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As the number of introduced species keeps increasing unabatedly, identifying and prioritising current and potential Invasive Alien Species (IAS) has become essential to manage them. Horizon Scanning (HS), defined as an exploration of potential threats, is considered a fundamental component of IAS management. By combining scientific knowledge on taxa with expert opinion, we identified the most relevant aquatic IAS in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e., those with the greatest geographic extent (or probability of introduction), severe ecological, economic and human health impacts, greatest difficulty and acceptability of management. We highlighted the 126 most relevant IAS already present in Iberian inland waters (i.e., Concern list) and 89 with a high probability of being introduced in the near future (i.e., Alert list), of which 24 and 10 IAS, respectively, were considered as a management priority after receiving the highest scores in the expert assessment (i.e., top-ranked IAS). In both lists, aquatic IAS belonging to the four thematic groups (plants, freshwater invertebrates, estuarine invertebrates, and vertebrates) were identified as having been introduced through various pathways from different regions of the world and classified according to their main functional feeding groups. Also, the latest update of the list of IAS of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 includes only 12 top-ranked IAS identified for the Iberian Peninsula, while the national lists incorporate the vast majority of them. This fact underlines the great importance of taxa prioritisation exercises at biogeographical scales as a step prior to risk analyses and their inclusion in national lists. This HS provides a robust assessment and a cost-effective strategy for decision-makers and stakeholders to prioritise the use of limited resources for IAS prevention and management. Although applied at a transnational level in a European biodiversity hotspot, this approach is designed for potential application at any geographical or administrative scale, including the continental one., This research was supported by the LIFE INVASAQUA project (Aquatic In- vasive Alien Species of Freshwater and Estuarine Systems: Awareness and Prevention in the Iberian Peninsula) (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515) funded by the EU LIFE Program. The Fundación Biodiversidad (Government of Spain) and the Government of Navarre financially support specific actions into the LIFE INVASAQUA. F.R. is supported by Foundation for Science and Technology through an individual contract (CEEC/0482/2020). J.E. has a Ph.D. scholarship (SFRH/BD/140556/2018) funded by FCT, Portugal. F.B. is supported by Foundation for Science and Technology through an individual contract (CEEC/01896/2021).

Salmo trutta is a key species of headwater streams that is able to influence the structure of these ecosystems through predation. Populations of this species are being threatened by climate change and hydrological alteration. In order to understand how their disappearance would affect the ecosystem structure of headwater streams, we used cage experiments to analyse different biofilm and macroinvertebrate structural parameters and the biodiversity of their communities under different trout densities. Due to a heavy rain event, our experiment was destroyed on the 10th day, but the role of trout as stream ecosystemic structure drivers was observed, as multiple parameters were modulated by their presence or absence. In the high-density treatments, a significant reduction in the biomass of macroinvertebrate families that fed on biofilms was observed due to direct predation on them, which caused the biofilms to be more autotrophic. A decrease in brown trout population densities could cause cascading trophic effects on the ecosystem structure of headwater streams

Resumen del trabajo presentado en VI Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras y I Congreso Ibérico sobre EEI (EEI 2022) celebrado en Navarra del 20 al 23 de abril de 2022., One of the objectives of LIFE INVASQUA project is to develop tools that will be more efficient the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR) framework for Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula. Horizon scanning for high-risk IAS is basic in implementing measures to reduce new invasions, developing Alert lists, and to focus effort in the species already established, for instance making a Black list. We developed a trans national horizon scanning exercise focused on inland waters of Spain and Portugal in order to provide a prioritized lists (Black list and Alert list) of aquatic IAS that may pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and socio economic sectors in the future. We followed a step approach of existing information about IAS (Plants, Freshwater Invertebrates, Estuarine Invertebrates and Vertebrates; 127 established taxa in Black list; 90 non established taxa in Alert list) combining with an expert scoring of prioritized taxa. IAS established in the Iberian aquatic system consistently highlighted as the worst included vertebrates (e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Silurus glanis), freshwater and estuarine invertebrates (e.g. Procambarus clarkii, Dreissena polymorpha, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Callinectes sapidus, Corbicula fluminea) and plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora). Amongst taxa not yet established (Alert list), expert pointed to Perna viridis, Hydroides dirampha, Dreissena bugensis, Procambarus fallax f. virginallis, Perccottus glenii with higher risk of invasion, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 20.6% of the taxa in the preliminary black list received no votes (no prioritization) by experts, 17.8% in the innitial alert list. Our horizon scanning approach is inclusive of all-taxa, prioritizes both established and emerging biological threats across trans-national scales, and considers not only the ecological impact, but also potential direct economic consequences as well as the manageability of invasive species., This work received funds from the LIFE Programme (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515).

During extensive Spanish river macrophyte and invertebrate surveys, the freshwater chlorophyte Ulvella spongophila was detected growing inside the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis attached to stones. This finding is relevant from the phy¬cological, biogeographical and ecological points of view, and is the second world record of the species after one single known locality (Lake Manindjau, Sumatra, Malaysia), from which the species was collected and described around 130 years ago. The species was collected under summer base-flow conditions in four Mediterranean temporary/seasonal streams in 2018 and 2019. New information about the species’ morphological characteristics and ecological preferences in the Iberian Peninsula is presented. A comparative description of the observed specimens with previously published data, some biogeographical aspects of findings, certain biological facets of the sponge-algal association, and its conservation status, are discussed.

Se presenta una lista actualizada de las especies exóticas que se encuentran en etapa de establecimiento o de propagación de la invasión en aguas continentales de la península ibérica. La lista está basada en la evaluación sistemática de los datos en colaboración con un amplio equipo de expertos de España y Portugal. Esta lista de actualización es un instrumento de apoyo importante para la aplicación del Reglamento de la Unión Europea (UE) sobre las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) y también proporciona una base objetiva para el examen de su aplicación. En última instancia, la información incluida puede utilizarse para supervisar el cumplimiento del objetivo de la Estrategia de la UE sobre diversidad biológica hasta 2030 para combatir las EEI, pero también para la aplicación de otras políticas de la UE con requisitos sobre especies exóticas, como las Directivas de Hábitats y Aves, la Directiva Marco sobre la Estrategia Marina (DMEM) y la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA).

62 páginas. Ilustrado, Se presenta una lista actualizada de las especies exóticas que se encuentran en etapa de establecimiento o de propagación de la invasión en aguas continentales de la península ibérica. La lista está basada en la evaluación sistemática de los datos en colaboración con un amplio equipo de expertos de España y Portugal. Esta lista de actualización es un instrumento de apoyo importante para la aplicación del Reglamento de la Unión Europea (UE) sobre las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) y también proporciona una base objetiva para el examen de su aplicación. En última instancia, la información incluida puede utilizarse para supervisar el cumplimiento del objetivo de la Estrategia de la UE sobre diversidad biológica hasta 2030 para combatir las EEI, pero también para la aplicación de otras políticas de la UE con requisitos sobre especies exóticas, como las Directivas de Hábitats y Aves, la Directiva Marco sobre la Estrategia Marina (DMEM) y la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA). Esta publicación es un informe técnico del Proyecto Europeo LIFE INVASAQUA (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515). Ha sido redactado por un equipo de expertos en el marco del proyecto y tiene por objeto proporcionar apoyo, basado en pruebas científicas, al proceso de formulación de políticas europeas. La información científica aportada no implica una posición política de la Comisión Europea. Ni la Comisión Europea ni ninguna persona que actúe en nombre de la Comisión es responsable del uso que pueda hacerse de esta publicación., Este estudio fue apoyado económicamente por el proyecto LIFE INVASAQUA (Especies exóticas acuáticas invasoras de agua dulce y sistemas estuarinos: sensibilización y prevención en la Península Ibérica) (LIFE17 GIE/ES/ 000515) financiado por el Programa LIFE de la UE., Contiene: Prólogo 9 Autores y colaboradores 10 Agradecimientos 11 Acrónimos y abreviaturas 12 Resumen ejecutivo 13 1. Introducción y objetivos 16 1.1. Antecedentes 16 1.2. Objetivos de la lista y propósito del informe 17 2. Alcance y metodología de evaluación 20 2.1. Ámbito geográfico 20 2.2. Alcance del concepto de biota exótica acuática 20 2.3. Evaluación y selección de especies 22 3. Resultados 3.1. Lista 3.2. Enfoque taxonómico 4. Recomendaciones y necesidades de actualización 38 Referencias bibliográficas 39 Lista de afiliaciones de los autores 43 Lista de colaboradores 47 Apéndice A Lista de especies exóticas acuáticas definidas como establecidas (naturalizadas) en las aguas continentales ibéricas Apéndice B Lista de especies exóticas acuáticas definidas como de estado incierto y criptogénico en las aguas continentales ibéricas Apéndice C Número de especies exóticas acuáticas definidas por grupos taxonómicos (Filo, Clase y Orden) Material complementario (http://www.ibermis.org/) (http://www.lifeinvasaqua.com/)

The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology., Measurement(s)species abundance • species trait • environmental feature • latitude • longitudeTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)year of data collection • type of ecosystem • level of human disturbanceSample Characteristic - Environmentterrestrial natural environment • fresh water • marine biome • anthropogenic terrestrial biome • natural environment • area of mixed forest • cultivated environmentSample Characteristic - LocationEarth (planet) Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11317790

The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology., This work was funded by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (funded by the German Research Foundation; DFG FZT 118). We thank Jitendra Gaikwad for his precious help with the technical aspects of the database storage and management through the iDiv Biodiversity Portal (https://idata.idiv.de/, https://doi.org/10.25829/idiv.286-21-2695) and the iDiv IT Support for their help in the CESTES website development (https://icestes.github.io/). The datasets provided by A. Jeliazkov were collected with financial support from the Fédération d’Ile-de-France pour la Recherche en Environnement (FIRE FR-3020). The dataset provided by R. Carvalho and F.L. Tejerina-Garro had financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq No. 471283/2006-1) granted to FLTG. The datasets provided by R. van Klink, J.-Y. Humbert, R. Arlettaz and M.H.M. Menz were collected with financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 31003A_125398/2 and 31003A_149656) awarded to RA.

Treball Final de Grau en Humanitats: Estudis Interculturals. Codi: HU1036. Curs acadèmic 2018/2019 El conocimiento sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible permite analizar, desde los estudios del desarrollo y desde los estudios de la paz, la influencia sobre la participación de la sociedad. El problema reside en la concienciación y en la sensibilización de la ciudadanía como agentes de participación política. Esto plantea la necesidad de encontrar un modelo educativo basado en el desarrollo sostenible y en la paz. Para comprender los ODS, se analizan las nociones de desarrollo y de paz a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva. En consonancia con los tipos de violencia, estos conceptos envuelven una de las alternativas para los ODS a favor de la reducción de la violencia. Es necesario saber que ambas disciplinas convergen llegando a complementarse con los ODS. Los derechos humanos y la justicia social se emplean para la consecución de estos ODS. De modo que la realización de los ODS debe integrarse en la educación para un desarrollo sostenible y en la educación para la paz. Como resultado, la educación en la ejecución de los ODS busca la construcción de una cultura de paz. Por consiguiente, el enfoque de las capacidades se vuelve relevante para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Esta capacidad adquirida por una educación en las artes y en las humanidades, a través de los estudios interculturales, dota al ciudadano de imaginación y creatividad como consecuencia de una reflexión crítica. La capacidad de ponerse en el lugar del otro ayuda comprender los problemas globales. En conclusión, una educación en las artes y en las humanidades donde prima la interculturalidad es necesaria para el fomento de un pensamiento crítico. La formación en estas disciplinas educa a ciudadanos más comprometidos con los problemas que suceden en el mundo. Debido a esto, se logra la capacidad de crear e imaginar alternativas para alcanzar las metas de desarrollo sostenible.

Running waters in Mediterranean regions are strongly regulated by dams, which produce significant alterations to natural flow regimes. Climate change will reduce discharge and increase flow intermittence in Mediterranean streams, which will lead to an intensified flow regulation to meet water demands. Very little is known about how the functional features of aquatic communities vary along combined anthropogenic flow alteration and natural intermittence gradients. As intermittent streams are subjected to natural stress (droughts and flash floods), the flow regime alteration effect may differ from that observed in perennial rivers. Consequently, studies that aim to determine the effects of flow regulation on the functioning of aquatic communities in a global change context are crucial. By applying linear mixed‐effect models and null models to the macroinvertebrate communities from 65 stream sites in the Segura River Basin (south‐east Spain), we assessed the separate effects of natural flow intermittence and flow regulation, as well as their interaction, on biological traits and functional diversity indices. Natural flow intermittence and flow regulation were mainly associated with loss of taxa with semivoltine or univoltine cycles and more sensitive aquatic stages (i.e. eggs), and with the replacement by taxa with multivoltine cycles and more resistant aquatic stages (i.e. adults). Flow regulation intensified the impact of natural flow intermittence on some biological traits, producing synergistic effects (i.e. decreasing interstitial taxa and tegument breathers and increasing taxa with aquatic adult stages). At the same time, antagonistic (life cycle) and opposing (shredders) interaction effects were also observed. Functional diversity, functional dispersion, and functional redundancy underwent a non‐random decrease as the flow regime alteration increased, and a significant antagonistic interaction was also found between both stressors for functional redundancy. In general, flow regulation effects were stronger in perennial than in intermittent streams because natural intermittence imposes a previous eco‐evolutionary pressure on aquatic biota by selecting those resistant or recovery traits that confer resilience to anthropogenic flow regime alterations. Thus, the natural flow regime influences the functional sensibility of communities to anthropogenic flow alteration. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Capítulo 1. Evaluación biológica con macroinvertebrados en ríos de la cuenca del Segura: efectos de las tendencias estacionales, métodos de procesado y resolución taxonómica sobre patrones multivariantes y métricas de diversidad. Capítulo 2. Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados de la cuenca del Río Segura: tipos de ríos, táxones indicadores y factores ambientales. Capítulo 3. Rasgos biológicos y ecológicos de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos en una cuenca semiárida. Patrones a lo largo de gradientes ambientales complejos. Capítulo 4. Riqueza, diversidad y diversidad funcional en comunidades de macroinvertebrados de la cuenca del río Segura: variaciones naturales e influencias antropogénicas

The first record of Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, 1955 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from north-eastern Spain is presented (Gállego river at Santa Eulalia de Gállego, Zaragoza province). This interesting species has been previously recorded from Spain in the Ulla river (A Coruña, north-western Spain) and in the upper reaches of the Guadalquivir river (Jaén, south-eastern Spain). Thus, this represents the fourth record of the species from the Iberian Peninsula and considerably extends its current known distribution in the region., Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, 1955 (Diptera, Chironomidae) se cita por primera vez del cuadrante noreste de la península ibérica, en el río Gállego a su paso por Santa Eulalia de Gállego (Zaragoza). Se trata de la cuarta cita para la Península Ibérica de esta interesante especie, tras la del río Ulla (A Coruña, noroeste de España) y las del alto Guadalquivir (Jaén, sureste de España). Con esta cita se amplía considerablemente el rango de distribución conocido de la especie en la Península.

Este artículo contiene 4 páginas, 1 tabla, 2 figuras., [EN]The risk of extinction of Eurylophella iberica Keffermuller and Da Terra 1978 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) was assessed for the first time after taking into account recently published distributional data using a method specifically designed for aquatic insects. The results showed that the species can be considered “moderately vulnerable”. We discuss the main biological and habitat features that could determine this species’ extinction risk, as well as the controversy of using IUCN criteria for insect species assessments.[ES]Se evalúa por primera vez el riesgo de extinción de Eurylophella iberica Keffermuller y Da Terra 1978 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) gracias a los nuevos datos de distribución publicados recientemente y usando un método diseñado específicamente para insectos acuáticos. Los resultados mostraron que la especie puede ser considerada como “moderadamente vulnerable”. Discutimos cuales son las principales características de la biología y del hábitat de la especie que pueden determinar su riesgo de extinción, así como las limitaciones de los criterios de la UICN para evaluar insectos, We thank the “Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir” (Área de Calidad de Aguas) and DBO5 S.L. (Environmental firm, Seville, Spain) for their support and help. DS-F was supported by a postdoctoral contract funded by the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and the European Social Fund (ESF).

Este artículo contiene 8 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla., Eurylophella iberica Keffermüller and Da Terra, 1978 is an endemic insect species of the Iberian Peninsula whose distribution has been poorly studied to date with rather old and scattered records. Here we compiled all existing distribution records and add new records from recent sampling activities. We also used this updated distributional information and environmental data (climate and geology) to estimate both current and future potential distributions in different climate change scenarios. We found that currently ca. 50% of the total Iberian region could present suitable environmental conditions for E. iberica (all the Iberian Peninsula, save the most eastern and Mediterranean areas). However, the potential distributions estimated when considering future climate change scenarios showed a marked reduction in the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the species, especially in the south. The northwest part of the Iberian Peninsula is a crucial zone for the future survival of this endemic species. We also found that most populations that occur in areas with suitable (both current and future) environmental conditions fall outside the Natura 2000 network of protected areas. Our results represent the first attempt to estimate the potential distribution of this endemic species providing important insights for its conservation.

The first record of Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, 1955 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from north-eastern Spain is presented (Gállego river at Santa Eulalia de Gállego, Zaragoza province). This interesting species has been previously recorded from Spain in the Ulla river (A Coruña, north-western Spain) and in the upper reaches of the Guadalquivir river (Jaén, south-eastern Spain). Thus, this represents the fourth record of the species from the Iberian Peninsula and considerably extends its current known distribution in the region. Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, 1955 (Diptera, Chironomidae) se cita por primera vez del cuadrante noreste de la península ibérica, en el río Gállego a su paso por Santa Eulalia de Gállego (Zaragoza). Se trata de la cuarta cita para la Península Ibérica de esta interesante especie, tras la del río Ulla (A Coruña, noroeste de España) y las del alto Guadalquivir (Jaén, sureste de España). Con esta cita se amplía considerablemente el rango de distribución conocido de la especie en la Península.

Flow prediction in ungauged basins is an important task for water resources planning and management, and remains a fundamental challenge for hydroecological research. Based on a previous classification of streams and rivers in the Ebro River basin (Spain), where six natural flow-regime types were identified, we apply a new predictive approach of the flow regime type based on climatic and physiographic descriptors. We used a set of easily available environmental variables as discriminant parameters: annual precipitation, annual evapotranspiration, annual air temperature, elevation, catchment area, drainage density and geology. A stepwise landscape-based classification procedure consisting of several stepwise discriminant analyses and canonical discriminant analyses allocated a set of sites with poor or no natural flow data into the flow types defined. Misclassification rates obtained by cross-validation ranged between 1.12% and 11.9%. Additionally, the ecological soundness of the proposed regionalization was tested by the concordance between macroinvertebrate communities and the proposed classification using NMDS and ANOSIM. NMDS resulted in a clear separation of sites into five NFR classes with available macroinvertebrate data, and ANOSIM found significant differences in macroinvertebrate communities among classes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The investigation of flow-ecology relationships constitutes the basis for the development of environmental flow criteria. The need to understand hydrology-ecology linkages in natural systems has increased owing to the prospect of climate change and flow regime management, especially in water-scarce areas such as Mediterranean basins. Our research quantified the macroinvertebrate community response at family, genus and species level to natural flow regime dynamics in freshwater streams of a Mediterranean semiarid basin (Segura River, SE Spain) and identified the flow components that influence the composition and richness of biotic assemblages. Flow stability and minimum flows were the principal hydrological drivers of macroinvertebrate assemblages, whereas the magnitude of average and maximum flows had a limited effect. Perennial stable streams were characterized by flow sensitive lotic taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and intermittent streams by predominately lentic taxa (Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera and Diptera). Relatively minor biological changes were recorded for intermediate flow regime classes along a gradient of flow stability. Seasonal variation and minimum flows are key hydrological components that need to be considered for river management and environmental flows in the Segura River basin and other Mediterranean basins. The anthropogenic modification of these parameters, due to both human activities and climate change, would probably lead to significant changes in the structure and composition of communities in perennial stable streams. This would be characterized by a reduction of flow sensitive Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa and an increase in more resilient Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera and Diptera taxa. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Flow prediction in ungauged basins is an important task for water resources planning and management, and remains a fundamental challenge for hydroecological research. Based on a previous classification of streams and rivers in the Ebro River basin (Spain), where six natural flowregime types were identified, we apply a new predictive approach of the flow regime type based on climatic and physiographic descriptors. We used a set of easily available environmental variables as discriminant parameters: annual precipitation, annual evapotranspiration, annual air temperature, elevation, catchment area, drainage density and geology. A stepwise landscape-based classification procedure consisting of several stepwise discriminant analyses and canonical discriminant analyses allocated a set of sites with poor or no natural flow data into the flow types defined. Misclassification rates obtained by cross-validation ranged between 1.12% and 11.9%. Additionally, the ecological soundness of the proposed regionalization was tested by the concordance between macroinvertebrate communities and the proposed classification using NMDS and ANOSIM. NMDS resulted in a clear separation of sites into five NFR classes with available macroinvertebrate data, and ANOSIM found significant differences in macroinvertebrate communities among classes.

Intraperitoneal meshes produce adhesions and intestinal fistula. Composite materials with an antiadherent barrier prevent that complication. There are no studies using gel products in intraperitoneal meshes to keep in contact with viscera.Two groups of 20 rats each were used. Polypropylene mesh was placed intraperitoneally in both groups adding hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose gel to the mesh in the study group. At 28 days, rats were sacrificed and evaluated using the Diamond adhesions scale.There were 20 rats in the study group and 19 rats in the control group (one postoperative death). Control group all had adhesions: six (32%)50% of the mesh surface. In the study group one rat (5%) showed no adhesions, and in 14 (70%)25% of the mesh surface. Severity showed strong and cohesive adhesions in 11 (58%) control group rats and thin, avascular adhesions in 11 (55%) study group rats. For density, in the study group there were two rats (10%) where adhesions were released spontaneously by separating the flap. There was mild to moderate traction in 16 (80%) study group rats and six (32%) control group rats. Adhesiolysis with scissors was used in the study group (5%) and in 13 (68%) control group rats (p0.05).Hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose gel appears to be effective in reducing the percentage of adhesions to segments of intraperitoneal mesh implants.

Introducción: las mallas colocadas intraperitonealmente originan adherencias y fístulas intestinales. Los materiales compuestos con barrera antiadherente evitan este problema. No existen estudios utilizando productos antiadherentes en gel aplicado a mallas intraperitoneales para evaluar su eficacia en segmentos pequeños de malla en contacto con las vísceras. Material y métodos: utilizamos dos grupos de 20 ratas cada uno. A las del grupo control se les colocó un segmento de malla de polipropileno intraperitonealmente y a las del grupo en estudio idéntica malla pero cubierta de gel de ácido hialurónico + carboximetilcelulosa. Los animales fueron sacrificados a los 28 días y se evaluaron las adherencias según la escala de Diamond. Resultados: se evaluaron 20 ratas del grupo en estudio y 19 del grupo control (una muerte posoperatoria). Extensión: en el grupo control todas las ratas presentaron adherencias a la malla, 6 de ellas (32%) más de 50% de la superficie de la malla. De los animales del grupo en estudio 1 (5%) sin adherencias, 14 (70%) menos de 25% de la superficie de la malla (p = 0.02). Severidad:adherencias firmes y cohesivas en 11 (58%) del grupo control y en 0 del grupo en estudio (p = 0.001). Adherencias delgadas, avasculares en 11 (55%) del grupo en estudio. Densidad: del grupo en estudio 2 (10%) se liberaron espontáneamente al separar el colgajo; con tracción de suave a moderada en 16 (80%) del grupo en estudio y en 6 (32%) del grupo control. Liberación de las adherencias con tijeras en 1 individuo del grupo en estudio (5%) y en 13 (68%) del grupo control (p 0.05). Conclusiones: el gel de ácido hialurónico + carboximetilcelulosa parece ser efectivo para reducir el porcentaje de adherencias y su firmeza a segmentos de malla intraperitoneal.