1. Identification of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Aaptos spp. and Their Antibacterial Activity.
- Author
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Utami, Setyowati Triastuti, Paramita, Nabila Syahida P., Agustina, Khusnul, Prayoga, Muhammad B., Maulidia, Faiqoh Nur, Apsari, Cintya Nurul, Putro, Eko Wahyu, Nugroho, Aji, Wibowo, Kunto, Harahap, Syawaludin Alisyahbana, Handayani, Ira, Gusnaniar, Niar, Santosa, Djoko, and Atikana, Akhirta
- Subjects
THIN layer chromatography ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,METABOLITES ,GRAM-negative bacteria ,ANTIBACTERIAL agents ,GRAM-positive bacteria - Abstract
Sponges have been recognized as productive producers of novel bioactive compounds, many of which exhibit antimicrobial properties. Among these sponges, Aaptos species have demonstrated antimicrobial activity. The escalating challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of infections, particularly among immunocompromised populations, underscore the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Thus, exploring marine secondary metabolites for potential therapeutic applications holds significant promise. The present research investigates the bioactive compounds' profile derived from Aaptos sponge specimens collected from Raja Ampat Island, Indonesia. Extracts from these samples were obtained using ethanol and an ethyl acetate-methanol solvent. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of these extracts was evaluated using a disc diffusion assay. To elucidate the chemical composition associated with antimicrobial activity, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD), chemometric analysis, and metabolomic analysis were employed. The antibacterial assay revealed promising activity against both gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 1388). TLC analysis indicated the presence of potential alkaloid and terpenoid compounds in the extracts. However, chemometric analysis did not identify any extracts in the same quadrant as conventional antibiotics. Nevertheless, metabolomic analysis detected alkaloids resembling aaptamines. These findings offer new avenues for research, with the ultimate aim of contributing to developing novel and efficacious antimicrobial drugs. Moreover, this research adds to the bioprospecting efforts focused on marine sponges from Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024