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As a coating method compatible with printing, one-step spin-coating is widely used for fabricating perovskite thin films. Controlling the crystal growth rate of two precursors is essential to obtain a homogeneous film morphology. However, the film formation mechanism and role of solvate systems during spin-coating have not yet been clearly revealed. In this work, we implemented the in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite material based on various additive systems to adjust the unbalanced crystal growth rate of CH3NH3I and PbI2. As we expected, the behavior of the solvate phase was strikingly mediated by various additives, and one of the additives greatly slowed the PbI2 solvate phase, thus overcoming the imbalance in the crystal growth rate. Consequently, the well-controlled perovskite films have both good film morphology and high photovoltaic performance with excellent reproducibility.

Frozen shoulder is also known as fifty-year-old shoulder in Taiwan. As the name suggested, the incidence of the syndrome has higher probability of occurrences in fifties or older. However, as working hours become longer, the chances of suffering from the insidious onset of diffusing pain is greater. Especially for workers who have been sitting in front of computers and using mouse for a long period of times without any exercises. This painful shoulder syndrome associated with working men happens more often than those of average persons. The paper applies IoT methodologies connecting a simple sensor to control the mouse usage and monitoring rehabilitation actions of the workers. The aggregated data are integrated into a database. Therefore, doctors can review the mouse usages and rehabilitation records at any moment. According to the data, doctors can diagnose promptly to reduce the incidence of Frozen shoulder or improve the condition of the symptom for the workers.

The rapid growth of wireless LAN-enabled devices over recent years has generated a successful framework for wireless data accessing. It seems viable to expand the framework as part of the last mile solution for mobile users to access data services. Therefore, in this paper, we further focus on quality of service (QoS) and timeliness issues for supporting advanced multimedia applications in such environments. A bridging model, named Q-bridge, is proposed in the paper for layer-2 access points to exhibiting QoS and real-time packet scheduling capabilities in the last mile configuration. The model explicitly applies the imprecise computation technique. That is, each bridged packet can be logically divided into two portions: a mandatory portion and an optimal portion. The mandatory portions must be scheduled to transmit by their deadlines while the optional portions can be chopped to meet their deadlines or QoS requirements. By taking advantage of this model and the scheduling algorithms we devised, wireless data services can benefit from QoS and timeliness guarantees provided by access points supporting Q-bridge at the last mile.