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The SKA Observatory, currently in the construction phase, will have two of the world's largest radio telescopes when completed in 2028. The scale of the project introduces unique challenges for the telescope software design and implementation at all levels, from user interfacing software down to the lower-level control of individual telescope elements. The Observation Execution Tool (OET) is part of the Observation Science Operations (OSO) suite of applications and is responsible for orchestrating the highest level of telescope control through the execution of telescope control scripts. One of the main challenges for the OET is creating a design that can robustly run concurrent observations on multiple subarrays while remaining responsive to the user. The Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) development process followed by the SKA project also means the software should be allow to iterative implementation and easily accommodate new and changing requirements. This paper concentrates on the design decisions and challenges in the development of the OET, how we have solved some of the specific technical problems and details on how we remain flexible for future requirements., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to 2024 SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy VIII conference

The Observatory Science Operations (OSO) subsystem of the SKAO consists of a range of complex tools which will be used to propose, design, schedule and execute observations. Bridging the gap between the science and telescope domains is the key responsibility of OSO, requiring considerations of usability, performance, availability and accessibility, amongst others. This paper describes the state of the observatory software as we approach construction milestones, how the applications meet these requirements using a modern technology architecture, and challenges so far.

The upper critical field of multi-band superconductors can be an essential quantity to unravel the nature of superconducting pairing and its interplay with the electronic structure. Here we experimentally map out the complete upper critical field phase diagram of FeSe for different magnetic field orientations at temperatures down to 0.3 K using both resistivity and torque measurements. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field reflects that of a multi-band superconductor and requires a two-band description in the clean limit with band coupling parameters favouring interband over intraband interactions. Despite the relatively small Maki parameter in FeSe of $\alpha \sim 1.6$, the multi-band description of the upper critical field is consistent with the stabilization of a FFLO state below $T/T_{\rm c}\sim 0.3$. We find that the anomalous behaviour of the upper critical field is linked to a departure from the single-band picture, and FeSe provides a clear example where multi-band effects and the strong anisotropy of the superconducting gap need to be taken into account., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures (manuscript and the supplemental materials

Magnetosonic waves are low-frequency, linearly polarized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves commonly found in space, responsible for many well-known features, such as heating of the solar corona. In this work, we report observations of interesting wave signatures driven by injecting compact toroid (CT) plasmas into a static Helmholtz magnetic field at the Big Red Ball (BRB) Facility at Wisconsin Plasma Physics Laboratory (WiPPL). By comparing the experimental results with the MHD theory, we identify that these waves are the fast magnetosonic modes propagating perpendicular to the background magnetic field. Additionally, we further investigate how the background field, preapplied poloidal magnetic flux in the CT injector, and the coarse grid placed in the chamber affect the characteristics of the waves. Since this experiment is part of an ongoing effort of creating a target plasma with tangled magnetic fields as a novel fusion fuel for magneto-inertial fusion (MIF), our current results could shed light on future possible paths of forming such a target for MIF.

Superconductivity often emerges as a dome around a quantum critical point (QCP) where long-range order is suppressed to zero temperature. So far, this has been mostly studied in magnetically ordered materials. By contrast, the interplay between charge order and superconductivity at a QCP is not fully understood. Here, we present resistance measurements proving that a dome of superconductivity surrounds the charge-density-wave (CDW) QCP in pristine samples of 1$T$-TiSe$_2$ tuned with hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, we use quantum oscillation measurements to show that the superconductivity sets in at a Lifshitz transition in the electronic band structure. We use density functional theory to identify the Fermi pockets enabling superconductivity: large electron and hole pockets connected by the CDW wave vector $\vec{Q}$ which emerge upon partial suppression of the zero-pressure CDW gap. Hence, we conclude that superconductivity is of interband type enabled by the presence of hole and electron bands connected by the CDW $\vec{Q}$ vector. Earlier calculations show that interband interactions are repulsive, which suggests that unconventional s$_{\pm}$ superconductivity is realised in TiSe$_2$ - similar to the iron pnictides. These results highlight the importance of Lifshitz transitions in realising unconventional superconductivity and help understand its interaction with CDW order in numerous materials., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures

The motivation to develop materials for quantum technologies has put exploration of novel quantum states of matter at the focus of several research fields, with particular efforts towards understanding and controlling the behaviour of quantum entangled and other strongly interacting electronic states. Experimental investigation is of primary importance, but requires measurements at ultra-low temperatures where the quantum states of interest have long lifetimes. Under these conditions, low energy interactions, such as hyperfine or nuclear exchange interactions, become relevant, and can modify electronic ground states and their associated excitations in multiple ways that are not well understood or characterised. In this work, we use a recently developed magnetic susceptibility technique, compatible with ultra-low temperatures and high magnetic fields, to probe the influence of nuclear interactions on superconducting and multipole ordered ground states in the strongly correlated electron system PrOs4Sb12. We find that the multipole order develops a novel, entangled nuclear-electronic character at the lowest temperatures, which significantly modifies the phase boundary and leads to a nuclear quantum critical point. In the superconducting phase, we find that hyperfine interactions suppress superconductivity in a manner that provides evidence for superconducting pairing mediated by crystal field excitations. Our results on PrOs4Sb12 experimentally establish a new type of non-magnetic, nuclear quantum critical point, and give revealing insight into a highly unusual superconducting state. They also demonstrate more generally the feasibility of exploiting hyperfine interactions as a tuning parameter for experimental creation and investigation of a variety of quantum states and phenomena in correlated electron materials.

We performed de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) experiments in the spin-triplet superconductor UTe2 for magnetic field along the c-axis above 15T. Three fundamental dHvA frequencies, named alpha1, alpha2 and beta corresponding to the cross sections of cylindrical Fermi surfaces (FSs) with large cyclotron effective masses (33-43 m0) were detected. No other fundamental dHvA frequencies were detected at high frequency range, suggesting a cylindrical-shaped electron FS without connecting at the Z point of the Brillouin zone. However, the existence of small pocket FSs associated with extremely heavy masses cannot be fully excluded., Comment: accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. as "short notes", 3 pages, 2 figures

Lifshitz transitions are being increasingly recognised as significant in a wide variety of strongly correlated and topological materials, and understanding the origin and influence of Lifshitz transitions is leading to deeper understanding of key aspects of magnetic, transport or quantum critical behavior. In the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe, a magnetic field applied along the c-axis has been shown to induce a series of anomalies in both transport and thermopower that may be caused by Lifshitz transitions. The need to understand the subtleties of the relationship between magnetism, superconductivity and a heavy electron Fermi surface in the ferromagnetic superconductors makes it important to explore if and why a series of magnetic-field-induced Lifshitz transitions occurs in UCoGe. Here we report magnetic susceptibility measurements of UCoGe, performed at temperatures down to 45 mK and magnetic fields (B ||c) up to 30 T. We observe a series of clearly-defined features in the susceptibility, and multiple sets of strongly field-dependent de Haas-van Alphen oscillations, from which we extract detailed field-dependence of the quasiparticle properties. We complement our experimental results with density functional theory bandstructure calculations, and include a simple model of the influence of magnetic field on the calculated Fermi surface. By comparing experimental and calculated results, we determine the likely shape of the Fermi surface and identify candidate Lifshitz transitions that could correspond to two of the features in susceptibility. We connect these results to the development of magnetization in the system., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, plus Supplementary Information

A tipping point can be defined as an abrupt shift in the properties or behaviour of a system. Tipping points in complex systems from a wide variety of scientific disciplines have been compared to phase transitions in physics, but consistent methodology for modelling tipping points as phase transitions has been lacking. Here, we propose a systematic approach aimed at order parameter identification in systems outside of physics undergoing an apparent regime shift. Based on classical Landau theory, we assess the relatedness of a system's properties to the order parameter by means of two quantitatively operationalized criteria: (1) the presence of a significant level shift over the course of the tipping point and (2) increased fluctuations before the tipping point. We first demonstrate the feasibility of our method by applying it to a case study of a tipping point in major depressive disorder, resulting in a list of symptoms that are most likely to be closely related to the order parameter in this particular system. Subsequently, we probe the usefulness of our approach in the interdisciplinary context of complexity science by means of exploratory interviews with active scientists. Our results suggest a growing need for interdisciplinary methodologies in complex systems studies, to which the phase transition modelling we present could provide a valuable addition., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 6 files with supporting information

We investigate the high-pressure phase of the iron-based superconductor FeSe$_{0.89}$S$_{0.11}$ using transport and tunnel diode oscillator studies. We construct detailed pressure-temperature phase diagrams that indicate that outside of the nematic phase, the superconducting critical temperature reaches a minimum before it is quickly enhanced towards 40 K above 4 GPa. The resistivity data reveal signatures of a fan-like structure of non-Fermi liquid behaviour which could indicate the existence of a putative quantum critical point buried underneath the superconducting dome around 4.3 GPa. Further increasing the pressure, the zero-field electrical resistivity develops a non-metallic temperature dependence and the superconducting transition broadens significantly. Eventually, the system fails to reach a fully zero-resistance state despite a continuous finite superconducting transition temperature, and any remaining resistance at low temperatures becomes strongly current-dependent. Our results suggest that the high-pressure, high-$T_c$ phase of iron chalcogenides is very fragile and sensitive to uniaxial effects of the pressure medium, cell design and sample thickness which can trigger a first-order transition. These high-pressure regions could be understood assuming a real-space phase separation caused by concomitant electronic and structural instabilities., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

The magnetotransport behaviour inside the nematic phase of bulk FeSe reveals unusual multiband effects that cannot be reconciled with a simple two-band approximation proposed by surface-sensitive spectroscopic probes. In order to understand the role played by the multiband electronic structure and the degree of two-dimensionality we have investigated the electronic properties of exfoliated flakes of FeSe by reducing their thickness. Based on magnetotransport and Hall resistivity measurements, we assess the mobility spectrum that suggests an unusual asymmetry between the mobilities of the electrons and holes with the electron carriers becoming localized inside the nematic phase. Quantum oscillations in magnetic fields up to 38 T indicate the presence of a hole-like quasiparticle with a lighter effective mass and a quantum scattering time three times shorter, as compared with bulk FeSe. The observed localization of negative charge carriers by reducing dimensionality can be driven by orbitally-dependent correlation effects, enhanced interband spin-fluctuations or a Lifshitz-like transition which affect mainly the electron bands. The electronic localization leads to a fragile two-dimensional superconductivity in thin flakes of FeSe, in contrast to the two-dimensional high-Tc induced with electron doping via dosing or using a suitable interface., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has embarked on an ambitious five-year survey to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopy of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to z > 3.5, as well as measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. In this paper we describe the significant instrumentation we developed for the DESI survey. The new instrumentation includes a wide-field, 3.2-deg diameter prime-focus corrector that focuses the light onto 5020 robotic fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface. The positioners and their fibers are divided among ten wedge-shaped petals. Each petal is connected to one of ten spectrographs via a contiguous, high-efficiency, nearly 50 m fiber cable bundle. The ten spectrographs each use a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360 - 980 nm with a resolution of 2000 to 5000. We describe the science requirements, technical requirements on the instrumentation, and management of the project. DESI was installed at the 4-m Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, and we also describe the facility upgrades to prepare for DESI and the installation and functional verification process. DESI has achieved all of its performance goals, and the DESI survey began in May 2021. Some performance highlights include RMS positioner accuracy better than 0.1", SNR per \sqrt{\AA} > 0.5 for a z > 2 quasar with flux 0.28e-17 erg/s/cm^2/A at 380 nm in 4000s, and median SNR = 7 of the [OII] doublet at 8e-17 erg/s/cm^2 in a 1000s exposure for emission line galaxies at z = 1.4 - 1.6. We conclude with highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning of the instrument, key successes, and lessons learned. (abridged), Comment: 78 pages, 32 figures, submitted to AJ

Novel x-ray detection technology enabled the first profile measurements of the birth and growth dynamics of runaway electrons (REs) at the edge of tokamaks during quiescent RE studies at the Madison Symmetric Torus. The formation of an off-axis RE seed with linear growth rates has been resolved for low energies, a hollow streaming parameter and large electric fields ($E_{\parallel}/E_{D}$) in agreement with theory and simulations. Secondary exponential growth rates have also been spatially resolved for the first time and are consistent with a convective transport of the order of the Ware pinch and energies up to $10^3\times T_{e,0}$. Numerical simulations are shown to reproduce the experimental observations including the off-axis runaway electron generation, radial transport and exponential growth at the core, as well as suppression due to $m=3$ resonant magnetic perturbations., Comment: 7 figures, 5 pages

Non-magnetic impurities in iron-based superconductors can provide an important tool to understand the pair symmetry and they can influence significantly the transport and the superconducting behaviour. Here, we present a study of the role of strong impurity potential in the Fe plane, induced by Cu substitution, on the electronic and superconducting properties of single crystals of FeSe. The addition of Cu quickly suppresses both the nematic and superconducting states, and increases the residual resistivity due to enhanced impurity scattering. Using magnetotransport data up to 35 T for a small amount of Cu impurity, we detect a significant reduction in the mobility of the charge carriers by a factor of ~3. While the electronic conduction is strongly disrupted by Cu substitution, we identify additional signatures of anisotropic scattering which manifest in linear resistivity at low temperatures and $H^{1.6}$ dependence of magnetoresistance. The suppression of superconductivity by Cu substitution is consistent with a sign-changing $s_{\pm}$ order parameter. Additionally, in the presence of compressive strain, the superconductivity is enhanced, similar to FeSe., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Physcial Review B (2022)

Metal-insulator transitions in clean, crystalline solids can be driven by two distinct mechanisms. In a conventional insulator, the charge carrier concentration vanishes, when an energy gap separates filled and unfilled electronic states. In the established picture of a Mott insulator, by contrast, electronic interactions cause coherent charge carriers to slow down and eventually stop in electronic grid-lock without materially affecting the carrier concentration itself. This description has so far escaped experimental verification by quantum oscillation measurements, which directly probe the velocity distribution of the coherent charge carriers. By extending this technique to high pressure we were able to examine the evolution of carrier concentration and velocity in the strongly correlated metallic state of the clean, crystalline material NiS$_2$, while tuning the system towards the Mott insulating phase. Our results confirm that pronounced electronic slowing down indeed governs the approach to the insulating state. However, the critical point itself, at which the carrier velocity would reach zero and the effective carrier mass diverge, is concealed by the insulating sector of the phase diagram. In the resulting, more nuanced view of Mott localisation, the inaccessibility of the low temperature Mott critical point resembles that of the threshold of magnetic order in clean metallic systems, where criticality is almost universally interrupted by first order transitions, tricritical behaviour or novel emergent phases such as unconventional superconductivity., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Quantum oscillation measurements in the new unconventional superconductor YFe$_2$Ge$_2$ resolve all four Fermi surface pockets expected from band structure calculations, which predict an electron pocket in the Brillouin zone corner and three hole pockets enveloping the centers of the top and bottom of the Brillouin zone. The carrier masses are uniformly renormalized by about a factor of five and broadly account for the enhanced heat capacity Sommerfeld coefficient $\simeq 100$ mJ/molK$^2$. Our data highlight the key role of the electron pocket, which despite its small volume accounts for about half the total density of states, and point towards a predominantly local mechanism underlying the mass renormalization in YFe$_2$Ge$_2$., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

We present a comprehensive ultrasound study of the prototypical heavy-fermion material CeRhIn$_5$, examining the origin of the enigmatic 30 T transition. For a field applied at 2$^\circ$ from the $c$ axis, we observed two sharp anomalies in the sound velocity, at $B_m \approx$ 20 T and $B^* \approx$ 30 T, in all the symmetry-breaking ultrasound modes at low temperatures. The lower-field anomaly corresponds to the well-known first-order metamagnetic incommensurate-to-commensurate transition. The higher-field anomaly takes place at 30 T, where an electronic-nematic transition was previously suggested to occur. Both anomalies, observed only within the antiferromagnetic state, are of similar shape, but the corresponding changes of the ultrasound velocity have opposite signs. Based on our experimental results, we suggest that a field-induced magnetic transition from a commensurate to another incommensurate antiferromagnetic state occurs at $B^*$. With further increasing the field angle from the $c$ axis, the anomaly at $B^*$ slowly shifts to higher fields, broadens, and becomes smaller in magnitude. Traced up to 30$^\circ$ from the $c$ axis, it is no longer observed at 40$^\circ$ below 36 T., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. To be published in Phys. Bev. B

We report a study of quantum oscillations (QO) in the magnetic torque of the nodal-line Dirac semimetal ZrSiS in the magnetic fields up to 35 T and the temperature range from 40 K down to 2 K, enabling high resolution mapping of the Fermi surface (FS) topology in the $k_z=\pi$ (Z-R-A) plane of the first Brillouin zone (FBZ). It is found that the oscillatory part of the measured magnetic torque signal consists of low frequency (LF) contributions (frequencies up to 1000 T) and high frequency (HF) contributions (several clusters of frequencies from 7-22 kT). Increased resolution and angle-resolved measurements allow us to show that the high oscillation frequencies originate from magnetic breakdown (MB) orbits involving clusters of individual $\alpha$ hole and $\beta$ electron pockets from the diamond shaped FS in the Z-R-A plane. Analyzing the HF oscillations we have unequivocally shown that the QO frequency from the dog-bone shaped Fermi pocket ($\beta$ pocket) amounts $\beta=591(15)$ T. Our findings suggest that most of the frequencies in the LF part of QO can also be explained by MB orbits when intraband tunneling in the dog-bone shaped $\beta$ electron pocket is taken into account. Our results give a new understanding of the novel properties of the FS of the nodal-line Dirac semimetal ZrSiS and sister compounds.

We report a comprehensive de Haas--van Alphen (dHvA) study of the heavy-fermion material CeRhIn$_5$ in magnetic fields up to 70~T. Several dHvA frequencies gradually emerge at high fields as a result of magnetic breakdown. Among them is the thermodynamically important $\beta_1$ branch, which has not been observed so far. Comparison of our angule-dependent dHvA spectra with those of the non-$4f$ compound LaRhIn$_5$ and with band-structure calculations evidences that the Ce $4f$ electrons in CeRhIn$_5$ remain localized over the whole field range. This rules out any significant Fermi-surface reconstruction, either at the suggested nematic phase transition at $B^{*}\approx$ 30~T or at the putative quantum critical point at $B_c \simeq$ 50~T. Our results rather demonstrate the robustness of the Fermi surface and the localized nature of the 4$f$ electrons inside and outside of the antiferromagnetic phase., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures + Supplemental Material (5 pages, 10 figures)

We present experimental data providing evidence for the formation of transient ($\sim 20~\mu$s) plasmas that are simultaneously weakly magnetized (i.e., Hall magnetization parameter $\omega \tau > 1$) and dominated by thermal pressure (i.e., ratio of thermal-to-magnetic pressure $\beta > 1$). Particle collisional mean free paths are an appreciable fraction of the overall system size. These plasmas are formed via the head-on merging of two plasmas launched by magnetized coaxial guns. The ratio $\lambda_{gun}=\mu_0 I_{gun}/\psi_{gun}$ of gun current $I_{gun}$ to applied magnetic flux $\psi_{gun}$ is an experimental knob for exploring the parameter space of $\beta$ and $\omega \tau$. These experiments were conducted on the Big Red Ball at the Wisconsin Plasma Physics Laboratory. The transient formation of such plasmas can potentially open up new regimes for the laboratory study of weakly collisional, magnetized, high-$\beta$ plasma physics; processes relevant to astrophysical objects and phenomena; and novel magnetized plasma targets for magneto-inertial fusion.

Programmable control of the inductive electric field enables advanced operations of reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) device and further develops the technical basis for ohmically heated fusion RFP plasmas. MST's poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields ($B_\text{p}$ and $B_\text{t}$) can be sourced by programmable power supplies (PPSs) based on integrated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). In order to provide real-time simultaneous control of both $B_\text{p}$ and $B_\text{t}$ circuits, a time-independent integrated model is developed. The actuators considered for the control are the $B_\text{p}$ and $B_\text{t}$ primary currents produced by the PPSs. The control system goal will be tracking two particular demand quantities that can be measured at the plasma surface ($r=a$): the plasma current, $I_\text{p} \sim B_\text{p}(a)$, and the RFP reversal parameter, $F\sim B_\text{t}(a)/\Phi$, where $\Phi$ is the toroidal flux in the plasma. The edge safety factor, $q(a)\propto B_t(a)$, tends to track $F$ but not identically. To understand the responses of $I_\text{p}$ and $F$ to the actuators and to enable systematic design of control algorithms, dedicated experiments are run in which the actuators are modulated, and a linearized dynamic data-driven model is generated using a system identification method. We perform a series of initial real-time experiments to test the designed feedback controllers and validate the derived model predictions. The feedback controllers show systematic improvements over simpler feedforward controllers.

We report the magnetic structure of nominally 10% Cd-doped CeIrIn$_5$, CeIr(In$_{0.9}$Cd$_{0.1}$)$_5$, determined by elastic neutron scattering. Magnetic intensity was observed only at the ordering wave vector $Q_{AF} = (1/2,1/2,1/2)$, commensurate with the crystal lattice. A staggered moment of 0.47(3)$\mu_B$ at 1.8 K resides on the Ce ion. The magnetic moments are found to be aligned along the crystallographic $c$ axis. This is further confirmed by magnetic susceptibility data, which suggest the $c$ axis to be the easy magnetic axis. The determined magnetic structure is strikingly different from the incommensurate antiferromagnetic ordering of the closely related compound CeRhIn$_5$, in which the magnetic moments are antiferromagnetically aligned within the tetragonal basal plane., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B

Nodal semimetals are a unique platform to explore topological signatures of the unusual band structure that can manifest by accumulating a nontrivial phase in quantum oscillations. Here we report a study of the de Haasvan Alphen oscillations of the candidate topological nodal line semimetal CaAgAs using torque measurements in magnetic fields up to 45 T. Our results are compared with calculations for a toroidal Fermi surface originating from the nodal ring. We find evidence of a nontrivial Berry phase shift only in one of the oscillatory frequencies. We interpret this as a Berry phase arising from the semi-classical electronic Landau orbit which links with the nodal ring when the magnetic field lies in the mirror (ab) plane. Furthermore, additional Berry phase accumulates while rotating the magnetic field for the second orbit in the same orientation which does not link with the nodal ring. These effects are expected in CaAgAs due to the lack of inversion symmetry. Our study experimentally demonstrates that CaAgAs is an ideal platform for exploring the physics of nodal line semimetals and our approach can be extended to other materials in which trivial and nontrivial oscillations are present., Comment: accepted Physical Review Research; 12 pages, 10 figures including supplemental materials

FeSe is a unique superconductor that can be manipulated to enhance its superconductivity using different routes while its monolayer form grown on different substrates reaches a record high temperature for a two-dimensional system. In order to understand the role played by the substrate and the reduced dimensionality on superconductivity, we examine the superconducting properties of exfoliated FeSe thin flakes by reducing the thickness from bulk down towards 9 nm. Magnetotransport measurements performed in magnetic fields up to 16T and temperatures down to 2K help to build up complete superconducting phase diagrams of different thickness flakes. While the thick flakes resemble the bulk behaviour, by reducing the thickness the superconductivity of FeSe flakes is suppressed. In the thin limit we detect signatures of a crossover towards two-dimensional behaviour from the observation of the vortex-antivortex unbinding transition and strongly enhanced anisotropy. Our study provides detailed insights into the evolution of the superconducting properties from three-dimensional bulk behaviour towards the two-dimensional limit of FeSe in the absence of a dopant substrate., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures

The phase diagram of the filled skutterudite CeOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$ has been mapped in fields $H$ of up to 60 T and temperatures $T$ down to 0.5 K using resistivity, magnetostriction, and MHz conductivity. The valence transition separating the semimetallic, low-$H$, low-$T$, $\cal{L}$ phase from the metallic high-$H$, high-$T$ $\cal{H}$ phase exhibits a very unusual, wedge-shaped phase boundary, with a non-monotonic gradient alternating between positive and negative. This is quite different from the text-book "elliptical" phase boundary usually followed by valence transitions. Analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations within the $\cal{H}$ phase reveals an effective mass that increases as $H$ drops toward the $\cal{H-L}$ phase boundary, suggesting proximity to a quantum-critical point. The associated magnetic fluctuations may be responsible for the anomalous $H,T$ dependence of the valence transition at high $H$, whereas the low$-H$, high$-T$ portion of the phase boundary may rather be associated with the proximity of CeOs$_4$Sb$_{12}$ to a topological semimetal phase induced by uniaxial stress., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures and Supplementary Information of 4 pages, 2 figures

Combining strong electron correlations [1-4] and nontrivial electronic topology [5] holds great promise for discovery. So far, this regime has been rarely accessed and systematic studies are much needed to advance the field. Here we demonstrate the control of topology in a heavy fermion system. We use magnetic field to manipulate Weyl nodes in a Weyl-Kondo semimetal [6-8], up to the point where they annihilate in a topological quantum phase transition. The suppression of the topological characteristics occurs in an intact and only weakly varying strongly correlated "background". Thus, topology is changing per se and not as a consequence of a change of the correlation state, for instance across a magnetic, electronic or structural phase transition. Our demonstration of genuine topology tuning in a strongly correlated electron system sets the stage for establishing global phase diagrams of topology, an approach that has proven highly valuable to explore and understand topologically trivial strongly correlated electron systems [1-4]. Our work also lays the ground for technological exploitations of controlled electronic topology., Comment: 4 figures, 17 pages

Understanding superconductivity requires detailed knowledge of the normal electronic state from which it emerges. A nematic electronic state that breaks the rotational symmetry of the lattice can potentially promote unique scattering relevant for superconductivity. Here, we investigate the normal transport of superconducting FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$ across a nematic phase transition using high magnetic fields up to 69 T to establish the temperature and field-dependencies. We find that the nematic state is an anomalous non-Fermi liquid, dominated by a linear resistivity at low temperatures that can transform into a Fermi liquid, depending on the composition $x$ and the impurity level. Near the nematic end point, we find an extended temperature regime with $T^{1.5}$ resistivity. The transverse magnetoresistance inside the nematic phase has as a $H^{1.55}$ dependence over a large magnetic field range and it displays an unusual peak at low temperatures inside the nematic phase. Our study reveals anomalous transport inside the nematic phase, driven by the subtle interplay between the changes in the electronic structure of a multi-band system and the unusual scattering processes affected by large magnetic fields and disorder, Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures

Weyl semimetals exhibit exceptional quantum electronic transport due to the presence of topologically-protected band crossings called Weyl nodes. The nodes come in pairs with opposite chirality, but their number and location in momentum space is otherwise material specific. Following the initial discoveries there is now a need for better material realizations, ideally comprising a single pair of Weyl nodes located at or very close to the Fermi level and in an energy window free from other overlapping bands. Here we propose the layered intermetallic EuCd$_2$As$_2$ to be such a system. We show that Weyl nodes in EuCd$_2$As$_2$ are magnetically-induced via exchange coupling, emerging when the Eu spins are aligned by a small external magnetic field. The identification of EuCd$_2$As$_2$ as a model magnetic Weyl semimetal, evidenced here by ab initio calculations, photoemission spectroscopy, quantum oscillations and anomalous Hall transport measurements, opens the door to fundamental tests of Weyl physics.