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Abstract Background Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alterations contribute to the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Lactate-dependent histone modification is a new type of histone mark, which links glycolysis metabolite to the epigenetic process of lactylation. However, the role of histone lactylation in PDAC remains unclear. Methods The level of histone lactylation in PDAC was identified by western blot and immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with the overall survival was evaluated using a Kaplan-Meier survival plot. The participation of histone lactylation in the growth and progression of PDAC was confirmed through inhibition of histone lactylation by glycolysis inhibitors or lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. The potential writers and erasers of histone lactylation in PDAC were identified by western blot and functional experiments. The potential target genes of H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la) were screened by CUT&Tag and RNA-seq analyses. The candidate target genes TTK protein kinase (TTK) and BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B) were validated through ChIP-qPCR, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Next, the effects of these two genes in PDAC were confirmed by knockdown or overexpression. The interaction between TTK and LDHA was identified by Co-IP assay. Results Histone lactylation, especially H3K18la level was elevated in PDAC, and the high level of H3K18la was associated with poor prognosis. The suppression of glycolytic activity by different kinds of inhibitors or LDHA knockdown contributed to the anti-tumor effects of PDAC in vitro and in vivo. E1A binding protein p300 (P300) and histone deacetylase 2 were the potential writer and eraser of histone lactylation in PDAC cells, respectively. H3K18la was enriched at the promoters and activated the transcription of mitotic checkpoint regulators TTK and BUB1B. Interestingly, TTK and BUB1B could elevate the expression of P300 which in turn increased glycolysis. Moreover, TTK phosphorylated LDHA at tyrosine 239 (Y239) and activated LDHA, and subsequently upregulated lactate and H3K18la levels. Conclusions The glycolysis-H3K18la-TTK/BUB1B positive feedback loop exacerbates dysfunction in PDAC. These findings delivered a new exploration and significant inter-relationship between lactate metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic regulation, which might pave the way toward novel lactylation treatment strategies in PDAC therapy.

The stability analysis of a deep buried tunnel subjected to dynamic disturbance is an important issue. In this study, the transient response has been obtained by establishing a water-rich tunnel model considering excavation damage zone (EDZ). Based on Biot’s two-phase dynamic theory and wave function expansion method, the analytical solution of dynamic response around the water-rich tunnel containing EDZ subjected to P wave is derived. Moreover, Fourier transform and Duhamel’s integral technique is introduced to calculate the transient response, and the equivalent blasting curve is adopted to input excitation function. The dimensionless parameters thickness N and shear modulus ratio μ∼ are defined to characterize the degree of damage in the surrounding rock, investigating the influencing factors, such as the parameters and the incident source frequencies. The results indicate that the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) gradually decreases as the dimensionless parameters increase. Additionally, it is observed that the DSCF is more sensitive to changes in the thickness parameter N. Finally, the influence of the waveform parameters has been taken into account in the analysis of transient response, and the stress state and transfer process in each time stage of the EDZ are analyzed. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for comprehending the mechanical behavior and support design considerations associated with a deep-buried water-rich tunnel containing EDZ.

Abstract. Background:. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is commonly diagnosed in women of child-bearing age, but whether pregnancy influences the prognosis of DTC remains controversial. This study aimed to summarize existing evidence regarding the association of pregnancy with recurrence risk in patients previously treated for DTC. Methods:. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus based on the prespecified protocol registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022367896). After study selection, two researchers independently extracted data from the included studies. For quantitative data synthesis, we used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool the proportion of recurrence (for pregnant women only) and odds ratio (OR; comparing the risk of recurrence between the pregnancy group and the nonpregnancy group), respectively. Then we conducted subgroup analyses to explore whether risk of recurrence differed by response to therapy status or duration of follow-up time. We also assessed quality of the included studies. Results:. A total of ten studies were included. The sample size ranged from 8 to 235, with participants’ age at pregnancy or delivery ranging from 28 to 35 years. The follow-up time varied from 0.1 to 36.0 years. The pooled proportion of recurrence in all pregnant patients was 0.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.06–0.25; I2: 0.58). Among six included studies reporting response to therapy status before pregnancy, we observed a trend for increasingly higher risk of recurrence from excellent, indeterminate, and biochemically incomplete to structurally incomplete response to therapy (Ptrend 0.05) or the OR of recurrence in studies with a comparison group (P >0.05). Two included studies that focused on patients with distant metastasis also did not show a significant difference in disease recurrence between pregnancy and nonpregnancy groups (OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.14–1.87; I2: 59%]). Conclusion:. In general, pregnancy appears to have a minimal association with the disease recurrence of DTC with initial treatment. Clinicians should pay more attention to progression of DTC among pregnant women with biochemical and/or structural persistence. Registration:. PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; No. CRD42022367896.

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique for shale gas production. The use of this technology allows natural gas and oil to be economically produced from shale formations. However, the application of fracturing is accompanied by potential environmental risks such as water waste and pollution, ecological damage, air pollution and earthquakes. In China, shale gas development as one of the key ways to achieve energy supply security and its 2030 peak carbon target. China has liberalized the restrictions on extraction entities and has taken numerous measures to encourage shale gas development. The regulation of hydraulic fracturing and other environmental issues poses a new challenge to the harmonization of energy and environmental legislation in China. Based on the analysis of the existing system, this study proposed the shortcomings of the current Chinese shale gas environmental regulatory framework, which indicate that the legal level for hydraulic fracturing is low; there are loopholes in the legal rules regulating the environmental problems caused by hydraulic fracturing, and the environmental and energy laws are not compatible. A typical case of Fuling, China was selected for analysis. In addition, it is suggested that Chinese regulators should develop a special shale gas law, introducing appropriate hydraulic fracturing regulations to fill the legal regulatory loopholes.

BackgroundThe consumption of cheese and fish has been linked to the onset of depression. However, the connection between consuming cheese, consuming fish, experiencing depression, and the pathways that mediate this relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential association between the consumption of cheese and fish and the occurrence of depression. Moreover, it is important to identify any metabolites that might be involved and understand their respective roles and functions.MethodsA two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on cheese, non-oily fish, and oily fish consumption and depression, along with 12 alternate mediators. The study included a total of 451,486 participants in the cheese consumption group, 460,880 in the non-oily fish consumption group, 460,443 in the oily fish consumption group, and 322,580 with a diagnosis of depression. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode.ResultsThe data we collected suggested that consuming more cheese correlated with a lower likelihood of experiencing depression (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98). Neither non-oily fish nor oily fish consumption was directly linked to depression onset (p = 0.08, p = 0.78, respectively). Although there was a direct causal relationship with depression, the mediating relationship of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol in large HDL, cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, glycine, and phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL of cheese intake on depression risk were − 0.002 (95% CI: −0.023 - 0.020), −0.002 (95% CI: −0.049 - 0.045), −0.001 (95% CI: −0.033 - 0.031), −0.001 (95% CI: −0.018 - 0.015), 0.001 (95% CI: −0.035 - 0.037), and − 0.001 (95% CI: −0.024 - 0.021), respectively. The mediating relationship of uridine, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, total cholesterol in large HDL, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) between non-oily fish consumption and depression risk were 0.016 (95% CI: −0.008 - 0.040), 0.011 (95% CI: −1.269 - 1.290), 0.010 (95% CI: −1.316 - 1.335), 0.011 (95% CI: −0.089 - 0.110), and 0.008 (95% CI: −0.051 - 0.068), respectively. The mediation effect of uridine and free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL between intake of oily fish and the risk of depression was found to be 0.006 (95% CI: −0.015 - 0.028) and − 0.002 (95% CI: −0.020 - 0.017), respectively. The correlation between eating cheese and experiencing depression persisted even when adjusting for other variables like Indian snacks, mango consumption, sushi consumption, and unsalted peanuts using multivariable MR.ConclusionThe consumption of cheese and fish influenced the likelihood of experiencing depression, and this may be mediated by certain metabolites in the body. Our study provided a new perspective on the clinical treatment of depression.

Failure of irregular rock samples may provide implications in the rapid estimation of rock strength, which is imperative in rock engineering practice. In this work, analytical, experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to study the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of rock spheres under paired point loads. Analytical solutions indicted that with the increase in sample size (contact angle) and decrease in Poisson’s ratio, the uneven tensile stress in theta direction decreased. Then laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the load characteristics and failure mode of spherical marble samples with different sizes subjected to a pair of diametral point loads. The discrete element method (DEM) was adopted to study the failure process of rock spheres. The effect of the sphere diameter on the point load contact angle was examined in terms of peak load, crushed zone distribution and energy dissipation. Experimental and numerical results showed that the samples primarily fail in tension, with crushed zones formed at both loading points. With increase in the sample size, the contact angle, crushed area and total work increase. As the specimen diameter increases from 30 mm to 50 mm, the peak load on the specimen increases from 3.6 kN to 8.8 kN, and the percentage of crushed zone (ratio of crushing zone to sample radius, d/r) increased from 0.191 to 0.262. The results of the study have implications for understanding the failure of irregular rock specimens under point loading conditions and their size effects.

Abstract The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis can synthesize high amounts of astaxanthin, which is a valuable antioxidant that has been utilized in human health, cosmetics, and aquaculture. To illustrate detailed molecular clues to astaxanthin yield, we performed PacBio HIFI along with Hi-C sequencing to construct an improved chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly with 32 chromosomes and a genome size of 316.0 Mb. Its scaffold N50 (942.6 kb) and contig N50 (304.8 kb) have been upgraded remarkably from our previous genome draft, and a total of 32,416 protein-coding genes were predicted. We also established a high-evidence phylogenetic tree from seven representative algae species, with the main aim to calculate their divergence times and identify expanded/contracted gene families. We also characterized genome-wide localizations on chromosomes of some important genes such as five BKTs (encoding beta-carotene ketolases) that are putatively involved in astaxanthin production. In summary, we reported the first chromosome-scale map of H. pluvialis, which provides a valuable genetic resource for in-depth biomedical investigations on this momentous green alga and commercial astaxanthin bioproduction.

Borehole breakouts significantly influence drilling operations’ efficiency and economics. Accurate evaluation of breakout size (angle and depth) can enhance drilling strategies and hold potential for in situ stress magnitude inversion. In this study, borehole breakout size is approached as a complex nonlinear problem with multiple inputs and outputs. Three hybrid multi-output models, integrating commonly used machine learning algorithms (artificial neural networks ANN, random forests RF, and Boost) with the Walrus optimization algorithm (WAOA) optimization techniques, are developed. Input features are determined through literature research (friction angle, cohesion, rock modulus, Poisson’s ratio, mud pressure, borehole radius, in situ stress), and 501 related datasets are collected to construct the borehole breakout size dataset. Model performance is assessed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Variance Accounted For (VAF), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Results indicate that WAOA-ANN exhibits excellent and stable prediction performance, particularly on the test set, outperforming the single-output ANN model. Additionally, SHAP sensitivity analysis conducted on the WAOA-ANN model reveals that maximum horizontal principal stress (σH) is the most influential parameter in predicting both the angle and depth of borehole breakout. Combining the results of the studies and analyses conducted, WAOA-ANN is considered to be an effective hybrid multi-output model in the prediction of borehole breakout size.

Background It has been confirmed in other fields that perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) will increase the incidence of complications after free-flap reconstruction and increase the risk of patients returning to the operating room within 48 hours after the initial operation. However, for head and neck tumors, whether PBT is related to postoperative complications is debatable. The aim of this study was to control the demographic and comorbidity characteristics of patients by propensity score matching (PSM) as well as to investigate the relationship between PBT and postoperative complications after oral cancer free-flap reconstruction.

The stability of underground entry-type excavations will directly affect the working environment and the safety of staff. Empirical critical span graphs and traditional statistics learning methods can not meet the requirements of high accuracy for stability assessment of entry-type excavations. Therefore, this study proposes a new prediction method based on machine learning to scientifically adjust the critical span graph. Accordingly, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the core parameters of the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), abbreviated as PSO-GBDT. Moreover, the classification performance of eight other classifiers including GDBT, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), two kinds of support vector machines (SVM), Gaussian naive Bayes (GNB), logistic regression (LR) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are also applied to compare with the proposed model. Findings revealed that compared with the other eight models, the prediction performance of PSO-GBDT is undoubtedly the most reliable, and its classification accuracy is up to 0.93. Therefore, this model has great potential to provide a more scientific and accurate choice for the stability prediction of underground excavations. In addition, each classification model is used to predict the stability category of several grid points divided by the critical span graph, and the updated critical span graph of each model is discussed in combination with previous studies. The results show that the PSO-GBDT model has the advantages of being scientific, accurate and efficient in updating the critical span graph, and its output decision boundary has strict theoretical support, which can help mine operators make favorable economic decisions.

Overbreak and underbreak are the crucial problems during the blasting excavation of underground tunnels owing to their effects on the construction costs and operational safety. A critical challenge facing overbreak and underbreak control is the difficulty in developing guidelines with respect to various and complex engineering conditions. In this study, a series of field measurements of overbreak and underbreak using the FocusS 150 laser scanner were performed in a deep roadway of the Kaiyang phosphate mine, China. The distribution and extent of the overbreak and underbreak surrounding the roadway contour were accurately analyzed in accordance with the collected point cloud data. Subsequently, a simplified three-dimensional model was established to simulate the blasting excavation of pre-stressed roadway using the explicit dynamic analysis code LS-DYNA. A comparison of numerical and measurement results revealed that the proposed model was a reliable tool to simulate the overbreak and underbreak induced by blasting excavation. Thereafter, the influences of uncontrollable geological factors such as in situ stress conditions and controllable blasting factors including contour hole spacing (S), charge concentration (β) and decoupled coefficient (ζ) as well as stemming were further numerically investigated. The simulation results indicated that the lateral pressure coefficient significantly affected the distribution pattern of the overbreak and underbreak, while the stress magnitude contributed to their extents. Moreover, a comparison of the simulation findings and the field measurement data indicated that the minimal extents of the overbreak and underbreak corresponding the optimal contour blasting results were obtained at S = 0.70 m, β = 0.9 kg/m and ζ = 2.5, respectively. Furthermore, the contour blastholes stemmed with sand created smaller damage to the periphery rock mass of roadway and enhanced the utilization efficiency of explosive energy. The research findings of this study provide important implications for similar blasting excavation projects.

Background & Aims: Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) drive pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. However, TICs are highly plastic and heterogenous, which impede the robust identification and targeted therapy of such a population. The aim of this study is to identify the surface marker and therapeutic target for pancreatic TICs. Methods: We isolated voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit (isoform 5)-positive subpopulation from pancreatic cancer cell lines and freshly resected primary tissues by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and evaluated their TIC properties by spheroid formation and tumorigenic assays. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to identify the direct substrate of CaMKⅡδ. Results: We demonstrate that the voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit (isoform 5) marks a subpopulation of pancreatic TICs with the highest TIC frequency among the known pancreatic TIC markers tested. Furthermore, α2δ1 is functionally sufficient and indispensable to promote TIC properties by mediating Ca2+ influx, which activates CaMKⅡδ to directly phosphorylate PKM2 at T454 that results in subsequent phosphorylation at Y105 to translocate into nucleus, enhancing the stem-like properties. Interestingly, blocking α2δ1 with its specific antibody has remarkably therapeutic effects on pancreatic cancer xenografts by reducing TICs. Conclusions: α2δ1 promotes pancreatic TIC properties through sequential phosphorylation of PKM2 mediated by CaMKⅡδ, and targeting α2δ1 provides a therapeutic strategy against TICs for pancreatic cancer.

The present article presents an innovative and versatile approach to formative assessment that allows educators to assess students’ aptitude for online learning and their mastery of Popping dance. Popping dance, a form of breakdance, is increasingly being taught through distance learning programs. Despite the growing interest in Popping dance culture across different regions worldwide, few studies have focused on developing a comprehensive formative assessment model that combines Popping dance abilities and online learning. Therefore, we have developed a novel formative assessment framework for Popping dance students, which utilizes various online formats and offers a diversified assessment model. The article outlines five distinct assessment methods with practical examples that can enable students in heavily impacted areas to improve their Popping dance technique at home. These assessment methods cover software operation, theory testing, and technical testing, all of which are suitable for online use. While this model is still in its early stages, it provides a fundamental methodological framework for assessing the Popping dance proficiency of students.

Recently, hip-hop pedagogy or Hip-Hop Based Education (HHBE) have become buzz words in the academic and public debate around hip-hop. However, we found that most definitions of hip-hop pedagogy are missing the concept of pedagogy itself. One consequence of failing to adequately explain the concept of pedagogy is that it may lead future hip-hop researchers, students, and teachers inadvertently to disseminate misinformation or foster unclear thinking by using “hip-hop pedagogy” in inaccurate or vague ways. For these reasons, it is important to have a shared understanding of hip-hop pedagogy. In this article, we present three updated, expanded definitions of hip-hop pedagogy with the potential for widespread acceptance. These definitions aim to convey in the simplest terms what hip-hop pedagogy is for the purpose of informing educators and preparing them to use data.

Medicines from natural products can not only treat neurodegenerative diseases but also improve the cognitive dysfunction caused by treatments with western medicines. This study reviews the literature related to the regulation of mitochondrial participation in cognitive function by natural products. In this study, we focused on English articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from 15 October 2017, to 15 October 2022. Fourteen studies that followed the inclusion criteria were integrated, analyzed, and summarized. Several studies have shown that natural products can improve or reduce cognitive dysfunction by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that natural products may serve as new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.

Conical picks are widely used as cutting tools in shearers and roadheaders, and the mean cutting force (MCF) is one of the important parameters affecting conical pick performance. As MCF depends on a number of parameters and due to that the existing empirical and theoretical formulas and numerical modelling are not sufficient enough and reliable to predict MCF in a proficient manner. So, in this research, a novel intelligent model based on a random forest algorithm (RF) and a heuristic algorithm called the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) have been applied to determine the optimal hyper-parameters in RF, and root mean square error is used as a fitness function. A total of 188 data samples including 50 rock types and seven parameters (tensile strength of the rock σt, compressive strength of the rock σc, cone angle θ, cutting depth d, attack angle γ, rake angle α and back-clearance angle β) were collected to develop an SSA-RF model for mean cutting force prediction. The prediction results of the SSA-RF model were compared with seven influential formulas and four classical models, such as random forest, extreme learning machine, support vector machine and radial basis function neural network. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) were employed as evaluation indexes to compare the capability of different predicting models. The MAE (0.509 and 0.996), RMSE (0.882 and 1.165), MAPE (0.146 and 0.402) and R2 (0.975 and 0.910) values between measured and predicted MCF for training and testing phases of the SSA-RF model clearly demonstrate the superiority in prediction compared to the other tools. A sensitivity analysis has also been performed to understand the influence of each input parameter on MCF, which indicates that σc, d and σt are the most important variables for MCF prediction.

Isolated pillars in underground mines are subjected to uniaxial stress, and the load bearing cross-section of pillars is commonly rectangularly shaped. In addition, the uniaxial compression test (UCT) is widely used for determining the basic mechanical properties of rocks and revealing the mechanism of isolated pillar disasters under unidimensional stress. The shape effects of rock mechanical properties under uniaxial compression are mainly quantitatively reflected in the specific shape ratios of rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the detailed shape ratio effects on the mechanical properties of rectangular prism rock specimens and isolated pillars under uniaxial compressive stress. In this study, granite, marble and sandstone rectangular prism specimens with various height to width ratios (r) and width to thickness ratios (u) were prepared and tested. The study results show that r and u have a great influence on the bearing ability of rocks, and thin or high rocks have lower uniaxial compressive strength. Reducing the level of r can enhance the u effect on the strength of rocks, and increasing the level of u can enhance the r effect on the strength of rocks. The lateral strain on the thickness side of the rock specimen is larger than that on the width side, which implies that crack growth occurs easily on the thickness side. Considering r and u, a novel strength prediction model of isolated pillars was proposed based on the testing results, and the prediction model was used for the safety assessment of 179 isolated pillars in the Xianglu Mountain Tungsten Mine.

Abstract Background Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the head and neck (HNIMTs) sometimes show aggressive clinical features and can be diagnosed as HNIMT with malignant transformation. Methods The clinicopathological features of 45 HNIMTs with or without malignant transformation were retrospectively investigated. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to establish the predictive model. Results HNIMT with malignant transformation was associated with worse prognosis. HNIMT with a tumor size of >4.4 cm, tumors located in the maxillary sinus, or a preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) greater than 1.958 were associated with higher chance of malignant transformation, with an AUC value of 0.9189. Postoperative radiotherapy could benefit HNIMT patients with high risk of malignant transformation. Conclusions HNIMT patients with a tumor size of >4.4 cm, tumors located in the maxillary sinus, and a preoperative NLR over 1.958 were associated with a higher risk of malignant transformation. These patients can benefit from postoperative radiotherapy.

IntroductionThe effect of liver margin on colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatectomy has been controversial. In this study, we conducted a postoperative follow-up study of 205 patients with CRLM to clarify whether a positive margin is significant and to define the risk factors affecting CRLM survival.MethodsThe data of 205 patients with CRLM who underwent surgical treatment at the Third Hospital of Peking University in the Department of General Surgery from January 2009 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The general data, surgical data and postoperative follow-up of the patients were statistically analyzed.ResultsThere were 130 cases (63.4%) of R0 resection and 75 cases (36.6%) of R1 resection. There were 136 males and 69 females, age 61 ± 11 years, and body mass index (BMI 24.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2). The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years for the entire cohort were 93.4%, 68.4%, and 45.5% in the R0 resection group vs. 93.2%, 53.7%, and 42% in the R1 resection group, respectively, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.520). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates of 63.2%, 33.3%, and 29.7% were significantly better in the R0 resection group than in the R1 resection group of 47.9%, 22.7%, and 17.7% (P = 0.016), respectively. After multivariable analysis, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) > 39 U/ml (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.39–3.79, P = 0.001), primary tumor perineural invasion (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01–3.13, P = 0.047), and BMI > 24 kg/m2 (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.05–2.93, P = 0.033) were independently associated with poorer overall patient survival. The number of liver metastases >2 (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.10–2.47, P = 0.016), the maximum diameter of metastases ≥50 mm (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.06–2.64, P = 0.026), and vascular invasion of the primary tumor (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03–2.64, P = 0.038) were also independently associated with poorer disease-free survival.ConclusionIn patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM, the negative effect of the R1 margin should be downplayed, and although the disease-free survival of the R1 margin is shorter than that of the R0 margin, it has no impact on overall survival. To improve overall survival, extra attention should be given to the factors of preoperative BMI, preoperative CA19-9, and the presence of perineural invasion of the primary tumor.

Recently, numerous studies have focused on tourism among the older population. Of them, most reported on status analysis, tourism motivation, and tourism model, to name a few; however, there was a lack of comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the motivation, influencing factors, policy impact, and other factors of older tourism. Thus, this study conducted various keyword searches among both English and Chinese publications. We found that older population’s tourism is affected by various factors, such as travel expense, physical condition, the length and distance of a trip, and cultural influence. The results provide a reference for the development and implementation of tourism among the older population.

Selenium incorporates into selenocysteine (Sec) which is a key component of selenoproteins implicated in antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) play crucial roles in cellular defense against environmental stress. Whereas mammals have the MsrB selenoprotein form, unicellular organisms have MsrA. The Sec residue at the conserved catalytic sites of selenoprotein MsrA confers a metabolic advantage over the non-selenoprotein type MsrA. In the present study, the novel selenoprotein HpMsrA from Haematococcus pluvialis was cloned by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends and transformed into the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Alignment of homologs revealed the presence of the conserved catalytic domain GUFW and showed that the HpMsrA protein comprises Sec (U) at the N-terminus but no recycled Cys at the C-terminus. We studied the response of HpMsrA expression to selenite, high light intensity, hydrogen peroxide, cadmium nitrate, and glyphosate exposure via real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme activity analysis. The results demonstrated that HpMsrA protects cellular proteins against oxidative and environmental stressors. Compared with wild type C. reinhardtii, the transformant exhibited a superior antioxidant ability. The discoveries made herein shed light on the antioxidant physiology and environmental stress resistance mechanisms of the selenoproteins in microalgae. This information may aid in conducting environmental risk assessments of aquatic ecosystems involving microalgae known to respond rapidly and quantitatively to abiotic stress factors promoting excessive reactive oxygen species generation.

This article reports on the evolution of breakdance. Given the inclusion of breakdancing in the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, France, scholars have generated substantial international research related to breakdance teaching in recent years. However, few researchers have focused on the impact of formal formative assessment on breakdance teachers’ teaching and students’ learning. We wish to contribute to the quality of breakdance teaching and learning by identifying the positive impact of recent research on formative assessment on student learning and designing a formal formative assessment task related to breakdance. This article lays out a framework of formal formative assessment tasks and identifies the positive impact of formative assessment on dance education. Although our work is far from perfect, it does provide a general methodological framework for assessing breakdance students’ abilities in formal educational settings.

The writing system -- the transparency of orthography in alphabet-based systems and differences between logographic and phonetic-based systems -- can affect the efficiency of inferential word learning when words are introduced visually. It can also shape how people self-evaluate their learning success (we refer to such type of self-evaluation as metacognitive monitoring of word learning). By contrast, differences in metacognition and learning performance do not emerge when words are presented auditorily. To measure metacognition, we assessed retrospective confidence by asking participants to rate their certainty about the correctness of their responses. As this direct question raises a person's conscious awareness of how well they have learned a particular lexical unit, it allowed us to measure those aspects of metacognition that are modulated by consciousness. Such consciousness comes into play when a word is associated with an object. Differences in conscious awareness of the word learning success when words are represented visually make differential demands on word learning across languages and modalities. The observed differences between populations using different writing systems and between perceptual modalities may potentially modulate the effectiveness of vocabulary acquisition activities during foreign language learning.

This study investigates the affecting pattern of cooling rates on the physical and mechanical properties of granite at high temperature. The different cooling rates are realized by cooling the heated granite specimens in the air at room temperature, −60 °C, and −100 °C. Slow cooling in the unplugged furnace is also performed on an additional set of specimens as a reference group. Physical and mechanical tests are performed on the granite specimens after thermal shock treatments. The results indicate a decreasing trend of the dry density, P-wave velocity, strength, and fracture toughness, and an increasing trend of the porosity, as the heating level or the cooling rate ascends. The microscopic observation on the fracture surface of the tested specimens manifests the deteriorating effect of thermal shock with a higher cooling rate, where the transition from trans-granular and intra-granular fracturing to intergranular fracturing serves to explain the variation pattern of the properties obtained in the lab tests.

In this study, immersion experiments were conducted on the geopolymer mortar (GPM) by using artificial seawater, and the effects of alkali equivalent (AE) and waterglass modulus (WGM) on the resistance of geopolymer mortar (GPM) to seawater immersion were analyzed. The test subjected 300 specimens to 270 days of artificial seawater immersion and periodic performance tests. Alkali equivalent (AE) (3–15%) and waterglass modulus (WGM) (1.0–1.8) were employed as influencing factors, and the mass loss and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) were used as the performance evaluation indexes, combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the time-varying pattern of geopolymer mortar (GPM) performance with seawater immersion. The findings demonstrated a general trend of initially growing and then declining in the uniaxial compression strength (UCS) of geopolymer mortar (GPM) under seawater immersion. The resistance of geopolymer mortar (GPM) to seawater immersion decreased with both higher or lower alkali equivalent (AE), and the ideal range of alkali equivalent (AE) was 9–12%. The diffusion layer of the bilayer structure of the waterglass particle became thinner with an increase in waterglass modulus (WGM), which ultimately led to the reduction in the resistance of the geopolymer structure to seawater immersion. Additionally, a support vector regression (SVR) model was developed based on the experimental data to predict the uniaxial compression strength (UCS) of GPM under seawater immersion. The model performed better and was able to achieve accurate prediction within 1–2 months, and provided an accurate approach to predicting the strength of geopolymer materials in a practical offshore construction project.

Shenzhen has experienced rapid urbanization since the establishment of the Special Economic Zone in 1978. However, it is rare to witness high-speed urbanization in Shenzhen. It is important to study the LUCC progress in Shenzhen (regarding refusing multisource data), which can provide a reference for governments to solve the problems of land resource shortages and urban expansion spaces. In this paper, nine Landsat images were used to retrieve land cover maps in Shenzhen, China, from 1979 to 2022. The classification method is based on support vector machines with assistance from visual interpretation. The results show that the urban area increased by 756.84 km2, the vegetation area decreased by 546.27 km2, the water area decreased by 132.95 km2, and the bare area decreased by 77.62 km2 in the last 43 years of our research region. Urban sprawl starts from the Luohu district, then propagates to Futian, Nanshan, and Yantian districts, and finally expands to other outlying districts (Baoan, Longgang, Guangming, Dapeng, and Pingshan). The spatial–temporal characteristics and the impact factors of urbanization were further analyzed. The visualization of land cover changes based on a complex network approach reveals that the velocity of urban expansion is growing. The coastline distributions were retrieved from nine observation times from 1979 to 2022; the results show that the west coastline changed more dramatically than the east and most of the east coastline remained stable, except for the parts near Yantian port and Mirs Bay, which experienced some changes. The impact factors of coastline changes are further discussed. Through a correlation analysis using urban data, such as transportation and socioeconomic factors, it was found that elevation and roads have strong constraints on the spatial patterns of a city’s expansion. There is exponential decay in the urban land increase against the distance to the roads, implying that traffic factors greatly determine urban land expansion. The turning point of the exponential decay is a distance of around 150 m. Time and population are highly correlated with land use development, indicating that urban land grows linearly with time and the population, which are important driving forces of urban land development. Compared with secondary and tertiary industries, the primary industry is less related to urban land use in Shenzhen.

Objective: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule and redox factor important for cardiovascular function. Deficiencies in its production or bioavailability are implicated in atherosclerotic disease. However, it is unknown if circulating H2S levels differ between vasculopaths and healthy individuals, and if so, whether H2S measurements can be used to predict surgical outcomes. Here, we examined: (1) Plasma H2S levels in patients undergoing vascular surgery and compared these to healthy controls, and (2) the association between H2S levels and mortality in a cohort of patients undergoing surgical revascularization.Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, open lower extremity revascularization or lower leg amputation were enrolled at a single institution. Peripheral blood was also collected from a matched control cohort of 20 patients without peripheral or coronary artery disease. Plasma H2S production capacity and sulfide concentration were measured using the lead acetate and monobromobimane methods, respectively.Results: Plasma H2S production capacity and plasma sulfide concentrations were reduced in patients with PAD (p < 0.001, p = 0.013, respectively). Patients that underwent surgical revascularization were divided into high vs. low H2S production capacity groups by median split. Patients in the low H2S production group had increased probability of mortality (p = 0.003). This association was robust to correction for potentially confounding variables using Cox proportional hazard models.Conclusion: Circulating H2S levels were lower in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Patients undergoing surgical revascularization with lower H2S production capacity, but not sulfide concentrations, had increased probability of mortality within 36 months post-surgery. This work provides insight on the role H2S plays as a diagnostic and potential therapeutic for cardiovascular disease.

Rice disease has serious negative effects on crop yield, and the correct diagnosis of rice diseases is the key to avoid these effects. However, the existing disease diagnosis methods for rice are neither accurate nor efficient, and special equipment is often required. In this study, an automatic diagnosis method was developed and implemented in a smartphone app. The method was developed using deep learning based on a large dataset that contained 33,026 images of six types of rice diseases: leaf blast, false smut, neck blast, sheath blight, bacterial stripe disease, and brown spot. The core of the method was the Ensemble Model in which submodels were integrated. Finally, the Ensemble Model was validated using a separate set of images. Results showed that the three best submodels were DenseNet-121, SE-ResNet-50, and ResNeSt-50, in terms of several attributes, such as, learning rate, precision, recall, and disease recognition accuracy. Therefore, these three submodels were selected and integrated in the Ensemble Model. The Ensemble Model minimized confusion among the different types of disease, reducing misdiagnosis of the disease. Using the Ensemble Model to diagnose six types of rice diseases, an overall accuracy of 91% was achieved, which is considered to be reasonably good, considering the appearance similarities in some types of rice disease. The smartphone app allowed the client to use the Ensemble Model on the web server through a network, which was convenient and efficient for the field diagnosis of rice leaf blast, false smut, neck blast, sheath blight, bacterial stripe disease, and brown spot.

Background Failure rates after revascularization surgery remain high, both in vein grafts (VG) and arterial interventions. One promising approach to improve outcomes is endogenous upregulation of the gaseous transmitter‐molecule hydrogen sulfide, via short‐term dietary restriction. However, strict patient compliance stands as a potential translational barrier in the vascular surgery patient population. Here we present a new therapeutic approach, via a locally applicable gel containing the hydrogen sulfide releasing prodrug (GYY), to both mitigate graft failure and improve arterial remodeling. Methods and Results All experiments were performed on C57BL/6 (male, 12 weeks old) mice. VG surgery was performed by grafting a donor‐mouse cava vein into the right common carotid artery of a recipient via an end‐to‐end anastomosis. In separate experiments arterial intimal hyperplasia was assayed via a right common carotid artery focal stenosis model. All mice were harvested at postoperative day 28 and artery/graft was processed for histology. Efficacy of hydrogen sulfide was first tested via GYY supplementation of drinking water either 1 week before VG surgery (pre‐GYY) or starting immediately postoperatively (post‐GYY). Pre‐GYY mice had a 36.5% decrease in intimal/media+adventitia area ratio compared with controls. GYY in a 40% Pluronic gel (or vehicle) locally applied to the graft/artery had decreased intimal/media area ratios (right common carotid artery) and improved vessel diameters. GYY‐geltreated VG had larger diameters at both postoperative days 14 and 28, and a 56.7% reduction in intimal/media+adventitia area ratios. Intimal vascular smooth muscle cell migration was decreased 30.6% after GYY gel treatment, which was reproduced in vitro. Conclusions Local gel‐based treatment with the hydrogen sulfide‐donor GYY stands as a translatable therapy to improve VG durability and arterial remodeling after injury.

Fertilizer discharge process is a critical part of fertilizer application, as it affects the fertilizer discharge rate and uniformity of fertilizer application. In this study, a spiral grooved-wheel fertilizer discharge device was designed to replace the conventional straight grooved-wheel. Comparisons of the fertilizer discharge performance of the two grooved-wheel types were performed through tests and simulations using the discrete element method (DEM). The discharge performance of the two discharge devices was assessed by measuring the discharge mass rate, discharge uniformity, and the falling velocity of the fertilizer particles. Results showed that under similar conditions, the fertilizer discharge mass rate of the spiral grooved-wheel was higher than that of the straight grooved-wheel. The fertilizer discharge uniformity of the spiral grooved-wheel was much better than that of the straight grooved-wheel. The average falling velocity of fertilizer particles through the discharge spout was higher under the spiral grooved-wheel. The relative errors between the test and simulation results for the discharge mass rates, discharge uniformity, and particle falling velocities of the spiral grooved-wheel were all less than 10%. The developed spiral grooved-wheel exhibited a better performance than the conventional straight grooved-wheel, in all the aspects examined. The results serve as a theoretical basis for guiding the design of high-performance fertilizer applicators.

Introduction: Local inflammation is an important regulator of vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that adipose tissue adjacent to hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae modulates maturation. Methods: During fistula creation, perivenous adipose was collected from 111 participants in the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study. Nine adipose-associated mediators were measured. Duplex ultrasound was performed at 4 time points postoperatively from 1 day to first cannulation (10–26 weeks). Associations between logarithmically transformed biomarker levels and fistula remodeling were evaluated using mixed effects regression. Results: Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were associated with a reduction in the fractional vein diameter during the early time frame of 1 day to 2 weeks (diameter change of 26.6% and 20.4% at the 25th and 75th percentile for IL-6, P = 0.01; 27.8% and 21.1% at the 25th and 75th percentile for MCP-1, P = 0.02), but not in later stages of remodeling. Local leptin levels showed a significant negative correlation with fractional venous flow increase between 2 and 6 weeks (percent flow change 31.4% and 11.3% at the 25th and 75th percentile for leptin, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Thus, impaired fistula vein dilation and reduced capacity for flow augmentation associate with specific local adipose phenotypic signatures in a time-dependent manner. In view of adipose tissue plasticity, these findings raise the possibility of novel adipose-based strategies to facilitate fistula maturation. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, fistula maturation, hemodialysis, inflammation, perivascular adipose tissue

(1) Background: Vascular surgery operations are hampered by high failure rates and frequent occurrence of peri-operative cardiovascular complications. In pre-clinical studies, pre-operative restriction of proteins and/or calories (PCR) has been shown to limit ischemia-reperfusion damage, slow intimal hyperplasia, and improve metabolic fitness. However, whether these dietary regimens are feasible and safe in the vascular surgery patient population remains unknown. (2) Methods: We performed a randomized controlled trial in patients scheduled for any elective open vascular procedure. Participants were randomized in a 3:2 ratio to either four days of outpatient pre-operative PCR (30% calorie, 70% protein restriction) or their regular ad-libitum diet. Blood was drawn at baseline, pre-operative, and post-operative day 1 timepoints. A leukocyte subset flow cytometry panel was performed at these timepoints. Subcutaneous/perivascular adipose tissue was sampled and analyzed. Follow-up was one year post-op. (3) Results: 19 patients were enrolled, of whom 11 completed the study. No diet-related reasons for non-completion were reported, and there was no intervention group crossover. The PCR diet induced weight loss and BMI decrease without malnutrition. Insulin sensitivity was improved after four days of PCR (p = 0.05). Between diet groups, there were similar rates of re-intervention, wound infection, and cardiovascular complications. Leukocyte populations were maintained after four days of PCR. (4) Conclusions: Pre-operative PCR is safe and feasible in elective vascular surgery patients.

Solar energy-gas-fired boiler heating systems attract widespread attention due to their eco-friendly technologies and reasonable prices. In order to promote the application of a solar energy-gas-fired boiler system for decentralized heating, this study proposed a holistic method to optimize the combination of equipment specifications and control strategies of the system. A detailed mathematical model of the hybrid energy system was developed and validated by experiments to simulate various operating conditions and evaluate the optimal design results. A case study was conducted in Tianjin, China, and optimal schemes were obtained. The influence of different factors on the system’s annual comprehensive energy efficiency ratio (AEER) and annual cost (AC) were studied by sensitivity analysis; the results showed that the solar collector area was extremely valuable for the optimization of AEER and AC. The results of this study provide a reference for the optimization design of the solar energy-gas-fired boiler system, which is beneficial to the promotion of the utilization of solar energy.

Rock failure phenomena, such as rockburst, slabbing (or spalling) and zonal disintegration, related to deep underground excavation of hard rocks are frequently reported and pose a great threat to deep mining. Currently, the explanation for these failure phenomena using existing dynamic or static rock mechanics theory is not straightforward. In this study, new theory and testing method for deep underground rock mass under coupled static-dynamic loading are introduced. Two types of coupled loading modes, i.e. “critical static stress + slight disturbance” and “elastic static stress + impact disturbance”, are proposed, and associated test devices are developed. Rockburst phenomena of hard rocks under coupled static-dynamic loading are successfully reproduced in the laboratory, and the rockburst mechanism and related criteria are demonstrated. The results of true triaxial unloading compression tests on granite and red sandstone indicate that the unloading can induce slabbing when the confining pressure exceeds a certain threshold, and the slabbing failure strength is lower than the shear failure strength according to the conventional Mohr-Column criterion. Numerical results indicate that the rock unloading failure response under different in situ stresses and unloading rates can be characterized by an equivalent strain energy density. In addition, we present a new microseismic source location method without premeasuring the sound wave velocity in rock mass, which can efficiently and accurately locate the rock failure in hard rock mines. Also, a new idea for deep hard rock mining using a non-explosive continuous mining method is briefly introduced.

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after surgery that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The majority of existing perioperative AKI risk prediction models are limited in their generalizability and do not fully utilize intraoperative physiological time-series data. Thus, there is a need for intelligent, accurate, and robust systems to leverage new information as it becomes available to predict the risk of developing postoperative AKI.MethodsA retrospective single-center cohort of 2,911 adults who underwent surgery at the University of Florida Health between 2000 and 2010 was utilized for this study. Machine learning and statistical analysis techniques were used to develop perioperative models to predict the risk of developing AKI during the first three days after surgery, first seven days after surgery, and overall (after surgery during the index hospitalization). The improvement in risk prediction was examined by incorporating intraoperative physiological time-series variables. Our proposed model enriched a preoperative model that produced a probabilistic AKI risk score by integrating intraoperative statistical features through a machine learning stacking approach inside a random forest classifier. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI).ResultsThe predictive performance of the proposed model is better than the preoperative data only model. The proposed model had an AUC of 0.86 (accuracy of 0.78) for the seven-day AKI outcome, while the preoperative model had an AUC of 0.84 (accuracy of 0.76). Furthermore, by integrating intraoperative features, the algorithm was able to reclassify 40% of the false negative patients from the preoperative model. The NRI for each outcome was AKI at three days (8%), seven days (7%), and overall (4%).ConclusionsPostoperative AKI prediction was improved with high sensitivity and specificity through a machine learning approach that dynamically incorporated intraoperative data.

The surrounding rocks of underground engineering are generally subjected to a biaxial compressive stress condition. The failure properties of rocks under such a stress condition are worthy of being studied to ensure the stability of surrounding rock. This study aims to investigate the mechanical characteristics and acoustic emission (AE) properties of granite, marble, and sandstone in biaxial compression tests. Under biaxial confinements, it is evident that the elastic moduli of the three types of rocks decrease, and the plasticity increases monotonously with the increase of the intermediate principal stress σ2. As σ2 increases, the biaxial compressive strength σbcs of rock increases initially and subsequently decreases. The lateral strain ε2 of rock under biaxial confinement is controlled by both σ1 and σ2, and the restrain degree in the development of microcracks and the constrain extent in the expansion along the direction of σ2 are both enhanced gradually with increase in σ2. The sharp increase points of AE hit and AE count indicate that the failure will occur soon. The AF-RA distribution of AE signals shows that the increase of σ2 causes more tensile cracks in rock. According to the dip failure angle of macro-cracks in rock under biaxial confinement, the failure modes of granite and marble are slabbing, while failure mode of sandstone is shear. In addition, the σ2 has a positive effect on the mass ratio of large size fragments after rock failure. An exponent relationship between the σbcs and σ2 was found, and the inner apices–inscribed Drucker–Prager criterion can be used to predict the σbcs of rock.

Grain number per rice panicle, which directly determines grain yield, is an important agronomic trait for rice breeding and yield-related research. However, manually counting grains of rice per panicle is time-consuming, laborious, and error-prone. In this research, a grain detection model was proposed to automatically recognize and count grains on primary branches of a rice panicle. The model used image analysis based on deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN), by integrating the feature pyramid network (FPN) into the faster R-CNN network. The performance of the grain detection model was compared to that of the original faster R-CNN model and the SSD model, and it was found that the grain detection model was more reliable and accurate. The accuracy of the grain detection model was not affected by the lighting condition in which images of rice primary branches were taken. The model worked well for all rice branches with various numbers of grains. Through applying the grain detection model to images of fresh and dry branches, it was found that the model performance was not affected by the grain moisture conditions. The overall accuracy of the grain detection model was 99.4%. Results demonstrated that the model was accurate, reliable, and suitable for detecting grains of rice panicles with various conditions.

AIM: To obtain whether air tamponade is the recommended way after vitrectomy in idiopathic macular hole by surveying the closure rate, functional and morphological recovery after surgery with room air-filled.METHODS:A total of 31 eyes of 31 patients with consecutive idiopathic macular hole, who undergone 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with room air-filled were retrospectively studied. Surgical outcomes were analyzed, regarding best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), hole closure rate, damage diameter of IS/OS with spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT), the degree of visual distortion before and after surgery, surgical complications to discuss clinical significance and value about the patients after air tamponade.RESULTS: The closure rate was 100% among the patients with hole diameter ≤250μm. The closure rate was 88.9% among thoes 250～400μm, and it was 93.3% among those 400～600μm. Mean BCVA at baseline, 1 and 3mo was 0.12±0.08, 0.28±0.15 and 0.27±0.18, respectively. The damage diameter of IS/OS was 1962.1±510.7μm before surgery and 1245.3±396.5μm 3mo after surgery. The differences were statistically significant before and after surgery(P=0.016). The mean prone posturing period was 3.5±0.4d. The degree of visual distortion had significant improvement. There were no serious surgical complications after surgery. CONCLUSION: Room air tamponade can obtain good closure rate, recovery of visual function, a short time in the prone position and no serious surgical complications for idiopathic macular hole. It is the recommended surgical approach after vitrectomy in idiopathic macular hole.

AIM:To investigate the prevalence and related high risk factors of retinal vessels disease of native Tibetan among the aged 40 and above in Maqin county, Qinghai province, China.METHODS:The cluster sampling method was used to investigate the visual acuity and retinal vessel diseases of the native Tibetan among the aged 40 and above in Maqin county.RESULTS:Totally 2 511 individuals were underwent the survey, among them, 29 cases(37 eyes)were of retinal vessel diseases, the prevalence was 1.15%, 21 cases(23 eyes)were retinal vein obstruction(0.84%), 5 cases(10 eyes)were diabetic retinopathy(0.20%), 3 cases(4 eyes)were retinal vasculitis(0.12%). The blindness and low vision of retinal vessels disease were 23 eyes(0.92%).CONCLUSION:All the hypertension, hyperglycemia, erythrocytosis, high altitude and weight are the high risk factors of retinal vessel diseases which are the main eyes fundus disease could grow blind.

AIM: To assess the morphological features, classification, and contrastive analysis between the features of optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)in clinically high myopic maculopathy. METHODS: Totally 61 patients(101 eyes)with clinically high myopic maculopathy. Distant vision was examined through E Standard Logarithm Eyesight Table. Integrated optometry to determine the dioptre and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA). Axial length(AL)measurements obtained through IOL-Master. Fundus examinations performed in patients with high myopia after pupil dilation. OCT and FFA were done separately in each case of myopic maculopathy on the same day. FFA and indocyanine green angiogrsphy(FFA& ICGA)was done if need be. The correlation between FFA types and OCT types were analyzed, and their associations with dioptre, BCVA, AL and central foveal thickness were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of lacquer crack type was higher in the OCT type 1(57.14%)than in the choroidal neovascularization(CNV)type and macular atrophy type(21.43%)of fluorescein angiography, the difference was statistically significant(PPPPPCONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between the features of OCT and FFA in high myopicmaculopathy. The analysis of clinically high myopic maculopathy based on combination of OCT and FFA can provide information that may be useful to make sure the nature of high myopia, disclose the pathogenesis and to optimize the treatment for each type.

The Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to determine the fracture characteristics of a long bar rock specimen with an elliptical cavity under different axial ratios and dip angles. A high speed camera was applied to record the fracturing process of the granite specimen around the cavity. The experimental results showed that the fracture characteristics around the elliptical cavity were closely related to the axial ratio and dip angle. A three-dimensional numerical model was established using LS-DYNA to quantitatively analyze the dynamic stress state around the cavity. The numerical results indicate that the dip angle and axial ratio of the elliptical cavity significantly affected the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF), then affected the rock failure. The location of higher DSCF led to a higher possibility of spalling failure. The maximum DSCF remarkably decreased with a decreasing dip angle and increased the axial ratio. In the dynamic loading propagate process, the stress concentration distribution around the cavity formed by a compression stress wave had a certain damaging effect on the destruction of rock around the cavity, and the stress concentration generated by the tensile stress wave was the main factor of the rock fracture, which was most notable in the peak area of the stress concentration.

Excavation-damaged zones (EDZs) induced in underground mining and civil engineering potentially threaten tunnel safety and stability, and increase construction and support costs. In this paper, an investigation of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around roadways in Fankou lead-zinc mine in Guangzhou, China is performed by applying a seismic velocity method accompanied by SET-PLT-01 nonmetallic ultrasonic detector. Meanwhile, the in situ stress in the mining area was measured based on the stress relief method with the Swedish high-precision LUT system. The results indicate that the stress field is dominated by the maximum horizontal tectonic stress, and the extents of the EDZ on the roof-floor region are greater than that on the sidewall. In addition, both of the in situ stresses and EDZs show an increasing trend with an increase of depth. Analytical solutions of EDZ around circular openings in the brittle rock mass subjected to non-hydrostatic stress fields are presented in terms of the Mohr−Coulomb and generalized Hoek−Brown criteria, and validated by several cases mentioned above. The extents of EDZ solved by closed-form solutions were found to be in a great agreement with those obtained in the field. Finally, a series of parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of cohesion (c), friction angle (φ), geological strength index (GSI), mi, uniaxial compressive strength (σc), and disturbance factor (D) on EDZ. It is shown that the effects of c, φ, GSI, and σc are significant; however, more attention should be paid to consider the dynamic disturbances induced by mechanical drilling, blasting, and seismic waves in tunnel excavations or operations.

Automatic and efficient plant leaf geometry parameter measurement offers useful information for plant management. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient and effective leaf geometry parameter measurement system based on the Android phone platform. The Android mobile phone was used to process and measure geometric parameters of the leaf, such as length, width, perimeter, and area. First, initial leaf images were pre-processed by some image algorithms, then distortion calibration was proposed to eliminate image distortion. Next, a method for calculating leaf parameters by using the positive circumscribed rectangle of the leaf as a reference object was proposed to improve the measurement accuracy. The results demonstrated that the test distances from 235 to 260 mm and angles from 0 to 45 degrees had little influence on the leafs’ geometric parameters. Both lab and outdoor measurements of leaf parameters showed that the developed method and the standard method were highly correlated. In addition, for the same leaf, the results of different mobile phone measurements were not significantly different. The leaf geometry parameter measurement system based on the Android phone platform used for this study could produce high accuracy measurements for leaf geometry parameters.

AIM:To analyze retinal reattachment rate and the incidence of high intraocular pressure vitreous surgery combined with silicone oil or C3F8 tamponade for patients with macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in pathologic high myopic eyes. And to provide clinical reference of such surgery in the choice of filler. METHODS:A retrospective case-controlled study was designed. Continuous observation of the patients with high myopia MHRD at different periods was carried out. These patients who underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil or C3F8 intraocular tamponade were retrospectively analyzed in 1wk and 1, 3, 6, 12mo after surgery. The rate of retinal reattachment and the incidence of high intraocular pressure were analyzed between two groups, in order to obtain the best way to fill.RSULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of retinal reattachment between silicone oil group and C3F8 tamponade group after initial surgery although silicone oil group was higher than C3F8 tamponade group in the rate of retinal reattachment. Silicone oil group was higher than C3F8 tamponade group of the incidence about high intraocular pressure after vitreous surgery. But there was no statistically significant difference in both groups.CONCLUSION: We should take individual programs which filler were used after vitrectomy for patient with MHRD in high myopic eyes.

The pleiotropic benefits of statins in cardiovascular diseases that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects have been well documented, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that simvastatin significantly improves human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell functions in both baseline and diabetic conditions by reducing chromatin accessibility at transcriptional enhanced associate domain elements and ultimately at endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-regulating genes in a yes-associated protein (YAP)-dependent manner. Inhibition of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) I, a mevalonate pathway intermediate, repressed YAP nuclear translocation and YAP activity via RhoA signaling antagonism. We further identified a previously undescribed SOX9 enhancer downstream of statin-YAP signaling that promotes the EndMT process. Thus, inhibition of any component of the GGTase-RhoA-YAP-SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) signaling axis was shown to rescue EndMT-associated endothelial dysfunction both in vitro and in vivo, especially under diabetic conditions. Overall, our study reveals an epigenetic modulatory role for simvastatin in repressing EndMT to confer protection against endothelial dysfunction.