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Infections with bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp affect both humans and animals. These bacteria have acquired resistance to conventional antibiotics, which makes their treatment difficult and poses a health risk. For this reason, other natural options are being investigated to combat them, such as plant extracts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts for the control of pathogenic bacteria of medical relevance. As a methodology, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were used, following the methods described by Duquense et al., 2015 and NOM-110-SSA1-1994. And to prepare the methanolic extracts, plant samples such as clove (Syzygium aromaticum), garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), mint (Mentha spicata), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), stafiate (Artemisia ludoviciana) and berries such as strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius), purchased in popular markets in Reynosa Tamaulipas. The result of the antibiotic tests showed that the most effective methanolic extract was that of clove, followed by the methanolic extract of garlic. Therefore, these plant extracts could be an option for the control of medically relevant pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los plásticos constituyen uno de los principales problemas de contaminación ambiental por su manejo y disposición inadecuada, generando así amenazas e impactos negativos en el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la biodegradabilidad de polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) con hongos del género Aspergillus sp., en suelo, durante dos periodos de tiempo (30 y 60 días) y dos calibres (0,45 mm y 0,90 mm). Las cepas usadas fueron Aspergillus níger, Aspergillus fumigatus y Aspergillus flavus, de manera individual y combinada, a una concentración de 1x107 esporas/mL, inoculando en macetas con 100 g de suelo estéril y muestras de LDPE de 4 cm2 y 25 cm2, según diseño experimental. Los resultados revelaron que la mayor degradación del LDPE se alcanzó con el calibre de 0,45 mm y una muestra de 25 cm2, cuando se empleó el consorcio de los tres hongos, obteniendo una tasa de degradación del 18,45 %, en comparación con la muestra de 4 cm2, la cual registró un valor de 16,10 % de degradación, ambas en 60 días. En el caso del calibre de 0,90 mm y una muestra de 25 cm2, el mismo consorcio de A. niger + A. fumigatus + A. flavus demostró la máxima degradación con un valor del 0,34 % en 60 días. Por lo anterior, los hongos del género Aspergillus sp. muestran un potencial para degradar plásticos en suelo, y son una alternativa biotecnológica que puede contrarrestar el efecto medioambiental producido por el inadecuado manejo de los residuos plásticos.

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Las tasas de infección periprotésica, a veces, son subestimadas, ya que muchos casos de presunta falla aséptica pueden deberse a una infección no reconocida. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) estimar la prevalencia de cultivos positivos intraoperatorios inesperados, 2) determinar si las comorbilidades o los factores de riesgo de los pacientes tuvieron relación con la presencia de cultivos positivos inesperados, 3) determinar la supervivencia del implante en un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional. En las historias clínicas electrónicas, se identificaron todas las revisiones de artroplastia total de cadera de una única institución entre 2014 y 2021. Resultados: De las 49 revisiones de artroplastia total de cadera en un tiempo, 9 pacientes (18,4%) tuvieron un resultado positivo inesperado. Los microorganismos aislados fueron: Staphylococcus aureus (3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1), Streptococcus epidermidis (1). Ninguna comorbilidad tuvo significancia estadística para favorecer cultivos positivos inesperados en las revisiones asépticas. El 2% de la muestra, con un período de seguimiento de 49 meses, se reinfectó. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio arrojó una prevalencia de cultivos positivos inesperados del 18,4%. Ninguno de los factores de riesgo reportados en la bibliografía se asoció con un mayor riesgo de cultivos positivos inesperados, excepto los niveles altos de velocidad de sedimentación glomerular. Nuestros hallazgos son compatibles con los publicados y sugieren que los cultivos positivos inesperados en revisiones presumiblemente asépticas no tienen consecuencias significativas en la supervivencia del implante.

En el mundo se producen 7,5 millones de toneladas de chocolate, y el 64 % se consume como chocolate relleno. En el año 2012, la Unión Europea indico los niveles de cadmio no debían superar los 0,8 mg kg-1 en productos con una base de pasta de cacao del 70 %. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de Rhizobium japonicum en la disminución de cadmio presente en semillas de cacao. Por lo cual, se aplicó tres concentraciones de Rhizobium japonicum 0 ml, 300 ml y 600 ml por cada dos kilos de masa fresca de cacao variedad Trinitario, para la fermentación se aplicó dos métodos por Rohan y hieleras en dos fincas (Los Ríos y Guayas). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al Azar Trifactorial (12 tratamientos y 2 repeticiones), evaluándose 24 semillas en total, las variables de calidad en la semilla evaluadas fueron: pH, temperatura, porcentaje de fermentación, índice de semilla, prueba de testa y cotiledón. El análisis sensorial se determinó mediante un panel de catadores semientrenados, para el análisis de cadmio se realizó con digestión ácido nitro perclórica por espectrometría de ICP OES. Durante la fermentación existió un aumento creciente del pH (3,6 - 4,2), temperatura (27 - 40,2 °C), el índice de semilla presentó el mayor promedio en el T5 (1,65 g), el contenido de cadmio disminuyó en un 79 %, por el método de fermentación en hieleras en la provincia de Los Ríos y un 78 %, por el método de fermentación en cajas Rohan en la provincia del Guayas.

The work was carried out in the property the producing Juan Carlos Perseverance Rivera Daissón belonging to the CCS Fran Country García located in the kilometer 15 of the highway Guantánamo-Yateras municipality Manuel Tames, with the objective of evaluating the answer of papaya plántulas (Carica papaya L.) before application of alternative biofertilizadoras. For they were used it the bioproductos azotobacter, efficient microorganism, fosforina and production witness. Being evaluated height of the plants, grosor of the shaft, number of leaves, in five moments, also the fresh mass and the dry mass (air and radical) to the moment of the trasplante. El experiment it was mounted on a floor brown sialítico, a totally randomized design was used. Where the best vegetable answer was the varying number 4 (fosforina) this alone one obtained 40 days in comparison with the rest of postures that delayed 55 days to the transplant, being obtained revenues of $25020, considering the I implement of the fosforina a promissory alternative for the production of papaya postures under similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La inclusión de probiótico hidrolizado (PHZ) en la dieta puede contribuir al rendimiento y la salud de las cerdas y los lechones. Este estudio consistió en evaluar la actividad del PHZ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) como respuesta productiva en cerdas lactantes de la línea genética PIC. Se seleccionaron 48 hembras entre 1 a 6 partos, distribuidas en tres grupos de 16 animales, que, a partir de los 85 días de gestación hasta el destete, recibieron 0; 3 y 6 gramos (g) de PHZ, respectivamente. Los tratamientos (T) se organizaron en un diseño en bloques completamente al azar con el T de cultivo de levadura como efecto principal y número de parto con factor de bloqueo. Se recolectó calostro, para el análisis de composición. Los datos se analizaron por medio de un ANAVA y prueba de LSD de Fischer. Los resultados obtenidos infieren un efecto significativo (P

El uso de Trichoderma spp en la agricultura orgánica es importante debido a su amplio modo de acción que incluye: la segregación de metabolitos secundarios que inducen la producción de fitoalexinas en las plantas y su capacidad antagonista, además la antibiosis que causan la degradación de las paredes celulares de otros patógenos inhibiendo su desarrollo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de cuatro cepas de Trichoderma spp sobre parámetros morfológicos y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz bajo condiciones de campo. La investigación se realizó en la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, granja experimental “Santa Inés”. Se usó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar, se evaluaron 90 plantas por tratamiento, 4 tratamientos, 3 dosis, 3 repeticiones por dosis, 10 plantas por repetición en las variables anteriormente mencionadas, los tratamientos fueron: T1: Trichoderma asperellum; T2: Trichoderma melanomagnum; T3: Trichoderma spirale; T4: Trichoderma reesei en tres dosis. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las variables que presentaron diferencias estadísticas fueron: altura de planta con T. spirale obtuvo 239,630 cm, número de hojas arriba de la mazorca en T. melanomagnum y T. spirale fueron mayores con 7,060 y 7,130 respectivamente, longitud de mazorca en T. melanomagnum con 13,687 cm, diámetro de la mazorca posee valores similares con las cuatro cepas, peso de semilla con T. melanomagnum obtuvo 59,410 g y humedad de semilla en T. asperellum con 26,933%. Se concluye que las cepas T. asperellum y T. melanomagnum con las dosis x1010 y x1011 UFC obtuvieron los mejores rendimientos.

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se explican algunos aspectos de los microorganismos y demás entes (virus), así como su importancia en algunas áreas de la industria (biotecnología). Se usaron las estructuras, hábitats e interacciones. A partir de los elementos desarrollados se tendrá un acercamiento de las características de estos microseres y demás agentes infecciosos (virus), así como la manera en que nuestra vida puede coexistir con ellos. Conocer nuestro entorno permite acercarnos a la realidad en la que actualmente estamos y comprender que hay microseres y otros entes que no vemos pero con los que cotidianamente convivimos de tal manera que al preguntarnos “quién nos acompaña” nuestra respuesta tenga inmersa a los organismos que no percibimos por nuestros sentidos.

En este trabajo se presentan los hábitos de higiene y el conocimiento que tiene un conjunto de 69 alumnos de Educación Infantil (4-6 años) sobre microorganismos y se analiza la posible influencia sobre ellos de dos propuestas didácticas diferentes (tradicional –grupo control- y con indagación –grupo experimental-). La información se obtuvo en tres momentos diferentes -pre-intervención didáctica, post intervención y dos meses después-, mediante dibujos de los niños, un cuestionario aplicado oral e individualmente con preguntas cerradas y abiertas y un cuestionario dirigido a las familias. Se detectan indicios de que el alumnado reconoce a los microorganismos como seres vivos. Tras la intervención no se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo experimental y el control. Dos meses después se observa una mejora en el grupo control respecto a algunos hábitos de higiene y en el grupo experimental se recuerda el proceso de indagación con placas de Petri. Estos resultados abren nuevos interrogantes.

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work seeks to explain some aspects of microorganisms and other entities (viruses). To accomplish this, we write about their structure, habitat, and interactions. As well as to mention their importance in some areas of the industry (biotechnology). In the end, we will have an approach with micro-beings and other infectious agents (viruses), as well as the way in which our life can coexist with them. Knowing the surrounding world, allows us to be more conscious with the reality we are currently living. It also helps to understand we are surrounded by micro-beings and other entities. Once we realize we are not alone, it is easy to answer the following question: Who coexists with us? Our response must include organisms we do not perceive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el arte contemporáneo, es posible vislumbrar múltiples manifestaciones creativas en donde la piel posee un rol como punto central de la obra. En el bioarte, la piel se convierte en una herramienta de representación que permite generar nuevos significados y valores interpretativos. El presente trabajo versa sobre los resultados de una experimentación con el microorganismo “Medusomyces gisevi”, modificando sus condiciones físicas y químicas para conseguir una materia prima que permite representar la piel, dentro de propuestas artísticas basadas en las huellas que el dolor y el sufrimiento pueden dejar en los seres humanos.

The hygiene habits and the knowledge that a group of 69 students of Early Childhood Education (4-6 years old) have about microorganisms is presented in this work. The possible influence on them of two different didactic proposals (traditional -control group- and inquiry-based learning -experimental group-) is analysed. The information was obtained at three different moments -pre didactic intervention, post intervention and two months later-. The used tolls were children's drawings, an oral and individually applied questionnaire with closed and open questions and a questionnaire addressed to the families. Indications are detected that the students recognize the microorganisms as living beings. After the intervention, no statistically significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups. Two months later an improvement was observed in the control group with respect to some hygiene habits and in the experimental group the process of investigation with petri dishes was recalled. These results open new research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pneumonia associated with the mechanical ventilation is an infection that is related to the sanitary cares. Objective: To characterize clinical and epidemiologically children and adolescents with pneumonia associated with the mechanical ventilation, according to selected variables. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 36 patients with pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation admitted in the Intensive Cares Unit of Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Northern Children Hospital; was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2017 to December, 2018. Results: There was a prevalence of the patients under 5 years (80.6 %), the male sex (66.7 %), the long lasting mechanical ventilation (69.4 %) and pneumonias associated with the ventilation of late appearance related to mortality. The most frequent microorganisms were the Gram negative. The combination of cephalosporins and vancomycin were the most used. Conclusions: The clinical course of the patients depended on the time of beginning, the predominant microorganism and the antimicrobial treatment used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La planta Lippia origanoides ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido al efecto antimicrobiano y antifúngico que poseen sus extractos y aceites esenciales, los cuales han sido probados contra un gran número de microorganismos patógenos. Sin embargo, es escasa la literatura que registra la diversidad de bacterias endófitas asociadas a esta especie de plantas. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar in vitro la capacidad de promoción de crecimiento vegetal de bacterias endófitas de Lippia origanoides en el municipio de Sincelejo-Sucre, Colombia. En este estudio se aislaron bacterias endófitas en medio de cultivo agar R2A a partir de diferentes tejidos, se evaluó la densidad poblacional (UFC/g de tejido) por conteo en superficie y la promoción de crecimiento vegetal de forma cualitativa en medios selectivos específicos. Se observaron diferencias significativas para la densidad poblacional de bacterias endófitas respecto al tipo de tejido, con mayores valores en la raíz (2,0 x 1010/g raíz), seguido del tallo (1,3 x 1010/g tallo) y hojas (9,2 x 109/g hoja). Se obtuvieron un total de 20 bacterias endófitas, los cuales dos mostraron capacidad solubilizadora de fosfato, fijación biológica de nitrógeno, producción de sideróforos y ACC desaminasa. Los morfotipos TLO5 y RLO4 fueron identificados molecularmente como Bacillus cereus, mostrando buenos resultados de promoción de crecimiento vegetal.

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with neonatal sepsis of the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study in newborn patients admitted with neonatal sepsis diagnosis to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of this hospital, during the period from May 2017 to August 2018, the clinical data in medical records department of the institution were used. Results: Out of the 7240 newborns, 160 were admitted with neonatal sepsis diagnosis to the NICU, evidencing an accumulated incidence of 2.2% in 15 months. There was a male predominance (80%; n=128), with birth weight >2500 grams (73.1%; n=117). The majority had 37 weeks of gestation or more (86.9%; n=139), caesarean section was the most common route of birth (60%; n=96), as well as <3 prenatal outpatient visits (75%; n=120), premature membrane rupture was 45% (n=72), and urinary tract infection in 60% (n=96) of the cases. The main microorganisms, isolated in blood cultures, were the group B streptococcus (65.2%; n=104), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.9%; n=26). Conclusion: This analysis shows an important incidence of neonatal sepsis in our region, especially in male neonates and in those with mothers with premature membrane rupture and / or urinary tract infection, it is worth highlighting the high percentage of normal-weight and normal term pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the cytological analysis of fecal mucus in infants under 5 years old from the Hospital del Niño "Francisco Icaza Bustamante", Ecuador. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive and retrospective study in infants under 5 years old with diagnosis of dysentery evaluated in the emergency service of the Hospital del Niño "Francisco Icaza Bustamante", Ecuador during the period between June 2017 and June 2018. Cytological data from the health center's Bioanalysis Department were used. Results: A total of 2450 fecal mucus samples were analyzed, of which 914 were positive with a predominance of bacterial cytological findings (48.5%; n=443), followed by metabolic/allergic (31.7%; n=290), and viral ones (19.8%; n=181).Conclusion: There is a predominance of bacterial etiology in the analysis of fecal mucus in children under 5 years old with dysentery treated at Hospital del Niño "Francisco Icaza Bustamante", Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionalbacterialidentification methods are based on morphological evaluation of the microorganisms and their ability to grow in various media under different conditions. Depending on the type of bacteria, the identification process may take at least 1 day but generally takes much longer. Bacterial detection methods have to be rapid and very sensitive because even a single pathogenic organism may be an infectious dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the presence of vaginitis and the bacterial load associated with different intravaginal implants in ewes. Twenty-four Dorper and crossbred ewes were allocated into three groups and received intravaginal implant containing 0.3g progesterone (CIDR(r)), 60mg MAP or sponges without progesterone (CONTROL) for six days. Then, CIDR and MAP treated-ewes received 12.5mg dinoprost and 300IU eCG. Vaginal mucus samples were collected at four times: before device insertion, at the day of its removal, 24 and 48 hours after. The samples were cultured and the colonies were counted (CFU/mL) and identified. The results obtained from the counting of CFU mL-1 were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis H test, with P0.05) in comparison with MAP and CIDR-treated ewes. During the occurrence of vaginitis, the predominant isolates belonged to the coliform group, mainly Escherichia coli (72.7%). Such infection was not determined by the members of the vaginal microbiota that were present before implant insertion and normal microbiota was restored between 24 to 48 hours after insert removal.

Una alternativa para sustituir el uso excesivo de fertilizantes químicos es el empleo de microorganismos del suelo. Usar bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno (N) y hongos formadores de micorrizas puede mejorar el crecimiento de diferentes cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de Rhizophagus intraradices y Azospirillum brasilense, y la adición de fertilizantes químicos sobre la respuesta foliar y radical en el cultivo de maíz en suelo Luvisol. El estudio se realizó de octubre 2014 a enero de 2015 en el Instituto Tecnológico de la Zona Maya del Estado de Quintana Roo, México. Se estableció un cultivo de maíz con un diseño de bloques completos al azar, y cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones: micorriza y Azospirillum (MA), micorriza y Azospirillum + fertilizante químico 50% (MA + FQ50%), fertilizante químico 100% (FQ100%) en dosis de 142–70–00 kg/ha y un testigo. Se midió la altura y diámetro del tallo de las plantas. Además, se monitoreó el número y longitud de raíces por medio de la técnica del minirrizotrón en cinco profundidades a diferentes edades de las plantas. Al final del periodo experimental se cuantificó la biomasa foliar y radical. Los tratamientos de FQ100% y MA+FQ50% presentaron mayor altura total y diámetro del tallo de las plantas. Estos mostraron el mayor número y longitud de raíces finas, en comparación con los demás tratamientos. No obstante, el tratamiento con MA+FQ50% mantuvo la mayor cantidad de biomasa al final del cultivo.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 7 million people worldwide. Its aetiology is unknown, although the hypothesis of a genetic susceptibility to environmental agents is accepted. These environmental agents include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three microorganisms are directly associated with a significantly increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease: the fungal genus Malassezia, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, and the hepatitis C virus. If the host is vulnerable due to genetic susceptibility or immune weakness, these microorganisms can access and infect the nervous system, causing chronic neuroinflammation with neurodegeneration. Other microorganisms show an epidemiological association with the disease, including the influenza type A, Japanese encephalitis type B, St Louis, and West Nile viruses. These viruses can affect the nervous system, causing encephalitis, which can result in parkinsonism. This article reviews the role of all these microorganisms in Parkinson's disease., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

An alternative to replace the excessive use of chemical fertilizers is the use of soil microorganisms. In this regard, using nitrogen fixing bacteria (N) and mycorrhizal fungi may improve the growth of different crops. The objective was to evaluate the influence of Rhizophagus intraradices and Azospirillum brasilense, as well as the addition of chemical fertilizers on foliar and root response of maize crop in Luvisol soil. The study was conducted from October 2014 to January 2015 at the Technological Institute of the Mayan Zone, Quintana Roo, Mexico. A corn culture was established by a randomized complete block design, and four treatments with four replicates: Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum (MA), Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum + 50% chemical fertilizer, (MA + FQ50%), 100% chemical fertilizer FQ100%) in doses of 142-70-00 kg / ha and a control. Stem height and diameter of the plants were measured. In addition, the number and length of roots were monitored by means of the minirhizotron technique at five depths and at different ages of the plants. At the end of the experimental period, leaf and root biomass were quantified. Treatments of FQ100% and MA + FQ50% presented higher total height and higher stem diameter of the plants. Also, these showed the highest number and length of fine roots, compared to the other treatments. However, treatment with MA + FQ50% kept the highest amount of biomass at the end of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 54 patients with infections associated with the health care in "Dr. Antonio María Béguez César" Southern Teaching Pediatric Hospital was carried out in Santiago from Cuba, from January, 2015 to December, 2016. The analyzed variables included age, sex, infection type, result of the cultures, isolated organism and origin service. All the culture samples were processed in the Microbiology Department of the institution. The age group 5-17 years, male sex, infection in the surgical wound, the positivity of the cultures, isolation of Escherichia coli and the Intensive Care Unit prevailed in the case material. Only 2 of the infants with 0-11 months died, for 3,7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the prevalence of acquired infections in health centers has increased. This is why it is intended to provide statistical data when assessing the microbiological conditions of air and surface in an operating room of a public health center. For the counting of bacteria and fungi in air, it was used the BIOSAS Meter 100 equipment in order to apply the impaction method on culture media such as nutritive agar and Sabouraud agar respectively. For the counting of bacteria and fungi on surfaces, it was used surgical material and the equipment swabs technique. Measurements of temperature and relative humidity were carried out and the most relevant microorganisms were identified. Regarding the bacterial and fungal load of the air, counts greater than 10 CFU/ m3 of air were detected in 100% of the samples. As for the surface, bacterial and fungal growth were detected in more than 50% of the analyzed samples. The temperature was higher than 20°C and the relative humidity was higher than 50%. The most frequently isolated organisms were: Staphylococcus coagulase negatives, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium frequentans, Cladosporium oxysporum, Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas orizyhabitans. It was determined that the quality of the operating room environment does not meet the criteria established by NTP-409 and 243 that establish a microbial count below 10 CFU / m3 of air, a temperature below 18°C and humidity of 50% to 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat is a highly protein food and a major source of nutrients for humans, however, despite its qualities, the meat and meat products are subject to change by chemical, physical and microbiological reactions. intrinsic and extrinsic factors may contribute to the installation and proliferation of pathogens such as Salmonella spp. The objective of this research was to investigate Salmonella spp. in meat products of refrigerators of Pará matadors in the 2014 period - 2015. The occurrence and the number of Salmonella present in meat vary according to management conditions for the creation and hygienic care in animal slaughter operations and subsequent handling of the carcasses. samples of meat products from 8 refrigerator slaughterhouse establishments located in different geographical areas of Pará were collected. Microbiological analysis showed absence of Salmonella spp. 25 grams of the samples studied, can be said that the meat products examined met in accordance with the law, it is understood that the same was in good sanitary hygienic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is defined as the possible or documented presence of infection along with systemic manifestations of infection. Blood culture is the first-line study in patients with suspected infection, the main objective of blood cultures consists of confirming bacteremia. Literature reports that sensitivity for diagnosis of bacteremias is low, with a growth in crops <10%; in other words, blood cultures are positive in only 1/3 of the cases. OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of positive blood cultures at Hospital Angeles Pedregal, Mexico City, as well as to describe the most commonly found microorganisms and their resistances. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive observational retrospective study was carried out. We reviewed all blood cultures performed at the Hospital Angeles Pedregal, Mexico, City, from January 2015 to December 2015. RESULTS: Of the total sample (1,598 blood cultures), only 213 were positive, finding a probability of success of 13%. The most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli (43%) of whom 35 (16%) were resistant organisms (BLEE), Burkholderia cepacia (6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (5%) in the gram-negative group. Staphylococcus epidermidis (9%) and Staphyloccocus aureus (6%) in the gram-positive group. CONCLUSIONS: Number of blood positive cultures at Hospital Angeles Pedregal, Mexico City, is slightly higher than that reported in literature. In addition, more positivity was found for Escherichia coli, confirming that the populations of microorganisms will be different at each hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La agroindustria en Colombia se muestra como una alternativa para dar aprovechamiento eficiente a materias primas de origen agropecuario, especialmente aquellas que por parámetros de calidad, no salen al mercado y generan cuantiosas pérdidas a agricultores y ganaderos; esta investigación se basó principalmente en el aprovechamiento de la manzana (Pyrus malus L), se elaboró néctar con tres variedades producidas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia: Pensilvania, Anna y Winter y se evaluaron los rendimientos en extracción de pulpa, con pérdidas del 18,4% para Pensilvania 21,4%, para Anna y 30%en Winter. Se realizaron pruebas sensoriales para determinar el grado de aceptabilidad de los tres productos, observándose diferencias significativas en textura, y similitud en parámetros como olor, color y sabor; para dicho análisis se compararon las tres variedades con un néctar comercial. Se concluye que el costo de producción unitario para 900 ml de néctar de la variedad Pensilvania es de $4.999, Anna $5.100 y Winter $5.296 (pesos colombianos), esto se debe a mejores rendimientos en extracción de pulpa para la variedad Pensilvania, mostrando que los productos son competitivos en precio y calidad.