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This literature review aims to present a comprehensive overview of contracts used in agriculture, focusing on their development, usage, and impacts in Bulgaria and other countries, and based on it make a classification of the contracts. The research is grounded in the broader field of agricultural economics, rural development and instructional economics, emphasizing the shift in use in contracts in agriculture in Bulgaria after the accession of the country in the EU. It delves into various types of contracts used in agriculture. The classification that is created is illustrating a detailed framework that organizes these agreements based on their focus and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hannah Frank, an assistant professor in film studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), died suddenly, on August 29, 2017, at the age of thirty- three. The cause [...]

The Common agricultural policy (CAP) is the most integrated policy that offers an opportunity for the agricultural sector to respond to society's demands in terms of food security, safety, quality and sustainability as well as environmental care. New agriculture challenges in the framework of EU political priorities and greening of the sector are related to the implementation of three key objectives based on encouragement of a smart and sustainable agricultural sector; improving environmental care and climate change action; improving socio-economic role of rural areas. The study aims to research the farmers' attitudes implementation of ecological practices on farms using conjoint analysis, correlation analysis, SWOT analysis and descriptive analysis. The conjoint analysis answers a fundamental research question - would farmers carry out ecological practices without CAP support? In addition, we analyzed farmers' attitudes toward implementing mandatory and voluntary ecological practices in farms with or without CAP financial support. The study results confirm the research hypothesis that CAP greening is carried out at the cost of CAP payments. It was found that farmers would not carry out ecological practices without the CAP financial support during the 2023-2027 programming period in both the Blagoevgrad and Kyustendil regions in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land prices are integral for a variety of stakeholders, ranging from urban planners to real estate investors. Land prices play a pivotal role in economic theory, influencing a myriad of decisions from urban planning to investment strategies. The tree datasets we are focusing on are from separate sources present information on a land prices in Bulgaria, it becomes essential to determine their consistency. Linear regression serves as a powerful tool to achieve this and a second method of MANOVA is applied to understand the tree datasets. The aim of this study is to prove the reliability of the information on the agricultural resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on the utilisation of agricultural land in agricultural holdings has the aim to present the problems and opportunities European CAP policy brings in Bulgarian agriculture. We have used statistical methods as well as academically approved approaches to systematically assess how changes in CAP policy, have changed the landscape of agriculture and what positive and negative changes are the result of the implementation of EU norms. For competitiveness, we have presented data from the pre-EU accession and, using the graphic method, showed the changes during the research period. We try to highlight some processes in public relations regarding land use as an indispensable factor for production, as well as to define certain reasons for the registered changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern conditions a new type of business plan is necessary to accommodate all of the factors and a defined aim is the first part of understanding the agricultural holdings needs. Based on a critical review of the concept of business models in the method of the aspect developed a model for cooperation between science and business, which includes units in the chain of research institutes - companies offering names - manufacturers - consumers, the main focus is on production, where the effects of agricultural holdings. The following methods are used in the development and implementation of the model: analysis of causal relationships, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, constructive calculation method, expert evaluation, survey method, in-depth study, partial replacement budget, profit matrix and others. This business model combines 10 components in its framework and has the aim to foster and evaluate cooperation between agricultural holdings and scientific institutes. As a result of the changing nature of competition, new approaches based on innovation must be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the author is to first assess the factors influencing and the importance of their impact on agricultural rents and land prices. Much of the land in Bulgaria is leased and that requires an assessment of the relationship between lands rent and land price. The price of land is mainly influenced by the location, size and purpose of the purchased land. The average market price of agricultural land, regardless of location, size and purpose of land use, show significant differences from year to year and from region to region. Since 2010, the percentage of land for rent and the market price of land have been called the capitalization rate. The average growth rate of land rent should not exceed 6%, nor should it lead to a mismatch between the development of land rent and land prices or to a disproportionate increase in land price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the nascent symbiotic relationship between deepfakes and art museums and galleries, as demonstrated by three case studies. The first one, housed at the Dalí Museum in St Petersburg, Florida, is a life-size talking avatar of the artist generated from archival footage. The second one, Warriors by James Coupe, revisits Walter Hill's 1979 film of the same name using deepfake algorithms to insert visitors' faces into key scenes, sorting them into gangs based on data-driven analysis of their demographic and economic markers. Finally, Gillian Wearing's fake ad, Wearing Gillian, uses deepfake technology to enable a series of actors to appear on screen with the artist's face as a way of interrogating questions of identity in a networked digital world. Based on these works, my article examines museums' employment of deepfakes for advertising, audience engagement, and educational outreach, and the curatorial, ethical, and creative opportunities and challenges involved therein. While deepfake esthetics will be discussed wherever relevant, this is not a formalist analysis; my goal is not to focus on close readings of the deepfake pieces themselves, however fascinating their esthetics. Instead, I will look at the promotional and critical discourse around them in order to unpack the ways in which the acquisition of creative deepfake works by cultural institutions functions as a legitimizing force that is already shifting the narrative regarding the artistic value and social functions of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Collective memory" contributes to the development of economic activity in any field of the material production. The aim of the present study is to learn about the impact of the psychological and social phenomenon "Collective Memory" on Bulgarian agriculture and economy. What changes are applied in the agricultural sector because of this phenomenon had been a long-standing question for researchers, because of the role of the sector for expansion of local communities, prosperity of the regional economy and for strengthening the national economy. The focus of this study is to reveal how collective memory is changing the shape of Bulgarian agriculture. The study of this phenomenon uses interdisciplinary knowledge and skills to apply an appropriate methodological framework. Using the scientific method, the authors approve appropriate methodological solutions, including desk research, interviews, and fieldwork in mountainous and valley areas in Bulgaria. We share other authors idea, that the created collective memory, no matter real or imposed affects the translate to behavior of the individuals and nations. Collective memory is built under the influence of several factors, one of which is the state presentation of events to society. Collective events are most likely to contribute to a long-term collective memory or be the factor for social perception of the past, when they influence long-term social change, are emotionally charged, provide an abundance of social and emotional enterprises, are often perform / rehearse through the media, connect with collective introduction and commemorative rituals, which can be recognized by institutions and individuals. To take a closer look at "Collective Memory" in Bulgaria, we have presented various components / factors in the formation of collective memory and added a "case study" to present relational effects on the phenomenon / process in agriculture by applying theoretical framework that includes: Socio Historical Theory and Dynamic Theory. An example in this filed we are interested in, is the state of land relations after the development of the planned economy, the sale of land in natural restitution that cause problems in Bulgarian agriculture, which is a direct manifestation of collective memory. This is evident from the analysis of the narratives in conducting field work. The importance of the process of memory restoration is shown, in which memory is a factor, that strengthens the evidence of the past and the opportunities for transportation to the present active introduction at individual, local, regional, and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is focused on bio-economic knowledge impact on social and economic added value. The premises of this paper are that habit formation can be used to implement bio-economy knowledge in different age groups in Bulgaria. The implementation of knowledge and good practices will be done on institutional level using the ILAC model. Using the institutional environment as a learning one, we are creating more sustainable population with better understanding of today‘s problems and coping mechanisms to overcome them. In every aspect of the bioeconomy we have gathered good practices as example that can be easily added to the daily life and can be implemented as institutional norm of behavior. A shift in perception and understanding our surrounding environment have undergone the last 30 years, more people, companies and even countries have turn towards more ecological friendly means of production and using policies, financial incentives and new habit formation in schools, work and universities have created a society with better understanding of bio-economy, environment preservation, biodiversity and sustainable practices. In the long term the benefits of implementing better practices that preserve human and animal habitat and mitigate the human destruction, outweigh the struggles of changing the human behavior in the beginning and the starting capital that some policies require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we are identifying the processes that are key factors for change in the agricultural environment. The PESTLE analysis is used to sort the state of every of the panels and find which one has the most impact. In our case we are identifying macroeconomic factors that have influence on the future development of the sector of agriculture in Bulgaria. In Bulgaria this kind of research has not been done using the PESTLE and will help future researchers to identify strengths and weaknesses in Bulgarian political, economic, sociocultural and technological environments. The legal framework and environmental factors are particularly important for agriculture and have been added in this order because the legal framework carries a higher importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]