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Qiuyi Chen,* Mina Wang,* Feiyu Fu,* Limin Nie, Quan Miao, Luopeng Zhao, Lu Liu, Bin Li Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Li; Lu Liu, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18910781852 ; +86 13520788752, Email libin@bjzhongyi.com; lululalavictor1985@126.comAbstract: Migraine is a common neurological illness that causes a great burden on individuals and society. Many migraine patients seek relief through complementary and alternative therapies, with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often being their preferred choice. Acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, and massage are important components of TCM, and are commonly used in clinical treatment of migraine. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of the three TCM interventions for migraine: acupuncture, herbs, and massage, and how they relieve pain. However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of TCM therapies in treating migraine remain unclear. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress on acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage as TCM approaches for the treatment of migraine. We conducted a comprehensive search of CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases using keywords such as migraine, acupuncture, needle, herbs, herbal, prescription, decoction, massage, Tuina, and TCM, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The literature included in the review was selected based on specified exclusion criteria. We discussed the mechanism of TCM therapies on migraine from the perspective of modern medicine, focusing on changes in inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other relevant biomarkers. TCM can relieve migraine by decreasing neuropeptide levels, inhibiting inflammation, modulating neuronal sensitization, changing brain function and structure, changing blood brain barrier permeability, regulating hormone levels, and relieving muscle tension. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for improving the clinical strategies of TCM for the treatment of migraine.Keywords: traditional Chinese medicine, migraine, acupuncture, herbs, massage, mechanism

Qingyuan Miao,* Rui Zhou,* Xinyang Li, Lize Xiong Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai City, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lize Xiong, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-55603002, Fax +86-21-56660851, Email mzkxlz@126.com; lizexiong@tongji.edu.cnObjective: Postoperative delirium (POD), a common complication affecting short- and long-term prognosis in elderly patients, leads to a heavy burden on social economy and health care. The main purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most frequently cited articles on POD.Methods: “Postoperative delirium” and its synonyms were searched in the Web of Science (WoS) core database. The top-100 cited articles were automatically selected by sorting the records in descending order. Key information such as author, journal, article type, publication year, citations, since 2013 usage count, institution, country, and keywords were extracted and analyzed. VOSviewer software was applied to do the visualization analyses of institution co-operation, author interaction, author co-citation, and keywords co-occurrence. The CiteSpace software was used to analyze keywords burst.Results: Most articles were published by authors and institutions in the United States of America (USA). Inouye was the most influential author of this field. The journals that recorded these articles had a high impact factor (IF), with a highest IF of 168.9 and an average IF of 18.04. Cohort studies were the main document type in this field (42 publications), followed by randomized controlled trial (RCT) and systematic reviews or meta-analysis (18 and 14, respectively). The 10 keywords with the highest appearance were “delirium”, “risk-factors”, “surgery”, “confusion assessment method”, “elderly patients”, “hip fracture”, “intensive care unit”, “cardiac surgery”, “general anesthesia”, and “risk”. Moreover, “double blind” and “cardiac surgery” were the most recent booming keywords.Conclusion: We indicated the current research status and tendency of POD by analyzing the 100 most influential articles on POD. The USA is the leader in this field. Prospective study is the preference for authors to cite. Cardiac surgery remains the primary research carrier and the hotspots in the near future may be double-blind studies.Keywords: bibliometric analysis, postoperative delirium, psychiatry, postoperative cognitive disorder, top-100

Rui Zhou,1,* Wencai Jiang,2,* Qingyuan Miao,1 Xinyang Li,1 Lize Xiong1 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang City, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lize Xiong, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-55603002, Fax +86-21-56660851, Email mzkxlz@126.com; lizexiong@tongji.edu.cnPurpose: Rebound pain after regional anesthesia, a common phenomenon when the analgesic effect wears off, has been recognized in the last a few years. The aim of this study is to analyze the status and tendency of this area in a macroscopic perspective.Methods: Bibliometric analysis is the primary methodology of this study. Literature retrieval was conducted in Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. WoS, Excel, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were employed to do the analyses and visualization. Parameters were analyzed, such as publications, citations, journals, and keywords, etc.Results: In total, 70 articles in the past 10 years were identified eligible. Most articles (14 pieces) were published in 2021, followed by 2022 and 2023 with 13 articles. Researchers come from 134 institutions and 20 countries. Huang Jung-Taek, Hallym College, and USA are the most productive author, institution and country, respectively. The articles were mainly published on the top journals of anesthesiology, orthopedics and surgery. The topic of these articles is primarily about the clinical issues of rebound pain. Peripheral nerve block, brachial plexus block and femoral nerve block are the activist keywords in the area, while perioperative management, fracture surgery and outcome may become hotpots in the next years.Conclusion: Our results show that the study of rebound pain after regional anesthesia starts relatively late and is in upward tendency, future studies can focus on the perioperative management and outcomes of fracture patients, and the definition and mechanism of rebound pain after regional anesthesia.Keywords: regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, rebound pain, bibliometrics

Ying Zhang,&ast; Sainan Liu,&ast; Qi Miao, Xu Zhang, He Wei, Shuang Feng, Xiaofei Li The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaofei Li, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +15940564748, Email lixiaofei0603@aliyun.comPurpose: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) may experience symptoms that increase their fear of progression (FoP), but a dearth of research examines the issue from a patient-centered perspective. Our study aimed to first determine the category of symptom burden, then to explore the differences in characteristics of patients in different subgroups, and finally to analyze the impact of symptom subgroup on FoP.Patients and Methods: Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics, Symptom Experience Scale, and Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form were used. Latent class analysis was used to group KTRs according to the occurrence of symptoms. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the predictors of different subgroups. The differences in FoP among symptom burden subgroups were analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression.Results: Three subgroups were identified, designated all-high (20.5%), moderate (39.9%), and all-low (39.6%) according to their symptom occurrence. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, post-transplant time, per capita monthly income, and hyperuricemia were the factors that distinguished and predicted the all-high subgroup (P < 0.05). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that symptom burden had a significant effect on FoP (class1 vs class3: β = 0.327, P < 0.001; class2 vs class3: β = 0.104, P = 0.046), explaining the 8.0% variance of FoP (ΔR2 = 0.080).Conclusion: KTRs generally experience moderate or low symptom burden, and symptom burden is an influencing factor in FoP. Identifying the traits of KTRs with high symptom burden can help clinicians develop targeted management strategies and ease FoP of KTRs.Keywords: kidney transplant, symptom burden, fear of progression, latent class analysis

IntroductionThe connection between aging and cancer is complex. Previous research has highlighted the association between the aging process of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and the immune response, yet there remains a gap in confirming this through single-cell data validation. Here, we aim to develop a novel aging-related prognostic model for LUAD, and verify the alterations in the genome and immune microenvironment linked to cellular senescence.MethodsWe integrated a comprehensive collection of senescence genes from the GenAge and CellAge databases and employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis to construct and validate a novel prognostic model for LUAD. This model was then utilized to examine the relationship between aging, tumor somatic mutations, and immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we explored the heterogeneity of senescence and intercellular communication within the LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) through single-cell transcriptomic data analysis.ResultsBy exploring the expression profiles of 586 cellular senescence-related genes in 428 LUAD patients, we constructed an aging-related genes (ARGs) risk model included 10 ARGs and validated it as an independent prognostic predictor for LUAD patients. Notably, patients with low aging scores (LAS group) exhibited better survival, lower tumor mutation burden (TMB), lower somatic mutation frequency, lower tumor proliferation rate, and an immune activated phenotype compared to patients with high aging scores (HAS group). While the HAS group was enriched in tumor cells and showed a lower infiltration of CD8-CCR7, CD8- CXCL13, CD8-GNLY, FCGR3A NK cells, XCL1 NK cells, plasma cell (PC) and other immune subsets. Furthermore, the SPP1 and TENASCIN pathways, associated with tumor immune escape and tumor progression, were also enriched in the HAS group. Additionally, our study also indicated that senescence levels were heterogeneous in the LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME), especially with tumor cells in the LAS group showing higher age scores compared to those in the HAS group.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings underscore that ARRS through ARGs serves as a robust biomarker for the prognosis in LUAD.

Sainan Liu,1,&ast; Ying Zhang,1,&ast; Qi Miao,1 Xu Zhang,1 Xiaoyu Jiang,1 Tiantian Chang,1 Xiaofei Li2 1The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China; 2Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaofei Li, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15940564748, Email lixiaofei0603@aliyun.comPurpose: To explore the mechanism of social support and fear of progression (FoP) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and the self-perceived burden that acts as a mediator between social support and FoP.Patients and Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), and the Fear of Progression-Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) were used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediating role of self-perceived burden.Results: Our results showed that social support was negatively related to the self-perceived burden (r = − 0.28, p < 0.001) and FoP (r = − 0.37, p < 0.001). Moreover, we determined that self-perceived burden was positively related to FoP (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and that the indirect effect of social support on FoP via self-perceived burden was significant (β = − 0.172, 95% CI: − 0.253, − 0.097), and with a mediating effect value of 36.9%.Conclusion: The FoP in RTRs is a concern. Higher social support and lower self-perceived burden can reduce the risk of FoP. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should assist RTRs in correctly evaluating an individual’s social support system, helping them optimize social support to reduce the self-perceived burden and the development of FoP.Keywords: social support, self-perceived burden, fear of progression, renal transplantation

Bing-jie Huang,1– 4 Yong Wang,1– 4 Qi Miao,1– 4 Xin Yu,1– 4 Cheng-cheng Pu,1– 4 Chuan Shi1– 4 1Clinical Research Department, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), , Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Cheng-cheng Pu; Chuan Shi Email pciami@163.com; shichuan@bjmu.edu.cnPurpose: The Negative Symptom Assessment-16 (NSA-16) is an instrument with significant validity and utility for assessing negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the NSA-16.Patients and Methods: A total of 172 participants with schizophrenia were assessed with the NSA-16, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects (RSESE). The factor structure of the NSA-16 was evaluated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficients were computed. Correlations were evaluated via Spearman correlation coefficient.Results: The original five-factor model of the NSA-16 did not fit our sample. Exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure, consisting of communication, emotion and motivation, with 15 items. The NSA with 15 items was termed as the NSA-15. The NSA-15 showed excellent convergent validity by high correlations with the SANS and PANSS total and negative factor scores and good divergent validity by independence from the PANSS positive factor, CDSS and RSESE. The NSA-15 showed good internal consistency, interrater reliability and test–retest reliability.Conclusion: The NSA-15 is best characterized by a three-factor structure and is valid for assessing negative symptoms of schizophrenia in Chinese individuals.Keywords: negative symptoms, schizophrenia, NSA, reliability, validity

In this paper, the copperized layerwas fabricated on the surface of Q235 steel via double glow plasma surface alloying technology to improve the marine fouling organisms attached on the surface of marine structures. The microstructure and phases composition of the coating were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The corrosion characteristics of substrate and coating were investigated in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution.The results indicated that the protective coating had a novel structure of an outermost deposition layer (85μm) and inner diffusion layer (51 μm), which exhibited great adhesion stress because of the metallurgical bonding effects. The corrosion characteristics of substrate and coating were analyzed in detail. The corrosion products of Q235 steel were mainly β-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, and α-FeOOH in the early stage of corrosion process. Then the whisker-like structure of α-FeOOH grew on the surface of γ-FeOOH and the β-FeOOH transformed into γ-FeOOH to achieve thermodynamical equilibrium. The dissolved copper ions in solution resulted in a unique difference in the formation of corrosion products, which inhibited the transition of iron hydroxide and promoted the formation of amorphous phases. Based on electrochemical measurement, the coating hadlower corrosion current density and higher charge transfer resistance than substrate. The corrosion resistance of copperized layer wasbetter than that of Q235 steel.

Pin Gao,1 Lili You,2 Di Wu,1 Aiping Shi,1 Qing Miao,3 Ujala Rana,4 Dustin Paul Martin,3 Ye Du,1 Gang Zhao,1 Bing Han,1 Chao Zheng,5 Zhimin Fan1 1Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; 3Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 4Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 5Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China Background: Postoperative endocrine therapy is known to reduce recurrence and mortality in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)- or progestogen receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer. Correlates and determinants of compliance with endocrine therapy among Chinese patients with breast cancer are not known. The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and adherence of endocrine therapy in China and suggest effective improvements on the adherence. Patients and methods: We analyzed the survival of 1,110 patients eligible for endocrine therapy and adherence of 699 patients to endocrine therapy. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate survival, and logistic regression models were used to assess variables associated with treatment adherence. Results: Long-term endocrine therapy was associated with lower recurrence rate (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.56–0.93; p=0.013). Adherence to endocrine therapy was only 63.1%. Sociodemographic characteristics of patients, clinical- and medication-related characteristics and patients’ attitudes were associated with adherence to endocrine therapy. Conclusion: Adherence to endocrine therapy in Chinese patients with ER+/PR+ breast cancer was

Precipitation downscaling is widely employed for enhancing the resolution and accuracy of precipitation products from general circulation models (GCMs). In this study, we propose a novel statistical downscaling method to foster GCMs' precipitation prediction resolution and accuracy for the monsoon region. We develop a deep neural network composed of a convolution and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent module to estimate precipitation based on well-resolved atmospheric dynamical fields. The proposed model is compared against the GCM precipitation product and classical downscaling methods in the Xiangjiang River Basin in South China. Results show considerable improvement compared to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)-Interim reanalysis precipitation. Also, the model outperforms benchmark downscaling approaches, including (1) quantile mapping, (2) the support vector machine, and (3) the convolutional neural network. To test the robustness of the model and its applicability in practical forecasting, we apply the trained network for precipitation prediction forced by retrospective forecasts from the ECMWF model. Compared to the ECMWF precipitation forecast, our model makes better use of the resolved dynamical field for more accurate precipitation prediction at lead times from 1 day up to 2 weeks. This superiority decreases with the forecast lead time, as the GCM's skill in predicting atmospheric dynamics is diminished by the chaotic effect. Finally, we build a distributed hydrological model and force it with different sources of precipitation inputs. Hydrological simulation forced with the neural network precipitation estimation shows significant advantage over simulation forced with the original ERA-Interim precipitation (with NSE value increases from 0.06 to 0.64), and the performance is only slightly worse than the observed precipitation forced simulation (NSE = 0.82). This further proves the value of the proposed downscaling method, and suggests its potential for hydrological forecasts.

Multiple genetic variants influence the risk for development of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). To explore the cumulative effects of known susceptibility loci on risk, we utilized a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) to evaluate whether genetic information can predict susceptibility. The wGRS was created using 26 known susceptibility loci and investigated in 1840 UK PBC and 5164 controls. Our data indicate that the wGRS was significantly different between PBC and controls (P=1.61E-142). Moreover, we assessed predictive performance of wGRS on disease status by calculating the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. The area under curve for the purely genetic model was 0.72 and for gender plus genetic model was 0.82, with confidence limits substantially above random predictions. The risk of PBC using logistic regression was estimated after dividing individuals into quartiles. Individuals in the highest disclosed risk group demonstrated a substantially increased risk for PBC compared with the lowest risk group (odds ratio: 9.3, P=1.91E-084). Finally, we validated our findings in an analysis of an Italian PBC cohort. Our data suggested that the wGRS, utilizing genetic variants, was significantly associated with increased risk for PBC with consistent discriminant ability. Our study is a first step toward risk prediction for PBC.

Abstract This study aims to summarize the influence of different definitions of unintentional burns on the prevalence and risk factors in rural children. A total of 3548 children living in rural areas were recruited from 12 schools, and questionnaires were used to collect self-reported burn data and related influencing factors in the past 12 months. Burn incidence and risk factors were compared based on two operational burn definitions (“1996 Definition of Burn-related Injury, 1996-DBI” and “2011 Definition of Burn-related Injury, 2011-DBI”). Based on the 1996-DBI, the unintentional burn prevalence was 5.92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.14–6.70%), which was higher than the 2.23% ([95% CI] 1.74–2.71%) that was calculated using the 2011-DBI (χ2 = 61.90, P

Abstract Background Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that often overlaps clinically with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), presenting challenges in accurate diagnosis and underscoring the need for novel biomarkers. Lipidomic emerges as a promising avenue for uncovering disease-specific metabolic alterations and potential biomarkers, particularly as the lipidomics landscape of DLB has not been previously explored. We aim to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and elucidate the disease's pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods This study conducted a lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from patients with DLB, AD, and healthy controls (HCs) at Xuanwu Hospital. Untargeted plasma lipidomic profiling was conducted via liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Machine learning methods were employed to discern lipidomic signatures specific to DLB and to differentiate it from AD. Results The study enrolled 159 participants, including 57 with AD, 48 with DLB, and 54 HCs. Significant differences in lipid profiles were observed between the DLB and HC groups, particularly in the classes of sphingolipids and phospholipids. A total of 55 differentially expressed lipid species were identified between DLB and HCs, and 17 between DLB and AD. Correlations were observed linking these lipidomic profiles to clinical parameters like Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) and cognitive scores. Machine learning models demonstrated to be highly effective in distinguishing DLB from both HCs and AD, achieving substantial accuracy through the utilization of specific lipidomic signatures. These include PC(15:0_18:2), PC(15:0_20:5), and SPH(d16:0) for differentiation between DLB and HCs; and a panel includes 13 lipid molecules: four PCs, two PEs, three SPHs, two Cers, and two Hex1Cers for distinguishing DLB from AD. Conclusions This study presents a novel and comprehensive lipidomic profile of DLB, distinguishing it from AD and HCs. Predominantly, sphingolipids (e.g., ceramides and SPHs) and phospholipids (e.g., PE and PC) were the most dysregulated lipids in relation to DLB patients. The lipidomics panels identified through machine learning may serve as effective plasma biomarkers for diagnosing DLB and differentiating it from AD dementia.

Objective To report a case of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis type 7, and to discuss the mutations of LIPH gene in this family. Methods The clinical data of the case were collected. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patient and her parents. The high-throughput sequencing method was used to detect the sequence mutations of each exon in the coding region of all genes, and the gene mutation sites were determined. The mutant genes were verified by PCR-Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results The patient had a compound heterozygous mutations of LIPH gene c.409C>T (p.Gln137*) in exon 2 and c.742C>A (p.His248Asn) in exon 6, which were from the patient's father and mother, respectively. c.409C>T (p.Gln137*) had not been reported before. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the 137th Gln sequence and 248th His sequence of LIPH protein were highly conserved in multiple species. The structures of the corresponding proteins were altered after the mutation of the two sites compared to wild-type proteins, and the two mutations were suspected to be pathogenic mutations according to ACMG guidelines. Conclusion The compound heterozygous mutations of LIPH gene c.409C>T (p.Gln137*) in exon 2 and c.742C>A (p.His248Asn) in exon 6 are the cause of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis type 7 in this case.

Cigarette draw resistance and filter pressure drop are both critical physical indicators for the tobacco industry, which use testing equipment to measure the two parameters. Pressure drop standards are used as transfer standards to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the testing equipment. Pressure drop standards are generally cylindrical rods having a certain number of parallel capillaries. To address the issue of how to design and fabricate pressure drop standards quickly and conveniently, this paper proposes a design method for pressure drop standards based on structural parameters. The method uses a mathematical model of the internal airflow of the standard including the entrance effect into a circular capillary and uses an iterative calculation algorithm accordingly. By iterative calculation, the structural parameters of the pressure drop standard, namely, diameter and length of the capillaries, were obtained, along with the relationship between the draw resistance of the standard and the flow rate in each capillary. The accuracy of the mathematical model was validated by comparing and analyzing the experimental and theoretical draw resistance of standards with different structural parameters. The experimental results showed that the relative error between the measured draw resistance and the calculated draw resistance was below 8%, which proves the reliability and validity of the mathematical model, and provides theoretical support for the design and fabrication of pressure drop standards.

Objectives To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics and occurrence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in patients with traumatic fractures, we sought to analyze the factors that influence the prognosis of a length of hospital stay (LOS) and provide valuable insights to prevent PTSS in fracture patients and improve their prognosis. Methods Inpatients with traumatic fractures were recruited from a third-class comprehensive general hospital in southwest China between November 2019 and October 2020. Case data of traumatic fracture patients were collected, and a questionnaire that included general information and basic fracture details was completed. The post-traumatic stress disorder Self-rating Scale was used to assess PTSS among the fracture inpatients. Results A total of 204 inpatients who experienced traumatic fractures were included in this study. Falls accounted for the largest proportion of traumatic fractures. A Cox's regression analysis revealed that serious injury [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.33–4.46], critical illness during hospitalization (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.13–2.54), and undergoing two surgeries (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20–2.93) were risk factors for longer LOS. Among the fracture patients, 30.39% exhibited positive PTSD symptoms, and physical activity during the fracture [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.88] and increased pain (OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.82–6.11) were identified as influencing factors. Conclusions Given the high detection rate of PTSS following traumatic fractures, it is crucial for relevant departments to implement targeted measures to protect high risk individuals. Furthermore, strengthening the care provided to the patients' physical and mental health is urgently needed to reduce the incidence of PTSS.

Earth is a combination of material and energy. The evolution of Earth and planets is a history of the transfer of matter and energy. Materials science is codified into physics and chemistry, while mathematics is the language that describes the law of nature, which belongs to the field of thermodynamics. Significance Thus, thermodynamics, consisting of physics, chemistry and mathematics, can unravel the principles of earth materials. Since the middle of the 19th century, Kelvin used thermodynamic theory to calculate the age of the Earth, and thermodynamics has been applied in the field of earth science for more than 100 years, which has provided a vital theoretical framework for understanding the planet's formation and evolution. Its application revolutionized the development of earth science. Progress In the past 20 years, with the development of physics, chemistry and computer science, the application and development of classical thermodynamics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics in earth matter science have further improved and become the fundamental principal system of earth material research. The thermodynamics of earth have been studied to determine the structure, dynamics and evolution of earth by studying the formation and evolution of earth materials. Thermodynamics links geophysics, geochemistry and geology. However, new thermodynamic models, databases, and methods for teaching and learning about thermodynamics in earth science need to be developed. Conclusions and Prospects It is foreseeable that understanding the earth and its evolution from the perspective of thermodynamics will be a permanent issue. Thermodynamics will exert its power in unknown fields such as planetary science, earth's internal evolution as well as earth systems science, driving people to make new observations and theories about nature.

Objective To summarize the experience of nursing care of patients with severe alopecia areata treated with topical diphenylcyclopropenone. Methods Seventeen patients with severe alopecia areata treated with topical diphenylcyclopropenone were enrolled. Before the treatment, self-protection was given to the therapist and informed consent was given to the patients. During the treatment, the principles of procedure and drug dosages were strictly followed. After the treatment, WeChat APP was used in the follow-up management of patients. This management included one-to-one evaluation of and consultation on efficacy, adverse reactions, diet and psychology. Results Seventeen patients completed the 16-week treatments, with an effective rate of 58.82%. The adverse reactions were mild and controllable. The therapists did not experience any adverse reactions such as allergic reactions. Conclusion In the treatment of severe alopecia areata with topical diphenylcyclopropenone, appropriate pre-operative preparation and post-operative care can effectively improve the patient's compliance and the therapeutic efficacy.

【Objective】 Soil water is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing plant growth in arid areas. This paper aims to develop an optimal drip irrigation schedule for alfalfa production in desert farmlands in Northwestern China. 【Method】 The study was based on the HYDRUS-1D model . It compared four irrigation schedules: intensive irrigation (LH-I), moderate intensity irrigation (MH-I), and low intensity irrigation (SM-I). Without irrigation was the control (CK). Each irrigation schedule was associated with five initial volumetric water contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer: 4% (S1), 6% (S2), 8% (S3), 10% (S4) and 12% (S5). Overall, there were 20 combinations. In the simulation for each treatment, we “measured” the time for soil water in the root zone to reach the wilting point, as well as the soil water content at the wilting point. We also measured the time-period during which the soil water content in the root zone remained above the wilting point. These enabled us to find the optimal irrigation schedule. 【Result】 The effect of SM-I and CK on the above criteria was more sensitive to change in the initial soil water content in the top 0-20 cm of soil. The plant roots were able to take up water even without irrigation when the initial soil water content in the 0-20 cm of soil was greater than10%. When the initial soil water content was less than 20%, the majority of irrigated water in the LH-I treatment remained in the topsoil. With an appropriate initial moisture content, the topsoil had a positive effect on retaining the irrigation water from MH-I in the root zone. The retention time of water in the root zone was positively correlated with the topsoil water content in SM-I. The water content in the deep soil was greater in LH-I irrigation than in other treatments. Soil water content remained above the withering point for 5.7 days in MH-I, the longest among all treatments. 【Conclusion】 When initial volumetric water content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was less than 4%, LH-I was optimal, when the initial topsoil water content was higher than 4%, MH-I worked the best.

Objective: This study aimed to explore andrographolide’s mechanism of action and its protective effect on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Materials and Methods: A mice animal model for NIHL was established through exposure to broadband noise at 120 dB sound pressure level for 4 h. Transcriptomics analysis and pharmacodynamic experiments were carried out. Results: Andrographolide enters the inner ear and effectively prevents hearing damage following noise exposure in the mice model for permanent hearing loss. Moreover, treatment with andrographolide inhibited the excessive activation of inflammatory factors in the cochleae of noise-exposed mice. Conclusion: Andrographolide might be a promising candidate for auditory protective drug investigation.

Abstract Background Vascular dysfunction was recently reported to be involved in the pathophysiological process of neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in sporadic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically explore vascular dysfunction, including changes in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and peripheral vascular markers in bvFTD. Methods Thirty-two patients with bvFTD who with no vascular risk factors were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and assessed using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MRI) imaging, peripheral plasma vascular/inflammation markers, and neuropsychological examinations. Group differences were tested using Student’s t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. A partial correlation analysis was implemented to explore the association between peripheral vascular markers, neuroimaging, and clinical measures. Results WMH was mainly distributed in anterior brain regions. All peripheral vascular factors including matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, osteopontin, and pentraxin-3 were increased in the bvFTD group. WMH was associated with the peripheral vascular factor pentraxin-3. The plasma level of MMP-1 was negatively correlated with the gray matter metabolism of the frontal, temporal, insula, and basal ganglia brain regions. The WMHs in the frontal and limbic lobes were associated with plasma inflammation markers, disease severity, executive function, and behavior abnormality. Peripheral vascular markers were associated with the plasma inflammation markers. Conclusions WMHs and abnormalities in peripheral vascular markers were found in patients with bvFTD. These were found to be associated with the disease-specific pattern of neurodegeneration, indicating that vascular dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of bvFTD. This warrants further confirmation by postmortem autopsy. Targeting the vascular pathway might be a promising approach for potential therapy.

Artemisia japonica Thunb is an important perennial herb containing abundant chemical compounds utilized in conventional medicine for the treatment of malaria, hepatitis, hypertension, and inflammation. The protoplasts-based transient transformation system is a versatile and convenient tool for functional gene analysis in several Artemisia species. However, effective protoplast preparation and transformation systems are still lacking for A. japonica. We developed an efficient protoplast-based transformation system by optimizing conditions of protoplasts isolation and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation in A. japonica. The optimum conditions for the protoplast preparation were: the enzyme solution containing 1.75% (m/v) cellulase R10, 0.5% (m/v) macerozyme R-10, and 0.4 M D-mannitol with proper leaves treatment and pre-plasmolysis treatment. The maximum protoplast yield was 1.93 × 106 protoplasts g-1(FM) and the viability of protoplasts was approximately 87.5% under optimized conditions using an orthogonal experiment. Furthermore, the transient protoplast transformation efficiency was 47.86% in A. japonica protoplast under the conditions of 40% (m/v) PEG 4000 for 20 min. The establishment of A. japonica protoplasts isolation and transient transformation system can accelerate the gene function studies of A. japonica and provide a fast and simple gene expression platform for molecular, biochemical, and functional gene characterization for other Artemisia species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]