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Fungal infections have been increasing in recent years due to a growing number of high-risk patients, particularly immunocompromised hosts. Currently, medicinal plants are known for their properties due to their essential oils and phenolic compounds. They have been empirically used as antimicrobial agents. So the composition of the phenolic extracts and essential oils of Myrtus communis and Zygophyllum album and their antifungal activity onCandida albicans,Aspergillus fumigatus fungal strains were studied. In this fact, essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS, for the phenolic extracts, several extraction methods with a preliminary phytochemical study were applied.The oils showed high contents of α-pinene and cineol for M. communis and verbenone and caryophyllene for the Z. album. The MIC and minimal lethal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus strains. Results showed that M. communis and Z. album essential oil and phenolic extracts exhibited a significant activity against clinically relevant fungi, a significant antifungal activity of the two extracts studied (MCA and ZAM) was observed on C. albicans of these, two extracts, MCA was found to be most active with an MFC value of 25 mg/ml versus 100 mg/ml for ZAM. Nevertheless, the essential oils exhibited stronger antifungal activity than the phenolic extracts. The present study indicates thatthe two medicinal plants have considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.

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A soil treatment process using froth flotation technique involving anionic biosurfactant (rhamnolipids) using Sodium sulfide was studied. The supernatant produced by the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7PS5 was tested for biosurfactants production, HPLC analysis showed the presence of L-rhamnosyl- β- hydroxydecanoyl- β-hydroxydecanoate (RL1) and L-rhamnosyl L-rhamnosyl- β-hydroxydecanoyl-β- hydroxydecanoate (RL2). The influence of the collector (rhamnolipid), pulp pH, a chemical activation step (sulfidization) and process time on metal removal efficiency has been investigated to recover Zn and Cd ions from a contaminated soil. An effective CMC of 35 mg/L was obtained. A perfect Zn and Cd removal efficiency was made at pH = 12 and 4 mg/g of Na2S during the first 5 min of soil washing process, then a longer flotation time ( > 5 min) caused mechanical entrainment of Zn and Cd.Keywords: Biosurfactants, flotation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rhamnolipids, soil washing

Algerian aride zone is rich with medicinal plant, Salsola vermiculata is one of the mosttraditional plant remedies in Bechar region. in this work, we tried to test the inhibitory effect on eight storage soft wheat fungi of various extracts of Salsola vermiculata in vitro and vivo by using grain storage by the coating method. The phytochemical screening of plants showed the detection of tannins, saponisides and flavonoids. The results show a remarkable antifungal effect by most of the extracts tested. The decrease in the level of fungi observed in wheat samples demonstrates the effectiveness of grain storage by the coating method.Keywords: Salsola vermiculata; Antifungal activity; Coating method; Fungi; soft wheat;Storage.

Due to rapid growth of the food processing industry and the consumption of processed foods, the demand for natural antimicrobial agents is on the rise. Consumers have become more aware about the health effects of the synthetic preservatives used in food. Hence natural preservatives are developed to meet the demand of consumers. These natural antimicrobials are developed either from plants or their parts, animals or even microorganisms. Even the waste generated from the food industries is being considered as an alternative to produce natural antimicrobials. The aim of the present study was to utilize the waste generated from the citrus fruit processing (peel) industry. This study was to utilize the powder from the peel of Citrus sinensis in food (Oil of olive and cream dessert) to preserve their quality, this peel can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity so food preservation ppurpose.Keywords: Citrus sinensis peel, powder, food, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity

The aerial parts of Zygophyllum album L. are used in folk medicine as an anti-diabetic agent and as a drug active against several pathologies. In this work we present the chemical composition of Algerian phenolic extracts obtained by different solvents and extraction methods The phytochemical study was based on a colometer method, Phenolic compound content and LC/ESI-MS analyses The methanolic extract of zygophyllum album was at least the best extract studied for its quantitative and qualitative richness in phenolic compounds All Z.album extracts and specially the methanolic one are a promising source of health products for functional food or nutraceutical industries.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide accounting for 7.4 million deaths. Cancer has become a major public health concern in Algeria. The aim of the present study was to estimate cancer incidence in Mascara Province based on the population-based cancer registry. We analyzed data from the cancer registry of Mascara covering all cancer cases diagnosed by all methods and included in the registry from 1(st) January 2000 to 31(st) December 2010. The results are presented as incidence rates of cases by site, sex, age, and crude rate. Age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years (ASRs) were calculated, using the direct method of standardization to the world population. A total of 1875 cases of invasive cancer were recorded. The mean age of diagnosis for all cancers was 52.66 ± 0.5 in men and 59.18 ± 0.6 in women. The ASR for all cancers in females was 27.8 per 100,000, and that for males was 23.6 per 100,000. The most important finding of the present study was the high incidence of liver cancer among males and females in Mascara. Among females, breast cancer was the most frequently reported followed by Cervix uteri, liver and colon. The most frequent cancer types in males were lung, colon, esophagus and stomach and liver. Cancer incidence in Mascara province was lower than that reported in other national and regional registries. Findings of the present study revealed high incidence of liver cancer in the province, the highest in Algeria, suggesting high prevalence of risk factors.

With the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, combining medicinal plants with synthetic medicines against resistant bacteria becomes necessary. In this study, Synergism between plants extracts (methanolic extract, essential oils) of Inula viscosa and Anacyclus valentinus and two commonly used antibiotics: gentamycin and oxacillin were investigated on three bacterian strains Escherichia. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. In the first time, the antibacterial effect of extracts alone was tested against 7 strains by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanolic extracts ranged between 6.25 and 50mg/ml while that of the essential oils varied between 12.5 and 100μL/mL. The inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics varied between 125 and 31.25 μg/ml. Interactions extracts /antibiotics and extracts/extracts were determined by disc diffusion agar and by checkboard. The results show that the synergistic effect of combinations plant extracts/antibiotics was more important than extracts/extracts.Keywords: antibiotic resistant; Inula viscosa; Anacyclus valentinus; synergy

We investigated in vitro the ability of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine proteinases, to generate multiple molecular forms of pyridinoline crosslinks from insoluble bone type I collagen, and we studied the effects of various concentrations of divalent ions such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) on this process. Our results have shown that the addition of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ greatly enhanced the release of pyridinoline crosslinks, the greatest effects being obtained at 50-75 mM. By dialysis and gel filtration chromatography methods, we attempted to separate the different molecular species of peptides containing pyridinoline crosslinks resulting from the digestion of bone with catepsin B. In a Ca2+ and Mg2+ free buffer, the molecular weight of approximately 80% of the peptide fragments containing crosslinks was under 3500 Da. Addition of MgCl2 (40 mM) did not modified significantly this repartition, while CaCl2 changed it dramatically. Indeed, in presence of various concentrations of CaCl2 (10-40 mM), the proteolytic balance of the enzyme was shifted toward the release of peptide-bound crosslinks fragments with higher size (MW > 3500 Da). These data could suggest that locally elevated concentrations of Ca2+, such as those seen in the bone-resorbing microenvironment, could modify the proteolysis of bone collagen mediated by lysosomal cysteines proteinases.Keywords: pyridinolines crosslinks, Calcium, Cathepsin, collagen, bone matrix degradation La présente étude porte sur la capacité in vitro d’une cystéine protéinase lysosomiale, la cathepsine B, de générer les formes moléculaires multiples de pyridinolines, à partir du collagène osseux insoluble de type I, et d’étudier les effets de diverses concentrations des ions bivalents tels que le calcium (Ca2+) et le magnésium (Mg2+) sur ce processus. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l'addition de Ca2+ ou de Mg2+ a considérablement augmenté le dégagement des molécules de pyridinoline, les plus importants effets étant obtenus à 50-75 mM. Par dialyse et des méthodes chromatographiques sur gel filtration, nous avons séparé les différentes formes moléculaires de pyridinolines conjuguées résultant de la digestion de l'os par la cathepsine B. Dans un tampon libre de Ca2+ et de Mg2+, le poids moléculaire (MW) de pyridinolines conjuguées était au-dessous de 3500 Da (80%). L'addition de MgCl2 (40 mM) n’a pas modifié sensiblement cette répartition, alors que le CaCl2 la changeait nettement. En effet, en présence de différentes concentrations de CaCl2 (10-40 mM), l'équilibre protéolytique de l'enzyme a été décalé vers le dégagement de pyridinolines conjuguées ayant un poids moléculaire plus élevée (MW > 3500 Da). Ces données suggèrent que des concentrations en Ca2+ localement élevées, comme celles vues dans le micro-environnement de la résorption osseuse, ont pu modifier les sites protéolytiques du collagène osseux par l’intervention de la cystéine protéinase lysosomiale.Mots clés: Molécules de pyridinolines; Calcium, Cathepsine; collagène; dégradation de la matrice osseuse.

Celle-ci est définie comme étant une eau obtenue par osmose inverse, par échange d’ions, par distillation ou par tout autre procédé approprié. Les conditions de préparation de transfert, et de conservation permettent de limiter le risque de toute contamination. Sa qualité ne pourra être vérifiée qu’à postériori et doit répondre à des normes pour garantir au patient une dialyse sans risque. Notre objectif est de faire l’état des lieux de l’eau dans certains centres de dialyse répartis dans différentes régions du Maroc. Les prélèvements sont effectués sur des points clé du circuit de traitement de l’eau pour hémodialyse. Trois niveaux retenus pour les prélèvements : la sortie de l’osmoseur, le départ boucle de redistribution et le retour boucle. Les analyses sont faites selon les monographies de la pharmacopée européenne en vigueur. L’étude que nous avons entreprise concerne 32 centres étudiés, dont 65% sont situés sur l’axe Rabat- Casa. L’analyse bactériologique montre sur l’ensemble des centres étudiés que 28% sont conformes au niveau de la sortie de l’osmoseur avec un pourcentage élevé au niveau de l’axe Rabat -Casa (19%). Au niveau du retour boucle, 62% des prélèvements sont conformes. Au niveau du départ boucle, 47% des prélèvements sont conformes. Concernant la recherche des endotoxines sur les 32 centres visités, 25% sont conformes au niveau du départ boucle, 37 % au niveau du retour boucle et 21% au niveau de la sortie de l’osmoseur. Le dosage des paramètres physicochimiques reste conforme dans la plupart des centres. Elle doit être une eau de qualité pharmaceutique répondant à des exigences de la pharmacopée pour assurer l’innocuité vis-à-vis du patient. Des efforts restent à fournir au niveau des centres de dialyse pour améliorer la qualité de l’eau utilisée., Maroc Médical, Vol. 29, No 2 (2007)

Depuis le XIXème siècle, la prise de la température corporelle par le thermomètre à mercure fut un acte de routine médicale. Bien que banalisé, il n’est pas sans inconvénient ni danger. Le risque majeur est représenté par les vapeurs de mercure dégagées en cas de bris particulièrement en milieu hospitalier. Une enquête a été réalisée au niveau de certains services cliniques de l’hôpital Ibn Sina (HIS) et celui des spécialités (HSR) du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rabat dans l’objectif d’évaluer les mesures de désinfection et de gestion des débris du thermomètre à mercure en cas de casse par le biais d’un questionnaire. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré d’une part que la casse mensuelle en moyenne est de 20% à l’HIS et HSR. D’autre part la désinfection des thermomètres s’effectue par des solutions antiseptiques non adaptées d’une manière empirique tout en notant le manque des procédures écrites claires concernant à la fois le nettoyage et la récupération du mercure en cas de casse, ainsi que l’absence d’une stratégie globale de substitution des thermomètres à mercure., Maroc Médical, Vol. 28, No 2 (2006)

La stérilisation à l'oxyde d'éthylène occupe une place non négligeable dans la vie quotidienne de nombreux hôpitaux. C’est une technique de stérilisation à basse température qui est devenue une des principales méthodes pour la stérilisation des matériaux prothétiques et des articles de soins thermosensibles. En dehors de cet intérêt, l'oxyde d'éthylène connaît plusieurs inconvénients ; c’est un gaz toxique, inflammable, explosif et cancérigène, ce qui requiert une attention particulière pour la surveillance des différents paramètres de la stérilisation, du conditionnement du matériel et de l'aménagement des locaux. Ainsi, il exige des mesures de protection pour le personnel et le patient et le recours à des procédés alternatifs de stérilisation de qualité comparable. A travers cet article, nous allons décrire les étapes de la stérilisation à l’oxyde d’éthylène et son mode d’utilisation en milieu hospitalier et parallèlement, rapporter les recommandations en matière du respect des normes de stérilisation afin d’éviter les risques liés à cet agent., Maroc Médical, Vol. 27, No 4 (2005)