C. Arinze, Martin Voracek, Stefan Stieger, Matus Adamkovic, Mahmoud Elsherif, Bettina M. J. Kern, Krystian Barzykowski, Ewa Ilczuk, Marcel Martončik, Ivan Ropovik, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Gabriel Baník, José Luis Ulloa, Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, N. Hajdu, K. Schmidt, G. Ac, J.P. Röer, Alberto Mirisola, Isabella Giammusso, P. Arriaga, R. Ribeiro, D. Dubrov, D. Grigoryev, N. C. Arinze, M. Voracek, S. Stieger, M. Adamkovic, M. Elsherif, B. M. J. Kern, K. Barzykowski, E. Ilczuk, M. Martončik, I. Ropovik, S. Ruiz-Fernandez, G. Baník, J. L. Ulloa, B. Aczel, and B. Szaszi

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Physical Distancing, social distancing, COVID-19, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], lockdown, Machine Learning, voluntary isolation, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, multi-national study, Settore M-PSI/05 - Psicologia Sociale, Pandemics, random forest
Abstract

Voluntary isolation is one of the most effective methods for individuals to help prevent the transmission of diseases such as COVID-19. Understanding why people leave their homes when advised not to do so and identifying what contextual factors predict this non-compliant behavior is essential for policymakers and public health officials. To provide insight on these factors, we collected data from 42,169 individuals across 16 countries. Participants responded to items inquiring about their socio-cultural environment, such as the adherence of fellow citizens, as well as their mental states, such as their level of loneliness and boredom. We trained random forest models to predict whether someone had left their home during a one week period during which they were asked to voluntarily isolate themselves. The analyses indicated that overall, an increase in the feeling of being caged leads to an increased probability of leaving home. In addition, an increased feeling of responsibility and an increased fear of getting infected decreased the probability of leaving home. The models predicted compliance behavior with between 54% and 91% accuracy within each country’s sample. In addition, we modeled factors leading to risky behavior in the pandemic context. We observed an increased probability of visiting risky places as both the anticipated number of people and the importance of the activity increased. Conversely, the probability of visiting risky places increased as the perceived putative effectiveness of social distancing decreased. The variance explained in our models predicting risk ranged from < .01 to .54 by country. Together, our findings can inform behavioral interventions to increase adherence to lockdown recommendations in pandemic conditions.

Published
2021

20. A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect

Author

Jasmine B. Norman, Peggy Chekroun, Hugo Bouxom, Gianni Ribeiro, Muriel Kosaka, Bryon Hines, Curtis E. Phills, Martin Müller, Ann Bettencourt, John E. Edlund, Anthony D. Hermann, Marton Kovacs, Randy J. McCarthy, Paul T. Fuglestad, Jason Young, Keith D. Markman, Alia Rohain, Catherine Haley, Mark Aveyard, Pavol Kačmár, Ashley Buck, Cristina Zogmaister, Ángel del Fresno-Díaz, Silvia Marcella Baraldo, Anna Maria C. Behler, Alec Ducham, Robert Körner, Amanda ElBassiouny, Lauren Hauck, Jo-Ann Tsang, John Kitchener Sakaluk, Michela Vezzoli, Balazs Aczel, Patrick J. Ewell, Murat Kezer, Jacqueline M. Chen, Dana C. Leighton, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Christopher E. Hawk, Lauren N. Jordan, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Lemi Baruh, Adam Bitar, Astrid Schütz, Rosemary L. Al-Kire, Thomas Rhys Evans, Anna Baumert, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Patrick S. Forscher, Charlotte Basch, Mukunzi Irumva, Elicia C. Lair, Michael W. Magee, Marcel Martončik, Will M. Gervais, Danielle L. Oyler, Caitlin Williams, Guillermo B. Willis, Jerome Olsen, Baruh, Lemi (ORCID 0000-0002-2797-242X & YÖK ID 36113), Cemalcılar, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0002-0886-7982 & YÖK ID 40374), Kezer, Murat, McCarthy, Randy, Gervais, Will, Aczel, Balazs, Al-Kire, Rosemary L., Aveyard, Mark, Baraldo, Silvia Marcella, Basch, Charlotte, Baumert, Anna, Bettencourt, Ann, Bitar, Adam, Bouxom, Hugo, Buck, Ashley, Chekroun, Peggy, Chen, Jacqueline M., del Fresno-Diaz, Angel, Ducham, Alec, Edlund, John E., ElBassiouny, Amanda, Evans, Thomas Rhys, Ewell, Patrick J., Forscher, Patrick S., Fuglestad, Paul T., Hauck, Lauren, Hawk, Christopher E., Hermann, Anthony D., Hines, Bryon, Irumva, Mukunzi, Jordan, Lauren N., Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Haley, Catherine, Kacmar, Pavol, Koerner, Robert, Kosaka, Muriel, Kovacs, Marton, Lair, Elicia C., Legal, Jean-Baptiste, Leighton, Dana C., Magee, Michael W., Markman, Keith, Martoncik, Marcel Mueller, Martin, Norman, Jasmine B., Olsen, Jerome, Oyler, Danielle, Phills, Curtis E., Ribeiro, Gianni, Rohain, Alia, Sakaluk, John, Schuetz, Astrid, Toribio-Florez, Daniel, Tsang, Jo-Ann, Vezzoli, Michela, Williams, Caitlin, Willis, Guillermo B., Young, Jason, Zogmaister, Cristina, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Mccarthy, R, Gervais, W, Aczel, B, Al-Kire, R, Aveyard, M, Baraldo, S, Baruh, L, Basch, C, Baumert, A, Behler, A, Bettencourt, A, Bitar, A, Bouxom, H, Buck, A, Cemalcilar, Z, Chekroun, P, Chen, J, del Fresno-Diaz, A, Ducham, A, Edlund, J, Elbassiouny, A, Evans, T, Ewell, P, Forscher, P, Fuglestad, P, Hauck, L, Hawk, C, Hermann, A, Hines, B, Irumva, M, Jordan, L, Joy-Gaba, J, Haley, C, Kacmar, P, Kezer, M, Korner, R, Kosaka, M, Kovacs, M, Lair, E, Legal, J, Leighton, D, Magee, M, Markman, K, Martoncik, M, Muller, M, Norman, J, Olsen, J, Oyler, D, Phills, C, Ribeiro, G, Rohain, A, Sakaluk, J, Schutz, A, Toribio-Florez, D, Tsang, J, Vezzoli, M, Williams, C, Willis, G, Young, J, Zogmaister, C, and Toribio-Flórez, Daniel

Subjects
Hostile attribution, Hostile perception, Social judgment, 05 social sciences, Multi site, Replication, 050109 social psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Crowdsourcing, Hostile attributions, Hostile perceptions, Priming, Social judgments, Social priming, M-PSI/03 - PSICOMETRIA, Social cognition, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, M-PSI/01 - PSICOLOGIA GENERALE, Priming (psychology), Social psychology, General Psychology, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE
Abstract

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer's methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p =.16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p =.58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979)., NA

Published
2021

21. Measuring Internet Gaming Disorder and Gaming Disorder: Qualitative Content Validity Analysis of Validated Scales

Author

Veli-Matti Karhulahti, Marcel Martončik, and Matus Adamkovic

Abstract

Numerous instruments have been developed to measure gaming-related health problems based on “internet gaming disorder” (IGD) in the third section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) and “gaming disorder” (GD) in the International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.). However, the criteria in the manuals tend to be operationalized in numerous diverse ways, which can make screening outcomes incomparable. A content validity analysis is needed to reassess the relationships between the diagnostic criteria and the items that operationalize them. The IGD and GD criteria were divided into sematic components. A qualitative content validity analysis was carried out for all items employed by the 17 instruments that claim to measure either construct by their criteria in English. In all but one instrument, the operationalizations did not include all criterion components. There were two main reasons found for this: the components had simply been left out or had been alternatively modified into other components. Criteria that were vaguely described in the manuals were sources of lower content validity items. The study implies that many of the problems in IGD and GD measurement derive from criteria operationalization and original manual descriptions. The conclusion provides practical recommendations that researchers can apply to improve the content validity of their measurement.

Published
2021

22. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Ke Wang, Amit Goldenberg, Charles A. Dorison, Jeremy K. Miller, Andero Uusberg, Jennifer S. Lerner, James J. Gross, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, Luis Eudave, Karolina Grzech, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Emily A. Jackson, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Shira Meir Drexler, Anita Penić Jurković, Kafeel Rana, John Paul Wilson, Maria Antoniadi, Kermeka Desai, Zoi Gialitaki, Elizaveta Kushnir, Khaoula Nadif, Olalla Niño Bravo, Rafia Nauman, Marlies Oosterlinck, Myrto Pantazi, Natalia Pilecka, Anna Szabelska, I. M.M. van Steenkiste, Katarzyna Filip, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Elena Agadullina, Matúš Adamkovič, MA (Marta) Roczniewska, Cecilia Reyna, Angelos P. Kassianos, Minja Westerlund, Lina Ahlgren, Sara Pöntinen, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Pinar Dursun, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe, Ilker Dalgar, Handan Akkas, Paulo Manuel Macapagal, Savannah Lewis, Irem Metin-Orta, Francesco Foroni, Megan Willis, Anabela Caetano Santos, Aviv Mokady, Niv Reggev, Merve A. Kurfali, Martin R. Vasilev, Nora L. Nock, Michal Parzuchowski, Mauricio F. Espinoza Barría, Marek Vranka, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Ivan Ropovik, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Chunhui Wang, Elvin Yao, Maja Becker, Efisio Manunta, Gwenael Kaminski, Dafne Marko, Kortnee Evans, David M.G. Lewis, Andrej Findor, Anais Thibault Landry, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Manuel S. Ortiz, Zahir Vally, Ekaterina Pronizius, Martin Voracek, Claus Lamm, Maurice Grinberg, Ranran Li, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Giovanna Mioni, Nicola Cellini, Sau Chin Chen, Janis Zickfeld, Karis Moon, Habiba Azab, Neil Levy, Alper Karababa, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Leanne Boucher, W. Matthew Collins, Anna Louise Todsen, K (Kevin) van Schie, Jáchym Vintr, Jozef Bavolar, Lada Kaliska, Valerija Križanić, Lara Samojlenko, Razieh Pourafshari, Sandra J. Geiger, Julia Beitner, Lara Warmelink, Robert M. Ross, Ian D. Stephen, Thomas J. Hostler, Soufian Azouaghe, Randy McCarthy, Anna Szala, Caterina Grano, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Gulnaz Anjum, William Jimenez-Leal, Maria Bradford, Laura Calderón Pérez, Julio E. Cruz Vásquez, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Ondřej Kácha, Alexios Arvanitis, Qinyu Xiao, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Saša Zorjan, Zuzanna Tajchman, Iris Vilares, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Jonas R. Kunst, Christian K. Tamnes, Claudia C. von Bastian, Mohammad Atari, Mohammad Hasan Sharifian, Monika Hricova, Pavol Kačmár, Jana Schrötter, Rima Maria Rahal, Noga Cohen, Saiedeh FatahModarres, Miha Zrimsek, Ilya Zakharov, Monica A. Koehn, Celia Esteban-Serna, Robert J. Calin-Jageman, Anthony J. Krafnick, Eva Štrukelj, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Jan Urban, Jaime R. Silva, Marcel Martončik, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Dušana Šakan, Anna O. Kuzminska, Jasna Milosevic Djordjevic, Inês A.T. Almeida, A.S. (Ana) Ferreira, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Harry Manley, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Renan P. Monteiro, Zahra Etabari, Erica Musser, Daniel Dunleavy, Weilun Chou, Hendrik Godbersen, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Crystal Reeck, Carlota Batres, Komila Kirgizova, Abdumalik Muminov, Flavio Azevedo, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jeong Min Lee, Zhang Chen, Frederick Verbruggen, Ignazio Ziano, Murat Tümer, Abdelilah C.A. Charyate, Dmitrii Dubrov, María del Carmen M.C. Tejada Rivera, Christopher Aberson, Bence Pálfi, Mónica Alarcón Maldonado, Barbora Hubena, Asli Sacakli, Chris D. Ceary, Karley L. Richard, Gage Singer, Jennifer T. Perillo, Tonia Ballantyne, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Maksim Fedotov, Hongfei Du, Magdalena Wielgus, Ilse L. Pit, Matej Hruška, Daniela Sousa, Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, Sylwia Adamus, Krystian Barzykowski, Leticia Micheli, Nadya Daniela Schmidt, Andras N. Zsido, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Bialek, Marta Kowal, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Michal Misiak, Débora Mola, María Victoria Ortiz, Pablo Sebastián Correa, Anabel Belaus, Fany Muchembled, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Patricia Arriaga, Raquel Oliveira, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Paulina Szwed, Małgorzata Kossowska, Gabriela Czarnek, Julita Kielińska, Benedict Antazo, Ruben Betlehem, Stefan Stieger, Gustav Nilsonne, Nicolle Simonovic, Jennifer Taber, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Artur Domurat, Keiko Ihaya, Yuki Yamada, Anum Urooj, Tripat Gill, Martin Čadek, Lisa Bylinina, Johanna Messerschmidt, Murathan Kurfalı, Adeyemi Adetula, Ekaterina Baklanova, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Heather B. Kappes, Biljana Gjoneska, Thea House, Marc V. Jones, Jana B. Berkessel, William J. Chopik, Sami Çoksan, Martin Seehuus, Ahmed Khaoudi, Ahmed Bokkour, Kanza Ait El Arabi, Ikhlas Djamai, Aishwarya Iyer, Neha Parashar, Arca Adiguzel, Halil Emre Kocalar, Carsten Bundt, James O. Norton, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez, Vladislav Ankushev, Natalia Bogatyreva, Dmitry Grigoryev, Aleksandr Ivanov, Irina Prusova, Marina Romanova, Irena Sarieva, Maria Terskova, Evgeniya Hristova, Veselina Hristova Kadreva, Allison Janak, Vidar Schei, Therese E. Sverdrup, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Dajana Krupić, Carmel A. Levitan, Niklas Johannes, Nihal Ouherrou, Nicolas Say, Sladjana Sinkolova, Kristina Janjić, Marija Stojanovska, Dragana Stojanovska, Meetu Khosla, Andrew G. Thomas, Franki Y.H. Kung, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Busra Bahar Balci, Ulf Dietrich Reips, Ernest Baskin, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, David Moreau, Clare A.M. Sutherland, Hu Chuan-Peng, Chris Noone, Heather Flowe, Michele Anne, Steve M.J. Janssen, Marta Topor, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Karen Yu, Shimrit Daches, Andree Hartanto, Milica Vdovic, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Paul A.G. Forbes, Julia Kamburidis, Evelina Marinova, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Nikolay R. Rachev, Alina Stoyanova, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan W. Suchow, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Teodor Jernsäther, Jonas K. Olofsson, Olga Bialobrzeska, Magdalena Marszalek, Srinivasan Tatachari, Reza Afhami, Wilbert Law, Jan Antfolk, Barbara Žuro, Natalia Van Doren, Jose A. Soto, Rachel Searston, Jacob Miranda, Kaja Damnjanović, Siu Kit Yeung, Dino Krupić, Karlijn Hoyer, Bastian Jaeger, Dongning Ren, Gerit Pfuhl, Kristoffer Klevjer, Nadia S. Corral-Frías, Martha Frias-Armenta, Marc Y. Lucas, Adriana Olaya Torres, Mónica Toro, Lady Grey Javela Delgado, Diego Vega, Sara Álvarez Solas, Roosevelt Vilar, Sébastien Massoni, Thomas Frizzo, Alexandre Bran, David C. Vaidis, Luc Vieira, Bastien Paris, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Anna Greenburgh, Cassie M. Whitt, Alexa M. Tullett, Xinkai Du, Leonhard Volz, Minke Jasmijn Bosma, Cemre Karaarslan, Eylül Sarıoğuz, Tara Bulut Allred, Max Korbmacher, Melissa F. Colloff, Tiago J.S. Lima, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Jeroen P.H. Verharen, Maria Karekla, Christiana Karashiali, Naoyuki Sunami, Lisa M. Jaremka, Daniel Storage, Sumaiya Habib, Anna Studzinska, Paul H.P. Hanel, Dawn Liu Holford, Miroslav Sirota, Kelly Wolfe, Faith Chiu, Andriana Theodoropoulou, El Rim Ahn, Yijun Lin, Erin C. Westgate, Hilmar Brohmer, Gabriela Hofer, Olivier Dujols, Kevin Vezirian, Gilad Feldman, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Afroja Ahmed, Manyu Li, Jasmijn Bosch, Nathan Torunsky, Hui Bai, Mathi Manavalan, Xin Song, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Przemysław Zdybek, Maja Friedemann, Anna Dalla Rosa, Luca Kozma, Sara G. Alves, Samuel Lins, Isabel R. Pinto, Rita C. Correia, Peter Babinčák, Gabriel Banik, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Marco A.C. Varella, Jim Uttley, Julie E. Beshears, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Behzad Behzadnia, Shawn N. Geniole, Miguel A. Silan, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Ulrich S. Tran, Sara Morales Izquierdo, Michael C. Mensink, Piotr Sorokowski, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Theda Radtke, Vera Cubela Adoric, Joelle Carpentier, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Mattie V. Hedgebeth, Tatsunori Ishii, Aaron L. Wichman, Jan Philipp Röer, Thomas Ostermann, William E. Davis, Lilian Suter, Konstantinos Papachristopoulos, Chelsea Zabel, Charles R. Ebersole, Christopher R. Chartier, Peter R. Mallik, Heather L. Urry, Erin M. Buchanan, Nicholas A. Coles, Maximilian A. Primbs, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Hans IJzerman, Patrick S. Forscher, Hannah Moshontz, Ke Wang, Amit Goldenberg, Charles A. Dorison, Jeremy K. Miller, Andero Uusberg, Jennifer S. Lerner, James J. Gross, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, Luis Eudave, Karolina Grzech, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Emily A. Jackson, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Shira Meir Drexler, Anita Penić Jurković, Kafeel Rana, John Paul Wilson, Maria Antoniadi, Kermeka Desai, Zoi Gialitaki, Elizaveta Kushnir, Khaoula Nadif, Olalla Niño Bravo, Rafia Nauman, Marlies Oosterlinck, Myrto Pantazi, Natalia Pilecka, Anna Szabelska, I. M.M. van Steenkiste, Katarzyna Filip, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Elena Agadullina, Matúš Adamkovič, MA (Marta) Roczniewska, Cecilia Reyna, Angelos P. Kassianos, Minja Westerlund, Lina Ahlgren, Sara Pöntinen, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Pinar Dursun, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe, Ilker Dalgar, Handan Akkas, Paulo Manuel Macapagal, Savannah Lewis, Irem Metin-Orta, Francesco Foroni, Megan Willis, Anabela Caetano Santos, Aviv Mokady, Niv Reggev, Merve A. Kurfali, Martin R. Vasilev, Nora L. Nock, Michal Parzuchowski, Mauricio F. Espinoza Barría, Marek Vranka, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Ivan Ropovik, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Chunhui Wang, Elvin Yao, Maja Becker, Efisio Manunta, Gwenael Kaminski, Dafne Marko, Kortnee Evans, David M.G. Lewis, Andrej Findor, Anais Thibault Landry, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Manuel S. Ortiz, Zahir Vally, Ekaterina Pronizius, Martin Voracek, Claus Lamm, Maurice Grinberg, Ranran Li, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Giovanna Mioni, Nicola Cellini, Sau Chin Chen, Janis Zickfeld, Karis Moon, Habiba Azab, Neil Levy, Alper Karababa, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Leanne Boucher, W. Matthew Collins, Anna Louise Todsen, K (Kevin) van Schie, Jáchym Vintr, Jozef Bavolar, Lada Kaliska, Valerija Križanić, Lara Samojlenko, Razieh Pourafshari, Sandra J. Geiger, Julia Beitner, Lara Warmelink, Robert M. Ross, Ian D. Stephen, Thomas J. Hostler, Soufian Azouaghe, Randy McCarthy, Anna Szala, Caterina Grano, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Gulnaz Anjum, William Jimenez-Leal, Maria Bradford, Laura Calderón Pérez, Julio E. Cruz Vásquez, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Ondřej Kácha, Alexios Arvanitis, Qinyu Xiao, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Saša Zorjan, Zuzanna Tajchman, Iris Vilares, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Jonas R. Kunst, Christian K. Tamnes, Claudia C. von Bastian, Mohammad Atari, Mohammad Hasan Sharifian, Monika Hricova, Pavol Kačmár, Jana Schrötter, Rima Maria Rahal, Noga Cohen, Saiedeh FatahModarres, Miha Zrimsek, Ilya Zakharov, Monica A. Koehn, Celia Esteban-Serna, Robert J. Calin-Jageman, Anthony J. Krafnick, Eva Štrukelj, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Jan Urban, Jaime R. Silva, Marcel Martončik, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Dušana Šakan, Anna O. Kuzminska, Jasna Milosevic Djordjevic, Inês A.T. Almeida, A.S. (Ana) Ferreira, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Harry Manley, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Renan P. Monteiro, Zahra Etabari, Erica Musser, Daniel Dunleavy, Weilun Chou, Hendrik Godbersen, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Crystal Reeck, Carlota Batres, Komila Kirgizova, Abdumalik Muminov, Flavio Azevedo, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jeong Min Lee, Zhang Chen, Frederick Verbruggen, Ignazio Ziano, Murat Tümer, Abdelilah C.A. Charyate, Dmitrii Dubrov, María del Carmen M.C. Tejada Rivera, Christopher Aberson, Bence Pálfi, Mónica Alarcón Maldonado, Barbora Hubena, Asli Sacakli, Chris D. Ceary, Karley L. Richard, Gage Singer, Jennifer T. Perillo, Tonia Ballantyne, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Maksim Fedotov, Hongfei Du, Magdalena Wielgus, Ilse L. Pit, Matej Hruška, Daniela Sousa, Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, Sylwia Adamus, Krystian Barzykowski, Leticia Micheli, Nadya Daniela Schmidt, Andras N. Zsido, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Bialek, Marta Kowal, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Michal Misiak, Débora Mola, María Victoria Ortiz, Pablo Sebastián Correa, Anabel Belaus, Fany Muchembled, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Patricia Arriaga, Raquel Oliveira, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Paulina Szwed, Małgorzata Kossowska, Gabriela Czarnek, Julita Kielińska, Benedict Antazo, Ruben Betlehem, Stefan Stieger, Gustav Nilsonne, Nicolle Simonovic, Jennifer Taber, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Artur Domurat, Keiko Ihaya, Yuki Yamada, Anum Urooj, Tripat Gill, Martin Čadek, Lisa Bylinina, Johanna Messerschmidt, Murathan Kurfalı, Adeyemi Adetula, Ekaterina Baklanova, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Heather B. Kappes, Biljana Gjoneska, Thea House, Marc V. Jones, Jana B. Berkessel, William J. Chopik, Sami Çoksan, Martin Seehuus, Ahmed Khaoudi, Ahmed Bokkour, Kanza Ait El Arabi, Ikhlas Djamai, Aishwarya Iyer, Neha Parashar, Arca Adiguzel, Halil Emre Kocalar, Carsten Bundt, James O. Norton, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Anabel De la Rosa-Gomez, Vladislav Ankushev, Natalia Bogatyreva, Dmitry Grigoryev, Aleksandr Ivanov, Irina Prusova, Marina Romanova, Irena Sarieva, Maria Terskova, Evgeniya Hristova, Veselina Hristova Kadreva, Allison Janak, Vidar Schei, Therese E. Sverdrup, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Dajana Krupić, Carmel A. Levitan, Niklas Johannes, Nihal Ouherrou, Nicolas Say, Sladjana Sinkolova, Kristina Janjić, Marija Stojanovska, Dragana Stojanovska, Meetu Khosla, Andrew G. Thomas, Franki Y.H. Kung, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Busra Bahar Balci, Ulf Dietrich Reips, Ernest Baskin, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, David Moreau, Clare A.M. Sutherland, Hu Chuan-Peng, Chris Noone, Heather Flowe, Michele Anne, Steve M.J. Janssen, Marta Topor, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Karen Yu, Shimrit Daches, Andree Hartanto, Milica Vdovic, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Paul A.G. Forbes, Julia Kamburidis, Evelina Marinova, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Nikolay R. Rachev, Alina Stoyanova, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan W. Suchow, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Teodor Jernsäther, Jonas K. Olofsson, Olga Bialobrzeska, Magdalena Marszalek, Srinivasan Tatachari, Reza Afhami, Wilbert Law, Jan Antfolk, Barbara Žuro, Natalia Van Doren, Jose A. Soto, Rachel Searston, Jacob Miranda, Kaja Damnjanović, Siu Kit Yeung, Dino Krupić, Karlijn Hoyer, Bastian Jaeger, Dongning Ren, Gerit Pfuhl, Kristoffer Klevjer, Nadia S. Corral-Frías, Martha Frias-Armenta, Marc Y. Lucas, Adriana Olaya Torres, Mónica Toro, Lady Grey Javela Delgado, Diego Vega, Sara Álvarez Solas, Roosevelt Vilar, Sébastien Massoni, Thomas Frizzo, Alexandre Bran, David C. Vaidis, Luc Vieira, Bastien Paris, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Anna Greenburgh, Cassie M. Whitt, Alexa M. Tullett, Xinkai Du, Leonhard Volz, Minke Jasmijn Bosma, Cemre Karaarslan, Eylül Sarıoğuz, Tara Bulut Allred, Max Korbmacher, Melissa F. Colloff, Tiago J.S. Lima, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Jeroen P.H. Verharen, Maria Karekla, Christiana Karashiali, Naoyuki Sunami, Lisa M. Jaremka, Daniel Storage, Sumaiya Habib, Anna Studzinska, Paul H.P. Hanel, Dawn Liu Holford, Miroslav Sirota, Kelly Wolfe, Faith Chiu, Andriana Theodoropoulou, El Rim Ahn, Yijun Lin, Erin C. Westgate, Hilmar Brohmer, Gabriela Hofer, Olivier Dujols, Kevin Vezirian, Gilad Feldman, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Afroja Ahmed, Manyu Li, Jasmijn Bosch, Nathan Torunsky, Hui Bai, Mathi Manavalan, Xin Song, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Przemysław Zdybek, Maja Friedemann, Anna Dalla Rosa, Luca Kozma, Sara G. Alves, Samuel Lins, Isabel R. Pinto, Rita C. Correia, Peter Babinčák, Gabriel Banik, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Marco A.C. Varella, Jim Uttley, Julie E. Beshears, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Behzad Behzadnia, Shawn N. Geniole, Miguel A. Silan, Princess Lovella G. Maturan, Johannes K. Vilsmeier, Ulrich S. Tran, Sara Morales Izquierdo, Michael C. Mensink, Piotr Sorokowski, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Theda Radtke, Vera Cubela Adoric, Joelle Carpentier, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Mattie V. Hedgebeth, Tatsunori Ishii, Aaron L. Wichman, Jan Philipp Röer, Thomas Ostermann, William E. Davis, Lilian Suter, Konstantinos Papachristopoulos, Chelsea Zabel, Charles R. Ebersole, Christopher R. Chartier, Peter R. Mallik, Heather L. Urry, Erin M. Buchanan, Nicholas A. Coles, Maximilian A. Primbs, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Hans IJzerman, Patrick S. Forscher, and Hannah Moshontz

Abstract

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions h

Published
2021
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23. Economic situation and time discounting: Does construal level matter?

Author

Matus Adamkovic, Pavol Kačmár, Marcel Martončik, and Peter Babincak

Subjects
Microeconomics, Economic situation, Economics, Construal level theory, Time preference
Abstract

A promising factor in explaining the relationship between the economic situation and time preferences is one’s construal level (i.e., the abstractness/concreteness of thinking). In this preregistered experiment (N = 252), A) the effects of construal level manipulation on time discounting as well as B) the relationship between the economic situation and time discounting were examined in tasks involving both real incentives and hypothetical rewards. The objective economic situation but not the subjective economic situation was found to significantly predict delay discounting in the hypothetical scenario, however, neither of the two significantly predicted delay discounting in the task with the real monetary reward. Although there was also a small effect of construal level manipulation on one’s time preferences concerning hypothetical (but not real) rewards, we remain sceptical about this finding. Crucially, it was found that in comparison to the condition without any mindset induction, both low and high construal level manipulation led to more patient decisions-making in the task involving hypothetical rewards. Further replication attempts on this topic are needed and recommended.

Published
2020

24. Simulation of vocational activities: experimental evidence of (no) changes in vocational interests

Author

Jaroslava Babjáková, Marcel Martončik, Lena Čupková, Natália Köverová, and Monika Kačmárová

Subjects
Vocational activities, lcsh:LC8-6691, Medical education, lcsh:Special aspects of education, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Intervention, Development of interests, Exploratory behavior, 021107 urban & regional planning, Sample (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, 0506 political science, Education, Career exploration, Vocational education, Intervention (counseling), Vocational interests, 050602 political science & public administration, Psychology
Abstract

Many school-age pupils are undecided about their future vocation. This often stems from a lack of occupational information or lack of vocationally related experience. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate an intervention focused on the possibility of changing vocational interests through the simulation of vocational activities. The sample consisted of 250 pupils who were finishing primary school. The intervention was constructed for practical and artistic interests and consisted of workbooks that aim to simulate these vocational activities. MANCOVA showed no effect in the change of vocational interests among the pupils. An alternative idea of intervention in the form of virtual reality simulations is also presented.

Published
2020

25. Poverty in behavioral research: Different operationalizations, different results

Author

Matus Adamkovic, Marcel Martončik, Lačný M, and Monika Kačmárová

Subjects
bepress|Life Sciences|Research Methods in Life Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Public economics, Poverty, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, other, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Meta-science, Psychology
Abstract

Poverty is a complex phenomenon involving objective as well as subjective aspects. In reality, 9 out of 10 flagship studies from social sciences assess only objective indicators reducing poverty's multidimensional nature into solely economic characteristics. Comparing the effects of several distinct poverty operationalizations on the same outcome variable, we found substantial heterogeneity in the estimates. Neglecting the fact that different poverty operationalizations produce different results can generate misleading narratives when interpreting the findings. A researcher should be well-aware which poverty operationalization is the most suitable for their research purposes prior to the data collection. In case this is hard to determine, we aim to encourage researchers to perform sensitivity analyses based on different poverty operationalizations in order to inspect how these choices shape their outcomes.

Published
2020

26. Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests:Making transparent how design choices shape research results

Author

Landy, Justin F., Miaolei (Liam) Jia, Isabel, Ding, Domenico, Viganola, Warren, Tierney, Anna, Dreber, Magnus, Johannesson, Thomas, Pfeiffer, Ebersole, Charles R., Gronau, Quentin F., Alexander, Ly, Don van den Bergh, Maarten, Marsman, Eric-Jan, Wagenmakers, Bartels, Daniel M., Bauman, Christopher W., William, Brady, Felix, Cheung, Andrei, Cimpian, Simone, Dohle, Brent Donnellan, M., Adam, Hahn, Michael, Hall, William, Jiménez-Leal, Johnson, David J., Lucas, Richard E., Benoît, Monin, Andres, Montealegre, Elizabeth, Mullen, Jun, Pang, Jennifer, Ray, Reinero, Diego A., Jesse, Reynolds, Walter, Sowden, Daniel, Storage, Runkun, Su, Tworek, Christina M., Van Bavel, Jay J., Daniel, Walco, Julian, Wills, Xiaobing, Xu, Kai Chi Yam, Xiaoyu, Yang, Martin, Schweinsberg, Molly, Urwitz, Matúš, Adamkovič, Ravin, Alaei, Albers, Casper J., Aurélien, Allard, Anderson, Ian A., Andreychik, Michael R., Peter, Babinčák, Baker, Bradley J., Gabriel, Baník, Ernest, Baskin, Jozef, Bavolar, Berkers, Ruud M. W. J., Michał, Białek, Joel, Blanke, Johannes, Breuer, Ambra, Brizi, Brown, Stephanie E. V., Florian, Brühlmann, Hendrik, Bruns, Leigh, Caldwell, Jean-François, Campourcy, Chan, Eugene Y., Yen-Ping, Chang, Cheung, Benjamin Y., Alycia, Chin, Cho, Kit W., Simon, Columbus, Paul, Conway, Corretti, Conrad A., Craig, Adam W., Curran, Paul G., Danvers, Alexander F., Dawson, Ian G. J., Day, Martin V., Erik, Dietl, Doerflinger, Johannes T., Alice, Dominici, Vilius, Dranseika, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Edlund, John E., Matthew, Fisher, Anna, Fung, Oliver, Genschow, Timo, Gnambs, Goldberg, Matthew H., Lorenz, Graf-Vlachy, Hafenbrack, Andrew C., Sebastian, Hafenbrädl, Andree, Hartanto, Heck, Patrick R., Heffner, Joseph P., Joseph, Hilgard, Felix, Holzmeister, Horchak, Oleksandr V., Huang, Tina S. -T., Joachim, Hüffmeier, Sean, Hughes, Ian, Hussey, Roland, Imhoff, Bastian, Jaeger, Konrad, Jamro, Johnson, Samuel G. B., Andrew, Jones, Lucas, Keller, Olga, Kombeiz, Krueger, Lacy E., Anthony, Lantian, Laplante, Justin P., Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Jonathan, Leclerc, Nicole, Legate, Leonhardt, James M., Leung, Desmond W., Levitan, Carmel A., Hause, Lin, Qinglan, Liu, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Locke, Kenneth D., Albert L., Ly, Maceacheron, Melanie D., Madan, Christopher R., Harry, Manley, Silvia, Mari, Marcel, Martončik, Mclean, Scott L., Jonathon, Mcphetres, Mercier, Brett G., Corinna, Michels, Mullarkey, Michael C., Musser, Erica D., Ladislas, Nalborczyk, Gustav, Nilsonne, Otis, Nicholas G., Otner, Sarah M. G., Otto, Philipp E., Oscar, Oviedo-Trespalacios, Mariola Paruzel- Czachura, Francesco, Pellegrini, Pereira, Vitor M. D., Hannah, Perfecto, Gerit, Pfuhl, Phillips, Mark H., Ori, Plonsky, Pozzi, Maura, Purić, Danka B., Brett, Raymond-Barker, Redman, David E., Reynolds, Caleb J., Ivan, Ropovik, Lukas, Röseler, Ruessmann, Janna K., Ryan, William H., Nika, Sablaturova, Schuepfer, Kurt J., Astrid, Schütz, Miroslav, Sirota, Matthias, Stefan, Stocks, Eric L., Strosser, Garrett L., Suchow, Jordan W., Anna, Szabelska, Tey, Kian-Siong S., Leonid, Tiokhin, Jais, Troian, Till, Utesch, Alejandro, Vásquez-Echeverría, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Mark, Verschoor, Bettina von Helversen, Pascal, Wallisch, Weissgerber, Sophia C., Wichman, Aaron L., Woike, Jan K., Iris, Žeželj, Zickfeld, Janis H., Yeonsin, Ahn, Blaettchen, Philippe F., Kang, Xi, Yoo Jin Lee, Parker, Philip M., Parker, Paul A., Song, Jamie S., May-Anne, Very, Lynn, Wong, Uhlmann, Eric L., Psychometrics and Statistics, The Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests Collaboration [Member of the MPIB: Jan K. Woike], Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Human Technology Interaction, Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG), Psychology Other Research (FMG), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Organizational Psychology, Department of Social Psychology, Landy, J, Jia, M, Ding, I, Viganola, D, Tierney, W, Dreber, A, Johannesson, M, Pfeiffer, T, Ebersole, C, Gronau, Q, Ly, A, van den Bergh, D, Marsman, M, Derks, K, Wagenmakers, E, Proctor, A, Bartels, D, Bauman, C, Brady, W, Cheung, F, Cimpian, A, Dohle, S, Donnellan, M, Hahn, A, Hall, M, Jiménez-Leal, W, Johnson, D, Lucas, R, Monin, B, Montealegre, A, Mullen, E, Pang, J, Ray, J, Reinero, D, Reynolds, J, Sowden, W, Storage, D, Su, R, Tworek, C, Van Bavel, J, Walco, D, Wills, J, Xu, X, Yam, K, Yang, X, Cunningham, W, Schweinsberg, M, Urwitz, M, The Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests, C, Uhlmann, E, Mari, S, and Imperial College London

Subjects
Research design, 1ST OFFERS, 1702 Cognitive Sciences, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], CONCEPTUAL REPLICATIONS, Random Allocation, Empirical research, Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests Collaboration, Psychology, research robustness, Psychology(all), General Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Marketing, 05 social sciences, SCIENCE, Settore M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, scientific transparency, Research Design, VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Crowdsourcing, Cognitive Sciences, crowdsourcing, Cognitive psychology, Adult, replication, Conceptual replications, Social Psychology, Implicit cognition, VDP::Social science: 200::Psychology: 260, Bayesian probability, forecasting, stimulus sampling, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, Scientific transparency, Consistency (negotiation), History and Philosophy of Science, Psychology, Multidisciplinary, IMPLICIT, Humans, conceptual replications, crowdsourcing, forecasting, research robustness, scientific transparency, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ATTITUDES, 1505 Marketing, METAANALYSIS, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, Statistical hypothesis testing, CONSEQUENCES, business.industry, Crowdsourced testing, SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGY, M-PSI/03 - PSICOMETRIA, 1701 Psychology, REPLICABILITY, Research robustness, business, Forecasting
Abstract

©American Psychological Association, 2020. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/bul0000220 To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer five original research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from 2 separate large samples (total N 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete 1 version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across different sets of materials designed to test the same hypothesis: Materials from different teams rendered statistically significant effects in opposite directions for 4 of 5 hypotheses, with the narrowest range in estimates being d = 0.37 to 0.26. Meta-analysis and a Bayesian perspective on the results revealed overall support for 2 hypotheses and a lack of support for 3 hypotheses. Overall, practically none of the variability in effect sizes was attributable to the skill of the research team in designing materials, whereas considerable variability was attributable to the hypothesis being tested. In a forecasting survey, predictions of other scientists were significantly correlated with study results, both across and within hypotheses. Crowdsourced testing of research hypotheses helps reveal the true consistency of empirical support for a scientific claim.

Published
2020

27. A global test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Ke Wang, Amit Goldenberg, Charles Dorison, Jeremy K. Miller, Andero Uusberg, Jennifer Susan Lerner, James Gross, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Elena Agadullina, Matus Adamkovic, Marta Roczniewska, Angelos Kassianos, Pinar Dursun, Azuka Ikechukwu ARINZE, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Chisom Ogbonnaya, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Ilker Dalgar, Handan Akkas, Paulo Manuel Labalan Macapagal, Savannah C Lewis, Irem Metin-Orta, Megan Willis, Anabela Caetano Santos, Aviv Mokady, Niv Reggev, Martin R. Vasilev, Nora L. Nock, Michal Parzuchowski, Mauricio F Espinoza Barría, Marek Albert Vranka, Ivan Ropovik, Xiaohui Yao, Maja Becker, Efisio Manunta, Gwenaël Kaminski, Andrej Findor, David M. G. Lewis, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R. ARUTA, Janis Zickfeld, Julio Cruz Vásquez, Ekaterina Pronizius, Claus Lamm, Ranran Li, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Giovanna Mioni, Nicola Cellini, Sau-Chin Chen, Karis Moon, Habiba Azab, Anna Louise Todsen, K. van Schie, Jozef Bavolar, Lara Warmelink, Robert M Ross, Ian David Stephen, Tom Hostler, Randy J. McCarthy, Caterina Grano, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Ondřej Kácha, Alexios Arvanitis, Qinyu Xiao, Rodrigo Cárcamo, Saša Zorjan, Zuzanna Jagoda Tajchman, Iris Vilares, Jeffrey Michael Pavlacic, Jonas R. Kunst, Christian K. Tamnes, Mohammad Atari, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Monika Hricova, Pavol Kačmár, Rima-Maria Rahal, Ilya Zakharov, Monica A Koehn, Celia Esteban Serna, Nandor Hajdu, Robert Calin-Jageman, Anthony James Krafnick, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Meetu Khosla, Jan Urban, Jordane Boudesseul, Jaime Silva, Marcel Martončik, Dušana Šakan, Anna O. Kuzminska, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Inês A. T. Almeida, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Harry Manley, Danilo Zambrano, Renan P. Monteiro, Erica D. Musser, Daniel J. Dunleavy, Hendrik Godbersen, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Crystal Reeck, Carlota Batres, Flavio Azevedo, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Zhang Chen, Frederick Verbruggen, Ignazio Ziano, Murat Tümer, Dmitrii Dubrov, Alper KARABABA, Maria del Carmen, Chris Aberson, Arlen C. Moller, Barbora Hubená, Chris Ceary, Gage Anthony Singer, Jennifer Torkildson Perillo, Tonia Ballantyne, Hongfei Du, Ilse L. Pit, Matej Hruška, Daniela Sousa, Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, Krystian Barzykowski, Leticia Micheli, Andras N. Zsido, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michal Bialek, Marta Kowal, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Michał Misiak, Patricia Arriaga, Raquel Alves Oliveira, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Paulina Szwed, Małgorzata Kossowska, Julita Kielińska, Benedict Guzman Antazo, Stefan Stieger, Gustav Nilsonne, Nicolle Simonovic, Jennifer M Taber, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Artur Domurat, Keiko Ihaya, Yuki Yamada, Anum Urooj, Tripat Gill, Lisa Bylinina, Ekaterina Baklanova, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Heather Barry Kappes, Biljana Gjoneska, Thea House, Jana Berkessel, Rafał Muda, William J. Chopik, Sami Çoksan, Martin Seehuus, Ahmed Khaoudi, Soufian Azouaghe, Kanza AIT EL ARABI, Ikhlas Djamai, John Paul Wilson, Arca Adıgüzel, Halil Emre Kocalar, James Norton, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Kortnee Evans, Hu Chuan-Peng, ANABEL DE LA ROSA GOMEZ, Vladislav Ankushev, Natalia Bogatyreva, Dmitry Grigoryev, Aleksandr Ivanov, Irina Prusova, Marina Romanova, Irena Sarieva, Maria Terskova, Evgeniya Hristova, Allison Janak, Vidar Schei, Therese E Sverdrup, Adrian Dahl Askelund, W. Matthew Collins, Leanne Boucher, Nihal Ouherrou, Jana Schrötter, Ahmed Bokkour, Nicolas Say, Sladjana Sinkolova, Kristina Janjić, Dragana Stojanovska, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Ernest Baskin, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Barnaby Dixson, David Moreau, Clare Sutherland, Chris Noone, Michele Anne, Steve M. J. Janssen, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Shimrit Daches, Andree Hartanto, Milica Vdovic, Paul Forbes, Julia Kamburidis, Nikolay R. Rachev, Alina Stoyanova, Evelina Marinova, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan W Suchow, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Teodor Jernsäther, Jonas Olofsson, Olga Bialobrzeska, Magdalena Marszalek, Srinivasan Tatachari, Reza Afhami, Wilbert Law, Barbara Zuro, Natalia Van Doren, Jose Soto, Rachel A Searston, Jacob Francisco Miranda, Siu Kit Yeung, Dino Krupić, Bastian Jaeger, Dongning Ren, Gerit Pfuhl, Kristoffer Klevjer, Zahir Vally, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Martha Frías-Armenta, Marc Yancy Lucas, Adriana Olaya Torres, Mónica Toro, Diego Vega, Sara Álvarez Solas, Roosevelt Vilar, Sébastien Massoni, Cecilia Reyna, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Francesco Foroni, Merve A. Kurfali, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Anais Thibault Landry, Manuel S Ortiz, Martin Voracek, Maurice Grinberg, Jáchym Vintr, Lada Kaliska, Razieh Pourafshari, Sandra Jeanette Geiger, Julia Beitner, Anna Szala, Gulnaz Anjum, Claudia Christina von Bastian, Noga Cohen, Komila Kirgizova, Abdumalik Muminov, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Jeong Min Lee, Abdelilah CHARYATE, Asli Sacakli, Karley Richard, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Maksim Fedotov, Magdalena Wielgus, Sylwia Adamus, Débora Mola, Pablo Correa, Anabel Belaus, Fany Muchembled, Rafael Ramos Ribeiro, Nida Abbas, Martin Čadek, Johanna Messerschmidt, Adeyemi Adetula, Veselina Kadreva, Alexandre Bran, David C. Vaidis, Luc Vieira, Gabriel Lins Holanda Coelho, Cassie Marie Whitt, Alexa Mary Tullett, Xinkai Du, Leonhard Volz, Eylül Sarioguz, Max Korbmacher, Tiago Lima, Matheus Fernando Felix Ribeiro, Jeroen Verharen, Maria Karekla, Lisa M Jaremka, Daniel Storage, Anna Studzinska, Paul H. P. Hanel, Dawn Liu Holford, Miroslav Sirota, Kelly Wolfe, Faith Chiu, Andriana Theodoropoulou, El Rim Ahn, Yijun Lin, Erin Corwin Westgate, Gabriela Hofer, Kevin Vezirian, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Dafne Marko, Manyu Li, Nathan Torunsky, Mathi Manavalan, Xin Song, Radoslaw B. Walczak, Przemysław Zdybek, Anna Dalla Rosa, Luca Kozma, Sara Gouveia Alves, Rita Correia, Isabel Rocha Pinto, Peter Babincak, Gabriel Baník, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Jim Uttley, Julie Beshears, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Behzad Behzadnia, Maria Bradford, Shawn Geniole, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Johannes K Vilsmeier, Ulrich S. Tran, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Michael Craig Mensink, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Piotr Sorokowski, Theda Radtke, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Tatsunori Ishii, Aaron Lee Wichman, Jan Philipp Röer, Thomas Ostermann, William E. Davis, Lilian Suter, Ana Ferreira, Bamikole Bamikole Agesin, Kafeel Rana, Luis Eudave, Olatz Campos, Karolina Grzech, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Emily A. Jackson, William Jimenez-Leal, Valerija Krizanic, Elkin Oswaldo Luis Garcia, Shira Meir Drexler, Anita Penić Jurković, Eva Štrukelj, Maria Antoniadi, Kermeka Desai, Zoi Gialitaki, Elizaveta Kushnir, Khaoula Nadif, Olalla Niño Bravo, Rafia Nauman, Marlies Oosterlinck, Myrto Pantazi, Natalia Pilecka, Anna Szabelska, I M M van Steenkiste, Katarzyna Filip, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Minja Westerlund, Lina Ahlgren, Chunhui Wang, Neil L Levy, Jennifer L Beaudry, Lara Samojlenko, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Weilun Chou, Bence Palfi, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Maria Victoria Ortiz, Gabriela Czarnek, Marc Jones, Jana B. Berkessel, Aishwarya Iyer, Neha Parashar, Carsten Bundt, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Andrew G. Thomas, Franki Y. H. Kung, Busra Bahar Balci, Heather D Flowe, Marta Topor, Karen Yu, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Murathan Kurfalı, Jan Antfolk, Kaja Damnjanović, Karlijn Hoyer, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Laura Calderón Pérez, Grey Javela Delgado, Thomas Frizzo, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Anna Greenburgh, Minke Bosma, CEMRE KARAARSLAN, Tara Bulut Allred, Melissa Fay Colloff, Christiana Karashiali, Naoyuki Sunami, Sumaiya Habib, Widad Hassan, Hilmar Brohmer, Olivier Dujols, Gilad Feldman, Afroja Ahmed, Jasmijn Bosch, Hui Bai, Maja Friedemann, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Princess Lovella Gonzales Maturan, Lukasz Walasek, Vera Cubela Adoric, Joelle Carpentier, Jennifer Alana Joy-Gaba, Chelsea Zabel, Charles R. Ebersole, Christopher R. Chartier, Peter Robert Mallik, Heather L. Urry, Erin Michelle Buchanan, Nicholas Alvaro Coles, Maximilian Primbs, Dana Basnight-Brown, Hans IJzerman, Patrick S. Forscher, and Hannah Moshontz

Subjects
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Emotion
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy which modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries/regions (N = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vs. both control conditions) had consistent effects in reducing negative emotions and increasing positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world to build resilience during the pandemic and beyond.

Published
2020

28. Creative destruction in science

Author

Warren, Tierney, Jay, Hardy, Ebersole, Charles R., Keith, Leavitt, Domenico, Viganola, Elena Giulia Clemente, Michael, Gordon, Anna, Dreber, Magnus, Johannesson, Thomas, Pfeiffer, Eric Luis Uhlmann, Abraham, Ajay T., Matus, Adamkovic, Jais, Adam-Troian, Rahul, Anand, Arbeau, Kelly J., Awtrey, Eli C., Azar, Ofer H., Štěpán, Bahník, Gabriel, Baník, Ana Barbosa Mendes, Barger, Michael M., Ernest, Baskin, Jozef, Bavolar, Berkers, Ruud M. W. J., Randy, Besco, Michał, Białek, Bishop, Michael M., Helena, Bonache, Sabah, Boufkhed, Brandt, Mark J., Butterfield, Max E., Nick, Byrd, Caton, Neil R., Ceynar, Michelle L., Mike, Corcoran, Costello, Thomas H., Cramblet Alvarez, Leslie D., Jamie, Cummins, Curry, Oliver S., Daniels, David P., Daskalo, Lea L., Liora, Daum-Avital, Day, Martin V., Deeg, Matthew D., Dennehy, Tara C., Erik, Dietl, Eugen, Dimant, Artur, Domurat, Christilene du Plessis, Dmitrii, Dubrov, Elsherif, Mahmoud M., Yuval, Engel, Fellenz, Martin R., Field, Sarahanne M., Mustafa, Firat, Freitag, Raquel M. K., Enav, Friedmann, Omid, Ghasemi, Goldberg, Matthew H., Amélie, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Lorenz, Graf-Vlachy, Griffith, Jennifer A., Dmitry, Grigoryev, Sebastian, Hafenbrädl, David, Hagmann, Hales, Andrew H., Hyemin, Han, Harman, Jason L., Andree, Hartanto, Holding, Benjamin C., Astrid, Hopfensitz, Joachim, Hüffmeier, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Katarzyna, Idzikowska, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Bastian, Jaeger, Kristin, Jankowsky, Jarvis, Shoshana N., Nilotpal, Jha, David, Jimenez-Gomez, Daniel, Jolles, Bibiana, Jozefiakova, Pavol, Kačmár, Mariska, Kappmeier, Matthias, Kasper, Lucas, Keller, Viktorija, Knapic, Mikael, Knutsson, Olga, Kombeiz, Marta, Kowal, Goedele, Krekels, Tei, Laine, Daniel, Lakens, Bingjie, Li, Ronda F., Lo, Jonas, Ludwig, Marcus, James C., Marsh, Melvin S., Martinoli, Mario, Marcel, Martončik, Allison, Master, Masters-Waage, Theodore C., Lewend, Mayiwar, Jens, Mazei, Mccarthy, Randy J., Mccarthy, Gemma S., Stephanie, Mertens, Leticia, Micheli, Marta, Miklikowska, Talya, Miron-Shatz, Andres, Montealegre, David, Moreau, Carmen, Moret-Tatay, Marcello, Negrini, Newall, Philip W. S., Gustav, Nilsonne, Paweł, Niszczota, Nurit, Nobel, Aoife, O'Mahony, Orhan, Mehmet A., Deirdre, O'Shea, Oswald, Flora E., Miriam, Panning, Pantelis, Peter C., Mariola, Paruzel-Czachura, Mogens Jin Pedersen, Gordon, Pennycook, Ori, Plonsky, Vince, Polito, Price, Paul C., Primbs, Maximilian A., John, Protzko, Michael, Quayle, Rima-Maria, Rahal, Shahinoor Rahman, Md., Liz, Redford, Niv, Reggev, Reynolds, Caleb J., Marta, Roczniewska, Ivan, Ropovik, Ross, Robert M., Roulet, Thomas J., Andrea May Rowe, Silvia, Saccardo, Margaret, Samahita, Michael, Schaerer, Joyce Elena Schleu, Schuetze, Brendan A., Ulrike, Senftleben, Seri, Raffaello, Zeev, Shtudiner, Jack, Shuai, Ray, Sin, Varsha, Singh, Aneeha, Singh, Tatiana, Sokolova, Victoria, Song, Tom, Stafford, Natalia, Stanulewicz, Stevens, Samantha M., Eirik, Strømland, Samantha, Stronge, Sweeney, Kevin P., David, Tannenbaum, Tepper, Stephanie J., Kian Siong Tey, Hsuchi, Ting, Tingen, Ian W., Ana, Todorovic, Tse, Hannah M. Y., Tybur, Joshua M., Vineyard, Gerald H., Alisa, Voslinsky, Vranka, Marek A., Jonathan, Wai, Walker, Alexander C., Wallace, Laura E., Tianlin, Wang, Werz, Johanna M., Woike, Jan K., Wollbrant, Conny E., Wright, Joshua D., Sherry J., Wu, Qinyu, Xiao, Paolo Barretto Yaranon, Siu Kit Yeung, Sangsuk, Yoon, Karen, Yu, Meltem, Yucel, Psychometrics and Statistics, Human Technology Interaction, Department of Social Psychology, Entrepreneurship & Innovation (ABS, FEB), Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, Social Psychology, and IBBA

Subjects
Open science, Creative destruction, Theory testing, Transparency (market), SELF-ESTEEM, 050109 social psychology, Conceptual replication, Direct replication, MEASURING SOCIAL PREFERENCES, STATISTICAL POWER, Cultural diversity, Work-family conflict, Falsification, Gender discrimination, Applied Psychology, Work, Health and Performance, media_common, HYPOTHESIS, SDG 5 - Gender Equality, 05 social sciences, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Justice and Strong Institutions, Scholarship, Theory pruning Theory testing Direct replication Conceptual replication Falsification Hiring decisions Gender discrimination Work-family conflict Cultural differences Work values Protestant work ethic, Psychology, Theory pruning, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, SDG 16 - Peace, Work values, media_common.quotation_subject, Best practice, SDG 5 – Gendergelijkheid, BF, Replication, 0502 economics and business, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ATTITUDES, Positive economics, MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, Hiring decisions, Protestant work ethic, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, PUBLICATION, Morality, Cultural differences, REPLICABILITY, Explanatory power, 050203 business & management
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 228242.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Drawing on the concept of a gale of creative destruction in a capitalistic economy, we argue that initiatives to assess the robustness of findings in the organizational literature should aim to simultaneously test competing ideas operating in the same theoretical space. In other words, replication efforts should seek not just to support or question the original findings, but also to replace them with revised, stronger theories with greater explanatory power. Achieving this will typically require adding new measures, conditions, and subject populations to research designs, in order to carry out conceptual tests of multiple theories in addition to directly replicating the original findings. To illustrate the value of the creative destruction approach for theory pruning in organizational scholarship, we describe recent replication initiatives re-examining culture and work morality, working parents’ reasoning about day care options, and gender discrimination in hiring decisions. Significance statement It is becoming increasingly clear that many, if not most, published research findings across scientific fields are not readily replicable when the same method is repeated. Although extremely valuable, failed replications risk leaving a theoretical void - reducing confidence the original theoretical prediction is true, but not replacing it with positive evidence in favor of an alternative theory. We introduce the creative destruction approach to replication, which combines theory pruning methods from the field of management with emerging best practices from the open science movement, with the aim of making replications as generative as possible. In effect, we advocate for a Replication 2.0 movement in which the goal shifts from checking on the reliability of past findings to actively engaging in competitive theory testing and theory building. Scientific transparency statement The materials, code, and data for this article are posted publicly on the Open Science Framework, with links provided in the article. 19 p.

Published
2020

29. Factor structure and reliability of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form in Slovak adolescent sample

Author

Ivana Magáčová Žilková, Monika Kačmárová, Michaela Kravcová, Eva Hruščová, and Marcel Martončik

Subjects
05 social sciences, Primary education, 050109 social psychology, Sample (statistics), Factor structure, 050105 experimental psychology, language.human_language, Convergent validity, Scale (social sciences), Statistics, language, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Slovak, Career decision, Psychology, Construct (philosophy), General Psychology
Abstract

The Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale is a scale for measuring self-efficacy in the career decision-making process, and as such focuses on the process, rather than the content, of career decision-making. The aim of the study was to verify reliability and validity of the Slovak translation of the shortened version of the CDSE scale on a sample of 400 students finishing their primary education (13.86 years old on average). The reliability coefficient of the entire scale was sufficiently high (ωt = .92). Neither of the three a priori formulated models (one major factor, five correlated factors and five correlated factors forming one second-order factor) showed sufficient model fit. However, an exploratory analysis showed that the most plausible factor structure appears to be the one with 18 items loaded on one major factor. The convergent validity of the single-factor model was proved by the moderate relationship with general self-efficacy as a related construct. The results thus suggest that sparser 18-items Slovak translation may be suitable for measuring self-efficacy in the career decision-making process in the local environment.

Published
2018

31. Comments' influence on message credibility

Author

Marcel Martončik and Matus Adamkovic

Subjects
bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, other, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

In the present era full of hoaxes, conspiracies, and fake news, the credibility of information is a necessary and important attribute that internet media, and especially news publishers, strive to achieve. It is natural that readers evaluate the trustworthiness of information they read. According to the previous research, such an evaluation could be influenced by many cues, for example, the presence of discussion comments, likes or shares. In the present article, we examine how different type of comments (emotional/factual content, supportive/contradicting content, low/high number of likes) could influence the credibility of the associated information. The research sample consisted of 924 participants from Slovakia. Using a path analysis and MANCOVA, none of the experimental conditions had a substantial effect on the perceived message credibility. The obtained results contradict the existing empirical evidence. One of the explanations of the null results might dwell in the underpowered design of the existing studies. Many of them have low sensitivity to detect even medium effects or are absenting any form of corrections of the family-wise error rate.

Published
2019

32. Do World of Warcraft (MMORPG) players experience less loneliness and social anxiety in online world (virtual environment) than in real world (offline)?

Author

Ján Lokša and Marcel Martončik

Subjects
Social Phobia Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Social anxiety, Fictional universe, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Social environment, 050801 communication & media studies, 050109 social psychology, Loneliness, Human-Computer Interaction, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Friendship, 0508 media and communications, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Set (psychology), Social psychology, General Psychology, media_common
Abstract

The number of online game players continues to grow, as well as the number of hours spent in online world. World of Warcraft (WoW) is one of the most popular Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG). It is set in an elaborate fictional world, in which players achieve goals through interaction and mutual communication. The present study verified differences in experiencing loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and social anxiety (Social Phobia Inventory) in WoW players in online and real world (offline) since these two worlds and the functioning of the players in them differ. In the sample consisting of 161 players, it was found that players experience a significantly lower degree of loneliness and social anxiety in online than in real world. The lower degree of loneliness experienced was also associated with playing with friends and known people, with guild membership, as well as frequent communication with teammates through VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) services. The results suggest that WoW is a highly social environment that encourages cooperation, communication and friendship. WoW players experience online less social anxiety than in real world.WoW players experience online less loneliness than in real world.Guild members experience less loneliness online than not members of a guild.Players communicating with others more frequently experience less loneliness online.Playing with a known people is associated with experience of less loneliness.

Published
2016

33. e-Sports: Playing just for fun or playing to satisfy life goals?

Author

Marcel Martončik

Subjects
Non-cooperative game, Casual, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Belongingness, Computer game, Human-Computer Interaction, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Complete information, Need for power, LAN party, Game Developer, Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology
Abstract

Clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from not members of any clan.e-Sports players differed from casual players in life goals affiliation and diversion.e-Sports - a means of satisfying the need to belong through (teams, LAN parties).e-Sports - a means of satisfying the need for power(position of a game team leader). Purposee-Sports is an area of the game scene, in which computer game players specialize in a specific game, form game teams (clans), compete together in tournaments and meet at so-called LAN (Local Area Network) parties. The objective of this study was to compare the different types of e-Sports players from the perspective of their personality traits and explicit motives and to compare e-Sports players with casual players in selected life goals. MethodsA questionnaire assessing life goals (Pohlmann & Brunstein, 1997) and basic personality traits (Personality inventory KUD, 1986) were administered to 108 e-Sports players and 54 casual computer game players. ResultsIn the group of e-Sports players, only clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from those who were not members of any clan. Significant differences were also found between e-Sports players and casual players in terms of life goals affiliation and diversion. Conclusionse-Sports seem not only to be about playing computer games, but can also serve as a means of satisfying the need to belong. They do this by creating friendly relationships through membership in game teams and participation in LAN parties, or satisfying the need for power by upholding a position of a game team leader and determining its course of action.

Published
2015

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