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This work aimed to evaluate the inclusion of jabuticaba peel flour (JPF) in skin color and productive performance, biochemical, blood, and enzymatic parameters of Carassius auratus. 72 fish (weight 9.67 ± 0.37 g, length 7.38 ± 0.18 cm) were distributed into four treatments (0.00; 1.00; 1.50 and 2.00% JPF), in a completely randomized design with three replications with six fish per box. After 60 days, to evaluate the performance of the fish. To assess the skin color of the fish, a portable photo colorimeter was used using the Hunter coordinate system, where the coordinates of L*, a*, and b*. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis regarding glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The analysis of ALT and AST, albumin and triglycerides in liver tissue, and amylase, lipase, nonspecific protease, and alkaline phosphatase in the intestine. Results obtained showed that there was a significant difference about feed intake and specific growth rate with the inclusion of JPF. It was observed that fish fed with 1.00 and 1.50% JPF obtained an increase in brightness represented by the L coordinate and shades of yellow represented by the b coordinate. Glucose increased with 2.00% of JPF. AST activity was higher with 1.00% JPF and ALT was reduced with the inclusion of JPF, demonstrating an ability to protect against possible liver damage. The inclusion of JPF is effective at levels of up to 1.5% to increase the brightness of the skin of Carassius auratus.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic jabuticaba bark on the diets of female blue Betta splendens in relation to the level of digestive enzymes, liver metabolism, and antioxidant activity. The sample constituted 150 individuals subdivided into five groups in triplicate, totaling 10 fish per 20 L experimental unit. Commercial diets (40.88% CP and 4374.8 Kcal kg-1) were added to jabuticaba bark (EJB) hydroalcoholic extract concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g .kg-1. The rations were provided twice a day, until apparent satiety, for 21 days. Fish mortality was not observed during the trial. Growth indices did not show any significant differences, apart from feed conversion. The use of the extract promoted an increase in the luminosity of the fish; however, there was no statistical difference in chromaticity a * and b *. A decrease in the activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the skin of fish fed diets of 1.5 and 2.0g.kg-1 EJB was observed in comparison to the other diets. There was no change in CAT activity. It is concluded that the use of 2 g kg-1 EJB has an antioxidant effect that reflects the greater luminosity of blue female Betta splendens.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:23:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-23 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status. However, this information is usually hard to obtain. Here, we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal. We measured red blood cell morphometrics, erythrogram, and leukogram. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families, testing if body size explains their variation. Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes (>60%) in L. podicipinus, followed by neutrophils (similar to 10%). Given that L. podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil, knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram, in which Leptodactylus spp. and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables, whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values. The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace. The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram. Accordingly, body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram (4.7%) and erythrogram (0.57%). By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters, our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs. Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biociencias, BR-79002970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, Box 100, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas, Grad Program Biodivers, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Grad Program Anim Biol, Inst Biociencias, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas, Grad Program Biodivers, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Inst Biociencias Letras & Ciencias Exatas, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil CAPES: 001 Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: 71/700.136 CNPq: 310058/2020-1 CNPq: 304552/2019-4

The size and shape of red blood cells (RBCs) provide key information on life-history strategies in vertebrates. However, little is known about how RBC shape evolved in response to environmental factors, body size and the role of evolutionary rate. Here, we analysed RBC morphometrics in a set of Teleostei (bony fishes) and Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) species testing the hypothesis that phylogenetic relationship explains species occupation of morphospace. We collected data on cell and nucleus area and volume, nucleus:cytoplasm ratio and shape factor for 65 species belonging to 28 orders. Then, we built phylomorphospaces separately for bony fish and sharks and rays. To test whether phylogenetic relationships predicted phenotypic similarity, we calculated multivariate phylogenetic signal. We also estimated the evolutionary rate of RBC shape for each node and tip using ridge regression. Finally, we tested whether habitat and body size influenced RBC shape using a PGLS. We found a significant phylogenetic signal in RBC shape for bony fish, but not sharks and rays. Saltwater teleost species were more clustered than freshwater ones in the phylomorphospace, suggesting clade disparity. Accordingly, the rate of evolution was highly heterogeneous, with significant decrease in Acanthopterygii. Neither habitat nor body size influenced RBC shape. In conclusion, RBC shape seems to have evolved in fishes in response to multiple selective pressures independent of life-history characters.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-28 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Fundacao Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS/MEC DS-CA scholarship The liver is an important metabolic organ in vertebrates. In anurans, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) reflects differences in energy storage and reproductive activities between males and females. The objective of this study was to describe the histological and histometric parameters of the livers of five species of Neotropical anurans, taking sex-related differences into account. We also tested how the relationship between quantitative histometric variables and HSI varied between males and females in different species. Five males and five females of Elachistocleis matogrosso, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Lysapsus limellum, Pseudis platensis, and Trachycephalus typhonius were captured in central Brazil during the rainy season. HSI did not vary according to sex, but it varied among species. Elachistocleis matogrosso had the highest HSI due to the large hepatocyte size. The percentage of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) was higher in P. platensis and L. limellum. In T. thyphonius, hepatocyte area was negatively associated with HSI, while the MMC percentages were positively associated with HSI. The liver plays a key role in reproductive activities, especially for species with explosive reproduction. Additionally, histometric patterns and volumetric structural density varied between males and females due to energy utilization for reproduction. Not only are these results important for future studies on hepatic morphophysiology but they also provide tools for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies. Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biosci, Grad Program Anim Biol, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biosci, Lab Expt Pathol, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil CNPq: 304552/2019-4 FAPESP: 2018/01078-7

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o perfil das enzimas digestivas no intestino anterior de beta (Bettas splendens) e o quinguio (Carassius auratus) alimentados e privados de alimentação. Os peixes foram alojados em um mesmo local climatizado a 27 oC, submetidos a fotoperíodo de 12 horas, alimentados duas vezes ao dia por 21 dias. Foram utilizados 40 peixes betas machos com peso de 1,94±0,10 g e, alojados individualmente em aquários de três litros sendo um grupo foi submetido ao jejum, e outro recebeu alimentação até a saciedade (ração comercial extrusada - 35% PB). Foram utilizados 40 peixes quinguios com peso de 11,43±3,28 g. sendo mantidos em aeração constante, também subdividido em dois grupos alojados em oito aquários de 20 L em sistema estático, sendo um grupo submetido ao jejum e outro recebeu alimentação até a saciedade, (ração comercial extrusada - 32% PB). Os peixes betas ocorreram um aumento na atividade de lipase, amilase e protease para o tratamento com que recebeu alimentação e uma redução da lipase em tratamento jejum. O experimento com quinguios atividade da lipase e amilase são responsivas a presença de alimento no trato digestório e a protease é uma enzima constitutiva nesta espécie. Para os peixes betas as enzimas digestivas possuem um caráter indutivo e nos peixes quinguios a amilase e lipase digestiva apresentam um caráter indutivo enquanto a protease se apresenta constitutiva.

Symphysodon aequifasciatus is a fish with a disk-shaped body and bright colors, important characteristics of ornamental fish. We evaluated amino acid supplementation strategies to reduce crude protein in the diet for evaluation of performance, the content of digestive enzymes, liver metabolism, and intestinal histopathology. A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 separate 50 L glass aquariums, consisting of a completely randomized design with four treatments (DC - Control diet with 34.4% crude protein; DL - Control diet plus 1% of lysine; DEAA - Control diet plus 1% free essential amino acids (threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, arginine, and tryptophan); and DHP - Diet with a high level of crude protein 48.4%), three repetitions, lasting 60 days. The use of DL and DEAA diets resulted in higher intestinal villus height and higher zootechnical performance. The use of DL diet increased alkaline phosphatase and digestive amylase activity. The use of DHP diets promotes severe liver changes due to increased activity of Alanine aminotraserase. Therefore, it was possible to observe that the use of amino acids can supply the nutritional need of blue discus. Supplementation of diets with AAs allows the reduction of dietary protein, which is a strategy for feeding management.

Pygocentrus nattereri is a carnivorous fish widely distributed in the Brazilian wetland and occupies different river strata. Based on the sexual maturity, the standard length (SL) has been used to categorize age and physiological attributes. However, hematological parameters and their relationship with age and growth features are unknow. Here, the aim was to evaluate the hematological profile and leukocyte data of juvenile and adult specimens, associating it with SL. Specimens of both sexes were weighted, and SL were measured for classify as juveniles (SL ≤16.0 cm) and adults (SL ≥16.1 cm). Blood was collected to perform the hemogram, for leukocyte quantification and ultrastructural descriptions. In general, hemogram values and leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were high in juveniles. Hemogram variables were negatively correlated with SL. Thrombocyte and neutrophil counts were higher in adults than in juveniles. SL was correlated with leukogram variables. Ultrastructural analysis showed that granular leukocyte count in P. nattereri was similar another fishes. PAS-positive granular leukocytes are slightly smaller than neutrophils and are characterized by dense elongated and semi-lunar shapes in the cytoplasm. Our results suggest that age-based SL may be useful for the analysis of the relationship between P. nattereri health status and wetland aquatic environments. RESUMO Pygocentrus nattereri é um peixe carnívoro amplamente distribuído no pantanal brasileiro e ocupa diferentes estratos de rios. Com base na maturidade sexual, o comprimento padrão (CP) tem sido usado para categorizar a idade e os atributos fisiológicos. No entanto, os parâmetros hematológicos e sua relação com a idade e características de crescimento são desconhecidos. O objetivo foi avaliar o perfil hematológico e leucocitário de espécimes juvenis e adultos, associando-o ao CP. Espécimes de ambos os sexos foram pesados e os CPs foram medidos para classificação em juvenis (CP ≤16,0 cm) e adultos (CP ≥16,1 cm). Foi coletado sangue para realização do hemograma, perfil e morfologia dos leucócitos. Em geral, os valores do hemograma e as contagens de leucócitos, linfócitos e monócitos foram maiores nos jovens. A contagem de trombócitos e neutrófilos foi maior em adultos do que em jovens. A análise ultraestrutural mostrou que a contagem de leucócitos granulares em P. nattereri foi semelhante a outros peixes. Os leucócitos granulares PAS-positivos são menores do que os neutrófilos, sendo caracterizados por formas alongadas e semilunares densas no citoplasma. Nossos resultados sugerem que CP é útil para a análise da relação entre o estado de saúde de P. nattereri em ambientes aquáticos alagados.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:13:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul This study evaluated the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological responses of sorubim Pseudoplatystoma spp., experimentally infected with Lactococcus garvieae. Sorubim juveniles (n = 66; 21.3 ± 5.5 g; 17.1 ± 1.3 cm) were infected with L. garvieae by coelmatic inoculation (1.5 × 108 CFU mL−1) and sampling to 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi) for evaluation of hematological, biochemical parameters. Histopathological data of the spleen and kidney were estimated according to the histological alteration index (HAIn). Additionally, a decrease of hematocrit (1, 3, and 14 dpi), hemoglobin, and count of erythrocytes (3, 14, and 21 dpi), blood glucose (3 dpi), and proteinemy (14 dpi) were observed. Monocytes decreased at 7, 14, and 21 dpi; neutrophils at 3, 7, and 21 dpi; and lymphocytes at 21 dpi. Edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrate, and necrosis were the major histological changes observed in the spleen and kidney. HAIn was higher at 7 to 14 dpi in the spleen. Edema, hyperemia, and hyperplasia with hypertrophy of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) associated with mild focal necrosis areas, particularly in white pulp, were observed. In the head kidney, it was observed that MMCs and melanomacrophages surrounded the capillaries and dispersed inside the sinusoidal capillaries network. Internalized bacteria by macrophages were commonly observed at 3 to 7 dpi. Tubular neogenesis characterized by nephrogenic bodies and rare MMCs at 21 dpi was observed. The experimental infection with L. garvieae caused significant hematological and biochemical responses. Pathological manifestations are closely related to the spleen and head kidneys mainly represented by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of melanomacrophage centers and mild necrosis areas. Departamento de Aquicultura Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC Laboratório de Patologia Experimental LAPEx Instituto de Biociências – INBIO Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia – FAMEZ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS Laboratório de Microbiologia e Parasitologia de Organismos Aquáticos Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia – FAMEZ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS Diagno Vet Laboratório Veterinário Diagno Vet Laboratório Veterinário Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul – UEMS Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana Laboratório de Microbiologia e Parasitologia de Organismos Aquáticos Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: 23/200.233/2014

Diflubenzuron (DFB) is a widely used insecticide to control ectoparasites in fish farming. Although therapeutic concentrations (i.e., 50 to 100 mg/L) are safe as they fail to induce mortality, they can promote tissue changes. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a native species used for commercial production, and it remains crucial to determine underlying mechanisms to mitigate the potential effects of pathogens on productivity. The aim of this study was to analyze the transaminase profile and histopathological changes in the liver of P. mesopotamicus exposed to a DFB bath. Hence, the fish were exposed to an immersion bath containing a 70 mg/L nominal concentration of Difluchem 240 SC® (24% (m/m) DFB) for 30 (n = 10), 60 (n = 10), and 120 min (n = 10), every 24 h for 3 days. Following exposure, plasma transaminases and liver histology were analyzed. In DFB-exposed fish, levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were elevated when compared with the control at 30 and 60 min. Furthermore, liver morphology was altered based on exposure times. Compared with controls, the degree of reversible damage (degree of tissue change (DTC)) demonstrated high scores for all exposure times, with no difference between individual groups. Irreversible changes were increased in the 60 and 120-min baths. These findings highlight the impact of the therapeutic DFB concentration (i.e., 70 mg/L), revealing that 60-min and 120-min bathing induces irreversible and progressive hepatic changes.

The size and shape of Red Blood Cells (RBC) can provide key information on life history strategies in vertebrates. However, little is known about how RBC shape evolved in response to environmental factors and the role of phylogenetic relationship. Here, we analyzed RBC morphometrics in a continental radiation of fishes testing the hypothesis that phylogenetic relationship determines species occupation of morphospace. We collected blood samples of five specimens of 15 freshwater fish species from six orders and used basic stereological methods to measure cell and nucleus area, perimeter, and diameter, cell and nucleus volume, nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, and shape factor of 50 cells per specimen. Then, we conducted a phylogenetic Principal Components Analysis using a dated phylogeny and built a phylomorphospace. To test if the phylogenetic relationship predicted the phenotypic similarity of species, we calculated multivariate phylogenetic signal. We also estimated the evolution rate of RBC shape for each node and tip using ridge regression. Finally, we tested if the position in the water column influenced RBC shape using a phylogenetic GLS. RBC shape seems to have evolved in a non-stationary way because the distribution pattern of species in the phylomorphospace is independent of the phylogeny. Accordingly, the rate of evolution for shape was highly heterogeneous, with an increase in the genusPygocentrus. Water column position does not influence RBC shape. In conclusion, RBC shape seem to have evolved in response to multiple selective pressures independent of life history characters.

This is a technique to extract blood and prepare blood films of fish to make stereological analysis of blood cells. This is a modification of Rosenfeld (1947) technique by Tavares-Dias and Moraes (2006) using common staining techniques and is called May-Grünwald-Giemsa-Wright. Rosenfeld, G. (1947) Corante pancrômico para hematologia e citologia clínica. Nova combinação dos componentes do May-Grünwald e do Giemsa num só corante de emprego rápido. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 20:329-334 Tavares-Dias, M., & de Moraes, F. R. (2006). Caracteristicas hematologicas da Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) capturada em "pesque-pague" de Franca, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Bioscience Journal, 19(1): 107-114.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dietas acrescidas de torta de pinhao-manso ( Jatropha curcas L.) no desempenho e metabolismo de ratos Wistar machos. Foram utilizados 24 ratos, machos albinos ( Rattus norvergicus ), em fase de crescimento e com peso medio inicial 109,38±6,16g. Os animais foram pesados e distribuidos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com doze animais, constituindo os tratamentos: controle – dieta padrao e dietas contendo 4,281%TPM. O consumo de alimento, ganho em peso e conversao alimentar dos ratos foi depreciado pela inclusao de farelo de pinhao-manso. Observa-se perda de massa do figado, mas que nao refletiu no indice hepatossomatico, no tecido hepatico diminuicao da fracao proteica concomitante com o aumento nos teores de aminoacidos livres e um discreto aumento na atividade das enzimas ALT e AST hepatica nos ratos alimentados com dietas acrescidas de farelo de pinhao-manso. Os valores de hemoglobinas e hematocritos encontravam-se dentro deste intervalo considerados adequados para roedores. Nao foram reportados diferencas no equilibrio eletrolitico e no metabolismo respiratorio. Conclui-se que a inclusao de torta de pinhao-manso na alimentacao de ratos afeta negativamente o desenvolvimento do crescimento e promove alteracoes deleterias hepaticas.

O ovo é um alimento com alto valor nutricional, contendo muitas proteínas, vitaminas e minerais, e com baixo custo o que estimula o consumo. Por ser um produto perecível é necessário armazená-lo corretamente para que este produto possa estar viável para o consumo por longo período. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos brancos e vermelhos armazenados em temperatura ambiente e sob de refrigeração durante 25 dias de armazenamento. Os ovos brancos e vermelhos armazenados em temperatura ambiente apresentam perda de viabilidade aos 15 dias de estocagem, já os ovos armazenados em geladeira apresentam perda de viabilidade com 25 dias de estocagem. A viabilidade dos ovos brancos armazenados em geladeira ajusta-se a uma equação quadrática. Estes dados revelam que esses ovos não apresentam qualidade para ser consumido. Os ovos vermelhos quando estocados em geladeira apresentam-se viáveis durante todo período analisado. Comparando os ovos brancos e vermelhos estocados a temperatura ambiente, observa-se que os ovos brancos adéquam-se a uma equação cúbica, com baixa viabilidade aos 15 dias. Conclui-se que o armazenamento deve ser realizado em geladeira independente da coloração da casca dos ovos.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físicas de filé de surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) pacu (Piaractus mesmopotamicus) e do pirarucu (Arapaimas gigas). Foram adquiridos 10 exemplares de surubim, pacu e postas de filé de pirarucu. Foram aferidos os parâmetros de rendimento de carcaça e as características físicas dos filés como a cor da carne, capacidade de retenção de água, força de cisalhamento e perda de líquido durante o cozimento. O rendimento de filé foi comprado entre as espécies surubim e pacu em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com dois tratamentos e 10 repetições. As características físicas do filé utilizou-se o DIC com três tratamentos com dez repetições, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O rendimento de filé do surubim foi superior ao do pacu. As perdas de água após o descongelamento foram mais pronunciadas no pirarucu em comparação ao surubim. A capacidade de retenção de água das amostras de pirarucu foi significativamente superior as do surubim. O pH do filé de surubim foi de 6,18±0,08 e do filé de pirarucu de 6,27±0,15 e não apresentaram diferenças significativas. A coloração do filé do surubim e do pirarucu são muito semelhantes devido à qualidade da alimentação fornecida durante a produção em cativeiro dessas espécies de peixe. Os filés das espécies de peixe do estudo apresentam características de carne suculenta, macia e de coloração clara. Destaca-se a necessidade de realização de futuros testes de aceitabilidade e de processamento desta carne para estimular o consumo.