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7. Novel Clinical-Grade Prostate Cancer Detection and Grading Model: Development and Prospective Validation Using Real World Data, with Performance Assessment on IHC Requested Cases

Author

Nateghi, Ramin, Zhou, Ruoji, Saft, Madeline, Schnauss, Marina, Neill, Clayton, Alam, Ridwan, Handa, Nicole, Huang, Mitchell, Li, Eric V, Goldstein, Jeffery A, Schaeffer, Edward M, Nadim, Menatalla, Pourakpour, Fattaneh, Isaila, Bogdan, Felicelli, Christopher, Mehta, Vikas, Nezami, Behtash G, Ross, Ashley, Yang, Ximing, and Cooper, Lee AD

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Artificial intelligence may assist healthcare systems in meeting increasing demand for pathology services while maintaining diagnostic quality and reducing turnaround time and costs. We aimed to investigate the performance of an institutionally developed system for prostate cancer detection, grading, and workflow optimization and to contrast this with commercial alternatives. From August 2021 to March 2023, we scanned 21,396 slides from 1,147 patients with positive biopsies. We developed models for cancer detection, grading, and screening of equivocal cases for IHC ordering. We compared a task-specific model trained using the PANDA dataset of prostate cancer biopsies with one built using features extracted by the general-purpose histology foundation model, UNI and compare their performance in an unfiltered prospectively collected dataset that reflects our patient population (1737 slides,95 patients). We evaluated the contributions of a bespoke model designed to improve sensitivity in detecting small cancer foci and scoring of broader patterns observed at lower resolution. We found high concordance between the developed systems and pathologist reference in detection (AUC 98.5, sensitivity 95.0, and specificity 97.8), ISUP grading (quadratic Cohen's kappa 0.869), grade group 3 or higher (AUC 97.5, sensitivity 94.9, specificity 96.6) and comparable to published data from commercial systems. Screening could reduce IHC ordering for equivocal cases by 44.5% with an overall error rate of 1.8% (1.4% false positive, 0.4% false negative rates). Institutions like academic medical centers that have high scanning volumes and report abstraction capabilities can develop accurate computational pathology models for internal use. These models have the potential to aid in quality control role and to improve workflow in the pathology lab to help meet future challenges in prostate cancer diagnosis.

Published
2024

8. Learning-Based Image Compression for Machines

Author

Gupta, Kartik, Faria, Kimberley, and Mehta, Vikas

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

While learning based compression techniques for images have outperformed traditional methods, they have not been widely adopted in machine learning pipelines. This is largely due to lack of standardization and lack of retention of salient features needed for such tasks. Decompression of images have taken a back seat in recent years while the focus has shifted to an image's utility in performing machine learning based analysis on top of them. Thus the demand for compression pipelines that incorporate such features from images has become ever present. The methods outlined in the report build on the recent work done on learning based image compression techniques to incorporate downstream tasks in them. We propose various methods of finetuning and enhancing different parts of pretrained compression encoding pipeline and present the results of our investigation regarding the performance of vision tasks using compression based pipelines.

Published
2024

9. A Framework to Promote Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Institutions Caring for Vulnerable and Underserved Cancer Populations

Author

Schuster, Anne L. R., Crossnohere, Norah L., Boakye, Eric Adjei, Angove, Rebekah, Baldwin, Billie, Barreto, Esteban A., Chen, Ronald C., Gillespie, Theresa W., Hamilton, Betty, McCleary, Nadine Jackson, Karmo, Maimah, Kaufmann, Tara, Lee, William, Mehta, Vikas, Meyer, Larissa, Mittal, Kriti, Owens, Leah, Peterson, Rachel, Pusic, Andrea, Rainey, Anne Marie, Richardson, Angelique, Shapiro, Lauren, Sibbitt, Bethany, Smith, Cardinale, Vargo, Mary, Vickers, Andrew, Brundage, Michael, and Snyder, Claire

Published
2024
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13. Comprehensive functional evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with BH3-profiling demonstrates apoptotic competency and therapeutic efficacy of BH3-mimetics

Author

Li, Daniel, Lopez, Andrea, Shrivastava, Nitisha, Chan, Wesley, Thomas, Carlos, Burk, Robert, Segall, Jeff, Augustine, Stelby, Rosenblatt, Gregory, Mehta, Vikas, Schiff, Bradley A., Smith, Richard V., Prystowsky, Michael B., Schlecht, Nicolas F., Guha, Chandan, Gavathiotis, Evripidis, and Ow, Thomas J.

Published
2024
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20. Ensuring remote diagnostics for pathologists: an open letter to the US Congress

Author

Lennerz, Jochen K., Pantanowitz, Liron, Amin, Mitual B., Eltoum, Isam-Eldin, Hameed, Meera R., Kalof, Alexana N., Khanafshar, Elham, Kunju, Lakshmi P., Lazenby, Audrey J., Montone, Kathleen T., Otis, Christopher N., Reid, Michelle D., Staats, Paul N., Whitney-Miller, Christa L., Abendroth, Catherine S., Aron, Manju, Birdsong, George G., Bleiweiss, Ira J., Bronner, Mary P., Chapman, Jennifer, Cipriani, Nicole A., de la Roza, Gustavo, Esposito, Michael J., Fadare, Oluwole, Ferrer, Karen, Fletcher, Christopher D., Frishberg, David P., Garcia, Fernando U., Geldenhuys, Laurette, Gill, Ryan M., Gui, Dorina, Halat, Shams, Hameed, Omar, Hornick, Jason L., Huber, Aaron R., Jain, Dhanpat, Jhala, Nirag, Jorda, Merce, Jorns, Julie M., Kaplan, Jeffrey, Khalifa, Mahmoud A., Khan, Ashraf, Kim, Grace E., Lee, Eun Y., LiVolsi, Virginia A., Longacre, Teri, Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina, McCall, Shannon J., McPhaul, Laron, Mehta, Vikas, Merzianu, Mihai, Miller, Stacey B., Molberg, Kyle H., Moreira, Andre L., Naini, Bita V., Nosé, Vania, O’Toole, Kathleen, Picken, Maria, Prieto, Victor G., Pullman, James M., Quick, Charles M., Reynolds, Jordan P., Rosenberg, Andrew E., Schnitt, Stuart J., Schwartz, Mary R., Sekosan, Marin, Smith, Michael T., Sohani, Aliyah, Stowman, Anne, Vanguri, Vijay K., Wang, Beverly, Watts, John C., Wei, Shi, Whitney, Kathleen, Younes, Mamoun, Zee, Sui, and Bracamonte, Erika R.

Published
2022
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28. Suburban camouflage in urban neighbourhoods: new building typologies and their impact on social life of residential streets.

Author

Mehta, Vikas and Nogalski, Szymon

Subjects
*URBAN life, *URBAN morphology, *NEIGHBORHOODS, *SOLITUDE, *MORPHOLOGY
Abstract

Centre-city neighbourhoods is where residents expect a diversity of residents and an active social life, along with numerous amenities. This study investigates the relationship between the transforming morphology of Over-the-Rhine – a historic centre-city neighbourhood in Cincinnati, Ohio – and its urban social life. Detailed observations and morphological analyses of four new residential projects reveal that typologies that on the face appear urban, in fact promote a suburban lifestyle that prioritizes independence and seclusion and focus on private domestic life, in an urban context. We conclude with a set of strategies to increase the interaction between the private and the public realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Early, precise, and safe clinical evaluation of the pharmacodynamic effects of novel agents in the intact human tumor microenvironment

Author

Gundle, Kenneth R., primary, Rajasekaran, Karthik, additional, Houlton, Jeffrey, additional, Deutsch, Gary B., additional, Ow, Thomas J., additional, Maki, Robert G., additional, Pang, John, additional, Nathan, Cherie-Ann O., additional, Clayburgh, Daniel, additional, Newman, Jason G., additional, Brinkmann, Elyse, additional, Wagner, Michael J., additional, Pollack, Seth M., additional, Thompson, Matthew J., additional, Li, Ryan J., additional, Mehta, Vikas, additional, Schiff, Bradley A., additional, Wenig, Barry I., additional, Swiecicki, Paul L., additional, Tang, Alice L., additional, Davis, Jessica L., additional, van Zante, Annemieke, additional, Bertout, Jessica A., additional, Jenkins, Wendy, additional, Turner, Atticus, additional, Grenley, Marc, additional, Burns, Connor, additional, Frazier, Jason P., additional, Merrell, Angela, additional, Sottero, Kimberly H. W., additional, Derry, Jonathan M. J., additional, Gillespie, Kate C., additional, Mills, Bre, additional, and Klinghoffer, Richard A., additional

Published
2024
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30. Copy-Move Image Forgery Detection Using DCT and ORB Feature Set

Author

Mehta, Vikas, Jaiswal, Ankit Kumar, Srivastava, Rajeev, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Founding Editor, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, editor, Sood, Sanjay, editor, Kumar, Yugal, editor, Paprzycki, Marcin, editor, Pljonkin, Anton, editor, and Hong, Wei-Chiang, editor

Published
2020
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34. Does restorativeness support liveliness on commercial streets?

Author

Barros, Paula and Mehta, Vikas

Subjects
THEMATIC analysis, USER experience, STREETS
Abstract

The role of restorativeness in attracting and retaining people on commercial streets has been under-researched. To examine this topic, this convergent parallel mixed methods study was conducted on four commercial streets in Brazil. It included a quantitative evaluation of correlations between a set of microscale aspects of commercial streets and liveliness, and a qualitative thematic analysis of users' experiences informed by the Attention Restoration Theory. The results showed restorativeness as one pathway linking microscale aspects of commercial streets to liveliness. The perceived restorative potential of microscale aspects of commercial streets should be considered when adopting fine-grained approaches to enhance their liveliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Characterization of a Diverse Set of Conditionally Reprogrammed Head and Neck Cancer Cell Cultures.

Author

Ow, Thomas J., Mehta, Vikas, Li, Daniel, Thomas, Carlos, Shrivastava, Nitisha, Kawachi, Nicole, Gersten, Adam J., Zhu, Jing, Schiff, Bradley A., Smith, Richard V., Rosenblatt, Gregory, Augustine, Stelby, Prystowsky, Michael B., Yin, Shanye, Gavathiotis, Evripidis, and Guha, Chandan

Abstract

Objective: To establish and characterize a diverse library of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cultures using conditional reprogramming (CR). Methods: Patients enrolled on an IRB‐approved protocol to generate tumor cell cultures using CR methods. Tumor and blood samples were collected and clinical information was recorded. Successful CR cultures were validated against banked reference tumors with short tandem repeat genotyping. Cell morphology was archived with photodocumentation. Clinical and demographic factors were evaluated for associations with successful establishment of CR culture. Human papilloma virus (HPV) genotyping, clonogenic survival, MTT assays, spheroid growth, and whole exome sequencing were carried out in selected cultures. Results: Forty four patients were enrolled, with 31 (70%) successful CR cultures, 32% derived from patients who identified as Black and 61% as Hispanic. All major head and neck disease sites were represented, including 15 (48%) oral cavity and 8 (26%) p16‐positive oropharynx cancers. Hispanic ethnicity and first primary tumors (vs. second primary or recurrent tumors) were significantly associated with successful CR culture. HPV expression was conserved in CR cultures, including CR‐024, which carried a novel HPV‐69 serotype. CR cultures were used to test cisplatin responses using MTT assays. Previous work has also demonstrated these models can be used to assess response to radiation and can be engrafted in mouse models. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated that CR cultures preserved tumor mutation burden and driver mutations. Conclusion: CR culture is highly successful in propagating HNSCC cells. This study included a high proportion of patients from underrepresented minority groups. Level of Evidence: Not Applicable Laryngoscope, 134:2748–2756, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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