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In this study, an electrical generator was designed for a wave energy converter in which the electricity is generated via horizontal axis-oriented Darrieus turbines installed in the naturally oscillating water near the breaking wave zone. The design goal is to achieve an average output power of >10 kW at 180 rpm, with safe underwater installation and waterproof construction. To verify the expected performance, a scaled-down generator was built with identical configurations, with the stack length reduced from 400 mm to 60 mm, and the expected output power reduced to >1 kW at 180 rpm under test conditions. The evaluation results showed that the desired characteristics were achieved with an output power of 1356 W at 180 rpm and an efficiency of 80.1%. Further, our height-adjustable platform ensures high efficiency at both low and high tide. The variable stack length in our WEC design allows the output power to be adapted to the specific location conditions. Once the experimental tests with the small-scale turbines are accomplished, we plan to conduct field tests with our full-scale wave energy converter.

Early diagnosis and management of liver trauma with hemorrhagic shock occasionally necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving emergency services, radiology, and the operating room, to control significant hemorrhage. In recent years, the use of all-in-one resuscitation rooms in Japan, known as hybrid emergency rooms (ER), has been expanding for trauma care. We present a case of a 50-year-old man with penetrating liver trauma that was rapidly treated in the hybrid ER from diagnosis to definitive care from surgery to angioembolization without transferring the patient (240 minutes). The use of the hybrid ER system may improve survival rates in cases of penetrating torso trauma due to a shortened duration from patient arrival to diagnosis.

Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) can temporarily control arterial hemorrhage in torso trauma; however, the abdominal visceral blood flow is also blocked by REBOA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of REBOA on gastrointestinal function.Methods A retrospective review identified all trauma patients admitted to our trauma center between 2008 and 2019. We used propensity score matching analysis to compare the gastrointestinal function between subjects who underwent REBOA and those who did not. Data on demographics, feeding intolerance (FI), time to feeding goal achievement, and complications were retrieved.Results During the study period, 55 patients underwent REBOA. A total of 1694 patients met the inclusion criteria, 27 of whom were a subset of those who underwent REBOA. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the REBOA and no-REBOA groups were assigned 22 patients each. Patients in the REBOA group had a significantly higher incidence of FI (77% vs. 27%; OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 2.31 to 35.7; p=0.002) and longer time to feeding goal achievement (8 vs. 6 days, p=0.022) than patients in the no-REBOA group. Patients in the REBOA group also showed significantly prolonged durations of ventilator use (8 vs. 4 days, p=0.023). Furthermore, there was no difference in the mortality rate between the groups (9% vs. 9%, p=1.000).Conclusions REBOA was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Our study findings can be useful in providing guidance on managing nutrition in trauma patients who undergo REBOA.Level of evidence Level IVStudy type Care management

Abstract Background An increasing number of older patients require emergency abdominal surgery for acute abdomen. They are susceptible to surgical stress and lose their independence in performing daily activities. Laparoscopic surgery is associated with faster recovery, less postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay. However, few studies have examined the relationship between laparoscopic surgery and physical functional decline. Thus, we aimed to examine the relationship between changes in physical function and the surgical procedure. Methods In this was a single-center, retrospective cohort study, we enrolled patients who were aged ≥ 65 years and underwent emergency abdominal surgery for acute abdomen between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. We assessed their activities of daily living using the Barthel Index. Functional decline was defined as a decrease of ≥ 20 points in Barthel Index at 28 days postoperatively, compared with the preoperative value. We evaluated an association between functional decline and surgical procedures among older patients, using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results During the study period, 852 patients underwent emergency abdominal surgery. Among these, 280 patients were eligible for the analysis. Among them, 94 underwent laparoscopic surgery, while 186 underwent open surgery. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery showed a less functional decline at 28 days postoperatively (6 vs. 49, p

Abstract Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is caused by severe arterial blockage with reduction of blood flow. The aim of this study was to determine whether therapeutic angiogenesis using cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) would be useful for treating CLI in an animal model. Recombinant CCN2 was administered intramuscularly to male C57BL/6J mice with hind limb ischemia. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by monitoring blood flow in the ischemic hind limb. In an in vivo assay, CCN2 restored blood flow in the ischemic hind limb by promoting both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression levels increased in the ischemic limb after treatment with CCN2. In an in vitro assay, CCN2 promoted proliferation of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, and it upregulated expression of Tgfb1 followed by expression of Vegfc and Vegfr3 in lymphatic endothelial cells under hypoxia. Suppression of Tgfb1 did not affect the activity of CCN2, activation of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, or expression of Vegfr3 in lymphatic endothelial cells. In summary, treatment using recombinant CCN2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for CLI.

Lymphedema is an intractable disease with few effective therapeutic options. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for this disease. However, its use is limited by the cost and time for preparation. Recently, xenotransplantation of porcine MSCs has emerged as an alternative to autologous MSC transplantation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the usefulness of neonatal porcine bone marrow–derived MSC (NpBM-MSC) xenotransplantation for the treatment of lymphedema. One million NpBM-MSCs were xenotransplanted into the hind limbs of mice with severe lymphedema (MSC transplantation group). The therapeutic effects were assessed by measuring the femoral circumference, the volume of the hind limb, the number and diameter of lymphatic vessels in the hind limb, and lymphatic flow using a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system. We compared the effects using mice with lymphedema that did not undergo NpBM-MSC transplantation (negative control group). The condition of the transplanted NpBM-MSCs was also evaluated histologically. The femoral circumference and volume of the hind limb had been normalized by postoperative day (POD) 14 in the MSC transplantation group, but not in the negative control group ( P = 0.041). NIRF imaging revealed that lymphatic flow had recovered in the MSC transplantation group by POD 14, as shown by an increase in luminance in the hind limb. Histological assessment also showed that the xenotransplantation of NpBM-MSC increased the proliferation of lymphatic vessels, but they had been rejected by POD 14. The xenotransplantation of NpBM-MSCs is an effective treatment for lymphedema, and this is mediated through the promotion of lymphangiogenesis.

Abstract Background Older individuals increasingly require emergency abdominal surgeries. They are susceptible to surgical stress and loss of independence in performing daily activities. We hypothesized that the psoas muscle volume would be significantly associated with postoperative functional decline (FD) in older patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery and aimed to evaluate the use of the psoas muscle volume on computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods A retrospective, single-center study of patients aged ≥ 65 years who had undergone emergency abdominal surgery between January 2019 and June 2021 was performed. We assessed patients’ activities of daily living using the Barthel Index. FD was defined as a ≥ 5-point decrease between preoperative and 28-day postoperative values. The psoas muscle volume was measured by CT, which was used for diagnosis, and normalized by height to calculate total psoas muscle index (TPI). We evaluated associations between FD and TPI using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Of 238 eligible patients, 71 (29.8%) had clinical postoperative FD. Compared to the non-FD group, the FD group was significantly older and had a higher proportion of females, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, lower body mass index, higher American Society of Anesthesiology score, lower serum albumin level, and lower TPI. ROC analyses revealed that TPI had the highest area under the curve (0.802; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.86). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that low TPI was an independent predictor of postoperative FD (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06–0.32). Conclusions TPI can predict postoperative FD due to emergency abdominal surgery. Identification of patients who are at high risk of FD before surgery may be useful for enhancing the regionalized system of care for emergency general surgery.

Abstract This study evaluates the progress of efficient energy use and the control of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Japan between 1990 and 2012. A new indicator of energy performance is presented called environmental energy efficiency (EEE). The EEE of manufacturing industries was measured by each prefecture in Japan. We estimated the influencing factors of EEE for each industry by applying the pooled mean group (PMG) method. Our findings are as follows: First, the Japanese manufacturing industry has not been in line with the EEE improvement goals since the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. However, the progress of each industry was relatively consistent by region. Second, EEE tends to improve and then deteriorate or monotonically increase as economic development progresses. Third, EEE is raised by expanding industry share. Finally, EEE, which focuses on energy reduction, is likely to increase with the progress of energy-saving technology.

Background: Nonoperative management (NOM) is the standard treatment for hemodynamically stable blunt splenic injury (BSI). However, NOM failure is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. We developed a clinical risk scoring system for NOM failure in BSI. Methods: Data from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed. Eligible patients were restricted to those who underwent NOM with high-grade BSI (Organ Injury Scale ≥3). The primary outcome was a predictive score for NOM failure based on risk estimation. Results: There were 1651 patients included in this analysis, among whom 110 (6.7%) patients had NOM failure. Multivariate analysis identified seven variables associated with failed NOM: systolic blood pressure, Glasgow coma scale, Injury Severity Score, other concomitant abdominal injury, pelvic injury, high-grade BSI, and angioembolization. An eight-point predictive score was developed with a cut-off of greater than 5 points (specificity, 98.2%; sensitivity, 25.5%) with an area under the curve of 0.81. Conclusion: The clinical predictive score had good ability to predict NOM failure and may help surgeons to make better decisions for BSI.

Background:. Lymphedema is an intractable disease for which there is currently no established curative therapy. A reliable and long-lasting lymphedema model is essential for development of better treatments. In this study, we aimed to establish a simple, reproducible and long-lasting mouse model of lymphedema. Methods:. Our model is characterized by a combination of a circumferential skin incision in the femoral region, complete dissection of regional lymph nodes, and ablation of the inguinal route in the femoral region. The characteristics of the lymphedema were evaluated and compared with those of two other models. One of these models involved dissection of the subiliac, popliteal, and sciatic lymph nodes (model A) and the other excision of the subiliac, popliteal, and sciatic lymph nodes with cauterization of lymphatic vessels and closure without a skin excision (model B). Results:. Although the lymphedema in models A and B resolved spontaneously, that in the new model lasted for a month with increases in femoral circumference and hind limb volume, thickening of the skin, especially subcutaneous tissue, and congestion of peripheral lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, this model could be used for assessing the therapeutic effects of syngeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. The average operation time for the new model was 14.4 ± 1.3 minutes. Conclusion:. Long-lasting lymphedema can be achieved by our new model, making it suitable for assessing therapies for lymphedema.

Abstract Background Vertebroplasty with posterior spinal fusion (VP + PSF) is one of the most widely accepted surgical techniques for treating osteoporotic vertebral collapse (OVC). Nevertheless, the effect of the extent of fusion on surgical outcomes remains to be established. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of short- versus long-segment VP + PSF for OVC with neurological impairment in thoracolumbar spine. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 133 patients (median age, 77 years; 42 men and 91 women) from 27 university hospitals and their affiliated hospitals. We divided patients into two groups: a short-segment fusion group (S group) with 2- or 3-segment fusion (87 patients) and a long-segment fusion group (L group) with 4- through 6-segment fusion (46 patients). Surgical invasion, clinical outcomes, local kyphosis angle (LKA), and complications were evaluated. Results No significant differences between the two groups were observed in terms of neurological recovery, pain scale scores, and complications. Surgical time was shorter and blood loss was less in the S group, whereas LKA at the final follow-up and correction loss were superior in the L group. Conclusion Although less invasiveness and validity of pain and neurological relief are secured by short-segment VP + PSF, surgeons should be cautious regarding correction loss.

Introduction: Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) is the most common osteoporotic fracture, and some patients require surgical intervention to improve their impaired activities of daily living with neurological deficits. However, many previous reports have focused on OVF around the thoracolumbar junction, and the surgical outcomes of lumbar OVF have not been thoroughly discussed. We aimed to investigate the surgical outcomes for lumbar OVF with a neurological deficit. Methods: Patients who underwent fusion surgery for thoracolumbar OVF with a neurological deficit were enrolled at 28 institutions. Clinical information, comorbidities, perioperative complications, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, visual analog scale scores, and radiographic parameters were compared between patients with lower lumbar fracture (L3-5) and those with thoracolumbar junction fracture (T10-L2). Each patient with lower lumbar fracture (L group) was matched with to patients with thoracolumbar junction fracture (T group). Results: A total 403 patients (89 males and 314 females, mean age: 73.8 ± 7.8 years, mean follow-up: 3.9 ± 1.7 years) were included in this study. Lower lumbar OVF was frequently found in patients with lower bone mineral density. After matching, mechanical failure was more frequent in the L group (L group: 64%, T group: 39%; p < 0.001). There was no difference between groups in the clinical and radiographical outcomes, although the rates of complication and revision surgery were still high in both groups. Conclusions: The surgical intervention for OVF is effective in patients with myelopathy or radiculopathy regardless of the surgical level, although further study is required to improve clinical and radiographical outcomes. Level of evidence: Level III

Abstract Background The optimal treatment of osteoporosis after reconstruction surgery for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) remains unclear. In this multicentre retrospective study, we investigated the effects of typically used agents for osteoporosis, namely, bisphosphonates (BP) and teriparatide (TP), on surgical results in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Methods Retrospectively registered data were collected from 27 universities and affiliated hospitals in Japan. We compared the effects of BP vs TP on postoperative mechanical complication rates, implant-related reoperation rates, and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for OVF. Data were analysed according to whether the osteoporosis was primary or glucocorticoid-induced. Results A total of 159 patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for OVF were included. The overall mechanical complication rate was significantly lower in the TP group than in the BP group (BP vs TP: 73.1% vs 58.2%, p = 0.045). The screw backout rate was significantly lower and the rates of new vertebral fractures and pseudoarthrosis tended to be lower in the TP group than in the BP group. However, there were no significant differences in lumbar functional scores and visual analogue scale pain scores or in implant-related reoperation rates between the two groups. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) than in those with primary osteoporosis; however, the pseudoarthrosis rate was reduced by using TP. The use of TP also tended to reduce the overall mechanical complication rate in both primary osteoporosis and GIOP. Conclusions The overall mechanical complication rate was lower in patients who received TP than in those who received a BP postoperatively, regardless of type of osteoporosis. The incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in patients with GIOP, but the use of TP reduced the rate of pseudoarthrosis in GIOP patients. The use of TP was effective to reduce postoperative complications for OVF patients treated with posterior fusion.

The number of unannotated protein sequences is explosively increasing due to genome sequence technology. A more comprehensive understanding of protein functions for protein annotation requires the discovery of new features that cannot be captured from conventional methods. Deep learning can extract important features from input data and predict protein functions based on the features. Here, protein feature vectors generated by 3 deep learning models are analyzed using Integrated Gradients to explore important features of amino acid sites. As a case study, prediction and feature extraction models for UbiD enzymes were built using these models. The important amino acid residues extracted from the models were different from secondary structures, conserved regions and active sites of known UbiD information. Interestingly, the different amino acid residues within UbiD sequences were regarded as important factors depending on the type of models and sequences. The Transformer models focused on more specific regions than the other models. These results suggest that each deep learning model understands protein features with different aspects from existing knowledge and has the potential to discover new laws of protein functions. This study will help to extract new protein features for the other protein annotations.

Introduction: The prevalence of patients with osteoporosis continues to increase in aging societies, including Japan. The first choice for managing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVF) is conservative treatment. Failure in conservative treatment for OVF may lead to non-union or vertebral collapse, resulting in neurological deficit and subsequently requiring surgical intervention. This multicenter nationwide study in Japan was conducted to comprehensively understand the outcomes of surgical treatments for OVF non-union. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included 403 patients (89 males, 314 females, mean age 73.8 ± 7.8 years, mean follow-up 3.9 ± 1.7 years) with neurological deficit due to vertebral collapse or non-union after OVF at T10-L5 who underwent fusion surgery with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Radiological and clinical outcomes at baseline and at the final follow-up (FU) were evaluated. Results: OVF was present at a thoracolumbar junction such as T12 (124 patients) and L1 (117 patients). A majority of OVF occurred after a minor trauma, such as falling down (55.3%) or lifting objects (8.4%). Short segment fusion, including affected vertebra, was conducted (mean 4.0 ± 2.0 vertebrae) with 256.8 minutes of surgery and 676.1 g of blood loss. A posterior approach was employed in 86.6% of the patients, followed by a combined anterior and posterior (8.7%), and an anterior (4.7%) approach. Perioperative complications and implant failures were observed in 18.1% and 41.2%, respectively. VAS scores of low back pain (74.7 to 30.8 mm) and leg pain (56.8 to 20.7 mm) improved significantly at FU. Preoperatively, 52.6% of the patients were unable to walk and the rate of non-ambulatory patients decreased to 7.5% at FU. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that substantial improvement in activity of daily living (ADL) was achieved by fusion surgery. Although there was a considerable rate of complications, fusion surgery is beneficial for elderly OVF patients with non-union.

Introduction: Approximately 3% of osteoporotic vertebral fractures develop osteoporotic vertebral collapse (OVC) with neurological deficits, and such patients are recommended to be treated surgically. However, a proximal junctional fracture (PJFr) following surgery for OVC can be a serious concern. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the incidence and risk factors of PJFr following fusion surgery for OVC. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed registry data collected from facilities belonging to the Japan Association of Spine Surgeons with Ambition (JASA) in 2016. We retrospectively analyzed 403 patients who suffered neurological deficits due to OVC below T10 and underwent corrective surgery; only those followed up for 2 years were included. Potential risk factors related to the PJFr and their cut-off values were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Sixty-three patients (15.6%) suffered PJFr during the follow-up (mean 45.7 months). In multivariate analysis, the grade of osteoporosis (grade 2, 3: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.92; p=0.001) and lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) level (sacrum: aOR 6.75; p=0.003) were independent factors. ROC analysis demonstrated that lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) was a predictive factor (area under curve: 0.72, p=0.035) with optimal cut-off value of 0.61 g/cm2 (sensitivity, 76.5%; specificity, 58.3%), but that of the hip was not (p=0.228). Conclusions: PJFr was found in 16% cases within 4 years after surgery; independent risk factors were severe osteoporosis and extended fusion to the sacrum. The lumbar BMD with cut-off value 0.61 g/cm2 may potentially predict PJFr. Our findings can help surgeons select perioperative adjuvant therapy, as well as a surgical strategy to prevent PJFr following surgery.

Aims: The present report aims to investigate the use of Kampo medicine for advanced pancreatic cancer patients in order to prolong survival.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with pancreatic cancer who presented to our Shimizu Clinic from 2000 to 2020. Patients who survived at least twice as long as the initial prognostic estimate were selected and their treatment was reviewed. The Kampo formula and crude drugs were selected according to the Kampo diagnosis and treatment strategy, which included qi and blood supplementation; qi, blood and water smoothing; and inflammation (termed “heat”) and cancer suppression.Results: Ten patients aged 45–80 years (six males and four females) with stage IV advanced cancer were selected. All patients received hozai, which is a tonic formula, of juzentaihoto (JTT) or hochuekkito (HET) decoction. Anti-cancer crude drugs were included in the decoctions of nine patients. At the first visit, the estimated life expectancy for all patients was no more than 1 year; however, treatment with Western and Kampo medicine led to a relatively long survival period of over 2 years. Three patients were still living at the time of this writing, more than 2, 6, and 14 years after treatment initiation.Conclusion: Our results suggest that Kampo medicine may be useful for disease control and supportive care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Background To date, there have been little published data on surgical outcomes for patients with PD with thoracolumbar OVF. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of registry data to investigate the outcomes of fusion surgery for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) in the thoracolumbar junction. Methods Retrospectively registered data were collected from 27 universities and their affiliated hospitals in Japan. In total, 26 patients with PD (mean age, 76 years; 3 men and 23 women) with thoracolumbar OVF who underwent spinal fusion with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were included (PD group). Surgical invasion, perioperative complications, radiographic sagittal alignment, mechanical failure (MF) related to instrumentation, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. A control group of 296 non-PD patients (non-PD group) matched for age, sex, distribution of surgical procedures, number of fused segments, and follow-up period were used for comparison. Results The PD group showed higher rates of perioperative complications (p

Introduction: With an aging population, the proportion of patients aged 80 years requiring cervical surgery is increasing. Surgeons are concerned with the high incidence of complications in this population, because “age” itself has been reported as a strong risk factor for complications. However, it is still unknown which factors represent higher risk among these elderly patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the risk factors related to surgical complications specific to elderly patients by analyzing the registry data of patients aged 80 years who underwent cervical surgery. Methods: We retrospectively studied multicenter collected registry data using multivariate analysis. Sixty-six patients aged 80 years who underwent cervical surgery and were followed up for more than one year were included in this study. Preoperative patient demographic data, including comorbidities and postoperative complications, were collected from multicenter registry data. Complications were considered as major if they required invasive intervention, caused prolonged morbidity, or resulted in prolongation of hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for complications. A p-value of

Study DesignMulticenter analysis of two groups of patients surgically treated for degenerative L4 unstable spondylolisthesis.PurposeTo compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of posterolateral fusion (PLF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for degenerative L4 unstable spondylolisthesis.Overview of LiteratureSurgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis is widely performed. However, few reports have compared the outcome of PLF to that of PLIF for degenerative L4 unstable spondylolisthesis.MethodsPatients with L4 unstable spondylolisthesis with Meyerding grade II or more, slip of >10° or >4 mm upon maximum flexion and extension bending, and posterior opening of >5 degree upon flexion bending were studied. Patients were treated from January 2008 to January 2010. Patients who underwent PLF (n=12) and PLIF (n=19) were followed-up for >2 years. Radiographic findings and clinical outcomes evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were compared between the two groups. Radiographic evaluation included slip angle, translation, slip angle and translation during maximum flexion and extension bending, intervertebral disc height, lumbar lordotic angle, and fusion rate.ResultsJOA scores of the PLF group before surgery and at final follow-up were 12.3±4.8 and 24.1±3.7, respectively; those of the PLIF group were 14.7±4.8 and 24.2±7.8, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. Correction of slip estimated from postoperative slip angle, translation, and maintenance of intervertebral disc height in the PLIF group was significantly (p

Study DesignRetrospective chart review.PurposeA comparison of mini open foraminotomy (MOF) for cervical radiculopathy using either large tubular (LT) or TrimLine (TL) retractors.Overview of LiteraturePosterior foraminotomy relieves compression of the cervical nerve root in radiculopathy patients. However, invasion of the paravertebral muscle may cause major problems in these patients. To address these problems, we performed MOF.MethodsTwenty cervical radiculopathy patients (16 male and 4 female) who underwent MOF between May 2004 and August 2011 were assigned to LT and TL groups. Each group contained 10 subjects. Surgical and clinical outcomes were compared.ResultsThe average operating time in the TL group was significantly shorter than that in the LT group. The final follow-up mean neck disability indices significantly improved compared to the preoperative values (LT group, 12.0±7.8 vs. 28.0±9.4; TL group, 6.0±5.9 vs. 21.9±10). The final follow-up neck pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores also decreased significantly from the preoperative of 8.0±1.5 and 2.5±2.5 to the final follow-up values of 2.2±2.2 and 1.0±2.5 in the LT and TL groups, respectively. The recovery rate for the neck pain VAS score was 70.0±31.9 in the LT group and 87.0±32.0 in the TL group, thus suggesting no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsMOF with the TL retractor is an easy and safe procedure. Furthermore, the use of the TL retractor allows for a minimally invasive and effective surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy patients.

Background: Primary fascia closure is often difficult following an open abdomen (OA). While negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is recommended to enhance successful primary fascia closure, the optimal methods and degree of negative pressure remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate optimal methods of NPWT as a tentative abdominal closure for OA to achieve primary abdominal fascia closure. Materials and Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of adults who survived OA greater than 48 h was conducted in 12 institutions between 2010 and 2022. The achievement of primary fascia closure and incidence of enteroatmospheric fistula were examined based on methods (homemade, superficial NPWT kit, or open-abdomen kit) or degrees of negative pressure (<50, 50-100, or > 100 mmHg). A generalized estimating equation was used to adjust for age, BMI, comorbidities, etiology for laparotomy requiring OA, vital signs, transfusion, severity of critical illness, and institutional characteristics. Results: Of the 279 included patients, 252 achieved primary fascia closure. A higher degree of negative pressure (>100 mmHg) was associated with fewer primary fascia closures than less than 50 mmHg [OR, 0.18 (95% CI: 0.50-0.69), P =0.012] and with more frequent enteroatmospheric fistula [OR, 13.83 (95% CI: 2.30-82.93)]. The methods of NPWT were not associated with successful primary fascia closure. However, the use of the open-abdomen kit was related to a lower incidence of enteroatmospheric fistula [OR, 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00-0.50)]. Conclusion: High negative pressure (>100 mmHg) should be avoided in NPWT during tentative abdominal closure for OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study DesignSeventy-five patients who had been treated for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were reviewed retrospectively.PurposeInvasion into the paravertebral muscle can cause major problems after laminectomy for LSS. To address these problems, we performed spinous process-splitting laminectomy. We present a comparative study of decompression of LSS using 2 approaches.Overview of LiteratureThere are no other study has investigated the lumbar spinal instability after spinous process-splitting laminectomy.MethodsThis study included 75 patients who underwent laminectomy for the treatment of LSS and who were observed through follow-ups for more than 2 years. Fifty-five patients underwent spinous process-splitting laminectomy (splitting group) and 20 patients underwent conventional laminectomy (conventional group). We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of each surgical procedure.ResultsJapanese Orthopaedic Association score improved significantly in both groups two years postoperatively. The following values were all significantly lower, as shown with p-values, in the splitting group compared to the conventional group: average operating time (p=0.002), postoperative C-reactive protein level (p=0.006), the mean postoperative number of days until returning to normal body temperature (p=0.047), and the mean change in angulation 2 years postoperatively (p=0.007). The adjacent segment degeneration occurred in 6 patients (10.9%) in the splitting group and 11 patients (55.0%) in the conventional group.ConclusionsIn this study, the spinous process-splitting laminectomy was shown to be less invasive and more stable for patients with LSS, compared to the conventional laminectomy.

Myxopapillary ependymoma in childhood typically occurs in the central nervous system. There are few surgical cases of myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina in children. We report a case of myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina in a 5-year-old boy, who presented with leg pain and abnormal gait. Subtotal resection surgery was performed. Following the subtotal tumor resection, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging evaluation showed a recurrent tumor. As a result, we performed a second subtotal tumor resection and followed with postoperative radiation therapy. No further evidence of the disease has been noted elsewhere in the patient in over ten years of follow-up. Myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina in a young boy was improved by subtotal tumor resection and postoperative radiation therapy.

Study DesignA retrospective study.PurposeThe present study aimed to evaluate mid-term results of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) fixation for cervical instability.Overview of LiteratureCPS fixation has widely used in the treatment of cervical spinal instability from various causes; however, there are few reports on mid-term surgical results of CPS fixation.MethodsRecord of 19 patients who underwent cervical and/or upper thoracic (C2-T1) pedicle screw fixation for cervical instability was reviewed. The mean observation period was 90.2 months. Evaluated items included Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and C2-7 lordotic angle before surgery and at 5 years after surgery. Postoperative computerized tomography was used to determine the accuracy of screw placement. Visual analog scale (VAS) for neck pain and radiological evidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) at the 5-year follow-up were also evaluated.ResultsMean JOA score was significantly improved from 9.0 points before surgery to 12.8 at 5 years after surgery (p=0.001). The C2-7 lordotic angle of the neutral position improved from 6.4° to 7.8° at 5 years after surgery, but this was not significant. The major perforation rate was 5.0%. There were no clinically significant complications such as vertebral artery injury, spinal cord injury, or nerve root injury caused by any screw perforation. Mean VAS for neck pain was 49.4 at 5 years after surgery. The rate of ASD was 21.1%.ConclusionsOur mid-term results showed that CPS fixation was useful for treating cervical instability. Severe complications were prevented with the assistance of a computed tomography-based navigation system.