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Background Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is a reliable and safe imaging method for taking intraoperative perfusion measurements. This is the first study translating intraoperative HSI to an in vivo laparoscopic setting using a CE-certified HSI-system for minimally invasive surgery (HSI-MIS). We aim to compare it to an established HSI-system for open surgery (HSI-Open). Methods Intraoperative HSI was done using the HSI-MIS and HSI-Open at the Region of Interest (ROI). 19 patients undergoing gastrointestinal resections were analyzed in this study. The HSI-MIS-acquired images were aligned with those from the HSI-Open, and spectra and parameter images were compared pixel-wise. We calculated the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for Tissue Oxygen Saturation (StO2), Near-Infrared Perfusion Index (NIR-PI), Tissue Water Index (TWI), and Organ Hemoglobin Index (OHI), as well as the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) over the whole spectrum. Our analysis of parameters was optimized using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Two experienced surgeons carried out an additional color-change analysis, comparing the ROI images and deciding whether they provided the same (acceptable) or different visual information (rejected). Results HSI and subsequent image registration was possible in 19 patients. MAE results for the original calculation were StO2 orig. 17.2% (± 7.7%), NIR-PIorig. 16.0 (± 9.5), TWIorig. 18.1 (± 7.9), OHIorig. 14.4 (± 4.5). For the PLS calculation, they were StO2 PLS 12.6% (± 5.2%), NIR-PIPLS 10.3 (± 6.0), TWIPLS 10.6 (± 5.1), and OHIPLS 11.6 (± 3.0). The RMSE between both systems was 0.14 (± 0.06). In the color-change analysis; both surgeons accepted more images generated using the PLS method. Conclusion Intraoperative HSI-MIS is a new technology and holds great potential for future applications in surgery. Parameter deviations are attributable to technical differences and can be reduced by applying improved calculation methods. This study is an important step toward the clinical implementation of HSI for minimally invasive surgery.

Purpose Functional capacity is an independent indicator of morbidity in colon and rectal cancer surgery. This systematic review describes the evaluated and synthesized effects of exercise prehabilitation depending on the duration of interventions on functional and postoperative outcomes in colon and rectal cancer surgery. Methods Three electronic databases (MEDLINE Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Registry) were systematically searched (January 2022) for controlled trials that investigated the effects of prehabilitation prior to colo-rectal cancer resection. Results Twenty-three studies were included in this systematic review and 14 in our meta-analyses assessing these outcomes: the 6 min walk distance (6MWD), postoperative overall complications, and length of stay (LOS). We observed a significant improvement in preoperative functional capacity as measured with 6MWD (mean difference: 30.8 m; 95% CI 13.3, 48.3; p = 0.0005) due to prehabilitation. No reductions in LOS (mean difference: – 0.27 days; 95% CI – 0.93, 0.40; p = 0.5) or postoperative overall complications (Odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI 0.53, 1.31; p = 0.44) were observed. Prehabilitation lasting more than 3 weeks tended to lower overall complications (Odds ratio: 0.66; 95% CI 0.4, 1.1; p = 0.11). However, the prehabilitation time periods differed between colon and rectal carcinoma resections. Conclusion Prehabilitation while the patient is preparing to undergo surgery for colorectal carcinoma improves functional capacity; and might reduce postoperative overall complications, but does not shorten the LOS. The studies we reviewed differ in target variables, design, and the intervention’s time period. Multicenter studies with sufficient statistical power and differentiating between colon and rectal carcinoma are needed to develop implementation strategies in the health care system. Registration PROSPERO CRD42022310532

Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG-FA) is a well-established modality in gastrointestinal surgery. Its main drawback is the application of a fluorescent agent with possible side effects for patients. The goal of this review paper is the presentation of alternative, non-invasive optical imaging methods and their comparison with ICG-FA.The principles of ICG-FA, spectral imaging, imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG), and their applications in gastrointestinal surgery are described based on selected published works.The main applications of the three modalities are the evaluation of tissue perfusion, the identification of risk structures, and tissue segmentation or classification. While the ICG-FA images are mainly evaluated visually, leading to subjective interpretations, quantitative physiological parameters and tissue segmentation are provided in spectral imaging and iPPG. The combination of ICG-FA and spectral imaging is a promising method.Non-invasive spectral imaging and iPPG have shown promising results in gastrointestinal surgery. They can overcome the main drawbacks of ICG-FA, i.e. the use of contrast agents, the lack of quantitative analysis, repeatability, and a difficult standardization of the acquisition. Further technical improvements and clinical evaluations are necessary to establish them in daily clinical routine.

The prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is still poor, which is partly due to a limited chemotherapy response. About 50% of these patients, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, are non-responder, which might by influenced by inflammation and immunological conditions. EAC patients (n = 24) were characterized prospectively in a single center study for gender (female n = 4; male n = 20), age (median 64; range 43-77 years), TNM-classification, and pathological response rate (PRR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PRR was assessed according to the Schneider classification (Grade 3 + 4 total + subtotal remissions were defined as good responders). A comprehensive high performance inflammation biomarker panel, including 92 inflammatory-related proteins, was conducted in plasma (OLINK, Uppsala, Sweden). Blood was taken before neoadjuvant chemotherapy induction (baseline) and after chemotherapy completion. EAC cell lines (OE33, OE19, SK-GT-4, FLO-1) were treated with the chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) for 48 h. Nineteen inflammatory-related proteins were altered significantly after neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion. The five most affected proteins were TNF, IFNγ, CX3CL1, FLT3L, and PD-L1. Pathway analyses revealed an activated IL10- and IL18-signalling pathway, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A PRR of 3 and 4 correlated significantly with higher baseline CX3CL1 values. CX3CL1 treatment led to decreased proliferation rates in two (OE19 and SK-GT-4) of the four investigated EAC cell lines by 25-50%. Values for GDNF were higher, while values for TRAIL and TNFRSR9 were lower in patients’ plasma with a good PRR after chemotherapy completion as compared to patients with a poor PRR. Multiplex profiling of inflammatory-related biomarkers revealed an activated interleukin signaling, (IL10- and IL18 pathway) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Inflammatory plasma proteins as CX3CL1 could be an interesting candidate to predict PRR and to identify patients, who will benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However further prospective studies are needed to validate our first observations.

Die vollstandige Resektion von Tumorgewebe und erfolgreiche Rekonstruktion der Kontinuitat des Magen-Darm-Trakts sind in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie von essenzieller Bedeutung fur das postoperative Outcome. Neuerungen und Weiterentwicklungen in der intraoperativen Bildgebung ermoglichen die Visualisierung zuvor nur schwer beurteilbarer Parameter, wie der Gewebeperfusion und der Lymphdrainagewege. Dies erlaubt eine direkte Optimierung des operativen Verfahrens und kann somit zur Reduktion von Komplikationen und zur Erhohung der Patientensicherheit beitragen. Eine bereits in vielen Fachgebieten etablierte Methode der Echtzeitbildgebung ist das Fluoreszenz-Imaging mittels Indozyaningrun (ICG-FI). In der Viszeralchirurgie wird es aktuell besonders zur Perfusionsbeurteilung gastrointestinaler Anastomosen und zum „Lymphknoten-Mapping“ eingesetzt. Jedoch werden in ersten Untersuchungen auch weitere mogliche Anwendungsgebiete beschrieben, beispielsweise die Detektion von Lebermetastasen und Peritonealkarzinosen im Rahmen von Staging-Untersuchungen oder der zytoreduktiven Chirurgie. Eine weitere vielversprechende Methode ist das Hyperspektral-Imaging (HSI), welches sich aktuell noch in einer experimentellen Phase befindet, zukunftig aber ein wichtiges Instrument zur noninvasiven Perfusionsbeurteilung und Gewebedifferenzierung darstellen konnte. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Uberblick uber die aktuellen Anwendungsgebiete neuer intraoperativer Imaging-Verfahren gegeben und auf neue Moglichkeiten und Perspektiven der modernen „image-guided surgery“ hingewiesen.

Purpose Infectious complications are as high as 30% in elective colorectal surgery. In recent years, several studies have discussed the topic of preoperative bowel decontamination prior to colorectal surgery in order to reduce postoperative infectious complications and have found significant effects of oral antibiotic administration with a large variety of drugs used. No study has evaluated the combination of oral paromomycin and metronidazole in this context. Methods We performed a prospective single-center study with a matched-pair retrospective cohort to evaluate postoperative infectious complications (superficial site infections, organ space abscess, anastomotic leakage) in elective colorectal surgery. Patients A total of 120 patients were available for study inclusion; 101 gave informed consent and were included. A total of 92 patients were matched and subsequently analyzed. We could show a reduction in overall infectious complications in the intervention group (15.2% vs 30.8%, p = 0.018; odds ratio 0.333, 95% CI 0.142–0.784) as well as a reduction in superficial surgical site infections (8.7 vs 19.6%, p = 0.041, OR 0.333, 95% CI 0.121–0.917). The frequency of the other infectious complications such as intraabdominal abscesses and anastomotic leakage showed a tendency towards decreased frequencies in the intervention group (OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.235–2.169 and OR 0.571; 95% CI 0.167–1.952, respectively). Finally, the oral antibiotic administration led to an almost significantly reduced length of stay (12.24 days vs 15.25 days; p = 0.057). Conclusions Oral paromomycin and metronidazole with intravenous ertapenem effectively reduce infectious complications in elective colorectal surgery. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03759886) December 17, 2018

Background In chronic anticoagulant users undergoing surgery, bleeding and thromboembolism are common and serious complications. Many studies on mainly elective or minor emergency surgical procedures with low associated risks have focused on these outcomes. In comparison, patients undergoing high-risk emergency abdominal surgical procedures have not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to compare outcomes between oral anticoagulant users and nonusers who required emergency laparotomy for high-risk abdominal emergencies. Methods Patients who underwent surgery for abdominal emergencies at our institution between January 2012 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 875 patients, including 370 anticoagulant users and 505 nonusers. Of the 370 anticoagulant users, 189 (51.3), 77 (20.8%), 45 (12.2%), and 59 (15.9%) were prescribed antiplatelets, a vitamin k antagonist, a direct oral anticoagulant, and a combination drug regimen, respectively. The most common high-risk emergencies requiring surgery in both groups were perforated viscus (25.7% vs 40.9%), mesenteric ischemia with enteric necrosis (27% vs 12.8%), and bowel obstruction (17.6% vs 28.1%). The overall bleeding rate was higher (29.2% vs 22%, p = 0.015) in anticoagulant users than in nonusers, but the major bleeding rate was similar (17.8% vs 14.1%, p = 0.129) between the two groups. The rates of thromboembolic events and mortality were significantly higher in anticoagulant users than in nonusers (25.7% vs 9.7%, p < 0.0001 and 39.7% vs 31.1%, p = 0.01, respectively). Liver cirrhosis, peripheral arterial diseases, reoperation, and blood product transfusion were independent predictors of the overall risk of bleeding or TEEs, according to the multivariate analysis. In this model, liver cirrhosis had the largest overall effect on mortality, followed by pneumonia, thromboembolism, peripheral arterial disease, blood product transfusion, and atrial fibrillation. The use of oral anticoagulants was not an independent predictor of either bleeding or in-hospital mortality. The use of oral anticoagulants was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Based on our results, the continued use of oral anticoagulants is more protective than harmful considering the overall outcomes in this subset of patients.

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Adipositas-Chirurgie ist weltweit etabliert und sicher durchführbar. Mit steigender Expertise werden auch zunehmend Risikopatienten operiert, die z.B. bei Organdysfunktion zu adipös für eine geplante Organtransplantation sind. Patienten und Methoden In dem Zeitraum 1/13 bis 6/9 wurden 653 Patienten an unserem Zentrum adipositaschirurgisch versorgt. Die Daten wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet und es fanden sich unter den 653 Patienten 34 Patienten mit dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz, hochgradiger Herzinsuffizienz (linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion < 30 %) oder Leberzirrhose (Child-Pugh-Stadium A und B). Das Minimum-Follow-up beträgt 12 Monate. Ergebnisse Bei 5 der 34 Patienten (14,7 %) kam es zu einem komplizierten Verlauf. Folgende Komplikationen traten auf: 3x Wundheilungsstörung mit konservativer Therapie, 1x subkutane Nachblutung bei einem Patienten mit LVAD (konservative Therapie) und 1 Shunt-Verschluss, der operativ revidiert wurde. Schlussfolgerung Adipositaschirurgische Eingriffe sind auch bei Risikopatienten mit geringer Morbidität und Mortalität durchführbar.

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening acute condition, which requires an interdisciplinary approach, including vascular recanalization and surgical treatment. Visual evaluation of intestinal perfusion might be misleading, and therefore, additional tools are necessary to reliably be able to resect the ischemic intestine. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been shown to be feasible and safe for real-time assessment of tissue perfusion in visceral surgery but has never been used in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia. Therefore, we applied HSI in acute mesenteric ischemia to evaluate it for potential aid in the objectively discriminating ischemic and well-perfused intestine during explorative laparotomy.We recorded HSI measurements in 11 cases of acute mesenteric ischemia during explorative laparotomy. We evaluated the recorded images for macroscopic visual perfusion quality and divided it into three groups. Of those three groups, we calculated and compared the HSI indexes of tissue saturation, near-infrared perfusion index, organ hemoglobin index, and tissue water index, as well as the reflectance spectra.We found significant differences in tissue saturation (0.7% versus 0.45%; P = 0.002) and near-infrared perfusion index (0.58 versus 0.23; P 0.001) in poorly perfused intestinal segments compared with the viable intestine. Furthermore, we could detect an increasing peak at 630 nm of the reflectance spectra in less viable tissues, indicating a maximum in necrotic tissues. We attributed this peak to an increase in met-hemoglobin content in necrotic tissues, which is supported by the increase in the HSI organ hemoglobin index.HSI is able to discriminate tissue perfusion in acute mesenteric ischemia reliably and therefore might be helpful for resection. In addition, HSI gives information on tissue viability via reflectance spectra.

Introduction The role of preoperative upper-gastrointestinal (GI) gastroscopy has been discussed with controversy in bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of upper-GI pathologies detected via endoscopy prior to bariatric surgery along with their clinical significance for patients’ management. Material and Methods In our single center prospectively established database of obese patients, who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2011 to December 2017, we retrospectively analyzed the perioperative endoscopic findings along with their influence on patients’ management. Results In total, 636 obese patients with median BMI (body mass index) of 49 kg/m2 [range 31–92] received an upper-GI endoscopy prior to bariatric surgery. Among the surgical procedures, laparoscopic Roux-Y-gastric bypass (72.6%; n = 462) was the most frequent operation. Endoscopically detected pathological conditions were peptic ulcer 3.5% (22/636), Helicobacter pylori (Hp) gastritis 22.4% (143/636), and gastric or duodenal polyps 6.8% (43/636). Reflux esophagitis could be detected in 139/636 patients (21.9%). Barrett’s esophagus (BE) was histologically diagnosed in 95 cases (15.0%), whereas BE was suspected endoscopically in 75 cases (11.3%) only. Esophageal adenocarcinomas were detected in 3 cases (0.5%). Change of the operative strategy due to endoscopically or histologically detected pathologic findings had to be performed in 10 cases (1.6%). Conclusion Preoperative upper-GI endoscopy identifies a wide range of abnormal endoscopic findings in obese patients, which may have a significant impact on decision-making, particularly regarding the most suitable bariatric procedure and the appropriate follow-up. Therefore, preoperative upper-GI endoscopy should be considered in all obese patients prior to bariatric procedure.

Simple Summary Good oxygenation of both bowel ends is an important prerequisite to promote anastomotic healing after colorectal resections. Bowel oxygenation is usually assessed clinically. Hyperspectral imaging is a contactless and contrast-free tool that allows quantifying tissue oxygen intraoperatively. In this study, the results of 105 colorectal resections with hyperspectral imaging are reported. Abstract Background: A perfusion deficit is a well-defined and intraoperatively influenceable cause of anastomotic leak (AL). Current intraoperative perfusion assessment methods do not provide objective and quantitative results. In this study, the ability of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to quantify tissue oxygenation intraoperatively was assessed. Methods: 115 patients undergoing colorectal resections were included in the final analysis. Before anastomotic formation, the bowel was extracted and the resection line was outlined and imaged using a compact HSI camera, in order to provide instantaneously quantitative perfusion assessment. Results: In 105 patients, a clear demarcation line was visible with HSI one minute after marginal artery transection, reaching a plateau after 3 min. In 58 (55.2%) patients, the clinically determined transection line matched with HSI. In 23 (21.9%) patients, the clinically established resection margin was entirely within the less perfused area. In 24 patients (22.8%), the HSI transection line had an irregular course and crossed the clinically established resection line. In four cases, HSI disclosed a clinically undetected lesion of the marginal artery. Conclusions: Intraoperative HSI is safe, well reproducible, and does not disrupt the surgical workflow. It also quantifies bowel surface perfusion. HSI might become an intraoperative guidance tool, potentially preventing postoperative complications.

Background Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) during surgical procedures is a new method for perfusion quantification and tissue discrimination. Its use has been limited to open surgery due to large camera sizes, missing color video, or long acquisition times. A hand-held, laparoscopic hyperspectral camera has been developed now to overcome those disadvantages and evaluated clinically for the first time. Methods In a clinical evaluation study, gastrointestinal resectates of ten cancer patients were investigated using the laparoscopic hyperspectral camera. Reference data from corresponding anatomical regions were acquired with a clinically approved HSI system. An image registration process was executed that allowed for pixel-wise comparisons of spectral data and parameter images (StO2: oxygen saturation of tissue, NIR PI: near-infrared perfusion index, OHI: organ hemoglobin index, TWI: tissue water index) provided by both camera systems. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) served for the quantitative evaluations. Spearman’s rank correlation between factors related to the study design like the time of spectral white balancing and MAE, respectively RMSE, was calculated. Results The obtained mean MAEs between the TIVITA® Tissue and the laparoscopic hyperspectral system resulted in StO2: 11% ± 7%, NIR PI: 14±3, OHI: 14± 5, and TWI: 10 ± 2. The mean RMSE between both systems was 0.1±0.03 from 500 to 750 nm and 0.15 ±0.06 from 750 to 1000 nm. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients showed no significant correlation between MAE or RMSE and influencing factors related to the study design. Conclusion Qualitatively, parameter images of the laparoscopic system corresponded to those of the system for open surgery. Quantitative deviations were attributed to technical differences rather than the study design. Limitations of the presented study are addressed in current large-scale in vivo trials.

In-depth characterization has introduced new molecular subtypes of gastric cancer (GC). To identify these, new approaches and techniques are required. Liquid biopsies are trendsetting and provide an easy and feasible method to identify and to monitor GC patients. In a prospective cohort of 87 GC patients, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from 250 µL of plasma. The total RNA was isolated with TRIZOL. The total RNA amount and the relative mRNA levels of CD44, PTEN, and FASN were measured by qRT-PCR. The isolation of EVs and their contained mRNA was possible in all 87 samples investigated. The relative mRNA levels of PTEN were higher in patients already treated by chemotherapy than in chemo-naïve patients. In patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy, a decrease in the total RNA amount was observed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and gastrectomy, while FASN and CD44 mRNA levels decreased only after gastrectomy. The amount of RNA and the relative mRNA levels of FASN and CD44 in EVs were affected more significantly by chemotherapy and gastrectomy than by chemotherapy alone. Therefore, they are a potential biomarker for monitoring treatment response. Future analyses are needed to identify GC-specific key RNAs in EVs, which could be used for the diagnosis of gastric cancer patients in order to determine their molecular subtype and to accompany the therapeutic response.

Background The objective of this study was to analyze outcomes and determine independent predictors of subsequent reoperation following emergency laparotomy (EL). Materials and methods Patients undergoing EL (n = 854) from 2012 to 2018 at our institution were retrospectively assessed. Postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality and predictive factors were assessed. Results Among the studied patients, 307 (35.9) required subsequent reoperation, and 547 (64.1%) did not. The mean number of surgeries was 2.02 ± 1.54, with a median of 2 (range 1–10). Viscus organ perforation had the highest reoperation rate (25.6%), followed by hemorrhage (16.1%), anastomotic leakage (15.4%), mesenteric ischemia (14.9%), and bowel obstruction (11.9%). The incidence of postoperative complications was higher in reoperated patients (100%) than in non-reoperated patients (58.9%). There were 305 deaths, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 35.7%; 175 (57%) occurred in the reoperated group, and 130 (23.8%) occurred in the non-reoperated group. In multivariate regression (N = 854), an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of 3 or above (OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 2.54–7.18), coexisting liver cirrhosis of Child grade B or above (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.46–4.29), coexisting cardiac arrhythmia (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.10–2.30), and steroid use (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.01–3.77) strongly predicted reoperation. Conclusion Our data showed notably high mortality due to subsequent reoperation, and there was a steady increase in mortality as the number of reoperations increased. A high ASA class, liver cirrhosis, cardiac arrhythmia and steroid use were independently associated with the risk of subsequent reoperation.

Die Hyperspektralbildgebung („HyperSpectral Imaging“ [HSI]) erlaubt quantitative Gewebeanalysen uber die Limitationen des menschlichen Auges hinaus. Somit dient es als neues Diagnostikinstrument der optischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Gewebe. Im Gegensatz zu anderen intraoperativen bildgebenden Methoden ist HSI kontaktlos, nichtinvasiv und bedarf keiner Kontrastmittelapplikation. Die Messungen nehmen nur wenige Sekunden in Anspruch und storen somit die Operationsablaufe unwesentlich. Erste HSI-Anwendungen in der Viszeralchirurgie sind vielversprechend mit dem Potenzial optimierter Ergebnisse. Aktuelle Konzepte, Moglichkeiten und neue Perspektiven der HSI-Technologie sowie deren Limitationen werden in dieser Arbeit diskutiert.

Postoperative Komplikationen konnen nach komplexen viszeralonkologischen Operationen zu erheblichen Beeintrachtigungen des Patienten und daraus resultierend zu einer prolongierten postoperativen stationaren Verweildauer fuhren. Daher sollte die aktive Gestaltung der praoperativen Phase einen wichtigen Bestandteil der praoperativen/neoadjuvanten Therapie darstellen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine kritische Darstellung aktueller Prahabilitationskonzepte sowie deren Anwendbarkeit und Entwicklungspotenzial in der Viszeralchirurgie. Anhand einer selektiven Literaturubersicht werden aktuelle Studien und Konzepte vorgestellt und Therapiealgorithmen prasentiert. Die vorliegenden Studien unterscheiden sich in Zielgrosen, Gestaltung und zeitlichem Rahmen der Intervention. Insgesamt zeigen die Studienergebnisse positive Effekte einer aktiven Steigerung der korperlichen Fitness in der praoperativen Phase in Bezug auf die Lebensqualitat, Rekonvaleszenz und postoperative pulmonale Komplikationsrate. Neben der Beurteilung des individuellen Komplikationsrisikos mittels Spiroergometrie kann durch ein gezieltes Ernahrungs- und Aufbauprogramm die Leistungsfahigkeit vor viszeralchirurgischen Operationen gesteigert und somit Einfluss auf das postoperative Komplikationsrisiko genommen werden. Die Leistungsfahigkeit ist als modifizierbarer Risikofaktor zu verstehen, der auch in einem kurzen Zeitfenster praoperativ positiv beeinflusst werden kann. Die individuelle praoperative Versorgung optimiert die physische und psychische Verfassung der Patienten. Zur Sicherstellung der geforderten individuellen Versorgung mussen Ansatze geschaffen werden, die sich dezentral umsetzen lassen.

This study evaluated the use of hyperspectral imaging for the determination of the resection margin during colorectal resections instead of clinical macroscopic assessment. The used hyperspectral camera is able to record light spectra from 500 to 1000 nm and provides information about physiologic parameters of the recorded tissue area intraoperatively (e.g., tissue oxygenation and perfusion). We performed an open-label, single-arm, and non-randomized intervention clinical trial to compare clinical assessment and hyperspectral measurement to define the resection margin in 24 patients before and after separation of the marginal artery over 15 min; HSI was performed each minute to assess the parameters mentioned above. The false color images calculated from the hyperspectral data visualized the margin of perfusion in 20 out of 24 patients precisely. In the other four patients, the perfusion difference could be displayed with additional evaluation software. In all cases, there was a deviation between the transection line planed by the surgeon and the border line visualized by HSI (median 1 mm; range − 13 to 13 mm). Tissue perfusion dropped up to 12% within the first 10 mm distal to the border line. Therefore, the resection area was corrected proximally in five cases due to HSI record. The biggest drop in perfusion took place in less than 2 min after devascularization. Determination of the resection margin by HSI provides the surgeon with an objective decision aid for assessment of the best possible perfusion and ideal anastomotic area in colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND Superficial surgical site infections (SSSIs) are a major reason for morbidity after abdominal surgery. Microbiologic isolates of SSSIs vary widely geographically. Therefore, knowledge about the specific bacterial profile is of paramount importance to prevent SSSI. METHODS We performed a subgroup analysis of the microbiological isolates from patients with SSSI after abdominal surgery that were included in our institutional wound register. We aimed at identifying predominant strains as well as risk factors that would predispose for SSSI with certain bacteria. RESULTS A total of 494 patients were eligible for analysis. Of those 313 had received wound swaps, with 268 patients yielding a bacterial isolate. Enterobacterales (31.7%) and Enterococcus spp. (29.5%) were found as main bacteria in SSSI, with 62.3% of the wounds being polymicrobial. As risk factors for changes in bacterial isolates, we identified operative revision (OR 3.032; 95%CI 1.734-5.303) in multivariate analysis. Enterococcus spp. showed a significant increase in patients after revision surgery (p

Background Incisional negative wound pressure therapy (iNPWT) is a relatively novel dressing technique with the aim of reducing postoperative wound infections and dehiscence in high-risk wounds after all kinds of surgical procedures. There is a lack of theoretical knowledge about the way those dressing would ameliorate wound healing. One aspect is the reduction of superficial tension, but significant remaining seroma might still cause deep wound infections. The aim of this study was the evaluation of technical modifications of the standard iNPWT dressing to increase seroma evacuation. Methods iNPWT dressings were applied on the porcine abdominal wall, and an incremental pressure ramp from 50 to 200 mmHg was performed. The resulting wound pressures were measured using (i) balloon manometry and (ii) esophageal manometry catheter. Seroma evacuation was analyzed with a seroma model. All measurements were performed with (i) standard iNPWT dressing, (ii) wound gauze diverted through the incision, and (iii) placement of suction drain tube into iNPWT. Results Due to the modifications of the iNPWT dressing, the vacuum applied by the iNPWT dressing could be transferred into the wound and was not only restricted to superficial layers. More importantly, placement of wound gauzes or suction drain tubes led to complete extraction of wound seroma. The placement of the suction drain tube showed the best combination of increased intrawound pressure as well as seroma evacuation. Conclusion Addition of a suction drain tube to the iNPWT dressing leads to an improved function of the iNPWT dressing in our ex vivo model.

Background Obesity has been shown to increase the rates of morbidity and occasionally mortality in patients undergoing nonbariatric elective surgery. However, little is known about the impact of obesity on outcomes after surgery for high-risk abdominal emergencies. Methods A single-center retrospective evaluation of outcomes in high-risk abdominal emergency patients categorized by body mass index (BMI) was conducted. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and operative details were analyzed. Patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9) served as comparators. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of obesity on surgical outcomes. Results In total, 886 patients with BMI Conclusions Patients with obesity were the most likely to have coexisting conditions, experience postoperative complications, and die during the first admission following EL for high-risk abdominal emergencies.

Highlights • First case of HSI and ICG in Acute mesenteric ischemia. • Similar results of moth modalities with regard to well perfused intestine. • ICG shows exact vascular blood supply and intestinal perfusion. • Hyperspectral imaging can distinguish necrotic and vital intestinal segments in AMI. • Combined use helps surgeons to evaluate intestinal perfusion intraoperatively in AMI., Introduction and importance Acute mesenteric ischemia is a challenging acute condition which is often caused by occlusion of an intestinal vessel. Therapeutic algorithms include revascularization of the occluded vessel and a surgical procedure to remove necrotic intestine. Sometimes necrotic intestine is hard to identify visually. Therefore, tools such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) might be helpful for objective intraoperative evaluation of intestinal perfusion. Case presentation We present a case of an 80-year-old woman with an acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion and subsequent intestinal gangrene. After endovascular arterial revascularization, we performed an explorative laparotomy in which we assessed intestinal perfusion by HSI and ICGFA. Both HSI and ICGFA showed a sharp perfusion borderline in the proximal jejunum. The distal intestine showed low tissue oxygenation (HSI) and inhomogeneous perfusion (ICGFA). Clinical discussion Both methods showed reproducible results for tissue perfusion and, thus, could provide additional information on the extent of necrotic bowel with need for resection. Therefore, both modalities might be used in future image-guided surgery in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia where visual discrimination of intestinal perfusion is challenging in order to resect as much bowel as necessary to improve patient outcome. Both methods exert different strengths: i.e. ICGFA is real-time angiography, whereas HSI may expose intestinal necrosis in spectroscopy. Conclusion We show, for the first time, simultaneous imaging of HSI and ICGFA in a case of acute mesenteric ischemia. Both imaging modalities reveal similar results reliably concerning intestinal perfusion.

Imaging techniques in gastrointestinal surgery are white light endoscopy, and increasingly fluorescence dye imaging (FI) (ICG). Endoluminal ultrasound (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy imaging, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), narrowband imaging (NBI), and, more recently, photoacoustic imaging (PA) have shown some potential of improving local tissue discrimination and will be introduced. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and multispectral imaging (MSI) are relatively new and deliver unique information on a much larger variety of tissue characteristics. This chapter presents the principles, preclinical and clinical applications of HSI/MSI, novel endoscopic systems, and computer-assisted artificial intelligence (AI) tools for analysis of tissue perfusion, oxygenation, water content, identification of risk structures, and tumor margins. Clinical studies and technical improvements are required to support the establishment of HSI in gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. This includes a comparison of HSI with standard methods, integration with robotic systems, further improvements of data analysis tools by artificial intelligence, and clinical approval of the devices.