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Role‐play is often used as a pedagogical technique by counsellor educators to help counsellors‐in‐training (CITs) learn and practise counselling skills. This study used qualitative content analysis to assess the effectiveness of Chat Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, in simulating client role‐play to facilitate practising counselling skills. The author used 10 case vignettes to conduct a simulated role‐play where ChatGPT was asked to simulate the client and author as counsellor. The results indicated that ChatGPT demonstrated authenticity, consistency, appropriate emotional expression, cultural sensitivity, empathy and self‐awareness while portraying the client. However, at times, ChatGPT's responses to the counsellor's questions appeared overly idealised, lacking the authenticity typically observed in real clients. Furthermore, ChatGPT, as a simulated client, lacked non‐verbal cues, limiting the overall experience of counselling skill practice. Recommendations for CITs and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications This study examined family dynamics that are common in families experiencing elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) using an innovative analytical protocol, qualitative genogram analysis.EFFE is a form of elder abuse that affects many older adults and their families. Individual factors associated with EFFE have been examined, but what is missing is a greater focus on the complex family dynamics that contribute to this violation of older family members.Using qualitative genogram analysis (QGA), a three‐step analytical protocol using family systems theory as a foundation, this study identified key relationship patterns commonly found in families where exploitation had occurred. Family genograms generated from 20 interviewees representing 20 families that reportedly experienced EFFE were used to identify common family dynamic themes.Using QGA, we identified four relational dynamic themes across families: distance and closeness, triangulation, power and dominance, and partner influence.These themes illustrate that families experiencing EFFE have several similar relational dynamics, which may have contributed to creating contexts that made older family members more vulnerable to financial exploitation.The findings of this study provide important indicators for practitioners (e.g., family therapists, family life educators, family attorneys) and policymakers in supporting older family members in making better financial decisions later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Method Findings Conclusion Psychoeducation is an important part of mental health services offered by counsellors. This study used qualitative content analysis to explore ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool, as a resource for psychoeducation in the context of mental health.Researchers created carefully crafted prompts based on common psychoeducational themes provided to clients, covering seven critical areas: depression, anxiety, general health, substance abuse, religious/spiritual issues, lifestyle, routine health habits and interpersonal matters. A coding manual was developed encompassing six criteria to assess the quality of psychoeducational responses of ChatGPT: accuracy, clarity, relevance, empathy, engagement and ethical considerations.The reviewers assessed ChatGPT's responses to 21 psychoeducational prompts as accurate, clear and relevant, with an empathic tone in responses to emotionally challenging queries. ChatGPT engages users by offering actionable steps and suggestions. The tool consistently demonstrated ethical considerations by advising users to consult qualified professionals when necessary. The findings suggested ChatGPT's potential as a reliable source of psychoeducation, particularly for individuals with very limited access to mental health resources.This research underscores ChatGPT's potential as a valuable psychoeducational resource for mental health concerns while emphasising the need for ongoing assessment and user feedback to address its limitations and ensure responsible practice in the dynamic field of AI‐powered mental health support. Future studies should explore user experiences and incorporate diverse perspectives to further enhance our understanding of ChatGPT's utility in real‐world mental health contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article details how Ubuntu was incorporated into each step of the research project, shares the authors' experiences and key learnings, and provides recommendations for researchers utilizing Ubuntu as a research paradigm. Ubuntu is an ancient African philosophy emphasizing a way of life grounded in interdependence, collaboration, harmony, and community. In recent years, researchers have incorporated Ubuntu as a research paradigm to decolonize research in a sub-Saharan African context. The present article used international collaborative qualitative research conducted virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic to demonstrate the application of Ubuntu as a research paradigm for conducting research in the African context. Some of the key takeaways include technological factors to consider, establishing connections during the planning stage, and ultimately nurturing productive collaboration within virtual groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a correlational research design to explore the relationship between secondary traumatic stress, counsellor professional identity and career factors, including work setting and amount of counselling experience, among counsellor practitioners. A sample of 1,218 counsellors completed an online survey including the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Professional Identity Scale in Counseling and career factors. Career factors included context of work environments including years of experience, licence status, type of practice and work setting. Multiple regression analysis with forward selection demonstrated that, out of all the variables, professional identity emerged as the best predictor of secondary traumatic stress. One‐way ANOVA showed significant group differences in the level of counsellors' secondary traumatic stress based on work setting, level of experience, type of practice and gender. Discussion explores how career and personal factors impact counsellor experiences of professional identity and secondary trauma in mental health settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a type of variable step size LMS named weighted zero attracting variable step size (WZAVSSLMS) is equipped with the control algorithm for governing DSTATCOM. In WZAVSSLMS, the ability of zero attracting nature to a variable step size (VSSLMS) for improving convergence rate is observed. WZAVSSLMS algorithm-based fundamental extractor is developed to identify the fundamental quantity of the load current for a three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM with non-linear load in this work. This type of variable step size LMS has provided a concession for quick convergence rate and steady-state error. Precision and convergence of responses are accomplished by the learning rate control. As a result of these features over conventional LMS, the authors choose WZAVSSLMS based approach in well-known DSTATCOM system to compensate power quality issues. The fundamental extraction from the distorted load current constitutes the main divergences in the proposed study. Further, the Finite control set model predictive control (FCS MPC) of the distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) using Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment Solution (WASPAS) method is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversation AI such as ChatGPT is a disruptive technology that has the potential to influence the field of counseling. The present article examines how AI based chatbot ChatGPT can be used by counselor educators in helping counselors-in-training practice counseling skills through role play. The author developed a model, ChatGPT Client Simulation (CCS), to support counselors-in-training learn and practice counseling skills. The CCS model can be used both in synchronous online as well as in-person counseling courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study used a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) approach to explore, examine and develop a grounded theory (GT) of spiritual awakening conceptualisation and process. The authors used the interview data of 34 eminent spiritual teachers who have written books on spirituality, led spiritual retreats and conducted lectures and trainings on spiritual quest. These participants come from diverse backgrounds (e.g., American, Asian, European and Mexican), trainings (e.g., Buddhism, Yoga, Hinduism, Taoism, Christianity and other mindfulness traditions) and professional experiences. The data analysis of the interviews led to the development of the spiritual awakening evolution (SAE) model, explaining the process and evolution of spiritual awakening. According to this model, spiritual awakening evolves through four phases: an initial transient shift in perception, further practice to support spiritual development, surrendering and a continuous journey of spiritual development. As spiritual awakening experiences are transcultural, the SAE model can inform counsellors' understanding of clients' spiritual needs and the meanings of those experiences. Implications for counsellor practitioners, counsellor preparation programmes and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in counsellor education and supervision, presenting a roadmap for future research inquiries. The article underscores the need for future research to critically examine the ethical and beneficial integration of AI in counsellor education, focusing on training programmes and guidelines. Additionally, it calls for the development of comprehensive frameworks for AI chatbot integration, supervision models for counsellors‐in‐training and further exploration of AI's potential in the counselling profession. In conclusion, while advanced conversational AI shows promise in counselling, more research is needed to ensure responsible and effective integration. This article provides valuable insights and directions for future investigations, aiming to shape the ethical use of AI technologies in the counselling field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study of 1,218 counselors used a correlational research design to explore the relationship between components of professional identity for counselors. The study explored relationships between factors of practice setting, years of experience, compassion, demographics, and overall professional identity. The study included provisionally and Billy licensed counselors. Counselors in full-time practice reported a significantly higher sense of professional identity as compared with counselors in part-time practice. Further, highly experienced counselors reported significantly higher strength of profession at identity as compared with novice counselors. However, no significant group differences were found based on counselor work setting, licensure type, and gender identity. Type of practice, years of experience, and compassion emerged as the best predictors of counselor professional identity. Implications for clinical supervision and burnout prevention to support strong professional identity for counselors are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of COVID-19, health care providers experienced an immense expansion of telehealth usage across fields. Despite the growth of telemental health offerings, issues of licensing portability continue to create barriers to broader access to mental health care. To address portability issues, the Counseling Compact creates an opportunity for counselors to have privileges to practice in states that have passed compact legislation. Considerations of ethical and legal aspects of counseling in multiple states are critical as counselors begin to apply for privileges to practice through the Counseling Compact. This article explores ethical and legal regulations relevant to telemental health practice in multiple states under the proposed compact system. An illustrative case example and flowcharts offer guidance for counselors planning to apply for Counseling Compact privileges and provide telemental health across multiple states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the attractive features like improved torque density, reduction torque pulsation, superior fault tolerance, reduced power rating of voltage source converter, and sterling noise characteristics of six-phase asymmetrical induction motor (SPAIM) as compared to its three-phase counterpart, the SPAIM is considered for the study. In this paper, mathematical modelling of SPAIM is carried out in the synchronous reference frame and then indirect rotor field-oriented control (IRFOC) of SPAIM using a modified carrier wave-based space vector modulation (SVM) scheme is developed. A Simulink model of the proposed system configuration is developed and a simulation study is carried out. In order to validate the simulation results, a scaled prototype model of SPAIM rated for 2 HP, 4-pole, 200V is developed, and closed loop control of SPAIM drive with aforesaid modified SVM technique is implemented using TMS320F28379D controller board. The performance of the system is observed in several operating conditions with simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink and test setup and various test results are recorded under several operating conditions and presented. Furthermore, the proposed SVM technique is compared with benchmarked SPWM and hysteresis current controller as well and it is observed that it outperforms traditional SPWM and hysteresis-based current controllers in terms of the distortion of stator currents and torque ripples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends a Euler-Lagrange passivity-based controller (EL-PBC) for the three-level (TL) Ćuk PFC converter for EVs battery charging application. The TL Ćuk converter has features of reduced filter size and voltage stress of switches. First, the Euler-Lagrange formulation is used to develop the mathematical modelling. Then, the EL-PBC methodology is implemented by injecting a virtual resistor in series with the input inductor. Further, the stability analysis is also carried out. To improve the performances against input perturbations and reduce the steady state error, a PI controller is integrated with the aforesaid controller and its performances are investigated. Furthermore, the power quality of the charger is assessed and it satisfies IEC 61000-3-2 Class C standard. This controller is also compared with the benchmark PI controller. A prototype model of same specifications is tested in hardware in loop. Computer simulations and test results are presented to validate the theoretical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the parametric investigation of syngas fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The chemical kinetic simulation of the syngas HCCI engine is performed using the stochastic reactor model (SRM). This study first compares and evaluates the performance of different reaction mechanisms for the HCCI engine. The experimental combustion pressure data is compared with numerically investigated combustion pressure to validate the reaction mechanisms. Results indicate that a numerically simulated combustion pressure using a detailed reaction mechanism consisting of 173 reactions and 32 species (CRECK-2014) is well-matched with the profile of experimental combustion pressure. The validated reaction mechanism is further used to investigate the HCCI engine at different engine speeds for various equivalence ratio (ϕ) , syngas composition (hydrogen addition (H 2 :CO)) and inlet valve closing temperature (T i v c). The sensitivity analysis is performed to find the prominent reactions in the oxidation reaction mechanism. Based on the combustion characteristics, syngas HCCI maps are developed. The effect of engine operating conditions on combustion and emission characteristics is also investigated. Furthermore, the result of engine operating parameters on converting fuel energy into physical exergy, chemical exergy, work exergy, and heat loss exergy is also briefly discussed. • Parametric investigation of syngas fuelled HCCI engine conducted. • CRECK-2014 reaction mechanism consisting of 173-reactions and 32-species is used. • Syngas HCCI operating maps for optimal performance are developed. • Crank angle-based exergy analysis for syngas HCCI engine is performed. • X w o r k increases with an increase in the ϕ for constant engine speed, T i v c , and H 2 : C O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empathy and compassion are critical elements in counselling presence and practice. The present interpretive phenomenological study explored counsellor lived experiences of empathy and compassion. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis, findings highlighted how counsellors experience compassion and empathy, how boundaries shape wellness and practice with clients, and the impact of empathy and compassion over a career. The findings suggest that self‐other differentiation is key while using empathy to develop a strong therapeutic alliance and counsellor self‐care. Implications inform how counsellors can maintain wellness and learn to foster empathy and compassion in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to provide enhanced features of onboard EV battery chargers in terms of improved power quality feature, reduced voltage stress, reduced filter size, high efficiency and fast dynamic response for universal input voltage range (85–265 V). The proposed configuration comprises of three-level quadratic converter suitable to provide high voltage gain. The detailed operation, analysis and control scheme of the proposed converter rated for 3.2 kW, 400 V are studied under simulation and hardware in a loop environment. The on-board charger performances are assessed by charging a 40 Ah lithium ion EV battery under different charging modes. The state of charge of battery decides converter operating mode i.e. constant current and constant voltage mode to charge the battery. Enhancement in the onboard charger is observed in both operating modes tested for wide variation in supply voltages. The results reveal that the operation of converter depicts unity power factor operation, improvement in supply current harmonics and controlling output voltage/current. Under both operating modes, the proposed charger draws sinusoidal supply current from ac mains and its THD is reduced to specified limit prescribed by IEC-61000-3-2. Furthermore, the charger performance is also investigated for EV battery charging operation at wide input voltage variations and found satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to provide a three-level CUK converter-based on-board electrical vehicle battery charger with improved power quality features. The proposed configuration includes a diode bridge rectifier followed by a DC–DC converter suitable for the universal input voltage variations (85–265 V). It offers reduced voltage stress across the switches, reduced filter size, high efficiency, and improved dynamic response. A feed-forward control scheme is implemented for the proper functioning of the proposed converter under constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes of operation. In this paper, the mathematical modeling, operational details, and components design of the PFC converter are analyzed in continuous current mode. The simulation study on a 3.2 kW, 400 V proposed converter is carried out with MATLAB Simulink toolbox, and a real-time implementation of the same specifications of the proposed system is developed to verify the simulation study. The steady-state and dynamic behavior of the converter is investigated for power quality features like total harmonics distortion and input power factor with resistive and battery loads. The onboard charger exhibits satisfactory operation in CC and CV modes to a wide range of supply voltage variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control algorithm of a DSTATCOM majorly influences its function. The key role of a phase locked loop (PLL) as a fundamental extractor in the control algorithm is inevitable. It is used to extract the information of the fundamental like phase angle, frequency and amplitude from the distorted voltage/current signal. According to the information collected, the performance of the control algorithm of the DSTATCOM is judged for various conditions like unbalanced and distorted harmonic condition. This paper presents the study of three PLLs, namely unified three-phase signal processor PLL (UTSP), multi-sequence harmonic decoupling PLL (MSHDC) and harmonic/inter-harmonic DC offset (HIHDO) PLL. An unconstrained optimization problem has been formulated with DC and AC bus voltage errors. The gains of proportional integral controller are projected using RAO algorithm. It is an algorithm specific type and parameter less. The DSTATCOM is able to compensate the reactive power and mitigate the grid current harmonics which are caused due to a nonlinear load through an optimized PI controller for the considered PLL the control algorithms. An analysis of performance using simulation results, dynamic response and complexity in computation has been made for the PLLs considered. The fast recovery during dynamic conditions of the system has opted HIHDO PLL as better one among the other two proposed PLLs. The laboratory performance of the considered system for HIHDO PLL using d-SPACE has been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of achieving zero-carbon emissions in the transportation sector through microgrid-based charging increases green electrification, fostering sustainable development with renewable energy sources (RES). Integrating solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems into residential grids presents challenges such as unpredictable solar power generation, electric vehicle (EV) charging fluctuations, and grid synchronization issues during faults. The current solutions face problems like irregular current patterns during high EV demand, inefficient charge/discharge management, and difficulty transitioning between modes, particularly with nonlinear loads. The proposed system offers the integration of an advanced energy management scheme (EMS) to optimize solar energy utilization and enhance grid stability. A unique model of Scott transformer connection-based dual active bridge (STC-DAB) converter topology is incorporated for bidirectional power flow from the battery energy storage (BES) system. The system also features innovative grid synchronization technology during abnormal grid conditions. An adaptive EMS ensures a stable power supply to EV and emergency loads, enhancing adaptability in grid tied mode (GTM) and stand-alone mode (SAM), even in fluctuating irradiation conditions. The proposed system surpasses traditional approaches by providing enhanced reliability through continuous power supply to BES and residential loads, ensuring stability even in challenging conditions. The system offers a reliable and sustainable power management solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the influence of fuel injection events on the nanoparticle emission characteristics of light-duty gasoline-diesel RCCI engine. The formation of nanoparticle emissions strongly depends on fuel injection events. The present study experimentally investigates the influence of diesel injection pressure, injection timing, and port-injected gasoline mass on the nanoparticles emitted from the gasoline-diesel RCCI engine. For this purpose, the engine is tested at different engine speeds and a fixed load of 1.5 bar BMEP without exhaust gas recirculation. The particle-size and number distribution (PSD) and total particle number (total PN) concentration are measured using a differential mobility spectrometer. The results depict that at higher diesel injection pressure (IP) operation, the peak of the NMP increases while the AMP peak decreases for neat diesel operation as well as RCCI engine. Nucleation, as well as accumulation mode particles, increases with advanced diesel injection timing in RCCI combustion. An increase in port fuel injected mass also leads to an increase in the total particle concentration and total unburned hydrocarbon (THC) emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we explore potential benefits of yoga, an ancient Indian tradition for spiritual growth and development, for counselors. Counselors use themselves as instruments to support clients and are constantly exposed to the traumatic experiences of clients, which may leave them susceptible to secondary traumatic stress or compassion fatigue (Shallcross, 2011). Yoga can help counselors not only in achieving holistic wellness but also in developing a way of being consistent with the characteristics of an effective counselor. Furthermore, yoga, as a spiritual practice, can empower counselors to embark on a spiritual journey driven by their own personal experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a consistent demand for reliable, efficient, small-sized, and light weight on-board chargers for vehicular battery charging applications. In view of aforesaid requirements, these chargers are restricted to Level-1 and Level-2 charging. Therefore, it leads to larger charging time. The proposed charger is integrated with propulsion machine drive system that serves to utilize the high power-rated electrical machine and motor-drive voltage source converter to facilitate vehicular battery charging when the vehicle is not running. This article presents mathematical modeling under various operational modes, analysis, and design considerations for the proposed system configuration. The entire system is developed in sim-power system toolbox of MATLAB software and tested in real-time implementation. The performance investigations of proposed charging system are carried out for vehicle battery charging under steady state as well as source variations. Furthermore, to ensure power quality features, total harmonic distortions of source voltage, and current and input power factor, are monitored. The salient features of proposed systems include no additional circuit, on-board charger suitable for fast charging, plugged in with single-phase, 230-V, 50-Hz outlet. It also offers a reduction in switch stress, reduced filter size, less ripple in current and voltage, and also improves the dynamic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating how counselors perceive technology as a tool for delivering counseling services is crucial to understand the usage and challenges that may have implications for training programs, policymaking, and allocation of resources. With the COVID-19 crisis and accompanying shelter-in-place and self-distancing guidelines, telemental health, including distance counseling, has become a satisfactory primary delivery system and is now expected to be part of routine counseling care. The present pre-COVID-19 study explored practicing counselors' perceptions of distance counseling regarding advantages and challenges. While noting benefits, results indicate continuing barriers to widespread telemental health use encompassing licensure, training, safety, privacy, evaluation, and regulatory policies. Also, attention is needed for therapeutic relationships and culturally alert digital interventions. In addition, counselors can take advantage of rapidly changing technologies to provide numerous innovative counseling services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effective utilization of single-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with improved power quality features with the help of voltage source converter (VSC) is presented. This generator works as an isolated single-phase distributed power generation system. In this case, the frequency and voltage control of induction generator feeding linear/nonlinear load is carried out using VSC under different operating characteristics. The power quality issues such as reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, harmonics reduction have been addressed. The VSC is operated by the reference current extracted from the distorted load current using adaptive theory-based Improved Linear Sinusoidal Tracer (ILST) control strategy for effective utilization and power quality as per IEEE-519 standards. Nevertheless, the design procedure of the excitation capacitor for self-excitation of the generator is also presented in detail. The design performance of SEIG is also validated through finite element method (FEM). The entire system comprising induction generator, nonlinear/linear load, and VSC along with ILST control algorithm are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink Library. The simulation performance is carried out under various operating conditions and found satisfactory. Also, the system prototype is developed in the laboratory for real-time performance analysis and validation. The results obtained are found satisfactory as per standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel circularly polarized hexagonal ring microstrip patch antenna with asymmetrical feed is proposed for S, C, and X‐band applications. A semi‐arc‐shaped slot is integrated into the ground plane, and the hexagonal ring is tilted by an angle of 25° with respect to the microstrip‐line feed (asymmetric), which creates a circularly polarized UWB. The simulation of the proposed antenna is carried out using Ansoft HFSS v.13 and the measurement is done with an N5230A vector network analyzer. The simulated and the measured results of our proposed antenna are in good agreement. The successful implementation of the asymmetrical feed shows a broader impedance bandwidth of 134% (B.W = 9.55 GHz) from 2.34 to 11.89 GHz at 7.12 GHz of the center frequency. The 3‐dB axial ratio B.W is 2.8% (7.1‐7.3 GHz) and 21.8% (9.8‐12.2 GHz) in the UWB range. The average gain of the proposed antenna is 4.15 dBi. Good RHCP waves are also found in the x‐z and y‐z planes. The proposed antenna can be effectively used in S, C, and X‐band applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) methods for six‐phase asymmetrical ac drives are discussed including continuous and discontinuous switching sequences. These switching sequences are adapted from the carrier‐based PWM techniques. Some additional sequences are also derived which reduce the intricacy of programming algorithm. Total six pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are selected for simulation and experimentation. The comparative performances of these modulation techniques are studied in terms of harmonic distortion factor (HDF), torque and current ripples and switching losses. Based on study, a new PWM technique termed as 6SVM3‐B2 is found that leads to the lowest HDF and current ripple in prototype model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telehealth services rapidly expanded with the COVID-19 national public health emergency. Following the end of the public health emergency telehealth practice may once again be limited by prior policy. The current content analysis assessed 299 legislative bills related to telehealth at the state-level in 2021 and 2022 to determine trends in telehealth laws in the United States. Analysis explored correlative relationships between metrics representing mental health needs on the state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to decarbonize the transportation industry has attracted a lot of attention in recent years in response to growing environmental concerns. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) need to be properly located for widespread EV integration. The distribution system is facing additional challenges due to inclusion of EVCS. The adverse impacts of EVCS on the Radial Distribution Network (RDN) may be minimized using Distributed Generations (DGs) or Distribution Static Compensators (DSTATCOMs) or by reconfiguring the network. This paper uses a novel optimization technique to solve the problem of simultaneous optimal placement of EVCS with network reconfiguration and optimal planning (siting and sizing) of DGs and DSTATCOMs. The multiple objective functions are considered in order to minimize the active power losses, the voltage deviation, the investment costs for DGs and DSTATCOMs, and to increase the voltage stability of the system. A novel meta-heuristic Cheetah Optimization Algorithm (COA) is used to solve the optimization problem. To examine the effectiveness of the suggested strategy on 33-bus and 136-bus networks, several scenarios of simultaneous incorporation of EVCS, DG, and DSTATCOM installations with network reconfiguration are taken into consideration. The COA results are also compared to the results of grey wolf optimization and genetic algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents "Switching Table based Direct Torque Control" of Six-Phase Induction Motor (SPIM) Drive. The SPIM consists of two sets of stator windings spatially shifted by an angle of 30°. The extension of DTC technique of three-phase induction motor for a six-phase induction motor yields conventional DTC, in which one large voltage vector per sampling period is utilized. This technique suffers from large stator current harmonics of the order of 6k ± 1 (k = 1, 3, 5..). Initially, the conventional DTC technique has been implemented for comparison purpose. Further, its performance is improved by using two voltage vectors in each sampling period. In order to investigate the performance of ST-DTC based SPIM, a simulation study is carried out under different operating conditions. To validate the simulation results, a prototype model of six-phase induction motor rated for 1.5 kW, 200 V, 50 Hz is developed. Results obtained during simulation and experimentation show the effectiveness of modified ST-DTC technique in the reduction of stator current harmonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The six-phase asymmetrical induction motors (SPIMs) are employed for high power medium voltage drive due to its attractive features of reduced stator copper loss, lower torque pulsation, higher torque per ampere, and higher reliability. In this paper, analysis of carrier-comparison-based pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques namely sinusoidal PWM and double zero-sequence injection PWM are carried out from a space vector perspective. Furthermore, new space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) techniques are developed by modifying the switching sequences of carrier-based PWM techniques. A comprehensive analysis of these PWM techniques is carried out in terms of harmonic flux trajectories, squared harmonic flux, and harmonic distortion factor (HDF). As a result, modified SVPWM technique namely 6ΦSVM3 is found superior to aforesaid PWM techniques, which significantly reduces HDF and provides lower current total harmonic distortion (THD). The experimental results of aforementioned PWM techniques are obtained and verified from six phase asymmetrical induction motor fed by dual two-level 3ΦVSIs. This paper is also accompanied by a video file of experimental test setup recorded while 6ΦSVM2 is running on SPIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the two-stage converters for electric bike battery charging comprise of a boost converter for power factor correction (PFC) followed by a dc–dc converter with universal input voltage. These two-stage conversions suffer from poor efficiency and increased component count. In this paper, a single-stage switched inductor Cuk converter based PFC converter is proposed, which offers high step-down gain, low current stress, high efficiency, and reduced component count. The operational analysis and design equations for various components of the proposed converter are carried out in continuous current mode. This paper presents mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, and experimentation on the proposed converter rated for 500 W, 48 V/10.4 A. The performance investigation of the proposed converter with respect to power quality indices like voltage total harmonic distortion (THD), current THD, and total power factor is carried out with various types of loads such as resistive load and battery load in both constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) mode. Furthermore, the dynamic performance of the proposed converter with battery charging is investigated in CV mode and CC mode with respect to the wide range of supply variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the performance analysis of different PWM techniques for three-phase and dual three-phase induction motors. In this paper, the dual three-phase induction motor is reconnected as a three-phase and six-phase winding configurations and its performances are investigated. The comparative evaluation for the aforesaid machine configurations are carried out in terms of quality of stator current waveform with different PWM techniques. Total harmonic distortion are obtained in terms of harmonic distortion factor for stator current. The theoretical findings are further verified through simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the comparison of different phase locked loops (PLLs) based control algorithms for removal of voltage based power quality problems such as voltage sag/swell, distortions and unbalances etc. For this purpose, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is designed with heuristic optimization technique called Multi-objective Grey wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) for PI gains calculation. Three PLLs namely adaptive transfer delay phase locked loop (ATD-PLL), multi complex coefficient filter phase locked loop (MCCF-PLL), and multi synchronous reference frame phase locked loop (MSRF-PLL) are implemented for the control of DVR in a three-phase system. These PLLs are employed for compensation of distortions and imbalances in supply along with voltage sag/swell. Basically, estimation of fundamental and positive sequence components are the basic function of these PLLs that is used for further extraction of reference load voltage. The optimization approach has been implemented for estimation of proportional integral (PI) gains of dc bus as well as ac bus in the system. This approach of tuning PI controller-gains reduces the time by integrating the fixed sized external archive to the GWO for saving and retrieving optimal solutions. Three wires DVR with developed control algorithms are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and tested in a laboratory environment. The recorded results show satisfactory performance of DVR for compensation of voltage based power quality problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voltage and frequency fluctuation under variable load or variable wind speed is the key issue to solve in distributed generation based on wind power. Further, harmonic and zero sequence current flow through the generator windings due to connection of nonlinear load deteriorate the power quality of the supply. In this paper a control algorithm known as adaptive vectorial filter (AVF) is developed for the solution of the aforesaid problems. This method lies in the category of frequency lock loop (FLL) rather than phase locked loop (PLL) and having no PI coefficient in the loop filter. Therefore it is easy to tune for that frequency component which is desired at output. The frequency locked loop extracts the frequency of the source voltage which is less affected by sudden changes in the system. Hence it is more suitable than the PLL based techniques in wind based distributed power generation system. The entire system is tested under different operating conditions using field-programmable gate array based controller with MATLAB interface in real time. The dynamic response and steady state response shown by it is found satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The electric vehicle promotion in the backdrop of environment and climate issues is very important. In this paper, bidirectional converter for an electric vehicle battery charging along with features to mitigate the harmonics and reactive power in a residential installation is presented. It consists of adaptive transverse filter for the detection of fundamental component of the load current. The additional tasks are assigned to an electric vehicle charger for power quality improvement. This leads to reduction in cost for utility and a revenue generating scheme for the vehicle owner. Thus, the power quality indices are evaluated for the bidirectional interface (inherent to the on board power electronic equipment of the vehicle) in charging and discharging modes of the battery. The performance of the proposed converter is validated with the prototype system of same specifications. The performance results are obtained during charging and discharging modes with steady‐state and dynamic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a concept of smart charging station using bidirectional half bridge converter for an electric vehicle. This battery charging station is useful for charging applications along with harmonics and reactive power compensation in a distribution system. A filter which is adaptive to the supply voltage frequency is used for the estimation of the 50 Hz component of load current. Due to additional features of vehicle charger, associated with the power quality improvement, there will be a drastic reduction in the current drawn from utility to meet the same load demand. The charging station presented in this paper is termed as smart with several function. The proposed smart charger is able to improve power quality of residential loads or other loads, not only during charging/discharging of the vehicle battery, but also in the absence of the vehicle. The Simulink model is developed with MATLAB software and its simulation results are presented. The level of current distortion during charging and and discharging mode is recorded 1.6 % and 2.4 % respectively with unity supply power factor during experiments. The performance of converter is evaluated during charging modes both in constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic brought disruption to teaching and other aspects of workload in higher education. The current study sampled 126 counselor educators about workload, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and job satisfaction. Results indicated that faculty workload and administrative responsibilities increased for counselor educators during the pandemic without adequate compensation or support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising alternative combustion strategy having higher thermal efficiency while maintaining the NO x and soot emissions below the current emissions mandates. The HCCI combustion engine has typically lower operating load range in comparison to conventional engines. The HCCI combustion is constrained by various operational limits such as combustion instability limit, combustion noise limits, emission limits and peak cylinder pressure limit. High load limit of HCCI combustion is typically limited by very high heat release rate, which leads to ringing operation. Intense ringing operation leads to very high combustion noise, and heavy ringing operation can also damage the engine parts. Thus, it is important to investigate the characteristics of ringing intensity (RI) in HCCI engine. Hydrogen fueled HCCI engine combines the potential advantages of alternative fuel as well as the alternative combustion strategy. This study presents the RI characterization and prediction using chemical kinetics and artificial neural network (ANN) for hydrogen-HCCI operation. In the first part of the study, the effect of equivalence ratio (φ), inlet temperature (T ivc ), and engine speed on ringing intensity is investigated using chemical kinetics model. Based on ringing operation characteristics of hydrogen HCCI engine, ANN model is used to predict the ringing intensity (RI) for different engine operating conditions (i.e., φ T ivc , engine speed) and different combustion parameters. The result indicates that RI increases with advanced combustion phasing (CA 50 ), higher inlet temperature, and equivalence ratio. To control the ringing operation, the CA 50 position needs to be retarded by optimizing the T ivc and φ. Maximum engine operating range is found for lower engine speed (i.e., 1000 rpm) and reduces with increase in the engine speed. The results showed that the RI is strongly correlated to the CA 50 position with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 at constant inlet temperature. The ANN results also show that ANN model predicts RI with sufficient accuracy. The ANN model predicts RI with engine operating conditions as well as combustion parameters with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 and 0.95 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine has been investigated numerically. For numerical analysis, zero dimensional stochastic reactor model (0-D SRM) approach was used. SRM was validated with experimental results and used for parametric analysis of dual fuel engine by varying operating parameters such as premixing ratio of fuels, engine speed and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) percentage. Numerically obtained results from 0-D SRM were found in good agreement with the experimental results. Combustion process in dual fuel engine has also been analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using a commercial 3-D CFD engine simulation tool ‘STAR-CD’ in conjunction with mesh generator ‘es-ice’. During engine combustion simulation with the STAR-CD code, PVM−MF (progress variable model – multi fuel) combustion model was used, which specially developed to characterize the multi fuel combustion. Spray evolution and combustion process has been analysed in a sector of engine cylinder to reduce the computational time during simulations. Numerically simulated data using this model was also found in good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that engine performance improved at higher engine load conditions and carbon mono oxide as well as unburned hydrocarbon emissions reduced. Effect of EGR on combustion and performance characteristics of dual fuel engine was also analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study, the effect of fuel premixing ratio, direct fuel injection timings and engine compression ratio on the soot particle emissions in nano-size range from a non-road compression ignition engine is investigated. Experiments are conducted on modified dual fuel single cylinder engine at 1500 rpm. To run the engine in dual fuel mode, port fuel injection (PFI) system is installed by modifying intake manifold of the engine and developing a PFI controller. Experiments are conducted for various fuel premixing ratio of gasoline/methanol-diesel at different engine load, diesel fuel injection timing and compression ratios. Differential mobility spectrometer based particle sizer is used for investigation of the soot particle number-size distribution, surface area-size distribution, particle mass-size distribution and total particle number concentration from the engine exhaust at various test conditions. Results revealed that total particle number concentration is higher at full engine load and increases with fuel premixing ratio (especially in case of methanol-diesel dual fuel operation). Additionally, the peak particle number and mass concentration reduces with an increase in compression ratio of the engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the magnetic energy recovery switch-based power quality converter that provides regulated output direct current voltage along with power quality features. The output direct current voltage is regulated below the input voltage unlike other improved power quality converters. In this paper, design and analysis of magnetic energy recovery switch with respect to the converter is discussed. For us to control the output voltage, the closed-loop control loop is established that includes voltage controller in the outer loop along with inner current controller loop. This inner loop generates the reference current using template of source voltage that controls the input current to maintain unity power factor operation. The performance of 500 W, 48 V/10 A prototype converter is investigated under dynamic and steady-state conditions, and simulation results are discussed with different types of loads. Furthermore, its performances in percentage total harmonic distortion in source current with aforesaid loads are evaluated with varying source voltage. Based on study, the proposed converter is suitable for various applications requiring power at high current at reduced output voltage such as battery charging for electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) infrastructure development is a crucial part of the sustainable growth of the electric vehicle (EV) industry. However, the installation of EVCS may negatively affect the performance of the distribution system. This article presents a novel hybrid optimization approach to solve the optimal allocation problem of EVCS with network reconfiguration in the presence of distributed generation (DG) and distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), with the objectives of reducing the voltage deviation, real power loss, and investment costs of DGs and DSTATCOMs while improving the voltage stability of the distribution network. A hybrid of African vulture optimization and pattern search (HAVOPS) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The impacts of EVCSs are examined for the 33-bus and 136-bus systems with five different cases of DG and DSTATCOM placement with reconfiguration of the network. The efficacy and performance of the HAVOPS algorithm are validated by comparison to the results of the African vulture optimization algorithm, marine predators' algorithm, grey wolf optimizer, artificial gorilla troops optimizer, and genetic algorithm. According to the findings, the HAVOPS algorithm is superior to the other methods in terms of the merit of the solutions it produces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a clean potential alternative fuel for internal combustion engines and completely eliminates the carbon based engine emissions (CO, CO 2 and unburned hydrocarbons). Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a low temperature combustion mode with higher thermal efficiency and ultralow NO x emission. Hydrogen HCCI engine can combine potential benefit of fuel and combustion characteristics. In HCCI engine, combustion is governed by the chemical kinetics of the oxidation reactions. In-order to find a suitable reaction mechanism to numerically predict the combustion characteristics of hydrogen HCCI engine, 15 recent hydrogen combustion mechanisms are compared and analyzed. All mechanisms were simulated using a stochastic reactor model (SRM) to evaluate the combustion parameters for HCCI engine. Simulations were performed by varying inlet temperature (400–440 K), intake pressure (1.0–3.0 bar), engine speed (1000–3000 rpm) and relative air-fuel ratio (λ = 2 to 8) for all the mechanisms. Ignition delay predicted from different mechanism was compared with experimental data and ignition delay was also compared at engine like condition using all the test mechanisms. Error in prediction of different combustion parameters such as start of combustion (CA 10 ), maximum cylinder pressure (P max ) and maximum heat release rate (HRR max ) were evaluated using different hydrogen combustion mechanisms. It was found that a recently developed hydrogen mechanism (Maurya-2017) shows the closet resemblance with the experimental cylinder pressure data. The Oconaire-2004 mechanism was able to accurately predict the characteristics of hydrogen HCCI combustion. It was also found that NUIG-NGM-2010 and CRECK-2014 mechanisms were able to estimate the HCCI combustion characteristics under higher combustion temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a potential alternative and renewable fuel for homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine to achieve higher efficiency and zero emissions of CO, unburned hydrocarbons as well as other greenhouse gases such as CO 2 and CH 4 . In this study, a detailed hydrogen oxidation mechanism with NO x was developed by incorporating additional species and NO x reactions to the existing hydrogen combustion mechanism (10 species and 40 reactions). The detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism used in this study consists of 39 species and 311 reactions. A reduced mechanism consisting 30 species and 253 reactions was also developed by using directed relation graph (DRG) method from detailed mechanism. Developed mechanisms were validated with experimental data by HCCI engine simulation using stochastic reactor model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most important reactions in hydrogen combustion and NO x formation in HCCI engine. Pathway analysis was also performed to analyze the important reaction pathways at different temperatures. Results revealed that H2 + HO2 [=] H + H2O2 and O2 + NNH [=] N2 + HO2 are the most significant reactions in the hydrogen HCCI combustion and NO x formation respectively. Detailed parametric study of HCCI combustion was conducted using developed chemical kinetic model. Numerical simulations are performed at different engine operating condition by varying engine speed (1000–3000 rpm), intake air temperature (380–460 K), and compression ratio (16–18) at different relative air fuel ratios (λ). The HCCI operating range was determined for different compression ratios and results show that operating range expands with increase in compression ratio. The effect of intake temperature, engine speed and equivalence ratio on cylinder pressure and heat release rate were investigated. Maximum thermal efficiency of 46% and maximum combustion efficiency of 98% was observed among all the test conditions. Parametric study of NO x emissions was also conducted and it was found that NO x emissions decrease exponentially from higher to lower engine loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of measured in-cylinder pressure data provides various parameters that characterize engine combustion process. Advanced engine control technologies use cylinder pressure based combustion parameters for closed loop control. Four step signal processing (i) absolute pressure correction, (ii) crank angle position referencing, (iii) cycle averaging and (iv) filtering is typically applied to get sufficiently accurate cylinder pressure data for an engine cycle. This paper focuses on cycle averaging and filtering of in-cylinder pressure signal from a conventional compression ignition (CI) engine. Experiments are conducted at different engine load and compression ratios at 1500 rpm. The in-cylinder pressure trace of 2500 consecutive engine cycles is recorded and analyzed. Effect of in-cylinder pressure signal noise and cyclic variation on combustion analysis is investigated. A method based on standard deviation of pressure and pressure rise rate is used to find sufficient minimum number of engine cycles to be recorded for averaging to get reasonably accurate pressure data independent of cyclic variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol fuelled homogenous charge compression ignition engine offers a better alternative to tackle the problems of achieving higher engine efficiency and lower emissions using renewable fuel. Present study computationally investigates the HCCI operating range of ethanol at different compression ratios by varying inlet air temperature and engine speed using stochastic reactor model. A newly developed reduced ethanol oxidation mechanism with NO x having 47 species and 272 reactions is used for simulation. HCCI operating range for compression ratios 17, 19 and 21 are investigated and found to be increasing with compression ratio. Simulations are conducted for engine speeds ranging from 1000 to 3000 rpm at different intake temperatures (range 365–465 K). Parametric study of combustion and emission characteristics is conducted and engine maps are developed at most efficient inlet temperatures. HCCI operating range is defined using combustion efficiency (>85%) and maximum pressure rise rate (<5 MPa/ms). In HCCI operating range, higher efficiency is found at higher engine loads and lower engine speeds. Emission characteristics of species (NO x , N 2 O, CO, CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , CH 3 CHO, and HCHO) found in significant amount is also analysed for ethanol fulled HCCI engine. Emission maps for different species are presented and discussed for wide range of speed and load conditions. Some of unregulated species such as aldehydes are emitted in significantly higher quantities from ethanol fuelled HCCI engine at higher load and speed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol is considered a potential biofuel for internal combustion engines. In this study, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) simulations of ethanol engine experiments were performed using stochastic reactor model (SRM). Detailed ethanol oxidation mechanism is developed by including NO x reaction in existing detailed oxidation mechanism with 57 species and 383 reactions. Detailed ethanol mechanism with NO x used in this study contains 76 species and 495 reactions. This mechanism was reduced by direct relation graph (DRG) method, which was validated with the experimental results. Existing Lu’s 40-species skeletal mechanism with NO formation were also compared with detailed and reduced mechanisms for predicting maximum cylinder pressure, maximum heat release rate and crank angle position of maximum cylinder pressure in HCCI engine. Reduced mechanism developed in this study exhibited the best resemblance with the experimental data. This reduced mechanism was also validated by measured engine cylinder pressure curves and measured ignition delays in constant volume reactors. The results showed that reduced mechanism is capable of predicting HCCI engine performance parameters with sufficient accuracy. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the influential reactions in ethanol oxidation. Results also show that detailed and reduced mechanism was able to predict NO x emission in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death awareness and near-death experiences initiate shifts in awareness, priorities, and relationships. This narrative inquiry explored the stories of four individuals who had near-death experiences. Participants shared their experiences before and after the experiences. Findings include considerations of how mortality awareness connects with life experiences. Resonant threads across narratives included Interactions with Death, Life after Death, and Meaning in Life after Death. Specifically, findings explore near-death experiences, how life was changed following interactions with death, and the meaning-making process through death awareness. Findings and discussion explore the impact of death awareness as well as considerations for those in death and trauma-related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuels are attracting global attention as alternate transportation fuels due to advantages of their being produced from locally available renewable resources, lower pollution potential, and biodegradable nature. Butanol is fast emerging as one of the competitive biofuels for use in transportation engines. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have shown great potential for higher engine efficiency and ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This experimental study is therefore carried out to combine the advantages of biofuels and HCCI engines, both. Detailed performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of n-butanol fueled HCCI engine are investigated experimentally. The study is conducted on a four cylinder diesel engine, whose one cylinder was modified to operate in HCCI combustion mode. Port fuel injection technique was used for homogeneous charge preparation in the intake manifold. Auto-ignition of fuel in the engine cylinder was achieved by intake air preheating. In-cylinder pressure-crank angle data acquisition with subsequent heat release analyses and exhaust emission measurements were done for combustion and emission characterization. In this paper, the effect of intake air temperature and air-fuel ratio on the combustion parameters, thermal and combustion efficiency, ringing intensity (RI), and emissions from n-butanol fueled HCCI engine were analyzed and discussed comprehensively. Empirical correlations were derived to fit the experimental data for various combustion parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]