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Children with acute leukaemia (AL) are a high-risk population for infections and life-threatening conditions requiring paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, presenting an increased mortality rate. A few literature exists about PICU outcomes in this kind of patients, especially with haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) background. We investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these patients as well as their outcomes. A retrospective, single-centre analytical/observational study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2018 in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital. AL patients from 28 days to 18 years old admitted to the PICU were included, excluding those with histories of HSCT or CAR T-cell therapy. We collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory and microbiology results and outcomes. Forty-three patients with AL required urgent admission (35 lymphoblastic and 8 myeloblastic) for 63 different episodes. The main reasons were sepsis (21, 33.3%), hyperleukocytosis (12, 19%), respiratory failure (11, 17.5%) and seizures (8, 12.7%). Nineteen (30.2%) required inotropic support, and fifteen (23.8%) required mechanical ventilation. Three patients died at the hospital (3/43, 6.9%). Sixty-day mortality was 9.3%, and 1-year mortality was 13.9%. There was no differences regarding the type of AL and 60-day mortality (log-rank 2.652, p = 0.103). Conclusion: In our study, the main cause of admission for AL patients was infection, which was associated to more severity and longer hospital admission.

One previous study recommended oral and outpatient management for those infants aged 60–90 days with urinary tract infection (UTI) meeting the low-risk criteria identified: to be well-appearing and to have a procalcitonin value of

One previous study recommended oral and outpatient management for those infants aged 60-90 days with urinary tract infection (UTI) meeting the low-risk criteria identified: to be well-appearing and to have a procalcitonin value of < 0.7 ng/mL. A retrospective study was conducted, including infants aged 29 to 90 days with UTI from 2014 to 2019, to validate these low-risk criteria identified and determine the adherence to the new algorithm for managing these patients at the Emergency Department. Two hundred one patients were included; 105 (52.2%) were aged 60 to 90 days. Twelve (6%, 95% CI 3.4-10.1%) had bacteremia. One hundred thirty-six (67.7%) infants met low-risk criteria; none had a positive blood culture (0%, 95% CI 0-2.7%). Overall protocol adherence was 90.6%. One hundred and forty-four (71.6%) infants were admitted to the hospital; all patients meeting high-risk criteria were hospitalized. Among the 57 (28.4%) infants initially sent home, 4 (7.0%) required later hospital admission.Conclusions: A prediction rule including general appearance and procalcitonin is highly accurate in identifying young infants with UTI at low risk for bacteremia. Outpatient management with appropriate follow-up is safe for these infants. What is Known: • Patients under 2-3 months of age with a presumptive urinary tract infection (UTI) are commonly hospitalized because of concerns regarding concomitant bacteremia. What is New: • A prediction rule including general appearance and procalcitonin is highly accurate in identifying young infants with UTI at low risk for bacteremia. Outpatient management with appropriate follow-up is safe for these infants.

Children with acute leukaemia (AL) are a high-risk population for infections and life-threatening conditions requiring paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, presenting an increased mortality rate. A few literature exists about PICU outcomes in this kind of patients, especially with haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) background. We investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these patients as well as their outcomes. A retrospective, single-centre analytical/observational study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2018 in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital. AL patients from 28 days to 18 years old admitted to the PICU were included, excluding those with histories of HSCT or CAR T-cell therapy. We collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory and microbiology results and outcomes. Forty-three patients with AL required urgent admission (35 lymphoblastic and 8 myeloblastic) for 63 different episodes. The main reasons were sepsis (21, 33.3%), hyperleukocytosis (12, 19%), respiratory failure (11, 17.5%) and seizures (8, 12.7%). Nineteen (30.2%) required inotropic support, and fifteen (23.8%) required mechanical ventilation. Three patients died at the hospital (3/43, 6.9%). Sixty-day mortality was 9.3%, and 1-year mortality was 13.9%. There was no differences regarding the type of AL and 60-day mortality (log-rank 2.652, p = 0.103).Conclusion: In our study, the main cause of admission for AL patients was infection, which was associated to more severity and longer hospital admission. What is Known: • Acute leukaemia is the most common childhood cancer. Admission to a paediatric intensive care unit is required in 30% of children with acute leukaemia. • Regarding the outcomes of children with acute leukaemia that require admission to the intensive care unit data are scarce. What is New: • Mortality in acute leukaemia patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit is lower than that of patients with a history of stem cell therapy but higher than that of patients with solid tumours. • The main reason for admission was sepsis, which is related in literature to more severity and long length of stay.

En el presente trabajo se llevó acabo la síntesis de los catalizadores rodio/γ-alúmina con cerio, rodio/γ- alúmina con neodimio y rodio/γ-alúmina con praseodimio (con 1 y 10 % en peso de tierra rara), para ser usados en Reacción de Deshidrogenación del Metano La γ-alúmina fue impregnada desde la fase Boehmita con tierras raras con el objetivo de aumentar las interacciones entre las diferentes especies en el catalizador y de esta manera mejorar la estabilidad térmica, la actividad catalítica e inhibir la formación de especies carbonaceas. Los catalizadores fueron caracterizados por: adsorción de N2 para la obtención del área específica por método BET y por difracción de rayos-X, análisis a temperatura programada TPR-H2 y TPD-H2 y por Infrarrojo FTIR de la Adsorción de CO. Las pruebas catalíticas de la Reacción de Deshidrogenación del Metano se llevaron a cabo de 400 a 700 °C en intervalos de temperatura de 100 °C, y de 50 °C el último intervalo hasta 750 °C. La reacción se llevó a cabo en un reactor de cuarzo de lecho fijo con una cantidad del catalizador Rh/ACe1 (0.05 g). En la primera etapa se analizó el efecto de las velocidades espaciales sobre la reacción, donde se alimentaron relaciones de CH₄/N₂ de 37/73, 10/90 y 5/95, empleando un cromatógrafo de gases Shimadzu GC-2014 para detectar los gases de salida del reactor. Una vez obtenida la mejor relación de CH₄/N₂ (5/95), se procedió a llevar a cabo la reacción con los demás catalizadores. En una segunda etapa se procedió a realizar la Reacción de deshidrogenación de CH4 (2.0 mL/min) en ausencia de N₂, en este caso el nitrógeno solo se empleó para dar un pretratamiento al catalizador a temperatura ambiente por 15 minutos para activar el sistema. El resultado obtenido fue una alta producción de H₂ con los catalizadores de Rh/ANd10 y Rh/ACe1 de 75 y 73 % respectivamente. A los catalizadores que mostraron la mejor producción de H2 (Rh/ACe1 y Rh/ANd10) se les realizó una prueba de estabilidad a la temperatura a la cual se obtuvo la mayor producción de hidrógeno (700 °C) durante 10 horas. Finalmente se realizaron análisis de SEM y Contraste Z a los catalizadores Rh/ACe1 y Rh/ANd10 usados y después de 10 horas de reacción a 700 °C.

Children with acute leukaemia (AL) are a high-risk population for infections and life-threatening conditions requiring paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, presenting an increased mortality rate. A few literature exists about PICU outcomes in this kind of patients, especially with haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) background. We investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these patients as well as their outcomes. A retrospective, single-centre analytical/observational study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2018 in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital. AL patients from 28 days to 18 years old admitted to the PICU were included, excluding those with histories of HSCT or CAR T-cell therapy. We collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory and microbiology results and outcomes. Forty-three patients with AL required urgent admission (35 lymphoblastic and 8 myeloblastic) for 63 different episodes. The main reasons were sepsis (21, 33.3%), hyperleukocytosis (12, 19%), respiratory failure (11, 17.5%) and seizures (8, 12.7%). Nineteen (30.2%) required inotropic support, and fifteen (23.8%) required mechanical ventilation. Three patients died at the hospital (3/43, 6.9%). Sixty-day mortality was 9.3%, and 1-year mortality was 13.9%. There was no differences regarding the type of AL and 60-day mortality (log-rank 2.652, p = 0.103).Conclusion: In our study, the main cause of admission for AL patients was infection, which was associated to more severity and longer hospital admission. What is Known: • Acute leukaemia is the most common childhood cancer. Admission to a paediatric intensive care unit is required in 30% of children with acute leukaemia. • Regarding the outcomes of children with acute leukaemia that require admission to the intensive care unit data are scarce. What is New: • Mortality in acute leukaemia patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit is lower than that of patients with a history of stem cell therapy but higher than that of patients with solid tumours. • The main reason for admission was sepsis, which is related in literature to more severity and long length of stay.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor. Four molecular subgroups have been described (WNT, SHH, group3, group4), which are associated with a different biological profile, prognosis, specific MRI characteristics and patterns of metastatic dissemination. We aimed to determine the imaging features of the metastatic MB and its molecular subgroup and their outcomes. Retrospective single-center analytic-observational study conducted from January 2004-January 2022 in a tertiary-care center. Pediatric patients with metastatic medulloblastoma at disease onset were included. We collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment received, and outcomes. The molecular subgroup was determined by its methylation profile. MRI were reviewed by the neuroradiologist. Sixty-three patients were diagnosed, 17 (26.9%) were metastatic. The median age at diagnosis was 5.1 years (range 2.1-17.5 years), 58.8% were male. According to histopathologic classification, fifteen patients (93.8%) were classic,1 (6.3%) desmoplastic. Molecular subgroup analysis showed 2 WNT (12.5%), 1 SHH (6.3%), 3 (18.8%) group 3 (G3) and 5 (31.2%) group 4 (G4). Four patients (25%) were classified as G3/G4 and 1 (6.3%) as mixed. Five patients (29.4%) were M2 and 12 patients (70.6%) were M3 according to Chang staging system. The location in the cerebellar hemispheres was only observed in SHH patient while G3 tumors presented homogeneous contrast enhancement. All WNT, G3 and G4 were located in IV ventricle. We found no association between molecular subgroup and metastatic site (intracranial vs spinal, Fisher test, p=0.45). All patients presented with metastasis in the third ventricular infundibular recess were G4. Four patients died, all of them were G3 or G3/G4. Our results supported the literature previously reported. According to the MRI imaging features, the molecular medulloblastoma subgroups could be suggested. The presence of metastasis in the infundibular recess suggested MB group 4. However, the dissemination pattern could not be associated with any subgroup in our series.

One previous study recommended oral and outpatient management for those infants aged 60-90 days with urinary tract infection (UTI) meeting the low-risk criteria identified: to be well-appearing and to have a procalcitonin value of 0.7 ng/mL. A retrospective study was conducted, including infants aged 29 to 90 days with UTI from 2014 to 2019, to validate these low-risk criteria identified and determine the adherence to the new algorithm for managing these patients at the Emergency Department. Two hundred one patients were included; 105 (52.2%) were aged 60 to 90 days. Twelve (6%, 95% CI 3.4-10.1%) had bacteremia. One hundred thirty-six (67.7%) infants met low-risk criteria; none had a positive blood culture (0%, 95% CI 0-2.7%). Overall protocol adherence was 90.6%. One hundred and forty-four (71.6%) infants were admitted to the hospital; all patients meeting high-risk criteria were hospitalized. Among the 57 (28.4%) infants initially sent home, 4 (7.0%) required later hospital admission.Conclusions: A prediction rule including general appearance and procalcitonin is highly accurate in identifying young infants with UTI at low risk for bacteremia. Outpatient management with appropriate follow-up is safe for these infants. What is Known: • Patients under 2-3 months of age with a presumptive urinary tract infection (UTI) are commonly hospitalized because of concerns regarding concomitant bacteremia. What is New: • A prediction rule including general appearance and procalcitonin is highly accurate in identifying young infants with UTI at low risk for bacteremia. Outpatient management with appropriate follow-up is safe for these infants.

An experimental strategy was developed to obtain ( $$\hbox {Si}_{1-x}\hbox {Ti}_{x})\hbox {O}_{\mathrm {2}}$$ ( $$x \le 0.25$$ ) porous materials via the sol–gel hydrothermal process. The sol was prepared from Si(OEt) $$_{\mathrm {4}}$$ (TEOS), Ti(OBu) $$_{\mathrm {4}}$$ (OBu: $$\hbox {OCH}_{\mathrm {2}}\hbox {CH}_{\mathrm {2}}\hbox {CH}_{\mathrm {2}}\hbox {CH}_{\mathrm {3}})$$ , anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and nitric acid. The reagents were mixed at room temperature (293 K) to obtain a homogeneous colourless liquid which was subjected to a hydrothermal process at 473 K using a stainless steel container. Finally, the material obtained was treated at 873 K in air. The surface area of the treated solids was determined by $$\hbox {N}_{\mathrm {2}}$$ adsorption/desorption isotherms. The corresponding average pore diameter was evaluated using the Barret, Joiner and Halenda and Horvath-Kawazoe methods. Porous structures were obtained, in which the average pore diameter of the microporous ones was 1.4 nm. The characterization techniques employed were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Si–O–Ti bonds were detected by FTIR.

Background Chromosome abnormalities are a frequent finding in prenatal invasive testing for fetal malformations and/or growth retardation. Case presentation We present a case of low level (8%) mosaic trisomy 15 detected on amniocentesis after fetal heart anomalies and IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation) were found on routine scan. Postnatal karyotype confirmed a very low level (2%) mosaicism in the skin but not in blood lymphocytes or in the urine. Methylation specific testing of chromosome 15 showed maternal uniparental disomy and consequently the newborn was diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Conclusions This case illustrates the need of further genetic testing in all trisomy 15 mosaicisms detected in prenatal invasive testing in order to screen for PWS, a more frequent entity than trisomy 15, altogether providing appropriate genetic counseling and adequate clinical management. The recommendation is applicable to prenatally detected mosaic trisomies of other chromosomes carrying imprinted genes, such as 7, 11 and 14.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la descomposición catalítica de metano utilizando catalizadores de M/J-Al2O3 (A) y M/J-Al2O3-Nd2O3 (ANd) para producir hidrógeno, donde (M=Rh y Pt). Todos los óxidos mixtos J-Al2O3-Nd2O3 y los catalizadores M/J-Al2O3-Nd2O3 se sintetizaron por impregnación húmeda utilizando Nd(NO3)36H2O, RhCl33H2O y H2PtCl6.6H2O como sales precursoras. Las concentraciones para los catalizadores fueron de 1 % en peso para M, y para Nd 1 y 10 % en peso. La reacción se llevó a cabo de 400 a 750 ° C. Todos los catalizadores redujeron la temperatura de descomposición del metano de 400- 750 ° C con respecto a la descomposición térmica no catalítica, la cual se lleva a cabo aproximadamente a 1300 °C. Los catalizadores de rodio mostraron alta actividad y selectividad a 700 °C, con conversiones alrededor del 74-79% vol. La actividad por sitio (TOF) fue mayor en los catalizadores con el tamaño de las partículas de Rh ≥ 2.1 nm. El catalizador Rh con una concentración de neodimio al 10% en peso fue altamente selectivo para hidrógeno, (100%). Este comportamiento se explicó por la mayor interacción entre el Rh y el soporte J-Al2O3- Nd2O3. Los catalizadores RhA y RhANd con 1% en peso de Nd mostraron selectividades de 89 y 65% a 700 °C respectivamente y productos de etano y etileno; estos productos provinieron de la movilidad de las especies CHx en la superficie del Rh durante la reacción, el carbón producido se depositó principalmente sobre el soporte. Mientras que los catalizadores de Pt soportados sobre γ-alúmina-dopada con neodimio exhibieron mayor actividad que el Pt soportado solo sobre alúmina. Todos los catalizadores mostraron alta actividad y selectividad a 750 ° C, con conversiones alrededor del 57-80% Vol. y producciones de hidrógeno de más de 20,000, 15,000 y 14,000 ppm para PtANd10, PtANd1 y PtA respectivamente, también se observaron en la salida de la corriente de metano no convertido, pequeñas cantidades de C2H4 y C2H6 (menos del 1%). La última etapa del trabajo incluye un estudio cinético del rompimiento del metano, para este propósito se realizaron dos experimentos, el primero consistió en variar la cantidad de catalizador (25, 50, 75 y 100 mg), manteniendo el flujo de alimentación constante (2 ml/min), en el segundo experimento se varió el flujo del metano (2, 4, 6 y 8 ml/min), manteniendo la masa del catalizador constante (50 mg). La energía de activación de la descomposición del metano se estimó en 39.2, 40.4 y 38.9 kJ/mol para los catalizadores RhA, RhANd1 y RhANd10, respectivamente y 35.5, 37.9 y 33 kJ/mol para los catalizadores PtA, PtANd1 y PtANd10, respectivamente. La caracterización se realizó mediante DRX (XRD, por sus siglas en inglés), adsorción-desorción de N2, MET (TEM, por sus siglas en inglés), MEB (SEM, por sus siglas en inglés), RTP-H2 (TPR- H2, por sus siglas en inglés), IRTF de CO (FT-IR of CO, por sus siglas en inglés), IRTF de Piridina (FT-IR of pyridine, por sus siglas en inglés), EFRX (XPS, por sus siglas en inglés), METAR (HRTEM, por sus siglas en inglés) y análisis de OTP (TPO, por sus siglas en inglés) después de la reacción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la influencia del neodimio en los catalizadores Rh y Pt soportados en γ-Al2O3 dopados con Nd2O3 en la actividad, selectividad y estabilidad para la descomposición de CH4. Dos concentraciones de Nd (1 y 10% en peso) en los catalizadores Rh y Pt se evaluaron en la descomposición de CH4 para producir hidrógeno.