1. Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever and Virus Detection in Rodents in Bolivia in 2019.
- Author
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Loayza Mafayle R, Morales-Betoulle ME, Romero C, Cossaboom CM, Whitmer S, Alvarez Aguilera CE, Avila Ardaya C, Cruz Zambrana M, Dávalos Anajia A, Mendoza Loayza N, Montaño AM, Morales Alvis FL, Revollo Guzmán J, Sasías Martínez S, Alarcón De La Vega G, Medina Ramírez A, Molina Gutiérrez JT, Cornejo Pinto AJ, Salas Bacci R, Brignone J, Garcia J, Añez A, Mendez-Rico J, Luz K, Segales A, Torrez Cruz KM, Valdivia-Cayoja A, Amman BR, Choi MJ, Erickson BR, Goldsmith C, Graziano JC, Joyce A, Klena JD, Leach A, Malenfant JH, Nichol ST, Patel K, Sealy T, Shoemaker T, Spiropoulou CF, Todres A, Towner JS, and Montgomery JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Bolivia epidemiology, Cross Infection transmission, Cross Infection virology, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral genetics, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral transmission, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral virology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rats virology, Viral Zoonoses transmission, Viral Zoonoses virology, Arenaviruses, New World genetics, Arenaviruses, New World isolation & purification, Hemorrhagic Fever, American complications, Hemorrhagic Fever, American genetics, Hemorrhagic Fever, American transmission, Hemorrhagic Fever, American virology, RNA, Viral genetics, RNA, Viral isolation & purification, Rodentia virology
- Abstract
Background: In June 2019, the Bolivian Ministry of Health reported a cluster of cases of hemorrhagic fever that started in the municipality of Caranavi and expanded to La Paz. The cause of these cases was unknown., Methods: We obtained samples for next-generation sequencing and virus isolation. Human and rodent specimens were tested by means of virus-specific real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assays, next-generation sequencing, and virus isolation., Results: Nine cases of hemorrhagic fever were identified; four of the patients with this illness died. The etiologic agent was identified as Mammarenavirus Chapare mammarenavirus , or Chapare virus (CHAPV), which causes Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF). Probable nosocomial transmission among health care workers was identified. Some patients with CHHF had neurologic manifestations, and those who survived had a prolonged recovery period. CHAPV RNA was detected in a variety of human body fluids (including blood; urine; nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid; conjunctiva; and semen) and in specimens obtained from captured small-eared pygmy rice rats ( Oligoryzomys microtis ). In survivors of CHHF, viral RNA was detected up to 170 days after symptom onset; CHAPV was isolated from a semen sample obtained 86 days after symptom onset., Conclusions: M. Chapare mammarenavirus was identified as the etiologic agent of CHHF. Both spillover from a zoonotic reservoir and possible person-to-person transmission were identified. This virus was detected in a rodent species, O. microtis . (Funded by the Bolivian Ministry of Health and others.)., (Copyright © 2022 Massachusetts Medical Society.)
- Published
- 2022
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