Search

Objective: In this work, a gastro-retentive floating microsphere delivery system composed of Drug/Glyceryl mono-oleate (GMO) embedded in a Ca-alginate gas-generated matrix was designed to improve the bioavailability of a slightly-soluble model drug Famotidine. Methods: The water/Oil emulsion method was used to prepare Famotidine floatable microspheres, and formulation variables such as Alginate: GMO ratio, gas-generated bicarbonates concentration, and loading drug concentration were investigated. Conventional techniques, including DSC, XRD and FTIR were performed to confirm Famotidine compatibility with GMO and Alginate polymers. Real-Time X-ray Radiography was used for in vivo imaging of Famotidine floatable microspheres using rabbits as an animal model. HPLC spectroscopic technique was used to determine Famotidine plasma concentration after oral administration of Alginate-GMO loaded microspheres. Results: Floating Famotidine Alginate-GMO microspheres (0.75:1:0.25) w/w/w showed a remarkable entrapment efficiency (>98%), good buoyancy (>84) and prolonged in vitro drug release properties (>24 hours). DSC, XRD, and FTIR techniques showed no evidence of interaction between Famotidine and Alginate or GMO. In vivo Imaging of Famotidine floatable microspheres showed that capsules containing Famotidine-Alginate microspheres were not detected after 3 h of administration, while capsules containing Famotidine-GMO-Alginate microspheres can be detected for more than 12 h, indicating superior gastric retention properties. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for Famotidine: GMO-Alginate, and Famotidine: alginate and compared with the plain drug over 24 h period. Famotidine: GMO-Alginate microspheres exhibited controlled and prolonged absorption Tmax of 6.0 vs. 3.0 and 2.0 h; Cmax of 124.9±0.9 vs. 323.7±0.4and 458.6±0.5 ng/ml; AUC0-24 of 2153.025±6.7 vs. 1650.4±1.9 and 1110.725±2.1 ng/ml for Famotidine: alginate and plain drug, respectively, reflecting the increase in the bioavailability of the drug in the floating formulations compared to the free drug. Conclusion: Prolonged gastric retention time and sustained release properties of floating GMO-alginate microsphere suggest that it could provide a valuable sustained release dosage form of slightly-soluble drugs.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of ESL instructors in assisting their students with vocabulary development at a private institution in Kurdistan. When learning a new language, vocabulary plays a key role in both language acquisition and overall academic success. Having a working grasp of English is essential for students in Kurdistan, not just to meet the academic requirements for a given degree but also to help them succeed in using English in their daily lives. Because vocabulary is so important in communicating in English, this study aims to investigate the wide range of approaches students take to learning new words. Results showed that self-regulation abilities were positively related to memory, cognitive, metacognitive, and social techniques for vocabulary acquisition. The strongest correlation was found between social strategy and the ability to regulate one's own vocabulary learning (B=.547).

Education is often regarded as an effective means of guiding students in the process of altering their behavior to conform to the standards of both themselves and the expectations of society. Both students' anxiety and their attitudes toward learning are seen as essential elements of the educational process; as a consequence, both factors play an important part in the development of second language skills. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the factors that cause students attending private institutions in Erbil to experience anxiety when they are studying a foreign language. A quantitative study approach was used to quantify the students' anxiety, and the factors that were taken into consideration were fear of receiving a negative evaluation, communication apprehension, and exam anxiety. The researcher was successful in collecting the necessary data after adapting and modifying a survey that had been established by previous academics. The researcher was successful in collecting 92 surveys that had all of the required fields filled out. Using multiple regression analysis, each of the study hypotheses could be evaluated. The findings of this research showed that a student's fear of experiencing negative anxiety was related to a greater level of anxiety when it came to the process of learning a new language, but a student's fear of performing poorly on a test was related to a lower value, among other factors.

This study was carried out during 2021 growing season at the private rain-fed irrigated system vineyard on two cultivars of grapevine (Rashmiree and White Sadany) and chosen vines were 20 years old, and trained by head system a field experiment was located Shar-Bazher at Wazha village, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, to investigate the impact of three different pollinators (Taify, Doshawy, and Trerash) as pollinators (pollen donors) and the control (self-pollination) vines provided no yield on some vegetative growth, yield and chemical characteristics of two grape cultivars. The effect of cultivars, Rashmiree obtained significant influence in (bunch weight, width, weight of 100 berries, and volume of 100 berries) characters, but Sadany gave only in maximum bunch width, in other properties there were nonsignificant differences between cultivars. The Bunch weight, Bunch length, bunch width, and the number of berries per bunch were high significant when Rashmiree cultivar pollinate with Trerash pollinator. While the T.S.S%, Total sugar, lowest in TA% and seeds per berry were high significant when Sadany cultivar pollinate with Trerash pollinator. Rashmiree cultivar gave high significant in TA%, and minimum in T.S.S%, total sugar, and number of seeds per berry when pollinated with Taify pollinator.

اصبحت الجرائم الاقتصادية (الجريمة المنظمة ) ظاهرة دولية متنامية وخطيرة ، اثارت الرأي العام والمجتمع الدولي والباحثيين الاقتصاديين ، هذا الموضوع يعتبر من التخصصات الاقتصادية والقانونية والاجتماعية الحديثة والمهمة وخاصة في القرن الواحد والعشرون ، والانتشار السريع لهذه الجرائم والاثار السلبية التي تخلفها (من هدر للموارد الاقتصادية ) ، جعلت الدول والمؤسسات والمنظمات الدولية عاجزة عن معرفة الحجم الفعلي لهذه الجرائم ومعرفة اساليبها وكيفية مكافحتها والقضاء عليها ، وعليه ركزت الدراسات والبحوث العلمية حول هذه المجال ، ولذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة الى دراسة بعض الجرائم الاقتصادية وبيان اثرها في النمو الاقتصادي في المكسيك ، يتم بداية السرد النظري للجرائم الاقتصادية واسباب انتشارها واثارها وبيان انواعها (جريمة الاتجار بالمخدرات غير المشروعة والاتجار غير المشروع بالاسلحة ،الاتجار بالبشر ، غسيل الاموال ) والتي تعتبر الجزء الغير الشرعي من الاقتصاد الغير الرسمي ، والتي لا تدخل ضمن حسابات الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وذلك لانها جرائم تتميز بالسرية وتتم في الخفاء ، وبالتالي يصعب رصدها وقياسها ، ومن ثم السرد الجانب النظري للنمو الاقتصادي والدراسات السابقة ، واخيرا يتم التطرق الى الجانب التطبيقي (الانموذج القياسي) ومن خلال معدلات النمو لمتغيرات الانموذج ، وتم اختيار المتغير المعتمد (النمو الاقتصادي ) لمعرفة مدى الضرر التي يلحق بالموارد الاقتصادية والنمو الاقتصادي ، و المتغير المستقل الجرائم الاقتصادي (الاتجار بالمخدرات غير المشروعة، والاتجار بالبشر ، وغسيل الاموال) وهي تعتبر هدر للموارد الاقتصادية المتاحة النادرة ، وبأفتراض ان العلاقة عكسية بين المتغير المعتمد والمتغير المسقل ، عينة الدراسة (دولة المكسيك) وللفترة المحدودة (2020-2000) والاعتماد على بيانات المنشورة في (W.B.)(DATAUNODC) (FATF) (UIF)، وقد توصلت الدراسة مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها : غياب تعريف موحد للجرائم الاقتصادية ، لخصائصه العديدة وظهور

Ethanol extracts of Caulerpa racemosa, Dictyopteris acrostichoides, Halimeda opuntia and Polycladia myrica, were tested for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 (human hepatoma), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), and Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cells. Dictyopteris acrostichoides displayed cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7 and Caco-2 with IC50 values of 11.65, 9.28 and 16.86 µg/mL, respectively in comparison to doxorubicin as a positive control, (IC50 = 5.72, 5.17 and 5.81 µg/mL, respectively). LC-HR-ESI-MS metabolic profiling of the D. acrostichoides extract characterized seventeen metabolites (1–17). In silico analysis indicated 1-(3-oxo-undecyldisulfanyl)-undecan-3-one (16) was the most active EGFR inhibitor, while 1-(3-Oxo-undecyldisulfanyl)-undecan-3-one (16) and di(3-acetoxy-5-undecenyl) disulfide (17) were the most active VEGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, the ethanol extract of D. acrostichoides was tested against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase (IC50 = 0.11 µg/mL) compared to lapatinib as a positive control, (IC50 = 0.03µg/mL) and against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (IC50 = 0.276 µg/mL) compared to sorafenib as a positive control, (IC50 = 0.049 µg/mL).

This paper aims at presenting the specifics of designing oral presentations as an alternative assessment for elementary students in Kurdistan. Being non-native speakers of English, oral proficiency is an increasingly significant aspect of language teaching among young Kurdish learners. Thus, the purpose of oral presentation in the ‘Family Tree’ task is to build students’ confidence in speaking a foreign language (English language) among young non-native speakers in a creative and comfortable learning environment. It also increases communication among students and the teacher by encouraging students to easily share what they have learned in class. However, previous research has criticized oral examinations for lack of reliability and validity. Consequently, the current research seeks to design a reliable and valid alternative assessment by incorporating the Family Tree task into an oral presentation. To measure students’ oral communication skills, a “Task-Specific” scoring rubric was designed to evaluate students’ performances with four essential dimensions; (1) Vocabulary, (2) Pronunciation, (3) Task, and (4) Fluency. Data were obtained from two elementary classes of a public school located in Dohuk in Kurdistan among 13 boys and 14 girls. The student consists of fourth and fifth-grade students within the range of 9 to 10 years old. The result shows that assessing students using the oral presentation as an alternative assessment escalates students’ confidence and motivation to speak publicly as the examination setting becomes less threatening and that oral presentation using a rubric allows detailed identification of students’ areas of improvement for elementary school students.

Purpose - This research aims to explore the emotional experiences of online learning among high school students during the pandemic period. Underlying issues that led to the development of the emotions, coping mechanisms, and support received were also looked into in the study. Methodology - This qualitative study employed a case study method, involving semi-structured interviews. By using Purposive Sampling, 12 high-school students were selected and interviewed on topics related to i) their emotional experiences in online learning; ii) the strategies they used to deal with their emotions, and iii) the type of support thatthey received throughout their online learning experiences. Thematic Analysis and In-vivo Coding were used to interpret the data and generate suitable themes and sub-themes for the study. Findings - Findings show that students experienced a variety of emotions of unhappiness, happiness, discomfort, frustration, anger, stress, annoyance, exhaustion, shyness, and the feeling of being distracted during the time of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data also show that students coped with their emotions through interaction with others, taking a breather, keeping to themselves, managing the interruptions, and also maintaining focus. When it came to the support received, family support, peer support, financial support, and educational support were the sub-themes that emerged. Significance - The results of this study contribute to the understanding of high school students’ feelings towards online learning and see how they are coping with it during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The article is devoted to the classification based on the thematic principle of the units of the Russian terminological system of the oil and gas industry and the peculiarities of the functioning of terms in different types of discourse. As a result, the author's typology of terms in the oil and gas sector is presented, examples are given that reflect the functioning of terms in the communicative space of scientific and mass-media discourses.

Background: Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which induces a chronic, inflammatory reaction. Some women with endometriosis experience painful symptoms and/or infertility, others have no symptoms at all. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of endometriosis among symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of primary infertility in Tanta University Hospital over one year. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 50 females aged between 20 and 35 years old, with unexplained infertility, symptoms of endometriosis and infertility for 1 or more years. Patients were divided into two equal groups: group (1): cases with unexplained infertility for 1 year or more and group (2): cases with symptoms of primary infertility and endometriosis for 1 year or more. Patients were subjected to the following: meticulous history taking (personal, obstetric and menstrual history, history of present illness, past history 'medical and surgical'), thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, imaging techniques (ultrasound and HSG) and laparoscopy for diagnosis of possible presence of endometriosis. Results: Endometrioma size was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (P value = 0.020). Stage 1 of endometriosis was significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1 and Stage 2, 3 and 4 of endometriosis were significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (P value = 0.04). Dysmenorrhea of endometriosis after treatment were significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1(P value

This paper focused on the stone matrix asphalt (SMA) technology that was developed essentially to guard against rutting distress. For this procedure, fibers play a racy role in stabilizing and preventing the drain down problem caused by the necessity of high binder content coupled with their strengthening effect. A set of specimens with cylindrical and slab shapes were fabricated by inclusions jute, polyester, and carbon fibers. For each type, three contents of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% by weight of mixture were added by lengths of 5, 7.5, and 10 mm. The prepared mixtures were tested to gain the essential pertained parameters discriminated by the values of drain down, Marshall quotient, rut depth, and dynamic stability. It has appeared that the fibers rate of 0.5% and 7.5 mm length is much appropriate to yield the best performance of modified mixtures. At these values, carbon fibers recorded the highest increase level of rutting resistance and dynamic stability by 53% and 100%, respectively while, jute fibers exhibited the lowest improvement by only 34% and 63%, respectively; nevertheless, they produced mixtures having the lowest drain down value. Regarding the index of plastic stiffness, polyester fibers embedded mixtures occupied the first rank of increasing by 38%.

One of the most severe problems with flexible asphalt pavements is permanent deformation in the form of rutting. Accordingly, the practice of adding fiber elements to asphalt mix to improve performance under dynamic loading has grown significantly in order to prevent rutting distress and ensure a safe and long-lasting road surface. This paper explores the effects of a combination of ceramic fiber (CF), a low-cost, easily available mineral fiber, and thermal insulator fiber reinforced to enhance the Marshall properties and increase the rutting resistance of asphalt mixes at high temperatures. Asphalt mixtures with 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 2.25% CF content were prepared, and Marshall stability and wheel tracking tests were employed to study the effect of added CF on asphalt mixture performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were also used to investigate the morphologies of CF and reinforced asphalt mixtures and to identify the mechanism of improvement .According to the study results, the ideal ceramic fiber content was 1.5%, which yielded an improve in Marshall stability and reduced rut depth by 22.05% and 27.71% at temperatures of 50°C and 60°C, respectively, when compared to asphalt mixtures without CF. Microscopic analyses clearly revealed the surface properties, particle diameter size, and fiber distribution of the reinforced mixture, including the network structure and strength mechanism, which improved the performance of the asphalt mixture by forming a three-dimensional network.

Almost four billion people in the world use the internet which includes forms of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Reddit, etc. Along with the gifts of such developed communication technologies, many hardships and future problems have emerged. Misinformation leaks, internet trolls, and the newer trend of cyber-nationalism all come with these advanced forms of technology. The purpose of this paper is to define what these negative consequences mean for us, and what our government is doing with this new power. To be able to grasp a scope of what is happening, the history of the internet and cyber-nationalism need to be distinguished as well as showing different forms of use and how they affect us in our daily lives. Looking through the eyes of a political geographer it is important to see if cyber-nationalism deserves its own category yet as a topic of study, and how this is similar or different to the use of propaganda in the past such as World War II. This paper concludes with final thoughts on the internet and cyber-nationalism, and future research possibilities that help to interpret the use of cyber-nationalism and further its study.

The performance of the pavement in terms of vehicle safety and tire wear is affected by the friction behavior of the pavement. To highlight the main characteristics that affect the production of better friction resistance of the pavement surface in this work. The micro-texture and macro-texture of the asphalt surface of Baghdad Airport highway were studied using two methods: (sand patch method and the British pendulum test). The sand patch was examined by drawing sand grains of a specific volume, while the micro-texture was analyzed using a BPT under dry and wet surface conditions. All data obtained from the two examinations were analyzed and modelled statistically using SPSS 25 software. Results show that skid resistance of pavement surface increase with the increase of MTD, this increase may be due to the increase of coarse aggregate which lead to increase the roughness of the pavement surface, this increase ranged between (96 - 91%). MTD decreases with the increase of traffic flow due to the friction between the road surface and the vehicle tires leading to increase of smoothness of the road surface. This is mean that MTD is highly affected by the traffic flow and this effectiveness ranged between (84-97%). Skid resistance also is highly affected by the traffic flow with an effectiveness ranged between (81-94%) for both pavement conditions. According to the regression analysis for friction and other parameters, it can be concluded that surface friction values are highly affected by cumulative traffic (asphalt mix deterioration) over time. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091775 Full Text: PDF

Background: Bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is a fatal event in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Objective: Evaluation the correlation between Helicobacter Pylori infection and risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on one hundred (100) patients, suffering from post hepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertension: fifty (50) of them presented with esophageogastric varices without bleeding selected from patients coming for screening of esophagogastric varices for anti-hepatitis c virus treatment, and the other fifty (50) presented with acute variceal bleeding. All patients attending to Internal Medicine outpatient’s clinic and Internal Medicine Department of Al-Azhar University Hospital at new Damietta during the period from September 2018, to April 2020. All patients were subjected to complete history, clinical assessment, abdominal ultrasonography, upper GIT endoscope and laboratory investigations. Results: There was a significant relation between H.Pylori infection and the presence of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage and H. Pylori infection was positive in 92% of the patients in group II, and 24% patients was grade II oseophageal varices, 70% grade III oseophagogastric varices, and 6% grade IV oseophagogastric varices, There was a statistically significant correlation of increased esophageal varices (grade three) in positive H pylori in group II, while in group I detection of H.pylori showed 24% patients were positive, and 76% patients were negative. Endoscopic examination showed 40 patients without esophagogastric varices (80%), 8% patients grade I, 4% patients grade II, 6% patients grade III, 2% patients grade IV, and there was a statistically significant increase on esophageal varices (grade zero) in negative H pylori in group I. Conclusion: Helicobacter Pylori infection helped in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy as well as its severity, and increased risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. So, eradication and treatment of Helicobacter Pylori in all patients with liver cirrhosis helped to decrease risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in these patients.

This article examines the moderate role of motivation on the relationship between the big five model of personality traits and organizational commitment as an attempt to understand the influence of multitude psychological and motivational factors on employees’ behavior towards their organizational commitment. In general, the idea of this framework is taken from personality aspect and Theory of Commitment of (Allen & Meyer, 1996) which focus on how well the job is being performed by employees rather than only asking if they are doing their job. The basic foundation for forming and developing this new framework is: (1991) Allen & Meyer’s model of Organizational Commitment, Job Characteristics model of employee motivation for Hackman & Oldham (1975), and Big Five Model of Personality for Cost & McCrae. In this study, data has been collected from surveying 241 employees of one of the private universities in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), results indicate that personality has a significant negative relationship with organizational commitment (r= -.729). The importance of this framework is epitomized in deeply understanding the work and personnel psychology aspects according to the interrelated effects of personality and extrinsic motivation on employees’ behavior that will help organizations to seek and tailor best solutions to their problems and to achieve organizational development, effectiveness, and employees’ well-being.

Due to the varied needs of persons who have lost a lower limb in their everyday lives, ankle-foot prosthetic technology is continually evolving. Numerous prosthetic ankles have been created in recent years to restore the ankle function of lower limb amputees. Most ankle foot prostheses, on the other hand, are passive, such as the solid ankle cushion heel and the energy storage and release foot (ESAR). The solid ankle foot can only provide steady vertical support during ambulation; however, the ESAR foot can store energy and gradually release it throughout human walking periods, hence increasing the walking pace of amputees. The aim of this work is to describe the design and manufacture of an actuated ankle-foot prosthesis. The main benefit of powered ankles is that they are capable of mimicking natural stride, particularly in steep or uneven terrain conditions. The primary objective is to establish two degrees of freedom of ankle rotation in two planes, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane, besides inversion and eversion in the frontal plane. As software can improve the gait stability, an automatic modifiable transmission arrangement was prepared for delivering the current design motions in the sagittal plane based on empirical collected biomechanical data related to passive prosthetic normal gait circumstances. However, the ankle rolling in the frontal plane was guided mechanically by means of mono leaf spring. The majority of the ankle mechanical components are made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy and are integrated onto ESAR carbon fiber laminated foot. For a unilateral above-knee amputee, the ankle function at self-selected walking was assessed, achieving maximum results of 10° inversion, 10° eversion, 12° plantar flexion and 18° dorsiflexion ankle angles. Also, the patient gait experiment in a normal cadence showed an improvement in plantar flexion behavior for the powered ankle in contrast with the passive ankle, У зв'язку з різними потребами людей, які втратили нижню кінцівку у повсякденному житті, технологія протезування гомілковостопного суглоба постійно розвивається. В останні роки була створена велика кількість протезів гомілковостопного суглоба для відновлення функції гомілкостопа у людей з ампутованими нижніми кінцівками. З іншого боку, більшість протезів гомілковостопного суглоба є пасивними, наприклад стопа з твердим гомілковостопним суглобом і пружною п'ятою та стопа з накопиченням і вивільненням енергії (ESAR). Твердий гомілковостоп дозволяє забезпечити лише стійку вертикальну опору під час пересування, тоді як стопа ESAR може накопичувати енергію і поступово вивільняти її під час ходьби, тим самим збільшуючи темп ходьби людей з ампутованими кінцівками. Метою даної роботи є опис конструкції та виготовлення тягового протезу гомілковостопного суглоба. Головна перевага тягових гомілковостопних суглобів полягає в тому, що вони здатні імітувати природний крок, особливо в умовах крутої чи нерівної місцевості. Основна мета полягає в тому, щоб встановити два ступені свободи обертання гомілковостопного суглоба в двох площинах, підошовне згинання і тильне згинання в сагітальній площині, а також інверсія та еверсія у фронтальній площині. Оскільки стійкість ходи може бути покращена за допомогою програмного забезпечення, було підготовлено автоматичний модифікований пристрій передачі для виконання поточних розрахункових рухів в сагітальній площині на основі зібраних емпіричних біомеханічних даних, пов'язаних з умовами ходьби на пасивному протезі. Однак обертання гомілковостопного суглоба у фронтальній площині здійснювалося механічно за допомогою монолистової ресори. Більшість механічних компонентів гомілковостопного суглоба виготовлені з алюмінієвого сплаву 7075-T6 та вбудовані в стопу ESAR з шаруватого вуглепластику. Проведено оцінку функції гомілковостопного суглоба людини з односторонньою ампутацією вище коліна при самостійній ходьбі з досягненням максимальних результатів 10° інверсії, 10° еверсії, 12° підошовного згинання і 18° тильного згинання гомілковостопного суглоба. Крім того, випробування ходи пацієнта в нормальному темпі показало поліпшення підошовного згинання тягового гомілковостопного суглоба на відміну від пасивного