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Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is one of the leading causes of adverse infant outcomes. Black women are disproportionately affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and it associated adverse outcomes. Adequate prenatal care may improve adverse infant outcomes. However, the evidence on adequate prenatal care improving birth outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy especially for Blacks is limited. This study examined the role of adequate prenatal care and race/ethnicity as moderators of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on infant outcomes. Methods The sample was obtained from the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Surveillance dataset from North Carolina. We compared adequate prenatal care among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 610) to women without(n = 2,827), and women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with adequate prenatal care to women hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with inadequate prenatal care. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 14.1%. Adequate prenatal care was associated with better infant outcomes for low birth weight (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.58, 0.90) and preterm birth (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.82). Although these effects were not moderated by Black race/ethnicity, Black women independently also had worse outcomes for preterm birth (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.28) and low birth weight (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.29). Conclusions Moderation of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy effects on infant outcomes by prenatal care and race/ethnicity was not found. Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who received inadequate prenatal care experienced worse adverse birth outcomes compared to women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Strategies to improve prenatal care, particularly among underserved populations at risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, need to be a public health priority., Author(s): Forgive Avorgbedor [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.4] , Thomas P. McCoy [sup.4] , Susan Silva [sup.1] , James A. Blumenthal [sup.2] , Elizabeth Merwin [sup.1] , Seonae Yeo [sup.3] , Diane [...]

The goal of this paper is to discuss practical recommendations for collecting data with hard to reach populations and data comparability. We also discuss the importance of piloting and community involvement in the process using an example from the Tribal Prevention Initiative (TiPI), a culturally-based substance abuse prevention program for American Indian youth from six tribes in Montana and Wyoming. We piloted a survey based on standardized Youth Risk Factor Behavioral Surveillance Survey questions (YRBSS) in tribal communities to document substance use and norms. The revised TiPI survey resulted in a 16-question survey (N=711). We compared TiPI data with the YRBSS data from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics (frequency (n) and percent (%) or mean (M) and standard deviation (SD)) were used to analyze data. Results indicate that substance use is generally lower among TiPI youth than YRBS youth in reservation and urban locations with the exception of middle school marijuana use and urban binge drinking. To improve public health and document progress toward healthy future generations, communities must be aware of the unique challenges of using national surveys like the YRBSS as comparison data, and the strengths of primary data collection driven by program needs.

Background: The North Carolina Community Research Partnership developed, implemented, and tested "weCare," a 12-month bilingual mHealth social media intervention designed to reduce missed HIV care appointments and increase viral suppression among racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women living with HIV by harnessing established social media platforms (i.e., Facebook, texting, and dating apps). Methods: We randomized 198 GBMSM and transgender women (mean age = 26) living with HIV to the "weCare" intervention (n = 100) or usual-care (n = 98) group. Inclusion criteria included being newly diagnosed or not in care. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month postintervention follow-up (18 months after baseline data collection). HIV care appointment and viral load data were abstracted from each participant's electronic health record at baseline and follow-up. Follow-up retention was 85.5%. Results: Among participants, 94% self-identified as cisgender men, 6% as transgender, 64% as African American/Black, and 13% as Latine. Participants in both groups significantly reduced missed HIV care appointments and increased viral suppression at follow-up compared with baseline. However, there were no significant differences between weCare and usual-care participants for either outcome at follow-up. Conclusions: An intervention effect was not identified for our two primary outcomes. Several factors may have influenced the lack of significant differences between "weCare" and usual-care participants at follow-up, including intervention implementation (e.g., staffing changes and lack of fidelity to the intervention as originally designed by the partnership), data collection (e.g., data collection time points and retention strategies), and clinical (e.g., contamination) factors.

Musculoskeletal injury prevention for nurses is aimed at removing the need to manually position patients. In the ED, this is not always possible or practical. The purpose of this study is to compare the calculated estimated compressive force on the lumbar spine between recommended lifting techniques and the SHAPE lifting method during the horizontal transfer of a patient. Twenty-one student nurses completed the horizontal transfer of a simulated patient while motion was collected using inertial measurement units. Motion data were analyzed to calculate an estimated compressive force on the lumbar spine while completing the movement based on current recommended lifting methods and while using the SHAPE lifting method. A significant reduction in estimated peak and average compressive force at the lumbar spine was found during both the push and the pull portions (P <.001) of the horizontal transfer. While the optimal way to limit musculoskeletal injury among nurses is to eliminate the need for manual handling of a patient, this is not always possible in the ED. It is critical that when emergency nurses must reposition a patient, they perform the movement in the most biomechanically sound method while using a friction reduction. These findings, coupled with the previous biomechanical risk factor reduction related to the SHAPE lifting intervention, gives promise to a safer lifting strategy for emergency nurses moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syntactic rules in natural language typically need to make ref-erence to hierarchical sentence structure. However, the simpleexamples that language learners receive are often equally com-patible with linear rules. Children consistently ignore theselinear explanations and settle instead on the correct hierarchi-cal one. This fact has motivated the proposal that the learner’shypothesis space is constrained to include only hierarchicalrules. We examine this proposal using recurrent neural net-works (RNNs), which are not constrained in such a way. Wesimulate the acquisition of question formation, a hierarchicaltransformation, in a fragment of English. We find that someRNN architectures tend to learn the hierarchical rule, suggest-ing that hierarchical cues within the language, combined withthe implicit architectural biases inherent in certain RNNs, maybe sufficient to induce hierarchical generalizations. The like-lihood of acquiring the hierarchical generalization increasedwhen the language included an additional cue to hierarchy inthe form of subject-verb agreement, underscoring the role ofcues to hierarchy in the learner’s input.