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The existing wireless communication interference methods rely heavily on the characteristics of the target signals obtained in communication reconnaissance, require complex prior knowledge, and have problems in keeping up with the dynamic changes of relevant parameters. This paper proposes a GAN-based tech-nology of generating spoofing-jamming I/Q signals. The jammer will be able to deceive and interfere with op-ponents through GAN by generating spoofing-jamming I/Q signals highly correlated to real I/Q signals without prior knowledge. This paper first introduces the principle of GAN and the GAN model to be adopted; uses a software radio system composed of LabView and NI USRP software and hardware plat-forms to simulate real communication scenarios to collect real I/Q signal data; generates spoofing-jamming I/Q signals through GAN model; uses t-SNE algorithm to perform dimensionality reduction on both the real and the spoofing-jamming I/Q signal data to visualize their distributions; finally, tests the spoofing-jamming I/Q signals on receiver’s pre-trained classifier. The experimental results show that GAN provides an effective method for generating high-quality spoofing-jamming I/Q signals. &nbsp

Yuan Yuan Ji,1 Man Meng,2 Ye Miao3 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ye MiaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail jiembiyutm2120@163.comObjective: Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic cancer, and no study has been reported on the way through which lncRNA SNHG1, miR-195 and NEK2 jointly affect cervical cancer cells (CCCs), so this paper will explore a new approach to the development of cervical cancer in this respect.Methods: Altogether 72 cervical cancer tissues and 54 adjacent tissues were collected. qPCR was performed to quantify lncRNA SNHG1 and miR-195, whose expression vectors were constructed and then transfected into CCCs, so as to observe their effects on the cells. Western blotting (WB) was carried out to detect protein levels. MTT assay was conducted to detect cell activity. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell was carried out to detect cell invasion and migration.Results: The expression of lncRNA SNHG1 up-regulated while that of miR-195 down-regulated in CCCs. lncRNA SNHG1 regulated NEK2 through its targeted binding to miR-195. The down-regulation of lncRNA SNHG1 or the up-regulation of miR-195 led to the decrease of NEK2 and the reduction of cells’ activity, migration and invasion, also resulting in the increase of cell apoptosis. Rescue experiments showed that the down-regulation of miR-195 could offset the cell changes caused by lncRNA SNHG1.Conclusion: lncRNA SNHG1 promotes the progression of cervical cancer through the miR-195/NEK2 axis, so lncRNA SNHG1, miR-195 and NEK2 may have potential values for diagnosing and treating cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, lncRNA SNGH1, miR-195, NEK2

The diversity of the microbial compositions of the root-zone soil (the rhizosphere-surrounding soil) and root endosphere (all inner root tissues) of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Ginkgo biloba L. were evaluated in Xiong’an New Area using high-throughput sequencing; the influence of the soil edaphic parameters on microbial community compositions was also evaluated. Our results showed that both the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities of the root endosphere were lower than those of the root-zone soil, but the variation in the endosphere microbial community structure was remarkably higher than that of the root-zone soil. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphate, total potassium, ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and pH significantly explained the α-diversity of the bacterial community and that total nitrogen differentially contributed to the α-diversity of the fungal community. Variation partitioning analysis showed that plant species had a greater influence on microbial composition variations than did any other soil property, although soil chemical parameters explained more variation when integrated. Together, our results suggest that both plant species and soil chemical parameters played a critical role in shaping the microbial community composition.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and proportion of laboratory-confirmed urethral Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections that were asymptomatic among individuals presenting to different clinics in Shenzhen and the risk factors related to STI infections in this population.Methods In a cross-sectional study, 8,309 eligible individuals were invited to participate in a questionnaire interview, and urine specimens were collected for identification of CT and NG infections. Corresponding outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.Results Among 7070 participants who completed the questionnaire and provided the urine specimen, 2871 were asymptomatic and included in our analyses: 1120 (39.0%) males and 1751 (61.0%) females. The prevalence of NG and CT was 0.9% and 6.2% among males reporting no symptoms, and 0.4% and 7.9% among females reporting no symptoms, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic urethral CT among males with urethral CT was 28.3%; for females, it was 34.2%. For asymptomatic males with urethral NG/CT, 3 independent risk factors were identified: (1) males under the age of 30 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.84); (2) being employed in the commercial service work (2.69; 1.33-5.45); and (3) being recruited through the urological department (2.18; 1.24-3.83). For asymptomatic females with urethral NG/CT, 2 independent risk factors were identified: (1) females under the age of 30 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.25-2.58); and (2) being recruited through the dermatological department (2.83; 1.46-5.46).Conclusion A substantial prevalence of asymptomatic CT infections was found among males and females presenting to clinics in Shenzhen. The significant correlation between asymptomatic CT infection and these risk factors could help identify high-risk populations and guide screening.

Man Meng,1 Lin Sang,2 Xiangyu Wang3 1Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei City Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei City Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiangyu WangDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15863061517Email wangxiangyu172@163.comPurpose: This study is aimed to investigate the specific regulatory role of S100 calcium binding protein A11 (S100A11) on cervical cancer (CC), and reveal the potential mechanisms relating to Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Patients and methods: The expression of S100A11 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), adjacent non-cancerous, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and normal cervical tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. After transfection of pENTER-S100A11 or sh-S100A11-1/sh-S100A11-2, the viability, cell cycle, migration and invasion of C33A or SiHa cells were detected. The tumor volume and tumor weight were measured after injection of transfected C33A cells into mice. The expression of E-caherin (CDH2), N-caherin (CDH1), β-catenin (CTNNB1), and c-Myc (MYC) in C33A and SiHa cells was detected by Western blot.Results: The expression of S100A11 was significantly higher in CSCC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous, CIN, and normal cervical tissues (P < 0.05). S100A11 expression was positively correlated with the FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis of CSCC patients (P < 0.05). The transfection of pENTER-S100A11 into C33A cells significantly increased the cell viability, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase, the numbers of migratory and invasive cells, as well as the tumor volume and weight in mice (P < 0.05). Overexpression of S100A11 also significantly downregulated E-caherin, and upregulated N-caherin, β-catenin, and c-Myc in C33A cells (P < 0.05). The transfection of sh-S100A11-1/sh-S100A11-2 exhibited the opposite results to that of pENTER-S100A11 on SiHa cells.Conclusion: Overexpression of S100A11 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CC cells, and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Keywords: S100A11, cervical cancer, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, migration, invasion

Vi antigen is the capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi, which can cause typhoid fever. With the increasing threat of antiboitic resistance, vaccination against Salmonella typhi is a preferred way to prevent this disease. Chemical synthesis of fragments of Vi antigen is in urgent need for the development of structure-homogeneous and quality-controlled oligosaccharide vaccines. However, it is extremely challenging to synthesize large oligosaccharide fragments of Vi antigen owing to the exclusive α-1,4-linkage of polyaminogalacturonates. Herein, a series of Vi oligosaccharides ranging from pentamer to octamer were efficiently prepared using 2,3-N,O-oxazolidinone protected glycosides as building blocks based on the preactivation protocol. The heptasaccharide and octasaccharide fragments were synthesized for the first time. The competitive ELISA evaluation suggested that the hexasaccharide might be the minimum epitope of Vi antigen, which provides a significant guidance for the future development of Vi oligosaccharide vaccines.

Cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human worldwide. Aberrant patterns of glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells, which are correlated with various cancer development stages, can differentiate the abnormal tissues from the healthy ones. Therefore, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) represent the desired targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, these carbohydrate antigens may not able to evoke powerful immune response to combat with cancer for their poor immunogenicity and immunotolerance. Different approaches have been developed to address these problems. In this review, we want to summarize the latest advances in TACAs based anticancer vaccines.

Salmonella typhi is responsible for typhoid fever, which is a serious health threat in developing countries. As a virulent factor of Salmonella typhi, the purified Vi polysaccharide (Vi PS) has become an effective vaccine to combat typhoid fever. The chemical synthesis can provide homogeneous and well-defined molecules for the development of Vi-based vaccines. However, the synthesis of Vi oligosaccharides in high yields and with exclusive α-stereoselectivities remains very challenging. In this paper, a series of Vi pseudooligosaccharides, including pseudo tetra-, hexa-, and octa-saccharides were efficiently synthesized. These oligosaccharide analogues were conjugated by carbon chain tether through olefin cross metathesis or by the 1,2,3-triazole moiety through copper (I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). The binding affinities of these oligosaccharide mimics to anti-Vi antibodies were investigated. These results will be beneficial to the further development of Vi-based oligosaccharide vaccines.