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The Mycenaean adjective wo-ra-we-sa refers to a chariot, but its meaning is not readily inferable form the context and its etymology is still disputed. The present paper examines the different hypotheses brought forward to explain wo-ra, of which wo-ra-we-sa is a derivative in *-u̯ent-, and it offers a new solution for its etymology. It argues that wo-ra is a feminine ā -stem action noun meaning “the twisted, braided, or plaited thing” which goes back either to *u̯ol(h1)-eh2- or to *u̯ṓ l(h1)-eh2-, from the root *u̯el(h1)- ‘to turn, wallow, roll’. Formally and semantically wo-ra may be shown to share the same root as alphabetic Greek εὐλή ‘maggot, caterpillar’ and Homeric εὔληρα ‘reins’ (Il. 23.481), being either a feminine action noun in the o-grade (/wolā /) built directly to the verbal root *u̯el(h1)- or a lengthened ō -grade (/wō lā /). Crucially, the ideogram *253 which follows [wo-]ra and wo-ra-e looks like a bosal, a type of noseband which is part of a bridle without bit. That being so, wo-ra-we-sa /wō̆lā wessa/ would mean ‘provided or fitted with a (braided or laced) bridle’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-standing consensus among Mycenaean scholars is that a-re-ja, an epithet of Hermes in the Pylos tablet Tn 316, must be somehow related to Ares, the war god. Hermes Areiās would be either a derivative in *-ās of Ares or, according to a recent suggestion, an abbreviated compound in the first member of which Ares would figure. The present paper argues for a different solution, taking a-re-ja (dat.) /alei...āi/ as an apposed noun epithet of the root *h2le... - 'to ward off'. Nouns in apposition to divine names are not uncommon in 1st millennium Greek (type Artemis Εὐλοχία 'Good Delivery'), and Hermes Aleia '(active) Protection' or 'Defense' fits neatly with Hermes' character as a helping deity and a god of boundaries, as shown both in the myths related to him and in several of his epicleses in alphabetic Greek. Aleiă is best taken as a feminine verbal derivative in *-ih2: this type is the source of other action nouns that are either personified or have a religious background, such as αἶσα 'destiny' and μοῖρα 'fate'. Furthermore, Aleia can be viewed as an independent testimony of the *-......- > *-......- development in Mycenaean (type i-je-re-ja 'priestess'). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]