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The design procedure considered in the Japanese code for low-rise timber houses (two or fewer stories), is through a wall volume method. The wall volume method entails calculating the shear...

Recently, water cooling has become one of the major cooling solutions for electronic devices operating in high heat-flux applications. In the near future, it is expected that much lower thermal resistances at smaller flow rates than current water cooling solutions will be required. This paper discusses the operational criteria and thermal performance of a pump-driven two-phase cooling system that we have developed to meet future thermal expectations. The thermal performance of this cooling system was tested with Fluorinert as the working fluid. It was found that the pumping power of this two-phase cooling system was at least 10 times lower than that of a water cooling system at the same thermal performance level. It was also revealed that a layer of micro-powder sintered onto the surfaces of the evaporator plate fins enhanced the mean heat transfer coefficient around 1.4 times higher than that of non-sintered surface at a flow rate lower than 0.4 L/min.

症例は60歳代男性．盲腸癌に対して結腸右半切除術を行った2年後，転移性右肺腫瘍に対して右肺部分切除術を行った．さらにその1年後に，FDG-PET検査で右副腎転移と診断し，右副腎摘出術を行った．現在多発性肺転移を認めており，化学療法施行中である． 副腎は悪性腫瘍による血行性転移の好発部位であるが，副腎転移を発見された時には，すでに他臓器転移を来していることが多く，副腎転移を切除された症例は極めてまれである．結腸·直腸癌の副腎転移切除例の報告は，これまでに自験例を含めて36例であり，臨床的特徴について検討した．原発巣は左側大腸，特に直腸に多かった．直腸癌からの副腎転移は左右ほぼ均等であったが，結腸癌からは右側副腎転移が多かった．副腎転移切除後の成績は，肝転移切除後の成績と比較すると生存率が著しく低く，他臓器に再発する可能性も高かった．それゆえ結腸·直腸癌の副腎転移に対しては，手術単独ではなく化学療法や放射線療法も選択肢に加えて治療する必要があると考えた．

リハビリテーションの治療において，視覚的フィードバックを利用して指導する機会は多い。今回，手指の随意運動における視覚的確認の影響について機能的MRIを用いて分析し，脳の賦活分布を検討した。運動課題を自己ペースで閉眼にて行う場合と，鏡を通して視覚的確認をしながら行う場合とを比較した。視覚的確認を行うことにより，対側感覚運動野の賦活範囲が増大する傾向が示唆された。また，後頭葉の賦活以外に，前頭葉，頭頂葉，側頭葉においても賦活が増加する傾向があり，さらに運動と同側の感覚運動野の賦活もみられる傾向があった。以上の賦活領域の拡大は，リハビリテーションにおける視覚情報の活用の有効性に関連しているのではないかと考えられた。

In this paper, the development of wooden damping wall with oil damper is described. The purpose of the new damper system is to reduce a maximum story drift during severe earthquakes (20% reduction by the addition of two shear walls). The main approach to achieve this objective is to design joints resisting high shear strength, to develop and verify the high performance oil damper and to assess the shear performance and story drift using time history response analysis method.The dynamic shear wall tests were also carried out to confirm the analytical study.

In recent years, we have seen an explosion in the use of smart devices. With several different competing OS platforms on these smart devices, developers have turned to web applications as an effective way to provide cross-platform services. However, because many web applications are designed to handle UI interactions locally on a user’s device and to process data remotely in the cloud, it is difficult for them to continue running while offline. In this paper, we propose a data synchronization technology that buffers and minimize network communications to address problems associated with dropped network connections as well as low bandwidth and/or high latency environments. To test the technology’s effectiveness, we applied it to some typical web applications and compared their performance in environments with dropped connections.

目的:脳卒中既往患者における開腹手術のリスク評価を検討した.方法: 2002年1月から3年間に脳卒中で入院歴を有し,開腹手術を行った77例を対象とした.手術のリスク評価のために術後合併症のあり群(n=33)となし群(n=44)に分けて,術前因子,血液検査,手術因子, POSSUMの比較を行った.結果:入院死亡は4例(5.2%)であった.術前因子,検査では年齢,脳出血後,呼吸器障害あり, performance status 2以上,アルブミン値,コリンエステラーゼ値の6項目で有意差が認められた.手術因子では緊急手術と出血量で, POSSUMでは3項目で有意差が認められた.結論:脳卒中既往症例の開腹手術における術前リスク評価の指標として, performance statusとPOSSUMは有用であった.

【目的】高齢者における消化器手術のリスク評価法としてPOSSUM scoreの有用性について検討した.【方法】1996年から2003年までに全麻下に手術を行った80歳以上の高齢者251例を対象とした.術後合併症のあり群(n=88)となし群(n=163)に分けて,術前因子,血液データ,手術因子, POSSUMの検討を行った.【結果】0.1%以下の有意差が認められた項目は白血球数,緊急手術,腹膜炎,およびPOSSUMのphysiological score (PS), operative severity score (OS), predicted mortality rate, predicted morbidity rateの7項目であった. PS 25点以上をhigh riskとすると,術後合併症発生率はhigh risk groupでは45/64 (70%)であり, low risk group (43/187, 23%)にくらべて有意に高率であった.【結論】高齢者における消化器手術のリスク評価の指標としてPOSSUM scoreは有用である.術前のPSにより術後合併症発生率のhigh risk groupを選定できる.

The structure of a sulfated polysaccharide (B-1) isolated and purified from the culture filtrate of marine Pseudomonas sp. WAK-1 was revised to have a repeating unit as follows: -2)-beta-D-Galp(4SO4)(1-4)[beta-D-Glcp(1-6)]-beta-D-Galp(3SO4)(1-. B-1 was evaluated for anticancer activity using a human cancer cell line panel coupled with a drug sensitivity database. The average B-1 concentration required for 50% growth inhibition against the panel of 39 cell lines was 63.2 micro g/ml. Among the cancer cell lines tested, high sensitivities to B-1 were observed in central nervous system cancer and lung cancer cell lines. The COMPARE analysis revealed that the differential growth inhibition pattern of B-1 had no significant correlation with those of more than 200 standard compounds, most of which were anticancer drugs and different types of inhibitors. This lack of similarities in the cytotoxic patterns appears to reflect previously unrecognized biological properties of B-1. It was revealed that B-1 induced apoptosis in U937 cells, as shown by cell morphology and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation.

Various techniques have been studied in order to realize high-speed wireless network. Many wireless transmission technologies are usually validated by theoretical analysis or computer simulations assuming ideal conditions. However, actual wireless transmission performance may be degraded by the error caused by hardware limitation. Therefore, it is necessary to validate these techniques by hardware simulations for practical use. Furthermore, the visualization of the waveform by an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer is helpful for promotion of research. Cognitive radio system which can change the modulation scheme, i.e. adaptively by rewriting the software, has attracted attention. There is a great demand for general purpose software defined wireless transmitter and receiver. Such wireless transmitter and receiver can be realized using signal generator and vector signal analyzer which are commercial products. However, these equipments are most of the time expensive. There exist also inexpensive devices like H8 microcomputer board. This can be programmed using C language. However, because of the limitation of H8 microcomputer board hardware performance, high-end functions are not available and the size of variable is limited. In this paper, we build a 2-hop wireless transmission simulator by using a single H8 board microcomputer. The signals are visualized by an oscilloscope. The bit error rate performance is evaluated and the results well agree with the theoretical values.

A 76-year-old woman was seen at the hospital because of a left anterior neck tumor. Physical examination revealed a 7.5×4.5cm hard mass in the left lobe of her thyroid. Based on the findings of the aspiration biopsy cytology, the tumor was diagnosed as papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A subtotal thyroidectomy and a modified radical neck dissection were performed (T4, Ex2, Nla). Because the huge tumor and the metastatic lymph nodes invaded the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, the nerve was sacrificed. We could not anastomose the recurrent laryngeal nerve directly because the proximal edge of the nerve could not be identified. Furthermore, we could not use the left ansa cervicalis for the reconstruction because of its condition. So we anastomosed the distal stump of left recurrent laryngeal narve to the right ansa cervicalis which was brought up by passed in front of the trachea. After the operation, hoarseness due to unilateral vocal cord paralysis was observed. But her voice was improved gradually. Five mouths later, the patient was satisfied with her voice. Recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction with contralateral ansa cervicalis was effective for the improvement of the phonation of the patient who underwent recurrent nerve severance.

We report a case of bile duct cystadenocarcinoma of the liver with obstructive jaundice. An 83-year old man was admitted to the hospital because of jaundice. PTCD was performed for obstructive jaundice. Since a discharge from PTCD tube was mucous substrates and on imaging diagnosis multicystic lesion existed in the right lobe of the liver, we diagnosed the case as bile duct cystadenocarcinoma of the liver. Then an extended right lobectomy and a resection of the extrahepatic bile duct with lymph node dissection were performed. Histologically bile duct cystadenocarcinoma was confirmed. It is speculated that our case might come from malignant change of cystadenoma, because of the existence of the transitional zone of adenoma and cancerous cells. The tumor invaded the hepatic parenchyma, portal vein and billiary tract, but lymph node metastasis was not found. The patient is doing well and there has been no recurrence as of 2 years and 9 months after the surgery. The prognosis of invasive type of bile duct cystadenocarcinoma is relatively poorer than non-invasive type, but we speculate that improvement of the prognosis can be acquired by surgical resection.

血液透析患者に発生した大腿骨近位部骨折に対して，骨接合術・人工骨頭置換術を施行し，成績について検討した．当院にて平成13年4月から平成19年6月までの期間に手術治療を施した15股14人．転子部骨折4例，頚基部骨折3例，頸部骨折8例であった．転子部骨折4例に対する骨接合術は全例に骨癒合を認めた．頚基部骨折3例と頸部骨折2例に対する骨接合術は2例に偽関節を生じた．頸部骨折6例に対して人工骨頭置換術を施行し，経過観察中にゆるみ等の術後合併症を認めなかったが，2例に脱臼を認めた．全症例において，周術期の大量出血や術後感染といった重篤な合併症は起こらなかった．また，術後3年以内に1/3の5人は死亡していた．血液透析患者の大腿骨頚部骨折に対する骨接合術の適応は慎重に考慮する必要があると考えられた．

In this paper, heat pipes and piezo fan, in combination as well as individually, has been proposed to provide very thin thermal solutions for high density electronic packaging. Ultra-thin heat pipes with thickness in range of 0.6 to 2 mm have been developed to transfer maximum heat load of 0.8 to 68W respectively. These heat pipes have been fabricated from copper-water combination with center fiber copper wick. Different type of piezo fans (low frequency flapping type, high flow rate type and high velocity impingement type) with small thickness ~ 0.8 to 2 mm, low power consumption and high reliability has been proposed and characterized. These fans can provide direct cooling system or can be combined with thin heat pipe to provide remote heat exchanger. Using these thin advanced thermal technologies, cooling modules with thermal capability of 3 to 10 W and maximum thickness of 0.7 to 6 mm respectively has been designed and characterized. In summary, thermal technologies and cooling modules developed in this research work will provide energy efficient and thin thermal management solutions for space conservative high density electronics.

In this paper, we propose a 6 type items model of Green-oriented Management Information Base (G-MIB) to monitor the network device status and aim it for standardization in IETF. The G-MIB has versatility and is easy to implement. Thus, the G-MIB has attracted attention in IETF meeting held at Orland in March 2013. Based on the G-MIB, we have been investigating a Green-oriented Network Management Framework to realize an energy-saving network system even without using power consumption monitoring device such as a smart tap (a power strip with a function to measure power consumptions). It monitors connection status of network device based on network management technology and detects power consumption of each device based on network connectivity in real time.

Until recently, effective cooling solutions with high performance were required especially in data-centers and super computers because of the huge and ever-increasing power consumption in these applications. Water cooling systems have been considered for use in the cooling of large scale data-centers and super computers. For the cooling of super computer CPUs, a water cooling system using advanced cold plate technology is reconsidered. The thermal resistance of a cold plate for cooling the CPU is required to dissipate 80 to 100W of heat at 0.05 K/W. Also, in this application, the cold plate is required to be mechanically reliable in withstanding a cooling water pressure of 1MPa. We adopted a micro-channel structure as a heat transfer surface of this cold plate and developed a new brazing method so that the tips of the micro-channel fins are bonded to the inside of cover plate of the cold plate. In collaboration with a customer in charge of the design, we completed the water cooling unit consisting of cold plates, pipes and coupler manifold, assembled by brazing. Finally, the high volume products were manufactured with reliability inspection (pressure test and helium leakage test) and used to effectively cool the CPUs of an advanced super computer, which was awarded the fastest super computer record. Water cooling technology provides effective high capacity cooling in compact space limits, and has been widely used in applications like fiber laser machines and others. This paper describes the development of cold plate with micro-channels and its applications.

A natural sulphated mucopolysaccharide (OKU40), extracted from a marine plant Dinoflagellata, and an artificial sulphated polysaccharide (OKU41), prepared from a marine Pseudomonas, displayed antiviral activities against several enveloped viruses. OKU40 and OKU41 were found to be homogenous in electrophoresis and sedimation velocity and had a molecular weight of 8.0 × 1065.0 × 105respectively. The sulphation rate of OKU40 and OKU41 was 8.9% and 5.4%, respectively. Each OKU40 and OKU41 inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), type 2 (HIV-2) and zidovudineresistant HIV-1 in MT-4 cells at similar concentrations to those of dextran sulphate (molecular weight: 5000) (50% inhibitory concentrations: 0.86-1.95 μg mL−1), whereas these compounds did not affect the growth and viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells at concentrations up to 500 μg mL−1. These compounds proved inhibitory not only to HIV-1 and HIV-2 but also to other enveloped viruses, i.e. herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza virus A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus. OKU40 and OKU41 suppressed syncytium formation induced by cocultivation of MOLT-4/IIIb and MOLT-4 cells at concentrations higher than 20 μg mL−1. Although OKU41 inhibited the binding of HIV-1 to the host cells and the binding of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120, OKU40 did not inhibit these bindings, suggesting that the mechanism of anti-HIV activity of OKU40 and OKU41 may be primarily due to the inhibition of virus-cell fusion and viral adsorption to the host cells, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds did not inhibit to the blood coagulation process at a concentration that was significantly inhibitory to HIV replication. The compounds appear to have an interesting potential as virucidal agents.