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The evolution of the Internet amidst a rapidly growing global economy has created a completely new environment in which traditional crime prospers. Equally the convergence of computing and communication has changed the way we live, communicate and commit crime. Cybercriminals in Nigeria commonly known as ‘419 scammers’; a word coined from the Nigerian criminal code that penalises people from obtaining money under false pretence cost the Nigerian consumer $13.5 billion dollars in losses in 2012 (Clarke in European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 10: 55–63, 2004; Sesan et al. in Economic Cost of Cybercrime in Nigeria, 2013; Grabosky in Social and Legal Studies 10: 243–249, 2001). Previous studies have focused on the causes and effects of cybercrime in Nigeria (Hassan et al. in ARPN Journal of Science and Technology 2: 626–631, 2012; Adesina in Canadian Social Science 13: 19–29, 2017); laws penalising against misuse of computer (Olusola et al. in The International Journal of Engineering and Science 2: 19–25, 2013; Saulawa and Abubakar in Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization 32: 23–33, 2014) and have focused relatively on financial cost and socio-economic effects of cybercrime (WITFOR in Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects, 2005; Sesan et al. 2012). Even though some studies have tried to explore cybercrime from the perspective of law enforcement Agencies in the UAE and Jordan (Maghaireh in Jordanian Cybercrime Investigations: A Comparative Analysis of Search for and Seizure of Digital Evidence, 2009; Alkaabi in Combating Computer Crime: An International Perspective, 2010), none has been done holistically from the view of law enforcement and members of the Cybercrime Advisory Council in Nigeria. Adopting a classical criminological framework of Routine Activity Theory (RAT), this research examined particularly cyber-enabled crime of advance fee fraud in Nigeria within the scope RAT which argued that for crime to take place, three requirements must be present namely; a motivated offender, a suitable target and an absence of a capable guardian. The research examined the factors that motivate an offender and what elements make a target (i.e. victim or computer) suitable for a crime. In the process, it considers the suitability of law enforcement officers and some members of the Cybercrime Advisory Council (CAC) as capable guardians and what factors limits their capabilities in mitigating the activities of cyber criminals. The research has been framed on an interpretivist paradigm and relativist philosophical stand, with focus on an inductive qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews and documentation. These involved policy makers, members of parliament, telecommunications and ICT regulators on one hand; and investigators, prosecutors, forensic analyst and media practitioners particularly from the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), which is a leading law enforcement agency in the fight against cybercrime. The multi-dimensional evidence explains the role played by each of the stakeholders, the measures and partnership deployed in tackling cybercrime, and the challenges and recommendations needed in the international effort to tackle cybercrime globally. Findings suggest that the proliferation and lack of effective policing of the internet enabled by the greed of individuals and lack of enforcement and collaboration of relevant stakeholders have led to financial losses to victims. The findings further show how lack of proper education and awareness of individuals, and adequate training and provision of tools for law enforcement officers contributes to the high prevalence of cybercrime in Nigeria. Evidence is provided that documents the way members of the Cybercrime Advisory Council and especially the EFCC have attempted to overcome these challenges through partnership, capacity building and enforcement of relevant laws and policies aimed at addressing the issue of cybercrime in Nigeria. The finding equally extends the criminological understanding of deviant behaviours and furthers the current discussion on the role of law enforcement in policing the Internet.\ud Previous studies have focused on the causes and effects of cybercrime in Nigeria (Hassan et al., 2012; Adesina, 2017); laws penalising against misuse of computer (Olusola et. al., 2013b; Saulawa & Abubakar, 2014) and have focused relatively on financial cost and socio-economic effects of cybercrime (WITFOR, 2005; Sesan et. al., 2012). Even though some studies have tried to explore cybercrime from the perspective of law enforcement Agencies in the UAE and Jordan (Maghairah, 2009; Alkaabi, 2010), none has been done holistically from the view of law enforcement and members of the Cybercrime Advisory Council in Nigeria.\ud \ud Adopting a classical criminological framework of Routine Activity Theory (RAT), this research examined particularly cyber-enabled crime of advance fee fraud in Nigeria within the scope RAT which argued that for crime to take place, three requirements must be present namely; a motivated offender, a suitable target and an absence of a capable guardian. The research examined the factors that motivate an offender and what elements make a target (i.e. victim or computer) suitable for a crime. In the process, it considers the suitability of law enforcement officers and some members of the Cybercrime Advisory Council (CAC) as capable guardians and what factors limits their capabilities in mitigating the activities of cyber criminals.\ud \ud The research has been framed on an interpretivist paradigm and relativist philosophical stand, with focus on an inductive qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews and documentation. These involved policy makers, members of parliament, telecommunications and ICT regulators on one hand; and investigators, prosecutors, forensic analyst and media practitioners particularly from the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), which is a leading law enforcement agency in the fight against cybercrime. The multi-dimensional evidence explains the role played by each of the stakeholders, the measures and partnership deployed in tackling cybercrime, and the challenges and recommendations needed in the international effort to tackle cybercrime globally.\ud \ud Findings suggest that the proliferation and lack of effective policing of the internet enabled by the greed of individuals and lack of enforcement and collaboration of relevant stakeholders have led to financial losses to victims. The findings further show how lack of proper education and awareness of individuals, and adequate training and provision of tools for law enforcement officers contributes to the high prevalence of cybercrime in Nigeria. \ud \ud Evidence is provided that documents the way members of the Cybercrime Advisory Council and especially the EFCC have attempted to overcome these challenges through partnership, capacity building and enforcement of relevant laws and policies aimed at addressing the issue of cybercrime in Nigeria. The finding equally extends the criminological understanding of deviant behaviors and furthers the current discussion on the role of law enforcement in policing the Internet.

To attract a generation of workers and consumers who have never known a world without Wi-Fi, smartphones, or social media, organizations increasingly have no choice but to incorporate digital technology into every aspect of their operations and processes. The leaders of Hydro-X, a privately owned British enterprise, met the challenge of digital transformation by forming a knowledge exchange partnership with a local university and applying two business models to assess the current state of digital maturity at the firm and map out a strategy to improve it. Their experiences reflect the HINGE project planning methodology: Horizon scanning to evaluate the competition, Internal auditing, New model creation, Gap analysis, and Evaluation of options to determine next steps. As a result of their efforts, Hydro-X fostered an intrapreneurial spirit among its staff and refined its e-commerce platform to digitally target key audiences in order to tap into a new source of revenue.

Emerging technologies are having a profound impact upon business as individuals and organisations increasingly embrace the benefits of the ‘always on’ attitude that digital technologies produce. The use of the web, apps, cloud storage, GPS and Internet-connected devices has transformed the way we live, learn, play and interact – yet how a business can fully benefit from this transformation is not always clear. In response, this book enables students and business leaders to take a strategic and sustainable approach to realising the value of digital technologies. It offers results-driven solutions that successfully transform organisations into data-driven, people-focused businesses capable of sustainably competing at a global level. Split across four key parts, the material moves through understanding digital business to planning, implementing and assessing digital transformation. The current challenges facing all small organisations, including limited resources, financial pressures and the lack of dedicated IT departments, are explored. The authors consider the ways in which innovation can increase competitive advantage, how innovative business models can create new opportunities and how a data-driven perspective can release embedded value within the organisation. Contemporary international case studies and examples throughout each chapter bridge theory with practical application and systematically document the patterns of activities that enable success. This textbook is a vital resource for postgraduate and undergraduate students of digital business, innovation and transformation. By showing how to initiate digital transformation across an organisation, it will prepare business owners, directors and management of small- and medium-sized businesses to take strategic advantage of new and emerging technologies to stay ahead of their competition.

External innovation and the ability to internalise stimulus is a key driver for change and transformation within organisations. The proliferation of consumer digital technologies, connectivity, GPS, cheap mobile devices and increasingly demanding consumers has created the opportunities and rationale for transformation. Competitor analysis is nothing new and has always been an important aspect of conducting business. Learning how to improve by observing the practice of others and avoiding the pitfalls experienced by competitors is as old as business itself. The purpose of conducting a strategic competitor analysis is to internalise the external stimulus that is found in the Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) world. The need for an organisation to be permeable to external stimulus is an essential prerequisite for successful competitor analysis. The braided river is a thinking device used to describe the VUCA world which is full of competitors in ways that can be meaningful shared with an internal audience.

In order to successfully introduce strategic transformation into an organisation, a structured and systematic approach to organisational change is required. The HINGE planning model for digital transformation is developed from the collective experience obtained through a range of digital transformation projects and decades of working with technology startups and evolving small- and medium-sized enterprises. The advantage of HINGE is that the monolithic problem-solving can be broken down into smaller constituent parts and produce a larger number of HINGE cycles that can be potentially realised in parallel as well as producing more immediate quick wins across the organization. Digital transformation is essentially firstly a people challenge–it requires that people are on board with the need to change. Communicating this need to change will be based around a combination of push and pull factors that are specific to each organization.

This chapter presents a simple model to understand an organisation’s digital maturity. Digital maturity has been assigned a variety of meanings and is represented in many different ways. This is particularly true of the consulting firms such as McKinsey, Deloitte and Gartner who all offer varying digital business maturity models. The potential for confusion is enormous. The Digital Business Maturity Model is primarily intended to be used as a quick gauge of the current state of technology adoption and transformation within an organisation. At first glance, the model is simple, but despite this simplicity it provides a useful starting point from which to develop complex levels of strategic thinking and planning. A systems-oriented approach to strategic digital transformation points to the need for all functions of an organisation to be operating symbiotically to reach higher shared levels of maturity.

Futures research has lived up to Wells’ prediction by becoming a legitimate scholarly discipline. In this paper, we explore the role of science fiction in creating prototypes of imagined and better futures evident in these narratives even when they are distinct from the futures they predict. We explore the contributions and warnings of utopian and dystopian stories to the development and the specific realisation of future business visions. By drawing on Mannermaa's framework, a selection of science fiction writings, and the description of sources for innovations, we are able to examine the impact of prototyping on business management. Within this paper we describe scenarios as the mechanisms that test strategic direction while the prototype offers a mechanism for the analysis of business vision. We explore the synergy that exists between creative fiction authors and futurologists, discussing the predictive elements and the source of inspirations for innovators. We argue that while business futurologists appear to offer pedestrian “predictions” and future models, the most impact is achieved with views of the future that are presented as prototypical stories; stories that plant a seed that germinates and comes to fruition in a more distant future.

Facilitating global learning for students of nursing presents unique challenges. In this paper, the authors describe a study abroad/away program for faculty and students. This experience is part of the students’ plan of study within their 4-year curriculum. The infrastructures needed to initiate the program and lay the foundation for building, implementing, and maintaining the experiences are defined. Students’ blogs are shared in order to illustrate caring nursing practice. Projected plans for future activities and the evaluative dimension are discussed.