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1. An Integrated mHealth App for Smoking Cessation in Black Smokers With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Andre Bizier, Arielle Jones, Michael Businelle, Krista Kezbers, Bettina B Hoeppner, Thomas P Giordano, Jessica M Thai, Jacqueline Charles, Audrey Montgomery, Matthew W Gallagher, Marshall K Cheney, Michael Zvolensky, and Lorra Garey
Subjects: Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: BackgroundBlack adults who smoke and have HIV experience immense stressors (eg, racial discrimination and HIV stigma) that impede smoking cessation success and perpetuate smoking-related health disparities. These stressors also place Black adults who smoke and have HIV at an increased risk of elevated interoceptive stress (eg, anxiety and uncomfortable bodily sensations) and smoking to manage symptoms. In turn, this population is more likely to smoke to manage interoceptive stress, which contributes to worse HIV-related outcomes in this group. However, no specialized treatment exists to address smoking cessation, interoceptive stress, and HIV management for Black smokers with HIV. ObjectiveThis study aims to test a culturally adapted and novel mobile intervention that targets combustible cigarette smoking, HIV treatment engagement and adherence, and anxiety sensitivity (a proxy for difficulty and responsivity to interoceptive stress) among Black smokers with HIV (ie, Mobile Anxiety Sensitivity Program for Smoking and HIV [MASP+]). Various culturally tailored components of the app are being evaluated for their ability to help users quit smoking, manage physiological stress, and improve health care management. MethodsThis study is a pilot randomized controlled trial in which Black combustible cigarette smokers with HIV (N=72) are being recruited and randomly assigned to use either (1) the National Cancer Institute’s QuitGuide app or (2) MASP+. Study procedures include a web-based prescreener; active intervention period for 6 weeks; smartphone-based assessments, including daily app-based ecological momentary assessments for 6 weeks (4 ecological momentary assessments each day); a video-based qualitative interview using Zoom Video Communications software at week 6 for participants in all study conditions; and smartphone-based follow-up assessments at 0, 1, 2 (quit date), 3, 4, 5, 6, and 28 weeks postbaseline (26 weeks postquitting date). ResultsPrimary outcomes include biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence of abstinence, HIV-related quality of life, use of antiretroviral therapy, and HIV care appointment adherence at 26 weeks postquitting date. Qualitative data are also being collected and assessed to obtain feedback that will guide further tailoring of app content and evaluation of efficacy. ConclusionsThe results of this study will determine whether the MASP+ app serves as a successful aid for combustible cigarette smoking cessation, HIV treatment engagement, and physiological stress outcomes among Black people with HIV infection. If successful, this study will provide evidence for the efficacy of a new means of addressing major mental and physical health difficulties for this high-risk population. If the results are promising, the data from this study will be used to update and tailor the MASP+ app for testing in a fully powered randomized controlled trial that will evaluate its efficacy in real-world behavioral health and social service settings. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05709002; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05709002 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/52090
Published: 2024
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2. Risk Factors for Meibomian Gland Disease Assessed by Meibography

Author: Kim CK, Carter S, Kim C, Shooshani T, Mehta U, Marshall K, Smith RG, Knezevic A, Rao K, Lee OL, and Farid M
Subjects: dry eye, meibomian gland dropout, meiboscore, ocular surface disease, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Christine K Kim,1,2 Steven Carter,2,3 Cinthia Kim,2 Tara Shooshani,1,2 Urmi Mehta,2,4 Kailey Marshall,2 Ryan G Smith,1,2,5 Alexander Knezevic,2,6– 8 Kavita Rao,1,2 Olivia L Lee,2 Marjan Farid2 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; 2Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; 3Miramar Eye Specialists Medical Group, Ventura, CA, 93003, USA; 4St John’s Episcopal Hospital, Far Rockaway, NY, 11691, USA; 5Pacific Eye Institute, Upland, CA 91786, USA; 6Macy Eye Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; 7Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; 8Jules Stein Eye Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USACorrespondence: Christine K Kim, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute at University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 850 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA, Tel +1 818 279 5029, Email chriskk4@hs.uci.eduPurpose: To elucidate risk factors for meibomian gland disease (MGD) and understand associated changes in meibography and in relation to ocular surface disease.Patients and Methods: As part of the standard workup for ocular surface disease at a tertiary academic center, 203 patients received an ocular history and lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire included detailed inquiries about ocular health and lifestyle, including makeup use, cosmetic eyelid procedures, screen time, and contact lens habits. Subjects also took the standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) II questionnaire. Meibomian gland (MG) dropout and structural changes were evaluated on meibography and scored by three independent graders using meiboscores. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant risk factors associated with MG loss.Results: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 189 patients (378 eyes) with high-quality images for grading, and the average age was 67 years (77% female). Patients older than 45 years had significantly more dropout than younger patients (p < 0.01). Self-reported eye makeup use did not significantly impact MG loss. Patients with a history of blepharoplasty trended toward higher meiboscores, but the difference was not statistically significant. Self-reported screen time did not affect meiboscores. Contact lens use over 20 years was associated with significant MG loss (p < 0.05). SPEED II scores had no relationship to meiboscores (p = 0.75).Conclusion: Older age is a significant risk factor for MG loss. Any contact lens use over 20 years also impacted MG dropout. Highlighting the incongruence of symptoms to signs, SPEED II scores showed no relationship to the structural integrity of MGs.Keywords: dry eye, meibomian gland dropout, meiboscore, ocular surface disease
Published: 2023

3. Social support and ideal cardiovascular health in urban Jamaica: A cross-sectional study.

Author: Alphanso L Blake, Nadia R Bennett, Joette A McKenzie, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Ishtar Govia, Shelly R McFarlane, Renee Walters, Damian K Francis, Rainford J Wilks, David R Williams, Novie O Younger-Coleman, and Trevor S Ferguson
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Recent studies have suggested that high levels of social support can encourage better health behaviours and result in improved cardiovascular health. In this study we evaluated the association between social support and ideal cardiovascular health among urban Jamaicans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among urban residents in Jamaica's south-east health region. Socio-demographic data and information on cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary practices, blood pressure, body size, cholesterol, and glucose, were collected by trained personnel. The outcome variable, ideal cardiovascular health, was defined as having optimal levels of ≥5 of these characteristics (ICH-5) according to the American Heart Association definitions. Social support exposure variables included number of friends (network size), number of friends willing to provide loans (instrumental support) and number of friends providing advice (informational support). Principal component analysis was used to create a social support score using these three variables. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ICH-5 and social support score. Analyses included 841 participants (279 males, 562 females) with mean age of 47.6 ± 18.42 years. ICH-5 prevalence was 26.6% (95%CI 22.3, 31.0) with no significant sex difference (male 27.5%, female 25.7%). In sex-specific, multivariable logistic regression models, social support score, was inversely associated with ICH-5 among males (OR 0.67 [95%CI 0.51, 0.89], p = 0.006) but directly associated among females (OR 1.26 [95%CI 1.04, 1.53], p = 0.020) after adjusting for age and community SES. Living in poorer communities was also significantly associated with higher odds of ICH-5 among males, while living communities with high property value was associated with higher odds of ICH among females. In this study, higher level of social support was associated with better cardiovascular health among women, but poorer cardiovascular health among men in urban Jamaica. Further research should explore these associations and identify appropriate interventions to promote cardiovascular health.
Published: 2024
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4. Chronic disease as a risk factor for cigarette and e-cigarette use from young adulthood to adulthood

Author: Marshall K Cheney, Hairong Song, Shristi Bhochhibhoya, and Yu Lu
Subjects: Tobacco, Electronic cigarette, E-cigarette, Chronic disease, Young adult, Asthma, Medicine
Abstract: Chronic disease prevalence in young adults is increasing with 15–20 % reporting 1 or more chronic diseases. This study examined cross-sectional and prospective relationships between chronic disease and e-cigarette/cigarette use from young adulthood to adulthood utilizing the U.S.- based National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Add Health Study wave 3 (2001–2002; ages 18–26), wave 4 (2008; ages 24–34), and wave 5 (2016–2018; ages 33–44) were used. Past 30-day cigarette use at waves 3–5 and past 30-day e-cigarette use at wave 5 were assessed. Two measures of chronic disease were used: asthma (yes/no) and non-asthmatic chronic disease (yes/no) composed of 7 additional chronic diseases (diabetes, migraine, heart problem, hepatitis B/C, high blood pressure, epilepsy, and cancer). Weighted multilevel logistic regression (controlling for age, race/ethnicity, gender, and education) was used to assess cross-sectional associations at wave 3, and then prospective associations of wave 3 chronic disease (asthma and non-asthmatic) with waves 4 and 5 cigarette and wave 5 e-cigarette use. Logistic regressions showed no significant cross-sectional or prospective relationships between asthma and cigarette and e-cigarette use. However, wave 3 non-asthmatic chronic disease was significantly associated with wave 4 cigarette use (aOR 1.38, p
Published: 2023
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5. The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author: Sharmaine Edwards, Simone Spence, Evelyn Walker, Simon Anderson, Novie Younger-Coleman, Joette McKenzie, Ishtar Govia, Suzanne Soares-Wynter, Andriene Grant, Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson, James Ho, Tamu Davidson, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Nadia R. Bennett, Trevor S. Ferguson, and Karen Webster-Kerr
Subjects: Jamaica, salt intake, sodium content, urinary sodium, salt reduction strategies, knowledge attitudes and practices, eng, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background Excess dietary salt consumption is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Public education programs on the dangers of high salt intake, and population level interventions to reduce the salt content in foods are possible strategies to address this problem. In Jamaica, there are limited data on the levels of salt consumption and the population’s knowledge and practices with regards to salt consumption. This study therefore aims to obtain baseline data on salt consumption, salt content in foods sold in restaurants, and evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jamaicans regarding salt consumption. Methods The study is divided into four components. Component 1 will be a secondary analysis of data on urinary sodium from spot urine samples collected as part of a national survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Component 2 will be a survey of chain and non-chain restaurants in Jamaica, to estimate the sodium content of foods sold in restaurants. Component 3 is another national survey, this time on a sample 1,200 individuals to obtain data on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding salt consumption and estimation of urinary sodium excretion. Component 4 is a validation study to assess the level of agreement between spot urine sodium estimates and 24-hour urinary sodium from 120 individuals from Component 3. Discussion This study will provide important baseline data on salt consumption in Jamaica and will fulfil the first components of the World Health Organization SHAKE Technical Package for Salt Reduction. The findings will serve as a guide to Jamaica’s Ministry of Health and Wellness in the development of a national salt reduction program. Findings will also inform interventions to promote individual and population level sodium reduction strategies as the country seeks to achieve the national target of a 30% reduction in salt consumption by 2025.
Published: 2023
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6. Acceptability and use of waist-worn physical activity monitors in Jamaican adolescents: lessons from the field

Author: Joanne A. Smith, Sara-Lou Christie, Bonny Rockette-Wagner, Lorraine Wilson, Ishtar O. Govia, Keri-Ann Facey, and Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
Subjects: Accelerometers, Physical activity, GDAR, Jamaican adolescents, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Abstract Objective We report our experience with a validated waist-worn activity monitor in Jamaican adolescents attending urban high schools. Seventy-nine adolescents from the Global Diet and Activity Research (GDAR) study, recruited from 5 urban Jamaican high schools (two coeducational (n = 37), two all-female schools (n = 32) and one all-boys school (n = 10)) were asked to wear Actigraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers for 7 days (24-h), removing the device only when bathing or swimming. They also logged wake up and bed times in an activity diary. Accelerometry was considered valid if at least 4 days with ≥ 10-h monitor wear were recorded. Validity was compared by adolescent demographic and school characteristics. We also reviewed the students’ written feedback on objective physical activity measurement. Results Participants, 80.5% female, had a mean age of 15.5 ± 0.8 years with 60% attending schools in low-income communities. Accelerometer return rates were > 98% with 84% providing valid data. Validity did not vary by age group, sex and school setting. While participants were excited about participating in the accelerometer sub-study, commonly reported challenges included monitor discomfort during sleep and maintaining the study diary. Objective measurement of physical activity using 24-h waist-worn accelerometers is feasible and acceptable in Jamaican adolescents.
Published: 2023
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7. Maternal feeding styles in infancy predict child body mass index z-scores at 72 months: findings from a cohort of Jamaican children

Author: Amika S. Wright, Natalie Guthrie-Dixon, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Susan M. Chang, and Susan P. Walker
Subjects: feeding styles, restrictive, obesity, overweight, Jamaica, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore whether maternal feeding styles at 12 months predict child Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores at 72 months and evaluate whether BMI z-scores at 18 months mediates the association.MethodsData from 239 mother–child pairs participating in a parenting intervention were analyzed. Feeding information was ascertained at 12 months by questionnaire with feeding styles identified using factor analysis. Children’s weight and length/height were measured at 18 and 72 months and BMI z-scores computed. Maternal sociodemographic data, depressive symptoms and language skills were obtained by questionnaire. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to examine whether feeding styles predicted 72 month BMI z-scores. Complete case analysis was conducted and multiple imputation used to treat missing values of explanatory and outcome variables at 18 and 72 months. Mediational analysis was performed to assess the indirect effects of feeding styles on 72 month BMI z-scores via 18 month BMI z-scores.ResultsRestrictive feeding at age 12 months predicted higher 72 month BMI z-scores in both complete case analysis [β (95%CI): 0.19 (0.02, 0.37)] and multiple imputation [β (95%CI): 0.20 (0.02, 0.39)]. Uninvolved, forceful, indulgent and responsive feeding styles were not significant predictors of 72 month BMI z-scores. A significant indirect effect was observed between restrictive feeding and child BMI z-scores at 72 months via 18 month BMI z-scores [β (95% CI) 0.12 (0.03, 0.22)].ConclusionRestrictive feeding at 12 months was associated with higher BMI z-scores at 72 months and appeared to be mediated by BMI z-scores at 18 months.
Published: 2023
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8. Maternal feeding styles and the risk of overweight in a cohort of Caribbean infants

Author: Amika S. Wright, Marshall K. Tulloch‐Reid, Susan M. Chang, and Susan P. Walker
Subjects: Caribbean, feeding behaviour, overweight, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Parental feeding styles in the first years of life may increase childhood overweight risk. There are few studies on this association in children under 2 years. The current study aimed to investigate the association between maternal feeding styles and Caribbean infants’ risk of overweight at 18 months and determine whether maternal depression is an important confounder in the association. Methods It is a prospective study of mother–child dyads that participated in a three‐island parenting trial. Maternal and infant characteristics were collected at infant age 6–10 weeks with maternal depression assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale questionnaire. Feeding styles were measured using items from the Toddler Feeding Behaviour Questionnaire at 12 months. Infant weight and length were measured at 18 months, and infants at risk of overweight were defined as weight‐for‐length z‐scores (WLZ) > 1. Factor analysis was used to identify feeding styles and associations with overweight risk assessed using multilevel logistic regression accounting for country and health clinic. Logistic regression models were adjusted for infant and maternal covariates, with a final model including depressive symptom scores. Results Of 366 infants assessed, 18.9% were affected by the risk of overweight. Five feeding styles were identified—uninvolved, indulgent, forceful, restrictive and responsive. Only restrictive feeding was associated with an increased risk of overweight (OR [95% CI], 1.61 [1.22, 2.13]). The association strengthened after adjusting for maternal depressive symptoms (OR [95% CI], 1.79 [1.30, 2.30]), representing an 11.18% increase in the risk of overweight odds. Conclusion Interventions that address restrictive feeding may be one strategy to reduce overweight risk among Caribbean maternal–infant dyads.
Published: 2023
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9. A Smartphone-Based Intervention for Anxiety and Depression in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Adults (EASE): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Lorra Garey, Michael J Zvolensky, Matthew W Gallagher, Anka Vujanovic, Darla E Kendzor, Lancer Stephens, Marshall K Cheney, Ashley B Cole, Krista Kezbers, Cameron T Matoska, Jillian Robison, Audrey Montgomery, Christopher V Zappi, and Michael S Businelle
Subjects: Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: BackgroundClear health disparities have emerged in the rates of COVID-19 exposure, hospitalization, and death among Black, Hispanic, and American Indian (BHAI) individuals, relative to non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. BHAI populations have been disproportionately affected by lower behavioral health access and heightened negative mental health outcomes during the pandemic. ObjectiveThis project directly addresses health disparities in access to behavioral health care during the COVID-19 pandemic among BHAI populations via an adaptation of the established, initially validated, low-cost, mobile app Easing Anxiety Sensitivity for Everyone (EASE) among individuals with symptoms of elevated anxiety or depression or both. MethodsThe EASE trial is a 2-arm, prospective, randomized, blinded-assessor study with intention-to-treat analysis. Participants (N=800; n=200, 25%, Black; n=200, 25%, Hispanic; n=200, 25%, American Indian; and n=200, 25%, NHW) are randomized to receive either EASE or an active comparison condition for anxiety and depression. Participants compete an online prescreener, an enrollment call to provide informed consent, a baseline survey, a 6-month intervention period, and 3- and 6-month postbaseline assessments. Select participants also complete a 3- and 6-month postbaseline qualitative interview via phone or an online platform (eg, Zoom). Participants complete 2 scheduled daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) during the 6-month study period. These twice-daily EMAs guide a just-in-time approach to immediate, personalized behavioral health care. ResultsOutcomes include reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms and functional impairment at 3 and 6 months postrandomization. We also will examine putative mechanisms (eg, anxiety sensitivity [AS] and COVID-19–specific stress and fear) of the intervention effects. Further, as treatment effects may differ across sociocultural factors, perceived discrimination, social support, and socioeconomic status (SES) will be evaluated as potential moderators of treatment effects on the primary outcomes. Process evaluation using data collected during the study, as well as individual interviews with participants, will complement quantitative data. ConclusionsData from this efficacy trial will determine whether EASE successfully improves symptoms of anxiety and depression and whether these improvements outperform an active comparison control app. If successful, findings from this study have the potential to decrease anxiety and depression symptoms among vulnerable populations determined to be most at risk of exacerbated, long-lasting negative health sequelae. Data from this study may be used to support an implementation and dissemination trial of EASE within real-world behavioral health and social service settings. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05074693; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05074693 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/40713
Published: 2022
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10. Vitamin D Deficiency at Diagnosis Increases All-Cause and Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality in Jamaican Men

Author: Donovan McGrowder PhD, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid MBBS, DSc, Kathleen C. M. Coard MBBS, DM, Afette M. McCaw-Binns PhD, Trevor S. Ferguson MBBS, PhD, William Aiken MBBS, DM, Leroy Harrison MBBS, DM, Simon G. Anderson MBBCh, PhD, and Maria D. Jackson PhD
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum calcium have been associated with incident prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is limited data on whether these metabolites predict survival in men of African descent, a population disproportionately affected by PCa. We studied the relationship of 25(OH)D at PCa diagnosis with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among Jamaican men and examined whether serum calcium modified any associations. Methods Serum 25(OH)D from 152 Jamaican men with incident PCa within the Prostate Cancer Risk Evaluation (PROSCARE) study were re-evaluated approximately 11 years after enrollment. 25(OH)D analyses were stratified using the using Holick criteria. PCa-specific and all-cause mortality were examined in Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and Gleason score. Restricted cubic splines evaluated nonlinear associations. Serum calcium was assessed as an effect modifier of the association between 25(OH)D and mortality. Results Of cases with available 25(OH)D, 64 men with PCa survived, 38 deaths were PCa specific and 36 died of other causes. At baseline, 9.9% of cases were vitamin D deficient and 61.2% were vitamin D sufficient. Compared to 25(OH)D sufficient men, those with 25(OH)D
Published: 2022
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11. A cross-sectional analysis of investigator needs for non-communicable disease research at the University of the West Indies, Mona

Author: Georgia A Williamson, Shelly Rodrigo, Natalie Guthrie-Dixon, Elizabeth Blackman, J Robert Beck, Ian Hambleton, Althea Bailey, Tomlin Paul, Camille C Ragin, and Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
Subjects: developing countries, health research agenda, non-communicable diseases, jamaica, caribbean region, Medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Objective. To describe the needs of academic staff conducting non-communicable disease (NCD) research at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus in Jamaica. Methods. Utilizing a cross-sectional design an online survey was created using the research electronic data capture application (REDCap); it was disseminated via email to 708 academic staff members in the Faculties of Medical Sciences and Science & Technology between September and November 2018. Participants were asked to indicate their level of access to expertise, training and equipment for conducting research. Descriptive analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Results. Most respondents were women (74.2%), predominantly scientists (33.1%) or specialist physicians (22.6%). Less than 2/3 of respondents reported publishing research findings in peer reviewed journals, with a quarter not disseminating their research findings in any medium. Resources for field research/data collection, epidemiological methods and principles, and data management/data analysis were generally available. However, there was limited access to training, expertise and equipment in emerging techniques for NCD research such as metabolomics, bioinformatics/analysis of large-scale data sets and health economics. Additional challenges included limited access to financing for research, inadequate workspace and poor administrative support for conducting research. Conclusions. There is a need for more local research seed funding, stronger administrative support for researchers, and opportunities for training in cutting edge NCD research techniques. Jamaican researchers could benefit from being part of a regional research centre of excellence with critical research skills and equipment that builds research networks and strengthens the NCD research response.
Published: 2021
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12. An Evaluation of Regional Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Research Needs Using Conference Abstracts

Author: Georgia A. Williamson, Shelly Rodrigo, Elizabeth Blackman, Camille C. Ragin, J. Robert Beck, and Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Despite cardiovascular diseases and cancer being the leading causes of premature mortality in the Caribbean region, there is limited local research available to guide a comprehensive response to this epidemic. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular disease and cancer research in the Caribbean using abstracts presented at the Caribbean Public Health Agency’s (CARPHA) meeting – the longest running annual research conference in the region. Method: Study data (population, intervention/exposure, comparison and outcome) were extracted from abstracts published for the 2006 to 2018 meetings. Additionally, institutional affiliation and geographic location of the first author, countries involved, sample size, study design and use of specialized testing/biomarkers were also extracted. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. Findings: A total of 1,512 abstracts, 728 posters and 784 oral presentations were reviewed. Research on cancer and cardiovascular disease comprised approximately 15% of all abstracts published annually over the review period. Most of the cardiovascular disease studies had cross sectional or survey designs (46%), with very few laboratory-based studies (
Published: 2021
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13. Adolescent Levers for a Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Across Socioecological Levels in Kenya, South Africa, Cameroon, and Jamaica: Mixed Methods Study Protocol

Author: Feyisayo A Odunitan-Wayas, Pamela Wadende, Ebele R I Mogo, Anna Brugulat-Panés, Lisa K Micklesfield, Ishtar Govia, Clarisse Mapa-Tassou, Gudani Mukoma, Joanne A Smith, Molebogeng Motlhalhedi, Yves Wasnyo, Vincent Were, Felix Assah, Kufre J Okop, Shane A Norris, Charles Obonyo, Jean Claude Mbanya, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Abby C King, Estelle V Lambert, and Tolu Oni
Subjects: Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: BackgroundThe increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases that are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely attributed to modifiable behavioral risk factors such as unhealthy diets and insufficient physical activity (PA). The adolescent stage, defined as 10 to 24 years of age, is an important formative phase of life and offers an opportunity to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases across the life course and for future generations. ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to describe a protocol for a study using a convergent mixed methods design to explore exposures in the household, neighborhood, school, and the journey from home to school that may influence diet and PA behaviors in adolescents from LMICs. MethodsMale and female adolescents (n≥150) aged between 13 and 24 years will be recruited from selected high schools or households in project site countries to ensure the socioeconomic diversity of perspectives and experiences at the individual, home, and neighborhood levels. The project will be conducted at 5 sites in 4 countries: Kenya, Cameroon, Jamaica, and South Africa (Cape Town and Johannesburg). Data on anthropometric measures, food intake, and PA knowledge and behavior will be collected using self-report questionnaires. In addition, a small number of learners (n=30-45) from each site will be selected as citizen scientists to capture data (photographs, audio notes, text, and geolocations) on their lived experiences in relation to food and PA in their homes, the journey to and from school, and the school and neighborhood environments using a mobile app, and for objective PA measurements. In-depth interviews will be conducted with the citizen scientists and their caregivers to explore household experiences and determinants of food intake and foodways, as well as the PA of household members. ResultsThe study described in this protocol paper was primarily funded through a UK National Institute for Health Research grant in 2017 and approved by the relevant institutional ethics review boards in the country sites (South Africa, Cameroun, and Jamaica in 2019, and Kenya in 2020). As of December 23, 2020, we had completed data collection from adolescents (n≥150) in all the country sites, except Kenya, and data collection for the subgroup (n=30-45) is ongoing. Data analysis is ongoing and the output of findings from the study described in this protocol is expected to be published by 2022. ConclusionsThis project protocol contributes to research that focuses on adolescents and the socioecological determinants of food intake and PA in LMIC settings. It includes innovative methodologies to interrogate and map the contexts of these determinants and will generate much-needed data to understand the multilevel system of factors that can be leveraged through upstream and downstream strategies and interventions to improve health outcomes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/26739
Published: 2021
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14. Experiences of women with cervical dysplasia and associated diagnoses using electronic cigarettes for smoking substitution

Author: Shirley A. James, Marshall K. Cheney, Katie M. Smith, and Laura A. Beebe
Subjects: cervical dysplasia, E‐cigs, electronic cigarettes, smoking cessation, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Introduction The aim of this qualitative study was to describe the motivation and experiences of women with cervical dysplasia and associated diagnoses who used electronic cigarettes (ECs) to reduce the number of cigarettes they smoked. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 women aged 18‐65 years with cervical dysplasia and associated diagnoses who smoked at least three cigarettes daily for the past year or more and who enrolled in an intervention designed to substitute regular cigarettes with ECs. At the 12‐week follow‐up, patients were contacted by telephone. Semi‐structured interviews were recorded, then transcribed, coded and analysed for themes. Results When confronted with a new diagnosis associated with smoking, women in this study were eager to try ECs to help them reduce their intake of cigarettes. Women reported that physical cues similar to smoking, delivery of nicotine sufficient to assist with smoking reduction and the security of having the device available to use in instances where temptations to smoke may occur were all positive experiences in trying the device. Other women in the study reported negative experiences, such as a lack of sufficient nicotine to eliminate cravings, heaviness of the device and the need to keep it charged. Depression, nicotine addiction and habit were factors that made it difficult to decrease cigarette consumption. Conclusions Findings suggest that ECs may help with smoking substitution in patients who must reduce smoking due to medical conditions or diagnoses.
Published: 2019
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15. College Students’ Use of Social Media and E-Cigarettes: How Correctly Identifying Platform Type Influences Findings

Author: Christopher M. Dunlap II, Yu Lu, Page D. Dobbs, Nisha Khanal, Julia S. Oehlers, and Marshall K. Cheney
Subjects: juul, social media, college students, e-cigarette, young adult, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine how college students post or share JUUL-related content on social media. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, current JUUL users (n=667) completed a cross-sectional survey in March of 2019, then 51 participants completed in-person follow-up interviews in April of 2019. Survey questions asked about JUUL-related social media postings and commenting history as well as demographic questions. Interview participants were asked to explain their survey responses and were then shown the survey results and asked for reasons why they and others did not post or comment about JUUL on social media. Qualitative data were coded independently by two coders using NVivo, and analyzed for themes. Survey participant (ages 18-24, mean age 20 years, 50.5% female, and 80.6% white) responses showed 81% had not posted a JUUL-focused comment on social media and had not posted a picture of themselves JUULing in the past year. However, interviewees reported they had continued to post about JUUL on social media but moved away from more public social media accounts (e.g., Facebook); private Instagram and Snapchat accounts were used to post both JUUL use and JUUL-focused content without risk of damaging their personal image to family or potential employers. How social media use questions are asked is critical for understanding college student promotion of JUULing and social norms. Young adults protect their social media presence by not including themselves in JUUL-focused content; thus, the spread of JUULing through private social media like Snapchat or Finstas may not be identified and young adults normalize JUUL use through memes or images.
Published: 2021
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16. Metabolic characteristics of Africans with normal glucose tolerance and elevated 1-hour glucose: insight from the Africans in America study

Author: Sara M Briker, Thomas Hormenu, Christopher W DuBose, Lilian S Mabundo, Stephanie T Chung, Joon Ha, Arthur Sherman, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Michael Bergman, and Anne E Sumner
Subjects: Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: IntroductionRisk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiac death is increased in Asians and Europeans with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 1-hour glucose ≥8.6 mmol/L. As African descent populations often have insulin resistance but a normal lipid profile, the implications for Africans with NGT and glucose ≥8.6 mmol/L (NGT-1-hour-high) are unknown.ObjectiveWe performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in 434 African born-blacks living in Washington, DC (male: 66%, age 38±10 years (mean±SD)) and determined in the NGT group if either glucometabolic or lipid profiles varied according to a 1-hour-glucose threshold of 8.6 mmol/L.MethodsGlucose tolerance category was defined by OGTT criteria. NGT was subdivided into NGT-1-hour-high (glucose ≥8.6 mmol/L) and NGT-1-hour-normal (glucose
Published: 2020
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17. The Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Low to Adequate Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density on Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Juvenile Cacao Genotypes

Author: Virupax C. Baligar, Marshall K. Elson, Alex-Alan F. Almeida, Quintino R. de Araujo, Dario Ahnert, and Zhenli He
Subjects: water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, influx and transport, net photosynthesis, stomal conductance, relative growth rate, Agriculture
Abstract: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was grown as an understory tree in agroforestry systems where it received inadequate to adequate levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). As atmospheric carbon dioxide steadily increased, it was unclear what impact this would have on cacao growth and development at low PPFD. This research evaluated the effects of ambient and elevated levels carbon dioxide under inadequate to adequate levels of PPFD on growth, physiological and nutrient use efficiency traits of seven genetically contrasting juvenile cacao genotypes. Growth parameters (total and root dry weight, root length, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rates increased, and specific leaf area decreased significantly in response to increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD. Increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD levels significantly increased net photosynthesis and water-use efficiency traits but significantly reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration. With few exceptions, increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD reduced macro–micro nutrient concentrations but increased uptake, influx, transport and nutrient use efficiency in all cacao genotypes. Irrespective of levels of carbon dioxide and PPFD, intraspecific differences were observed for growth, physiology and nutrient use efficiency of cacao genotypes.
Published: 2021
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18. Impact of Ambient and Elevated [CO2] in Low Light Levels on Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Uptake of Tropical Perennial Legume Cover Crops

Author: Virupax C. Baligar, Marshall K. Elson, Zhenli He, Yuncong Li, Arlicelio de Q. Paiva, Alex-Alan F. Almeida, and Dario Ahnert
Subjects: nutrient uptake, influx and transport, nutrient and water use efficiency, net photosynthesis, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: At early stages of establishment of tropical plantation crops, inclusion of legume cover crops could reduce soil degradation due to erosion and nutrient leaching. As understory plants these cover crops receive limited irradiance and can be subjected to elevated CO2 at ground level. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of ambient (450 µmol mol−1) and elevated (700 µmol mol−1) levels of [CO2] on growth, physiological changes and nutrient uptake of six perennial legume cover crops (Perennial Peanut, Ea-Ea, Mucuna, Pigeon pea, Lab lab, Cowpea) under low levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 100, 200, and 400 µmol m−2 s−1). Overall, total and root dry biomass, total root length, specific leaf area, and relative growth rates were significantly influenced by levels of [CO2] and PPFD and cover crop species. With few exceptions, all the cover crops showed significant effects of [CO2], PPFD, and species on net photosynthesis (PN) and its components, such as stomatal conductance (gs) internal CO2 conc. (Ci), and transpiration (E). Increasing [CO2], from 450 to 700 μmol mol−1 and increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol ּm−2 ּs−1 increased PN. Overall, the levels of [CO2], PPFD and species significantly affected total water use efficiency (WUETOTAL), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEINST) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEINTR). With some exceptions, increasing levels of [CO2] and PPFD increased all the WUE parameters. Interspecific differences were observed with respect to macro-micro nutrient uptake and use efficiency. With a few exceptions, increasing levels of [CO2] from 450 to 700 μmol mol−1 and PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol m−2 s−1 increased nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of all nutrients by cover crop species.
Published: 2021
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19. Factors associated with elevated blood pressure or hypertension in Afro-Caribbean youth: a cross-sectional study

Author: Trevor S. Ferguson, Novie O.M. Younger-Coleman, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Nadia R. Bennett, Amanda E. Rousseau, Jennifer M. Knight-Madden, Maureen E. Samms-Vaughan, Deanna E. Ashley, and Rainford J. Wilks
Subjects: Elevated blood pressure, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease risk factors, Young adults, Caribbean, Blacks, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background Although several studies have identified risk factors for high blood pressure (BP), data from Afro-Caribbean populations are limited. Additionally, less is known about how putative risk factors operate in young adults and how social factors influence the risk of high BP. In this study, we estimated the relative risk for elevated BP or hypertension (EBP/HTN), defined as BP ≥ 120/80 mmHg, among young adults with putative cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Jamaica and evaluated whether relative risks differed by sex. Methods Data from 898 young adults, 18–20 years old, were analysed. BP was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer after participants had been seated for 5 min. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and glucose, lipids and insulin measured from a fasting venous blood sample. Data on socioeconomic status (SES) were obtained via questionnaire. CVD risk factor status was defined using standard cut-points or the upper quintile of the distribution where the numbers meeting standard cut-points were small. Relative risks were estimated using odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression models. Results Prevalence of EBP/HTN was 30% among males and 13% among females (p
Published: 2018
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20. Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome in a Patient with Acute Gout Attack but without Trauma or Other Typical Causes

Author: John G. Skedros, James S. Smith, Marshall K. Henrie, Ethan D. Finlinson, and Joel D. Trachtenberg
Subjects: Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: We report the case of a 30-year-old Polynesian male with a severe gout flare of multiple joints and simultaneous acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of his right forearm and hand without trauma or other typical causes. He had a long history of gout flares, but none were known to be associated with compartment syndrome. He also had concurrent infections in his right elbow joint and olecranon bursa. A few days prior to this episode of ACS, high pain and swelling occurred in his right upper extremity after a minimal workout with light weights. A similar episode occurred seven months prior and was attributed to a gout flare. Unlike past flares that resolved with colchicine and/or anti-inflammatory medications, his current upper extremity pain/swelling worsened and became severe. Hand and forearm fasciotomies were performed. Workup included general medicine, rheumatology and infectious disease consultations, myriad blood tests, and imaging studies including Doppler ultrasound and CT angiography. Additional clinical history suggested that he had previously unrecognized recurrent exertional compartment syndrome that led to the episode of ACS reported here. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) presents a difficult diagnosis when presented with multiple symptoms concurrently. This case provides an example of one such diagnosis.
Published: 2018
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21. P130 TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY FOR PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND CARDIO-ANKLE VASCULAR INDEX AMONG AFRO-CARIBBEAN YOUNG ADULTS

Author: Janeil M. Williams, Trevor S. Ferguson, Nadia R. Bennett, Amanda Rousseau, Renee Walters, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Seeromanie Harding, J. Kennedy Cruickshank, and Rainford J. Wilks
Subjects: Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: This study evaluated the test-retest reliability of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) among young adults in Jamaica. Methods: We recruited participants from the Jamaica 1986 Birth Cohort Study. PWV was measured using the Arteriograph device™ (TensioMed, Budapest) and CAVI with the VaSera™ device (Fukuda Denshi, Tokyo). Both measurements were done twice on the same day with a 1-hour interval between measurements. Test-retest reliability was estimated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Kappa statistic was used to assess agreement between repeated tests in classifying participants as high PWV or CAVI, defined as being in the upper tertile of measurements. Results: Analyses included 89 participants (43 males; 46 females; mean age 28.4±0.50 years). Mean PWV for first and second readings were 6.56 cm/s and 6.64 cm/s, respectively (mean difference −0.08 [95%CI −0.18, 0.03, p = 0.142]). Mean values for first and second CAVI were 6.53 and 6.20, respectively, (mean difference 0.34 [95%CI 0.18, 0.50, p < 0.001]). ICC for PWV was 0.88 (95%CI 0.83, 0.92) and for CAVI 0.57 (95%CI 0.41, 0.69). Bland-Altman plots indicated that measurements taken from both devices were highly reproducible, with most points (85/89 for PWV; 86/89 for CAVI) falling within 2 SD of the mean difference. Kappa statistic was 0.76 for PWV and 0.56 for CAVI. Conclusion: PWV (Arteriograph™) and CAVI (VaSera™) have good test-retest reliability among Jamaican youth adults; however repeated CAVI values were marginally lower than the first measurement and the ICC and kappa estimates were lower.
Published: 2017
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22. Educational Health Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Findings from Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007–2008

Author: Trevor S. Ferguson, Novie O. M. Younger-Coleman, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Ian R. Hambleton, Damian K. Francis, Nadia R. Bennett, Shelly R. McFarlane, Aurelian Bidulescu, Marlene Y. MacLeish, Anselm J. M. Hennis, Rainford J. Wilks, E. Nigel Harris, and Louis W. Sullivan
Subjects: health disparity, cardiovascular disease, education, socioeconomic status, hypertension, diabetes, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: ObjectivesSocioeconomic disparities in health have emerged as an important area in public health, but studies from Afro-Caribbean populations are uncommon. In this study, we report on educational health disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity), among Jamaican adults.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007–2008. Trained research staff administered questionnaires and obtained measurements of blood pressure, anthropometrics, glucose and cholesterol. CVD risk factors were defined by internationally accepted cut-points. Educational level was classified as primary or lower, junior secondary, full secondary, and post-secondary. Educational disparities were assessed using age-adjusted or age-specific prevalence ratios and prevalence differences obtained from Poisson regression models. Post-secondary education was used as the reference category for all comparisons. Analyses were weighted for complex survey design to yield nationally representative estimates.ResultsThe sample included 678 men and 1,553 women with mean age of 39.4 years. The effect of education on CVD risk factors differed between men and women and by age group among women. Age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher among men with less education, with prevalence differences ranging from 6.9 to 7.4 percentage points (p
Published: 2017
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23. High sensitivity C-reactive protein is related to central obesity and the number of metabolic syndrome components in Jamaican young adults

Author: Nadia R Bennett, Trevor S Ferguson, Franklyn I Bennett, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Novie O M Younger-Coleman, Maria D Jackson, Maureen E Samms-Vaughan, and Rainford J Wilks
Subjects: Jamaica, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, Risk factors, young adults, Black, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: BackgroundHigh-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and is associated with CVD risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. This study evaluated the association between hsCRP and CVD risk factors among Afro-Caribbean young adults in Jamaica. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Jamaica 1986 Birth Cohort Study. Data were collected between 2005 and 2007 when participants were 18-20 years old. All participants completed an interviewer administered questionnaire and had anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements performed. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, lipids and hsCRP. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with high hsCRP.ResultsAnalyses included 342 men and 404 women with mean age 18.8 ± 0.6 years. Approximately 15% of the participants had high risk hsCRP (>3 mg/L), with a higher prevalence among women (20% vs. 9%; p
Published: 2014
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24. Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants

Author: Zhou, Bin, Rayner, Archie W, Gregg, Edward W, Sheffer, Kate E, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Shaw, Jonathan E, Paciorek, Christopher J, Singleton, Rosie K, Barradas Pires, Ana, Stevens, Gretchen A, Danaei, Goodarz, Lhoste, Victor PF, Phelps, Nowell H, Heap, Rachel A, Jain, Lakshya, D'Ailhaud De Brisis, Yse, Galeazzi, Agnese, Kengne, Andre P, Mishra, Anu, Ikeda, Nayu, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Davletov, Kairat, Ganapathy, Shubash, Heidemann, Christin, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Mohan, Viswanathan, Narayan, KM Venkat, Pavkov, Meda E, Sobngwi, Eugène, Wade, Alisha N, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Adambekov, Shalkar, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadi, Nastaran, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hamli, Sarah F, Al-Hinai, Halima, Al-Lawati, Jawad A, Al Asfoor, Deena, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Ali, Mohammed K, Alieva, Anna V, Alinezhad, Farbod, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Andrade, Dolores S, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assembekov, Batyrbek, Au Yeung, Shiu Lun, Auvinen, Juha, Avdičová, Mária, Azad, Kishwar, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Bacopoulou, Flora, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Balanova, Yulia, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Baretić, Maja, Barrera, Lena, Barreto, Marta, Basit, Abdul, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Aline P, Baur, Louise A, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Benedek, Theodora, Benet, Mikhail, Benzeval, Michaela, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Berrios Carrasola, Ximena, Bettiol, Heloísa, Beybey, Augustin F, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Yufang, Bika Lele, Elysée Claude, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bobak, Martin, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Borghs, Herman, Botomba, Steve, Bovet, Pascal, Brajkovich, Imperia, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Briceño, Yajaira, Brito, Miguel, Bueno, Gloria, Bugge, Anna, Buntinx, Frank, Cabrera de León, Antonio, Caixeta, Roberta B, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capanzana, Mario V, Čapková, Naděžda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Rocco, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Casanueva, Felipe F, Censi, Laura, Cervantes–Loaiza, Marvin, Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A, Chamnan, Parinya, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Queenie, Charchar, Fadi J, Chaturvedi, Nish, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Long-Sheng, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cirillo, Massimo, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cosmin, Cojocaru R, Costanzo, Simona, Cowan, Melanie J, Cowell, Chris, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cruz, Juan J, Cureau, Felipe V, Cuschieri, Sarah, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, da Silva-Ferreira, Haroldo, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, De Ridder, David, Deepa, Mohan, DeGennaro, Vincent Jr, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Dorobantu, Maria, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Shufa, Du, Yong, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Ebrahimi, Narges, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Efthymiou, Vasiliki, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Ejembi, Clara Ladi, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Elosua, Roberto, Enang, Ofem, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erem, Cihangir, Ergor, Gul, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Roger G, Fagherazzi, Guy, Fahimfar, Noushin, Fakhradiyev, Ildar, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzi, Yosef, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Fernando, Desha R, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Feskens, Edith JM, Fink, Günther, Flood, David, Forsner, Maria, Fosse-Edorh, Sandrine, Fottrell, Edward F, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Frontera, Guillermo, Fujiati, Isti I, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Ghaderi, Ebrahim, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Ghimire, Anup, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goldberg, Marcel, Goltzman, David, Gomula, Aleksandra, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonçalves, Mauer, Gonzalez-Chica, David A, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P, Gonzalez, Angel R, Goto, Atsushi, Gottrand, Frederic, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Grant, Andriene, Grimsgaard, Anne Sameline, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gu, Dongfeng, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Gujral, Unjali P, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Laura, Gwee, Xinyi, Ha, Seongjun, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Hambleton, Ian R, Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hantunen, Sari, Hao, Jie, Harooni, Javad, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Herrala, Sauli, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G, Ho, Sai Yin, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Hopman, Wilma M, Horimoto, Andrea RVR, Hormiga, Claudia, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Huerta, José María, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Huiart, Laetitia, Huisman, Martijn, Hunsberger, Monica, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huybrechts, Inge, Iacoviello, Licia, Iakupova, Ellina M, Iannone, Anna G, Ibrahim Wong, Norazizah, Ijoma, Chinwuba, Irazola, Vilma E, Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islek, Duygu, Ittermann, Till, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jääskeläinen, Tuija, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jadoul, Michel, Jallow, Bakary, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M, Janus, Edward, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jibo, AM, Jimenez, Ramon O, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Josipović, Josipa, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Karakosta, Argyro, Karki, Khem B, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katulanda, Prasad, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Kaze, François F, Ke, Calvin, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Keramati, Maryam, Kersting, Mathilde, Khalagi, Kazem, Khaledifar, Arsalan, Khalili, Davood, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi Farsani, Alireza, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Sophia J, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kingston, Andrew, Klakk, Heidi, Klanova, Jana, Knoflach, Michael, Kolsteren, Patrick, König, Jürgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kujala, Urho M, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran, Kumari, Meena, Kutsenko, Vladimir, Kyobutungi, Catherine, La, Quang Ngoc, Laatikainen, Tiina, Labadarios, Demetre, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lall, Lachmie, Langsted, Anne, Lankila, Tiina, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Laurenzi, Martino, Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle, Lee, Jeannette, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Leung, Gabriel M, Lim, Charlie, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Yi-Jing, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Liping, Liu, Xiaotian, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lung, Thomas, Lustigová, Michala, Ma, Guansheng, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macia, Enguerran, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maestre, Gladys E, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Makdisse, Marcia, Makrilakis, Konstantinos, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malyutina, Sofia, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yannis, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Mapatano, Mala Ali, Marcil, Anie, Mardones, Francisco, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Masimango Imani, Mannix, Masinaei, Masoud, Masoodi, Shariq R, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matsha, Tandi E, Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Melgarejo, Jesus D, Méndez, Fabián, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Meto, Diane T, Michels, Nathalie, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Mohebbi, Iraj, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Montenegro Mendoza, Roger A, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradpour, Farhad, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N, Moschonis, George, Moslem, Alireza, Mosquera, Mildrey, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali, Mota, Eugen, Mota, Jorge, Mota, Maria, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L, Munroe, Patricia B, Mursu, Jaakko, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Norlaila, Muyer, Muel Telo MC, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Naseri, Take, Navarro-Ramírez, Ana J, Neelapaichit, Nareemarn, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Ng, Tze Pin, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Ni, Michael Y, Nie, Peng, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishi, Nobuo, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noda, Mitsuhiko, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nsour, Mohannad Al, Nuhoğlu, Irfan, Nyirenda, Moffat, O'Neill, Terence W, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Onodugo, Obinna, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osmond, Clive, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Ottendahl, Charlotte B, Otu, Akaninyene, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Pahomova, Elena, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pang, Zengchang, Panza, Francesco, Paoli, Mariela, Park, Suyeon, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patalen, Chona F, Patel, Nikhil D, Pechlaner, Raimund, Pećin, Ivan, Pedro, João M, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Pessôa dos Prazeres, Thaliane Mayara, Peykari, Niloofar, Phall, Modou Cheyassin, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Piler, Pavel, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Plata, Silvia, Popkin, Barry M, Porta, Miquel, Poudyal, Anil, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Puhakka, Soile, Punab, Margus, Qiao, Qing, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley K, Quoc Bao, Tran, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Raitakari, Olli, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramirez-Zea, Manuel, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Ramsay, Sheena E, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra P, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Redon, Josep, Renner, Jane DP, Reuter, Cézane P, Revilla, Luis, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Rho, Yeunsook, Rigo, Fernando, Riley, Leanne M, Risérus, Ulf, Roa, Reina G, Robinson, Louise, Rodríguez-Anderson, Wendy E, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, María del Cristo, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rodríguez, Andrea Y, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rohloff, Peter, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sabbaghi, Hamideh, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saghi, Mohammad Hossien, Saidi, Olfa, Sakata, Satoko, Saki, Nader, Šalaj, Sanja, Salanave, Benoit, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Rute, Santos, Tamara R, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sato, Yoko, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savin, Stefan, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schargrodsky, Herman, Scheidt-Nave, Christa, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Amand Floriaan, Schmidt, Börge, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schnohr, Peter, Schooling, Catherine Mary, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Sebert, Sylvain, Sedaghattalab, Moslem, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servais, Jennifer, Sewpaul, Ronel, Shalnova, Svetlana, Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Sharman, Almaz, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shiri, Rahman, Shoranov, Marat, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siedner, Mark J, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Sim, Xueling, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemysław, Smeeth, Liam, Söderberg, Stefan, Soemantri, Agustinus, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, Sousa-Uva, Mafalda, Sparrenberger, Karen, Staessen, Jan A, Stang, Andreas, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stessman, Jochanan, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Suarez-Ortegón, Milton F, Suebsamran, Phalakorn, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sun, Jianping, Sundström, Johan, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sylva, René Charles, Tai, E Shyong, Takuro, Furusawa, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tanabayev, Baimakhan, Tandon, Nikhil, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Taylor, Anne, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Timmermans, Erik J, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Topbas, Murat, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Triantafyllou, Areti, Trinh, Oanh TH, Tsao, Yu-Hsiang, Tsiampalis, Thomas, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuitele, John, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Turley, Maria L, Tzala, Evangelia, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, van den Born, Bert-Jan, Van der Heyden, Johan, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Verdot, Charlotte, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Villarroel, Luis, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Ari, Vrijheid, Martine, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wang, Chongjian, Wang, Huijun, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Weiqing, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Yi-Ren, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Webster-Kerr, Karen, Wedderkopp, Niels, Wei, Wenbin, Westbury, Leo D, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Więcek, Andrzej, Wijemunige, Nilmini, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Karin, Willeit, Peter, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Emily B, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Chao-Chun, Wu, Frederick C, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Xu, Yu, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Li, Yan, Weili, Yasuharu, Tabara, Yeh, Chao-Yu, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, San-Lin, Yu, Yu-Ling, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Lei, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zimmet, Paul, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio, and Ezzati, Majid
Published: 2024
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25. Analyzing who is relevant to engage in environmental decision-making processes by interests, influence and impact: The 3i framework

Author: Reed, M.S., Jensen, E.A., Noles, S., Conneely, D., Kendall, H., Raley, M., Tarrant, A., Oakley, N., Hinson, C., Hoare, V., Marshall, K., and Pugliese, L.
Published: 2025
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26. Underutilization of Influenza Vaccine

Author: Marshall K. Cheney and Robert John
Subjects: History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social Sciences
Abstract: Yearly influenza vaccination continues to be underutilized by those who would most benefit from it. The Health Belief Model was used to explain differences in beliefs about influenza vaccination among at-risk individuals resistant to influenza vaccination. Survey data were collected from 74 members of at-risk groups who were not vaccinated for influenza during the previous flu season. Accepting individuals were more likely to perceive flu as a threat to health and perceive access barriers, and cues to action were the most important influence on whether they plan to get vaccinated. In comparison, resistant individuals did not feel threatened by the flu, access barriers were not a problem, and they did not respond favorably to cues to action. Perceived threat, perceived access barriers, and cues to action were significantly associated with plans to be vaccinated for influenza in the next flu season. Participants who saw influenza as a threat to their health had 5.4 times the odds of planning to be vaccinated than those who did not. Participants reporting barriers to accessing influenza vaccination had 7.5 times the odds of reporting plans to be vaccinated. Those responding positively to cues to action had 12.2 times the odds of planning to be vaccinated in the next flu season than those who did not. Accepting and resistant individuals have significant differences in their beliefs, which require different intervention strategies to increase vaccination rates. These findings provide important information to researchers and practitioners working to increase influenza vaccination rates.
Published: 2013
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27. Farming, Reported Pesticide Use, and Prostate Cancer

Author: Camille Ragin PhD, MPH, Brionna Davis-Reyes, Helina Tadesse BS, Dennis Daniels MPH, DrPH, Clareann H. Bunker PhD, Maria Jackson PhD, Trevor S. Ferguson MD, Alan L. Patrick MD, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid MD, MPhil, DSc, and Emanuela Taioli MD, PhD
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the leading cancer type diagnosed in American men and is the second leading cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. Although studies have been conducted to investigate the association between prostate cancer and exposure to pesticides and/or farming, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the association of farming and prostate cancer. The PubMed database was searched to identify all published case–control studies that evaluated farming as an occupational exposure by questionnaire or interview and prostate cancer. Ten published and two unpublished studies were included in this analysis, yielding 3,978 cases and 7,393 controls. Prostate cancer cases were almost four times more likely to be farmers compared with controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; meta odds ratio [OR], crude = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96-7.48, Q -test p value = .352; two studies); similar results were obtained when non-BPH controls were considered, but with moderate heterogeneity between studies (meta OR crude = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.16-1.64, Q -test p value = .216, I 2 = 31% [95% CI = 0-73]; five studies). Reported pesticide exposure was inversely associated with prostate cancer (meta OR crude = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.96, Q -test p value = .331; four studies), whereas no association with exposure to fertilizers was observed. Our findings confirm that farming is a risk factor for prostate cancer, but this increased risk may not be due to exposure to pesticides.
Published: 2013
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28. Resilience and Low Substance Use Among Indigenous College Students from a Sexual Assault Prevention Study

Author: Armstrong, Cassidy M., Unger, Leslie D., Pomani, Savannah, Cole, Reagan, Morin, Erin, Cheney, Marshall K., Anderson, RaeAnn E., and Cole, Ashley B.
Published: 2023
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29. Excess Cardiovascular Risk Burden in Jamaican Women Does Not Influence Predicted 10-Year CVD Risk Profiles of Jamaica Adults: An Analysis of the 2007/08 Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey.

Author: Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Novie O Younger, Trevor S Ferguson, Damian K Francis, Abdullahi O Abdulkadri, Georgiana M Gordon-Strachan, Shelly R McFarlane, Colette A Cunningham-Myrie, Rainford J Wilks, and Simon G Anderson
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Black Caribbean women have a higher burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than their male counterparts. Whether this results in a difference in incident cardiovascular events is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the 10 year World Health Organization/International Society for Hypertension (WHO/ISH) CVD risk score for Jamaica and explore the effect of sex as well as obesity, physical activity and socioeconomic status on these estimates.Data from 40-74 year old participants in the 2007/08 Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey were used. Trained interviewers administered questionnaires and measured anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting glucose and cholesterol. Education and occupation were used to assess socioeconomic status. The Americas B tables were used to estimate the WHO/ISH 10 year CVD risk scores for the population. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated. Data from 1,432 (450 men, 982 women) participants were analysed, after excluding those with self-reported heart attack and stroke. The women had a higher prevalence of diabetes (19%W;12%M), hypertension (49%W;47%M), hypercholesterolemia (25%W;11%M), obesity (46%W;15%M) and physical inactivity (59%W;29%M). More men smoked (6%W;31%M). There was good agreement between the 10-year cardiovascular risk estimates whether or not cholesterol measurements were utilized for calculation (kappa -0.61). While 90% had a 10 year WHO/ISH CVD risk of less than 10%, approximately 2% of the population or 14,000 persons had a 10 year WHO/ISH CVD risk of ≥30%. As expected CVD risk increased with age but there was no sex difference in CVD risk distribution despite women having a greater risk factor burden. Women with low socioeconomic status had the most adverse CVD risk profile.Despite women having a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors there was no sex difference in 10-year WHO/ISH CVD risk in Jamaican adults.
Published: 2013
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30. Foot care and footwear practices among patients attending a specialist diabetes clinic in Jamaica

Author: Krystal A.T. Gayle, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Novie O. Younger, Damian K. Francis, Shelly R. McFarlane, Rosemarie A. Wright-Pascoe, Michael S. Boyne, Rainford J. Wilks, and Trevor S. Ferguson
Subjects: foot wear, foot care, diabetes, diabetic foot, Jamaica, Caribbean., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) Diabetes Clinic who engage in recommended foot care and footwear practices. Seventy-two participants from the UHWI Diabetes Clinic completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire on foot care practices and types of footwear worn. Participants were a subset of a sex-stratified random sample of clinic attendees and were interviewed in 2010. Data analysis included frequency estimates of the various foot care practices and types of footwear worn. Participants had a mean age of 57.0±14.3 years and mean duration of diabetes of 17.0±10.3 years. Fifty-three percent of participants reported being taught how to care for their feet, while daily foot inspection was performed by approximately 60% of participants. Most participants (90%) reported daily use of moisturizing lotion on the feet but almost 50% used lotion between the toes. In conclusion, approximately 85% of participants reported wearing shoes or slippers both indoors and outdoors but over 40% reported walking barefoot at some time. Thirteen percent wore special shoes for diabetes while over 80% wore shoes without socks at some time. Although much larger proportions reported wearing broad round toe shoes (82%) or leather shoes (64%), fairly high proportions reported wearing pointed toe shoes (39%), and 43% of women wore high heel shoes. Approximately 60% of patients at the UHWI diabetic clinic engage in daily foot inspection and other recommended practices, but fairly high proportions reported foot care or footwear choices that should be avoided.
Published: 2012
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31. The slipping slipper sign: a simple test with high specificity and positive predictive value for peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients

Author: Krystal A.T. Gayle, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Rainford J. Wilks, and Trevor S. Ferguson
Subjects: slipping slipper sign, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot, Jamaica., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: This study evaluated the ability of the slipping slipper sign (defined as unknowingly losing a slipper while walking) to identify diabetic neuropathy in Jamaican patients. A single question was used to ascertain the presence of the slipping slipper sign (SSS) among 69 patients attending a diabetes clinic. Nurses assessed pain, vibration and pressure perception among the same patients in order to detect diabetic neuropathy. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for the SSS were calculated. Eight participants (men=5, women=3) reported positive SSS. The SSS had a sensitivity of 28.6%, specificity of 100% and positive predictive value (PPV) 100% for neuropathy on at least one of the three tests. These findings indicate that the SSS has high specificity and PPV for diabetic neuropathy but the sensitivity is low. The sign may be a useful adjuvant to conventional methods of screening for severe neuropathy
Published: 2012
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32. Reported Hours of Sleep, Diabetes Prevalence and Glucose Control in Jamaican Adults: Analysis from the Jamaica Lifestyle Survey 2007-2008

Author: Chisa G. Cumberbatch, Novie O. Younger, Trevor S. Ferguson, Shelly R. McFarlane, Damian K. Francis, Rainford J. Wilks, and Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
Subjects: Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Background. There are limited data on sleep duration and diabetes from developing countries. We therefore examined the relationship between reported hours of sleep, diabetes prevalence and glucose control in Jamaican adults. Methods. Data on reported hours of sleep and diabetes (based on glucose measurement and medication use) from a national survey of 15–74-year-old Jamaicans were analyzed. Results. The 2,432 participants (31% M, Age 42±16 years, BMI 27.6±6.6 kg/m2, diabetes prevalence 12%) reported sleeping 8.2±1.8 hours. In men, sleeping less than 6 hours (OR (95% CI) = 2.65 (1.09–6.48)) or more than 10 hours (OR (95% CI) = 4.36 (1.56–12.19)) was associated with diabetes when adjusted for age, BMI, and family history of diabetes. In women sleeping less than 6 hours was associated with a reduced likelihood of diabetes after adjusting for the same confounders ((OR (95% CI) = 0.43 (0.23–0.78)). There was no significant association between sleep and glucose control. Conclusion. Insufficient and excessive sleep was associated with increased diabetes prevalence in Jamaican men but not women.
Published: 2011
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33. Situations and roles of cannabis versus cigarette use: Integrating ecological momentary assessment with qualitative mapping interviews

Author: McQuoid, Julia, Regan, Timothy, Devkota, Janardan, Cheney, Marshall K., Kumar, Vaishnavi, Oehlers, Julia, Lopez-Paguyo, Kekoa, Nguyen, Nhung, Meacham, Meredith C., Ling, Pamela M., and Thrul, Johannes
Published: 2024
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34. General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants

Author: Zhou, Bin, Bennett, James E, Wickham, Aidan P, Singleton, Rosie K, Mishra, Anu, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Ikeda, Nayu, Jain, Lakshya, Barradas-Pires, Ana, Heap, Rachel A, Lhoste, Victor PF, Sheffer, Kate E, Phelps, Nowell H, Rayner, Archie W, Gregg, Edward W, Woodward, Mark, Stevens, Gretchen A, Iurilli, Maria LC, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Bovet, Pascal, Chen, Zhengming, Damasceno, Albertino, Filippi, Sarah L, Janszky, Imre, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Khunti, Kamlesh, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lissner, Lauren, Margozzini, Paula, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McGarvey, Stephen T, Shaw, Jonathan E, Söderberg, Stefan, Soto-Mota, Luis Adrián, Wang, Junyang, Zaccardi, Francesco, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Abdul Ghaffar, Suhaila, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adam, Ishag, Adamczyk, Marzena, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadi, Nastaran, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Hinai, Halima, Al-Lawati, Jawad A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Al Asfoor, Deena, Al Hourani, Huda M, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alieva, Anna V, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkhatib, Buthaina M, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiano Etxezarreta, Pilar, Amougou, Norbert, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Androutsos, Odysseas, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anufrieva, Elena, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Assah, Felix K, Assembekov, Batyrbek, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Auvinen, Juha, Avdičová, Mária, Azad, Kishwar, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Bacopoulou, Flora, Bahijri, Suhad, Bajramovic, Izet, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Baran, Rafał, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbosa Filho, Valter, Barceló, Alberto, Baretić, Maja, Barnoya, Joaquin, Barrera, Lena, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Aline P, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Baur, Louise A, Bayauli, Pascal M, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedek, Theodora, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Benitez Rolandi, Gilda Estela, Benzeval, Michaela, Bere, Elling, Berger, Nicolas, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bettiol, Heloísa, Beybey, Augustin F, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bika Lele, Elysée Claude, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Borghs, Herman, Botomba, Steve, Bourne, Rupert, Boymatova, Khadichamo, Braeckman, Lutgart, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Briceño, Yajaira, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bringolf-Isler, Bettina, Brito, Miguel, Brug, Johannes, Bugge, Anna, Buntinx, Frank, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burns, Con, Cabrera de León, Antonio, Caixeta, Roberta B, Cama, Tilema, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Cañete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Čapková, Naděžda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Rocco, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Maribel, Censi, Laura, Cervantes‐Loaiza, Marvin, Chamnan, Parinya, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Nish, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Long-Sheng, Cheng, Yiling J, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chinapaw, Mai JM, Chinnock, Anne, 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Published: 2024
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35. Efficacy and implementation of exercise-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity (STEP): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author: Smits, Jasper A.J., Zvolensky, Michael J., Cheney, Marshall K., Rosenfield, David, Brown, Richard A., Manser, Stacy Stevens, Otto, Michael W., Freeman, Slaton Z., Sarmiento, Marla I., and Thureen, Sydney E.
Published: 2024
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36. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: Phelps, Nowell H, Singleton, Rosie K, Zhou, Bin, Heap, Rachel A, Mishra, Anu, Bennett, James E, Paciorek, Christopher J, Lhoste, Victor PF, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Stevens, Gretchen A, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Danaei, Goodarz, Rayner, Archie W, Barradas-Pires, Ana, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Riley, Leanne M, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Baker, Jennifer L, Barkat, Amina, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Branca, Francesco, Caixeta, Roberta B, Cuschieri, Sarah, Farzadfar, Farshad, Ganapathy, Shubash, Ikeda, Nayu, Iotova, Violeta, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Ma, Jun, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Miranda, J Jaime, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Sorić, Maroje, Turley, Maria, Wang, Limin, Webster-Kerr, Karen, Aarestrup, Julie, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Abdul Ghaffar, Suhaila, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya, 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Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saghi, Mohammad Hossien, Saidi, Olfa, Saieva, Calogero, Sakata, Satoko, Saki, Nader, Šalaj, Sanja, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salhanova, Akkumis, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sánchez Rodríguez, Inés, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Santa-Marina, Loreto, Santacruz, Ethel, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Santos, Tamara R, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schaffrath Rosario, Angelika, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schindler, Karin, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Börge, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schneider, Andrea, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schultz, Gry, Schulze, Matthias B, Schutte, Aletta E, Sebert, Sylvain, Sedaghattalab, Moslem, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Guillermo, Serra-Majem, Luis, Servais, Jennifer, Ševčíková, Ľudmila, Sewpaul, Ronel, Shalnova, Svetlana, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Sharman, Almaz, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shimony, Tal, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Sidossis, Labros S, Silitrari, Natalia, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Caroline Ramos de Moura, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Kelly Samara, Sim, Xueling, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skoblina, Elena V, Skoblina, Natalia A, Slazhnyova, Tatyana, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemysław, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Solovieva, Yuliya V, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Soofi, Sajid, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Sossa Jérome, Charles, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spencer, Phoebe R, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stang, Andreas, Starc, Gregor, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Steinsbekk, Silje, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanović, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, 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Maciej, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Mądry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Tremblay, Mark S, Triantafyllou, Areti, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsintavis, Panagiotis, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuitele, John, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzala, Evangelia, Tzotzas, Themistoklis, Tzourio, Christophe, Udoji, Nwannedimma, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, van den Born, Bert-Jan, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Lippevelde, Wendy, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van 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Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wartha, Olivia, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Westbury, Leo D, Whincup, Peter H, Wichstrøm, Lars, Wickramasinghe, Kremlin, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Więcek, Andrzej, Wild, Philipp S, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wirth, James P, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Woldeyohannes, Meseret, Wolf, Kathrin, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Emily B, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Hon-Yen, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Wyszyńska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Li, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yasuharu, Tabara, Yépez García, Martha, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yngve, Agneta, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Yotov, Yoto, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yu, Yu-Ling, Yu, Yunjiang, Yusof, Safiah Md, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zayed, Ayman A, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Żegleń, Magdalena, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana, Zeng, Yi, Zentai, Andrea, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhecheva, Yanitsa V, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zimmet, Paul, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio, Zuziak, Monika, and Ezzati, Majid
Published: 2024
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37. Acceptability and use of waist-worn physical activity monitors in Jamaican adolescents: lessons from the field

Author: Smith, Joanne A., Christie, Sara-Lou, Rockette-Wagner, Bonny, Wilson, Lorraine, Govia, Ishtar O., Facey, Keri-Ann, and Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.
Published: 2023
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38. Recognising & responding to defendants with intellectual disability in court settings

Author: McCarthy, J., Chaplin, E., Harvey, D., Tate-Marshall, K., Ali, S., and Forrester, A.
Published: 2023
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39. The Jamaica Salt Consumption Study Protocol: Sodium Intake; Sodium Content in Restaurant Foods; Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices; Spot Urine Sodium Validation [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Author: Trevor S. Ferguson, Karen Webster-Kerr, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Nadia R. Bennett, James Ho, Tamu Davidson, Andriene Grant, Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson, Ishtar Govia, Suzanne Soares-Wynter, Novie Younger-Coleman, Joette McKenzie, Evelyn Walker, Simon Anderson, Sharmaine Edwards, and Simone Spence
Subjects: Study Protocol, Articles, Jamaica, salt intake, sodium content, urinary sodium, salt reduction strategies, knowledge attitudes and practices, restaurant foods
Abstract: Background Excess dietary salt consumption is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Public education programs on the dangers of high salt intake, and population level interventions to reduce the salt content in foods are possible strategies to address this problem. In Jamaica, there are limited data on the levels of salt consumption and the population’s knowledge and practices with regards to salt consumption. This study therefore aims to obtain baseline data on salt consumption, salt content in foods sold in restaurants, and evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jamaicans regarding salt consumption. Methods The study is divided into four components. Component 1 will be a secondary analysis of data on urinary sodium from spot urine samples collected as part of a national survey, the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016-2017. Component 2 will be a survey of chain and non-chain restaurants in Jamaica, to estimate the sodium content of foods sold in restaurants. Component 3 is another national survey, this time on a sample 1,200 individuals to obtain data on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding salt consumption and estimation of urinary sodium excretion. Component 4 is a validation study to assess the level of agreement between spot urine sodium estimates and 24-hour urinary sodium from 120 individuals from Component 3. Discussion This study will provide important baseline data on salt consumption in Jamaica and will fulfil the first components of the World Health Organization SHAKE Technical Package for Salt Reduction. The findings will serve as a guide to Jamaica’s Ministry of Health and Wellness in the development of a national salt reduction program. Findings will also inform interventions to promote individual and population level sodium reduction strategies as the country seeks to achieve the national target of a 30% reduction in salt consumption by 2025.
Published: 2023
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40. Potential Risk Factors for Cigarette Use among a Sample of College JUUL Users

Author: Dobbs, Page D., Hodges, Elise J., Dunlap, Chris M., and Cheney, Marshall K.
Abstract: Objective: To examine the relationship between demographics, other tobacco use, and JUUL dependency on combustible cigarette use among college JUUL users. Participants: Undergraduates (n = 595) at a large southwestern university who used JUUL weekly completed a cross-sectional online survey in March 2019. Methods: Logistic regressions examined associations between covariates and ever use/past 30-day use of cigarettes. Results: As age increased, odds of ever trying a cigarette increased (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.45-2.41); however, as age of JUUL initiation increased, odds of ever (AOR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65-0.99) or past 30-day (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63-0.97) cigarette use decreased. Those moderately (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.07-3.82) or highly (AOR = 8.01; 95% CI = 3.08-20.83) dependent on JUUL were more likely to have tried cigarettes than those not dependent. However, dependence was not associated with past 30-day use. Conclusions: JUUL users may not transition to combustible cigarettes during college. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine transitions in JUUL users' tobacco product use after college.
Published: 2022
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41. An exploration of neighbourhood team members experiences of the transition from traditional health and social care teams to integrated care systems, within a defined health and social care economy

Author: Marshall, K. A.
Subjects: 362.1068
Abstract: The UK is undergoing changes in the demographics and epidemiology of the population. To tackle this, successive UK governments have introduced policies focused on transforming health and social care from its traditional forms into integrated care systems. Previous research has demonstrated that people are essential in the transformation process which is often complex and requires structural, practical, and cultural change. Despite this focus, there has been a lack of frontline research on the real-time experiences of practitioners tasked with making integration real from the outset. This study attempts to address this gap. It presents a faithful representation of the experiences of two teams, one from health, one from social work, as they moved through the initial stages of integration. The study uses an adapted institutional ethnographic approach (Smith, 2005), which involved observing two teams as they came together to form an integrated neighbourhood team over a nine-month period. The use of this approach ensured that the reporting of the team's experience was from their perspectives and considered the wider external factors that influenced those experiences. The analysis of the findings identifies several key factors in how teams experience integration that could influence future policy. These areas included: the imperative of a local narrative for integration; the place of hope and hopefulness in uniting teams; the importance of 'Bottom-up' action; the imperative of joint leadership. The process of integration was not a linear one but one where teams move through a process of converging and separating from each other. Based on the findings a framework has been developed to assist organisations in the development of integrated teams.
Published: 2020

42. Powered Hip Exoskeleton Reduces Residual Hip Effort Without Affecting Kinematics and Balance in Individuals With Above-Knee Amputations During Walking.

Author: Marshall K. Ishmael, Andrew J. Gunnell, Kai Pruyn, Suzi Creveling, Grace Hunt, Sarah Hood, Dante Archangeli, K. Bo Foreman, and Tommaso Lenzi
Published: 2023
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43. Health following recovery from immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: the patient’s perspective

Author: Kelley, Rachel A., Cheney, Marshall K., Martin, Clare M., Cataland, Spero, Quick, Lauren B., Keller, San, Vesely, Sara K., Llaneza, Amanda J., Khawandanah, Mohamad O., Journeycake, Janna M., Panepinto, Julie A., and Terrell, Deirdra R.
Published: 2023
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