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The authors evaluated the data of 228 children (age 3.2 to 18 years) with overweight and obesity, who have been subject to complex examination and further followed in the obesity research outpatients', Children Policlinic, Teaching Hospital Motol and 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague. Based on a unified protocol and under a team collaboration the authors performed a cognitive-behavior therapy with the patient and the whole family. The psychosocial problems were evaluated as well as the general health state of the children in relation to the severity of obesity and the reached results in body mass reduction. Only 29% of the observed children were in an agreeable state ofmind, 32% of children expressed signs of ADHD syndrome and specific learning disorders, 29% of children displayed signs of uncertainty or even anxiety. Health complications occurred in 37.5% of children with first grade obesity, 47.2% of children had already the obesity associated with complex metabolic changes, which has to be treated. The evaluation of body mass reduction was assessed in connection with a natural decrease in the patients during the period of observation. In children observed for the period of two years it has become possible to decrease body may by -0.8 SD BMI on the average. The results made it clear that prevention is the simplest and most efficient therapy of children obesity. However, it is necessary to evaluated the health risk of developing obesity in time together with the observation within the framework of the concept of children obesity research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models). However, a large collection of anatomical shapes (e.g., bones, organs, vessels) and 3D models of surgical instruments is missing., Methods: We present MedShapeNet to translate data-driven vision algorithms to medical applications and to adapt state-of-the-art vision algorithms to medical problems. As a unique feature, we directly model the majority of shapes on the imaging data of real patients. We present use cases in classifying brain tumors, skull reconstructions, multi-class anatomy completion, education, and 3D printing., Results: By now, MedShapeNet includes 23 datasets with more than 100,000 shapes that are paired with annotations (ground truth). Our data is freely accessible via a web interface and a Python application programming interface and can be used for discriminative, reconstructive, and variational benchmarks as well as various applications in virtual, augmented, or mixed reality, and 3D printing., Conclusions: MedShapeNet contains medical shapes from anatomy and surgical instruments and will continue to collect data for benchmarks and applications. The project page is: https://medshapenet.ikim.nrw/., (© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

Interactive segmentation is a crucial research area in medical image analysis aiming to boost the efficiency of costly annotations by incorporating human feedback. This feedback takes the form of clicks, scribbles, or masks and allows for iterative refinement of the model output so as to efficiently guide the system towards the desired behavior. In recent years, deep learning-based approaches have propelled results to a new level causing a rapid growth in the field with 121 methods proposed in the medical imaging domain alone. In this review, we provide a structured overview of this emerging field featuring a comprehensive taxonomy, a systematic review of existing methods, and an in-depth analysis of current practices. Based on these contributions, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field. For instance, we find that there is a severe lack of comparison across methods which needs to be tackled by standardized baselines and benchmarks.

The project "With Children Against Obesity" (www.sdetmiprotiobezite.cz) is an original and innovative prevention website, which is currently unparalleled in the Czech Republic. It is a rare project that deals not only with the issue of childhood obesity for the general public but also for professionals. The website offers a comprehensive view of the prevention and treatment of overweight and obese children. The project offers original products that can be used in the everyday clinical practice for specific individuals with risks of developing obesity, including their family background. It follows the basic principles of prevention of metabolic diseases.

Growth hormone is an anabolic hormone that causes increased cell growth, positive nitrogen and calcium balance, lipolysis, hyperglycemia, and promotes protein synthesis. Its beneficial effect in burn treatment was proven particularly in children, by Herndon's group. The authors report The case of a 12-year-old boy with an electrical arc burn of 81% of the BSA, 60% of the BSA being full thickness loss. Recombinant human growth hormone (Norditropin, Novo Nordisk) was administered at daily doses of 0.52 i.u./kg starting on day 19 post-burn for 15 consecutive days. The treatment was well tolerated except for mild insulinoresistance, which could be easily corrected by slightly increasing the insulin added to glucose solutions. After 56 days of intensive care treatment and several excision and grafting procedures, the majority of burns were healed.

More than two-thirds of critical burns in special burn units are children. The burned child continues to represent a special challenge, since resuscitation therapy must be more precise than that for an adult with a similar burn. Children have a limited physiologic reserve and the pediatric fluid replacement therapy is based on the principle of separate calculation of physiological and pathological losses. We have reviewed the most widely accepted pediatric isotonic fluid protocols. All these protocols calculate for replacement of pathological losses with a need of 2 ml/kg/% BSAB (body surface area burn) or 4 ml/kg/% BSAB. We choosed the formulas of two Shriner's Burns Institutes--the Cincinnati and the Galveston Unit as representatives, and calculated the fluid therapy for model burn children weights of 10 kg, 30 kg with 20, 40, 60, 80% BSAB. The results of calculations where compared with physiologic parameters of children. In conclusions we could show, that the 4 ml/kg/% BSAB formulas do replace all theoretically predicted pathophysiologic losses due to burns. However, the 2 ml/kg/% BSAB formulas are more practical as a guideline for resuscitation of pediatric patients because of greater therapeutical range and better clinical response of children threatened by burn shock. It is important to remember that all formulas are only guides to fluid therapy, they should be modified according to individual needs and clinical status of the patient. Only successful restoring and maintaining perfusion pressures leads to optimal oxygenation of injured and noninjured tissues, which promotes spontaneous healing, prevents wound conversion, minimise bacterial colonisation, and prepares the injured areas for early grafting.