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4. Chemical and Acoustical Mixed-Mapping of Geological Materials from Laser-Induced Plasmas: A Comprehensive Approach to Differentiate Mineral Phases

Author

Bosáková, Markéta, Moros, Javier, Purohit, Pablo, Alvarez-Llamas, César, Novotný, Karel, and Laserna, Javier

Abstract

The acoustic wave produced alongside laser-induced plasmas can be used in conjunction with the recorded atomic spectra of plasma emission to expand the physicochemical information acquired from a single inspection event. Among the most interesting uses of acoustic information is the differentiation of mineral phases with similar optical responses coexisting in geological targets. In addition, laser-induced plasma acoustics (LIPAc) can provide data related to the inspected material's hardness, density, and compactness. In this paper, we present a dual acoustic–optic laser-based strategy for the generation of high-resolution surface images of mineral samples. By combining simultaneous multimodal LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) and LIPAc spectral data from laser-induced plasmas, we explore the mineralogical composition of rocks embedded in resin matrixes to distinguish their chemical composition as well as their crystal phases based on physical changes caused by the different spatial arrangements of the constituent atoms. The multispectral polyhedron created by merging singular optical maps, one per detected elements, and the coincidental acoustic map enhance the distinction between regions present within the matrix of a host rock as compared to the differentiation yielded by each technique when used separately. The chemical information guides the composition of the mineral phases in the host rock. Then, the physical information obtained from acoustics may reinforce the identification of the detected mineral phase, draw the geological history of the inspected section, and showcase possible transformations, mainly of polymorphic nature. To test the combination proposed herein, we also inspected a septarian nodule featuring an ensemble of mineral phases with different origins. Mixed optical and acoustic responses from laser-produced plasmas of this complex sample allowed us to obtain more specific information. This approach constitutes a reliable and high-throughput tool for studying the surface of geological samples, which can substantially supplement well-established techniques for mineralogical analysis such as Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.

Published
2024
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5. Radiation-induced alteration of apatite on the surface of Mars:first in situ observations with SuperCam Raman onboard Perseverance

Author

Clavé, E., Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Royer, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Forni, O., Fau, A., Cousin, A., Manrique, J. A., Ollila, A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Sharma, S. K., Fornaro, T., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Agard, Christophe, Alberquilla, Fernando, Alvarez Llamas, Cesar, Anderson, Ryan, Applin, Daniel, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Beal, Roberta, Beck, Pierre, Bedford, Candice, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Bernardi, Pernelle, Bertrand, Tanguy, Beyssac, Olivier, Bloch, Thierry, Bonnet, Jean-Yves, Bousquet, Bruno, Boustelitane, Abderrahmane, Bouyssou Mann, Magali, Brand, Matthew, Cais, Philippe, Caravaca, Gwenael, De Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz, Cazalla, Charlene, Charpentier, Antoine, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Clegg, Samuel, Cloutis, Ed, Coloma, Leire, Comellas, Jade, Connell, Stephanie, Cousin, Agnes, DeFlores, Lauren, Dehouck, Erwin, Delapp, Dot, Perez, Tomas Delgado, Deron, Robin, Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dromart, Gilles, Essunfeld, Ari, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Follic, Hugo, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gabriel, Travis, Gallegos, Zachary, García-Florentino, Cristina, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gillier, Martin, Gomez, Laura, Gonzalez, Sofia, Grotzinger, John, Huidobro, Jennifer, Jacob, Xavier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lacombe, Gaetan, Lamarque, Florentin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Chip, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Little, Cynthia, Loche, Mattéo, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Mandon, Lucia, Manelski, Henry, Mangold, Nicolas, Martinez, Jose Manrique, Martin, Noah, Martinez Frias, Jesus, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcconnochie, Timothy, McLennan, Scott, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre Yves, Meunier, Frederique, Mimoun, David, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Nelson, Tony, Newell, Ray, Nicolas, Cécile, Newsom, Horton, O’Shea, Colleen, Ollila, Ann, Pantalacci, Philippe, Parmentier, Jonathan, Peret, Laurent, Perrachon, Pascal, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Pinet, Patrick, Poblacion, Iratxe, Poulet, Francois, Quantin Nataf, Cathy, Rapin, William, Reyes, Ivan, Rigaud, Laurent, Robinson, Scott, Rochas, Ludovic, Root, Margaret, Ropert, Eloise, Rouverand, Léa, Royer, Clement, Perez, Fernando Rull, Said, David, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, Schroeder, Susanne, Seel, Fabian, Sharma, Shiv, Sheridan, Amanda, Sobron Sanchez, Pablo, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Stott, Alex, Toplis, Michael, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Wiens, Roger, Wolf, Uriah, Zastrow, Allison, Clavé, E., Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Royer, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Forni, O., Fau, A., Cousin, A., Manrique, J. A., Ollila, A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Sharma, S. K., Fornaro, T., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Agard, Christophe, Alberquilla, Fernando, Alvarez Llamas, Cesar, Anderson, Ryan, Applin, Daniel, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Beal, Roberta, Beck, Pierre, Bedford, Candice, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Bernardi, Pernelle, Bertrand, Tanguy, Beyssac, Olivier, Bloch, Thierry, Bonnet, Jean-Yves, Bousquet, Bruno, Boustelitane, Abderrahmane, Bouyssou Mann, Magali, Brand, Matthew, Cais, Philippe, Caravaca, Gwenael, De Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz, Cazalla, Charlene, Charpentier, Antoine, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Clegg, Samuel, Cloutis, Ed, Coloma, Leire, Comellas, Jade, Connell, Stephanie, Cousin, Agnes, DeFlores, Lauren, Dehouck, Erwin, Delapp, Dot, Perez, Tomas Delgado, Deron, Robin, Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dromart, Gilles, Essunfeld, Ari, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Follic, Hugo, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gabriel, Travis, Gallegos, Zachary, García-Florentino, Cristina, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gillier, Martin, Gomez, Laura, Gonzalez, Sofia, Grotzinger, John, Huidobro, Jennifer, Jacob, Xavier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lacombe, Gaetan, Lamarque, Florentin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Chip, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Little, Cynthia, Loche, Mattéo, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Mandon, Lucia, Manelski, Henry, Mangold, Nicolas, Martinez, Jose Manrique, Martin, Noah, Martinez Frias, Jesus, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcconnochie, Timothy, McLennan, Scott, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre Yves, Meunier, Frederique, Mimoun, David, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Nelson, Tony, Newell, Ray, Nicolas, Cécile, Newsom, Horton, O’Shea, Colleen, Ollila, Ann, Pantalacci, Philippe, Parmentier, Jonathan, Peret, Laurent, Perrachon, Pascal, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Pinet, Patrick, Poblacion, Iratxe, Poulet, Francois, Quantin Nataf, Cathy, Rapin, William, Reyes, Ivan, Rigaud, Laurent, Robinson, Scott, Rochas, Ludovic, Root, Margaret, Ropert, Eloise, Rouverand, Léa, Royer, Clement, Perez, Fernando Rull, Said, David, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, Schroeder, Susanne, Seel, Fabian, Sharma, Shiv, Sheridan, Amanda, Sobron Sanchez, Pablo, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Stott, Alex, Toplis, Michael, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Wiens, Roger, Wolf, Uriah, and Zastrow, Allison

Abstract

Planetary exploration relies considerably on mineral characterization to advance our understanding of the solar system, the planets and their evolution. Thus, we must understand past and present processes that can alter materials exposed on the surface, affecting space mission data. Here, we analyze the first dataset monitoring the evolution of a known mineral target in situ on the Martian surface, brought there as a SuperCam calibration target onboard the Perseverance rover. We used Raman spectroscopy to monitor the crystalline state of a synthetic apatite sample over the first 950 Martian days (sols) of the Mars2020 mission. We note significant variations in the Raman spectra acquired on this target, specifically a decrease in the relative contribution of the Raman signal to the total signal. These observations are consistent with the results of a UV-irradiation test performed in the laboratory under conditions mimicking ambient Martian conditions. We conclude that the observed evolution reflects an alteration of the material, specifically the creation of electronic defects, due to its exposure to the Martian environment and, in particular, UV irradiation. This ongoing process of alteration of the Martian surface needs to be taken into account for mineralogical space mission data analysis.

Published
2024

6. LIBS Detection of Explosives in Traces

Author

Moros, Javier, Fortes, Francisco J., Vadillo, Jose M., Laserna, J. Javier, Adibi, Ali, Series editor, Asakura, Toshimitsu, Series editor, Rhodes, William T., Editor-in-chief, Hänsch, Theodor W., Series editor, Kamiya, Takeshi, Series editor, Krausz, Ferenc, Series editor, Monemar, Bo A.J., Series editor, Venghaus, Herbert, Series editor, Weber, Horst, Series editor, Weinfurter, Harald, Series editor, Musazzi, Sergio, editor, and Perini, Umberto, editor

Published
2014
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9. A multipurpose thermal vacuum chamber for planetary research compatible with stand-off laser spectroscopies

Author

Laserna-Vázquez, José Javier, Álvarez, César, Purohit, Pablo, Moros, Javier, Lucena, Patricia, and Vadillo-Perez, Jose Miguel

Subjects
Rocks, Minerals, LIBS, Planetas - Exploración, Mars, Acoustic
Abstract

The availability of thermal vacuum chambers (TVC) represents a need in today´s planetary research. A TVC must be capable of operate under representative conditions (temperature, gas composition, pressure, radiation flux …) of space exploration targets, but also have an useful volume compatible with the performing experiments and the testing of equipment under mimicked scenarios. Stand-off spectroscopies and imaging techniques have gained a proper niche within the modern tools in remote compositional analysis for space exporation using rovers. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced shockwave acoustics are tools currently installed and used at the Perseverance rover in the seek of understanding of mineralogy and geochemistry of Mars as they obtain real-time information at distances up to 12 meters. The convenience of a TVC capable of performing stand-off spectroscopies under the current analysis range is evident as it allows reproducing the results obtained in the rovers, gaining insights about data treatment and data modelling, and also anticipating experiments on Earth before being commanded. This abstract details the TVC designed and installed at UMALASERLAB to serve the astrochemical community. With a length of 12 meters and an useful internal diameter of 1.6 meters, the chamber operates in a temperature range between 200 K - 400 K and can be oil-free pumped down from atmospheric pressure to 10-4 mbar in the current configuration. Additional upgrades may extend the pressure range up to the 10-6 mbar range. Such figures and dimensions turns the TVC of UMALASERLAB a powerful and versatile tool for space-related studies in chemistry, biology and engineering. Fig. 1. Panoramic view of the simulation chamber at UMALASERLAB facilities. The TVC at UMALASERLAB (Figure. 1) is an stainless-steel cylinder of ca. 22 m3 made of four independent on-wheels units. The external cylinder-shaped vessel is made in 304L stainless steel. All the internal surfaces are electropolished. The vacuum vessel ensures an overall leak range < 1x10-6 mbar.l/s. Such value is exclusively limited by the VitonTM O-rings connecting the four units of the cylinder as well as the all the different flanges of the 50 auxiliary ISO-K and ISO-KF ports. The interior of the chamber is manned accessed by two hinged-doors at the ends of the chamber with a diameter of 1,6 meters, as well as by two lateral hinged-doors with a 1 meter diameter. The four doors are equipped with large hinged DN 500 ISO-K flange that included a DN 250 ISO K inspection windows. The chamber thermal jacket is made of two thin TIG welded stainless steel 304 L sheets according to a “spot-grid” figure. An air-blowing pressurization applied after the welding, causes a controlled blistering creating a set of channels for the cooling fluid, that covers the entire surface of the heat exchanger ensuring very good temperature uniformity, savings of raw materials, greater efficiency in heat transfer and lower thermal inertia. The temperature changing rate of the chamber is 1 ºC/min. The internal surface of the shroud is black-painted with a special enamel to improve the thermal emission of the surface itself and maximizing light absorption (> 95 % at any angle) to reduce flares os ghost effects in the recorded spectra. The painting exhibit a degassing rate < 10-6 mbar.-l/s. Fig. 2. (Top) Detail of the rails crossing the entire length of the chamber. (Middle and bottom) Details of the two lateral ports of the chamber allowing the loading of an optical table for laser spectroscopy experiments on one side (middle) and the loading of an anechoic chamber on the other end (middle). Two stainless steel rails placed along the major axis of the cylinder allows the displacement of three grid patterned threaded plates fixation along the interior of the chamber (Figure 2, top). A second set or telescopic rails allow the plates to get out of the chamber for loading and handling (Figure 2, middle and bottom). The plates are placed directly on rails supported by the vessel, in order to avoid any mechanical stress on the shroud. In the loading position outside the chamber, the plates allow a maximum weight of 70 kilograms. For experiments demanding deep UV illumination, a fiber-optic connected to a high-power Xe lamp provides illumination conditions similar to those at Mars surface in the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C spectral regions over an area of 1 cm2. A graphic user interface allows local and remote visualization, control and data logging of the vacuum pumps, the cooling/heating system, the pressure gauges, the thermocouple gauges, and the mass flow controllers for gas mix load in the chamber. Different Mars-geochemistry related experiments are being conducted in the TVC with the aim of finding different ways to infere as much information as possible from the different stand-off techniques available. In particular, data fusion algorythms combining Raman, LIBS and the associated acoustic signals have been succesfully implemented for the categorization of soils, rocks and mineral phases of interest in Mars exploration. Fig. 3. Stand-off LIBS spectra of pyrite sample placed 12 meters away the laser head under standard Earth conditions (black line) and Mars-like atmospheric conditions. As a performance test, Figure 3 shows two LIBS spectra taken under Earth and Mars-like conditions of a pyrite. The commercial laser (l: 1064 nm) and spectrometer were external to the chamber due to non-compatibiity of the electronics with the temperature. The rest of the elements were placed inside the chamber. The sample was placed inside the TVC 12 meters away the laser head under standard standard pressure, gas composition and temperature Earth conditions (black line) while the red line represents the same sample analyzed under Mars-like atmospheric conditions (10 mbar CO2, -10 ºC). In both examples, 100 accumulated shots were averaged. At a set laser energy of 40 mJ/pulse, the spot diameter was 500 microns.

Published
2022

13. Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., Farley, Kenneth A., Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., and Farley, Kenneth A.

Abstract

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.

Published
2022

14. Pressure Effects on Simultaneous Optical and Acoustics Data from Laser-Induced Plasmas in Air:Implications to the Differentiation of Geological Materials

Author

Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Purohit, Pablo, Moros, Javier, Laserna, J. Javier, Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Purohit, Pablo, Moros, Javier, and Laserna, J. Javier

Abstract

The shockwave generated alongside the plasma is an intimately linked, yet often neglected additional input for the characterization of solid samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The present work introduces a dual LIBS-acoustics sensor that takes advantage of the analysis of the acoustic spectrum yielded by shockwaves produced on different geological samples to enhance the discrimination power of LIBS in materials featuring similar optical emission spectra. Six iron-based minerals were tested at a distance of 2 m using 1064 nm laser light and under pressure values ranging from 7 to 1015 mbar. These experimental parameters were selected to assess the effects of pressure, one of the main factors conditioning the propagation of sound as well as a commonly investigated influence in LIBS experiments. Moreover, precise values for carrying out the analyses were set based on one of the most exciting scenarios in which LIBS data may be enhanced by laser-induced acoustics: space exploration. This is exemplified by the tasks performed by the Mars 2020 SuperCam instrument located onboard the Perseverance rover. Authors evaluated the use of acoustic signals both in the time-domain and frequency-domain in sensitive cases for the distinguishing of minerals exhibiting LIBS spectra featuring almost the same emission lines using PCA schemes for each pressure setting. Thus, we report herein the impact of the surrounding pressure level upon this diagnostic tool. Overall, this paper seeks to show how the analytical potential of simultaneous phenomena taking place during a laser-produced plasma event is subjected to the defined operational conditions.

Published
2022

16. Supplemental Material - Pressure Effects on Simultaneous Optical and Acoustics Data from Laser-Induced Plasmas in Air: Implications to the Differentiation of Geological Materials

Author

Alvarez-Llamas, César, Purohit, Pablo, Moros, Javier, and Laserna, J Javier

Subjects
FOS: Other engineering and technologies, 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental Material for Pressure Effects on Simultaneous Optical and Acoustics Data from Laser-Induced Plasmas in Air: Implications to the Differentiation of Geological Materials by César Alvarez-Llamas, Pablo Purohit, Javier Moros, and J Javier Laserna in Applied Spectroscopy

Published
2022
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17. LIBS and Acoustic Measurements of Rocks and Regolith Found in the Traverse of the Perseverance Rover Across the Jezero Crater, Mars

Author

Laserna-Vázquez, José Javier, Moros, Javier, Álvarez, César, Purohit, Pablo, Ángel, S. M., Bernardi, P., Bousquet, O., Cadú, A., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Dauson, E., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Jacob, X., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N. L., Larmat, C., Lasue, J., Lorenz, R. D., Meslin, P. - Y., Montmessin, F., Murdoch, N., Ollila, A. M., Pilleri, P., Reyes-Newell, A. L., Schroder, S., Stott, A., Cate, J Ten, Vogt, D., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., and Mimoun, D.

Subjects
Rocks, Minerals, LIBS, Imágenes ultrasónicas, Marte (Planeta) - Superficie, Mars, Rocas, Acoustic
Abstract

The SuperCam instrument of the NASA MARS 2020 Perseverance rover combines a suite of atomic and molecular spectroscopies intended for an extensive description of rocks, soils and minerals in the surroundings of the landing site of the mission – the Jezero crater. The microphone installed on the SuperCam instrument allows the acquisition of acoustic signals resulting from the expansion of laser-induced plasmas towards the atmosphere. Apart from being affected by the propagation characteristics of the Mars atmosphere, the acoustic signal has an additional component related to the properties of the target including surface morphology, hardness, deformation parameters, and elasticity, among others. This information is currently being investigated as a complementary resource for characterization of the ablated material and may well supplement the LIBS data gathered from coincident laser shots. This talk will present SuperCam acoustic data of rocks and minerals found in the traverse of the Perseverance rover and will discuss its correlation with LIBS spectra. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Published
2022

20. First Sounds from Mars

Author

Maurice, sylvestre, primary, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Wiens, Roger, additional, Stott, Alexander, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Llamas, Cesar Alvarez, additional, Angel, S. M., additional, Aung, M., additional, Balaram, J., additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, Delory, Greg, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Grip, Havard, additional, hecht, Mike, additional, Hoffman, Jeff, additional, Laserna, Javier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, McClean, John, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Mouélic, Stéphane Le, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose, additional, Moros, Javier, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Torre, Manuel de la, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Tzanetos, Thoedore, additional, Farley, Ken, additional, Stack, Kathryn, additional, and Williford, Ken, additional

Published
2021
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25. Simultaneous Raman spectroscopy--laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for instant standoff analysis of explosives using a mobile integrated sensor platform

Author

Moros, Javier, Lorenzo, Juan Antonio, Lucena, Patricia, Tobaria, Luciano Miguel, and Laserna, Jose Javier

Subjects
Sensors -- Usage, Sensors -- Technology application, Spectrum analysis -- Methods, Spectrum analysis -- Technology application, Spectrum analysis -- Equipment and supplies, Explosives -- Chemical properties, Explosives -- Composition, Lasers -- Usage, Lasers -- Composition, Chemistry, Analytic -- Quantitative, Chemistry, Analytic -- Methods, Chemistry, Analytic -- Equipment and supplies, Chemistry, Analytic -- Technology application, Laser, Technology application, Chemistry
Abstract

A novel experimental design combining Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in a unique integrated sensor is described. The sensor presented herein aims to demonstrate the applicability of a hybrid dual Raman UPS system as an analytical tool for the standoff analysis of energetic materials. Frequency-doubled 532 nm Nd:YAG nanosecond laser pulses, first expanded and then focused using a 10x beam expander on targets located at 20 m, allowed simultaneous acquisition of Raman-UBS spectra for 4-mononitrotoluene (MNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylcnetrinitramine (RI)X), C4 and H15 (plastic explosives containing 90% and 75% of RDX by weight, respectively), and Goma2-ECO (Spanish denominated dynamite class high explosive mainly composed of ammonium nitrate, nitroglycol, and dinitrotoluene among other compounds), sodium chlorate, and ammonium nitrate. With the use of a Cassegraln telescope, both Raman and LIPS signals from the same laser pulses were collected and conducted through a bifurcated optical fiber into two identical grating spectrographs coupled to intensified charge-coupled device (iCCD) detectors. With the use of the appropriate timing for each detection mode, adjustment of the laser power on the beam focal conditions is not required. The ability of the present single hybrid sensor to simultaneously acquire, in real time, both molecular and multielemental information from the same laser pulses on the same cress section of the sample at standoff distances greatly enhances the information power of this approach. 10.1021/ac902470v

Published
2010

27. Nondestructive direct determination of heroin in seized illicit street drugs by diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy

Author

Moros, Javier, Galipienso, Nieves, Vilches, Rocio, Garrigues, Salvador, and de la Guardia, Miguel

Subjects
Illegal drugs -- Properties, Heroin -- Properties, Near infrared spectroscopy -- Methods, Reflectance -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

A new method has been developed for the fast and nondestructive direct determination of heroin in seized street illicit drugs using partial least-squares regression analysis of diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectra. Data were obtained from untreated samples placed in standard glass chromatography vials. A heterogeneous population of 31 samples, previously analyzed by a reference method, was employed to build the calibration model and to have a separated validation set. Based on the use of zero-order data for a calibration set of 21 samples, after standard normal variate and quadratic linear removed baseline correction (detrending), in the wavelength range from 1111 to 1647 nm, 8 PLS factors were enough to obtain a root-mean-square error of prediction of 1.3% w/w, with a quality coefficient of 10% for the estimation of the accuracy error in the prediction of heroin concentration in unknown samples and a residual predictive deviation of 5.4.

Published
2008

29. List of Contributors

Author

Abia, Rocio, primary, Aguila, Marcia Barbosa, additional, Alcaraz, Miguel, additional, Aldini, Giancarlo, additional, Alonso, Alvaro, additional, de Cienfuegos, Gerardo Álvarez, additional, Amaral, Joana S., additional, Amirante, Paolo, additional, Amores, Victoria, additional, Amoruso, Angela, additional, Andrade, Paula B., additional, Andreadou, I., additional, Angioni, Alberto, additional, Ankan, Aysun, additional, Antunes, Lusânia Maria Greggi, additional, Apetrei, C., additional, Aramendía, María A., additional, Arbones-Mainar, Jose Miguel, additional, Arias, José L., additional, Arienti, Giuseppe, additional, Armenta, Sergio, additional, Assy, Nimmer, additional, Audi, Nama’a, additional, Azadmard-Damirchi, Sodeif, additional, Azqueta, Amaia, additional, Badiu, Diana, additional, Ballabio, Davide, additional, Balesteros, Manoela Ruchiga, additional, Ballesteros, Evaristo, additional, Barbosa, Décio Sabbatini, additional, Barbouti, Alexandra, additional, Bardelli, Claudio, additional, Batanero, Eva, additional, Baumann, Leslie, additional, Benavente-García, Obdulio, additional, Becker, Peter, additional, Bendini, Alessandra, additional, Benedetti, Simona, additional, Beretta, Giangiacomo, additional, Bermudez, Beatriz, additional, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira, additional, Bianchi, Maria de Lourdes Pires, additional, Bisignano, Giuseppe, additional, Blanco, Santos, additional, Boskou, George, additional, Bracci, Tania, additional, Bravo, Laura, additional, Brenes, Manuel, additional, Brescia, Maria Antonietta, additional, Briasoulis, Evangelos, additional, Brunelleschi, Sandra, additional, Bucci, Remo, additional, Buckland, Genevieve, additional, Buratti, Susanna, additional, Buróníó, María I., additional, Busconi, Matteo, additional, Cabello-Moruno, Rosana, additional, Caboni, Pierluigi, additional, Cabras, Paolo, additional, Caggia, Cinzia, additional, Camuesco, Desiree, additional, Cancelas, Jesús, additional, Capasso, Giovambattista, additional, Capote, F. Priego, additional, Cárdenas, Soledad, additional, Carluccio, Maria Annunziata, additional, Carrasco-Pancorbo, Alegria, additional, Carnuccio, Rosa, additional, Carrera, María Pilar, additional, Carretero, Antonio Segura, additional, Casado, Francisco Javier, additional, Castillo, Julián, additional, Caturla, Nuria, additional, Cerretani, Lorenzo, additional, Chillemi, Rosa, additional, Chiou, Antonia, additional, Choi, Shin-Geon, additional, Christian, Mildred S., additional, Chondrogianni, Niki, additional, Churruca, Itziar, additional, Cirugeda, Miguel de la Guardia, additional, de Castro, Antonio, additional, De Caterina, Raffaele, additional, Cavaliere, Chiara, additional, Chinou, Ioanna, additional, Clodoveo, Maria Lisa, additional, Coimbra, Manuel A., additional, Conte, Lanfranco S., additional, Cosio, M. Stella, additional, Covas, Maria Isabel, additional, Coxam, Véronique, additional, Cunha, Sara C., additional, Curiel, Jose Antonio, additional, D’Angelo, Stefania, additional, Daniel, Hannelore, additional, Davicco, Marie-Jeanne, additional, De Bonis, Maria Luigia, additional, De Castro, M.D. Luque, additional, de la Higuera, Manuel, additional, de la Puerta, Cristina, additional, de las Rivas, Blanca, additional, de la Torre, Rafael, additional, Delcuratolo, Debora, additional, De Leonardis, Antonella, additional, De Lucia, Maria, additional, de Oliveira, Marcone Augusto Leal, additional, de Pablo, Manuel A., additional, De Roos, Baukje, additional, De Saja, Jose A., additional, De Stefano, Daniela, additional, Di Bella, Giuseppa, additional, Dichi, Isaias, additional, Diener, Robert M., additional, Dirsch, Verena M., additional, d’Ischia, Marco, additional, Driss, Fathi, additional, Dugo, Giacomo, additional, Dutta, Paresh C., additional, Ebizuk, Yutaka, additional, El-Benna, Jamel, additional, Esteban, Francisco J., additional, Estepa, Amparo, additional, da Silva, Joaquim C.G. Esteves, additional, Fabiani, Roberto, additional, Facino, Roberto Maffei, additional, Faria, M.A., additional, Faria, Miguel, additional, Fernandes, José O., additional, Fernandez-Gutierrez, Alberto, additional, Fernández-Montesinos, Rafael, additional, Fernández-Navarro, Mónica, additional, Fernández-Quintela, Alfredo, additional, Faria, Adriana Ferreira, additional, Fitó, Montserrat, additional, Fogher, Corrado, additional, Foglia, Patrizia, additional, Franconi, Flavia, additional, Fregapane, Giuseppe, additional, Fujimoto, Kazuma, additional, Fujise, Takehiro, additional, Furneri, Pio Maria, additional, Gallardo, Visitación, additional, Galletti, Patrizia, additional, Galvez, Julio, additional, Garcia, Aranzazu, additional, García, I.M., additional, García-Luna, Pedro P., additional, Garrido-Fernández, Antonio, additional, Garrigues, Salvador, additional, Geelen, Math J.H., additional, Geladopoulos, Taxiarchis, additional, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J., additional, Frenich, Antonia Garrido, additional, Galaris, Dimitrios, additional, Gilani, Anwarul Hassan, additional, Gill, Chris I.R., additional, Giovannini, Claudio, additional, Glatzle, Jörg, additional, Gnoni, Gabriele V., additional, Gomes, Tommaso, additional, Gómez-Rico, Aurora, additional, Gonos, Efstathios S., additional, Gonzalez, Carlos A., additional, Goya, Luis, additional, Grosovski, Maria, additional, Gutiérrez, Guillermo Rodriguez, additional, Hartmann, Marie-Andrée, additional, Hashim, Yumi Z., additional, Hu, Xiuli, additional, Ieri, Francesca, additional, Iliodromitis, Efstathios K., additional, Iwakiri, Ryuichi, additional, Juan, M. Emilia, additional, Kalogeropoulos, Nick, additional, Kalua, Curtis, additional, Khan, Arif-ullah, additional, Khymenets, Olha, additional, Kosti, Rena, additional, Kotsiou, Antonia, additional, Kremastinos, Dimitrios Th., additional, Lafont, Fernando, additional, Laganà, Aldo, additional, Landete, Jose Maria, additional, La Pera, Lara, additional, Lapucci, Chiara, additional, Lavermicocca, Paola, additional, Léger, Claude Louis, additional, Lehotay, Steven J., additional, Leone, Alessandro, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Turco, Vincenzo Lo, additional, Lopez, Sergio, additional, de Cerain, Adela Lopez, additional, de Felipe, Felix Lopez, additional, López-Feria, Silvia, additional, de la Serrana, Herminia López-Garcia, additional, López-López, Antonio, additional, López-Martinez, Maria Carmen, additional, Lopez-Miranda, Jose, additional, La Torre, Giovanna Loredana, additional, Lucas, Ricardo, additional, Lupiáñez, José A., additional, Luque, Rafael, additional, Macciola, Vincenzo, additional, Madar, Zecharia, additional, Mafra, Isabel, additional, Magrì, Andrea D., additional, Magrì, Antonio L., additional, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, additional, Malaisse, Willy J., additional, Mañas, Mariano, additional, Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos Alberto, additional, Manna, Caterina, additional, Mannina, Luisa, additional, Mannino, Saverio, additional, Marinas, Alberto, additional, Marinas, Jose M., additional, Marini, Federico, additional, Markaki, Panagiota, additional, Martín, M. Angeles, additional, Martínez, María Alba, additional, Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A., additional, Martínez-Gracia, María Victoria, additional, Martinez-Martos, José Manuel, additional, Martínez-Victoria, Emilio, additional, Masella, Roberta, additional, Massaro, Marika, additional, Mastovska, Katerina, additional, Mateos, Raquel, additional, Mazzoni, Michela, additional, Menéndez-Menéndez, Javier, additional, Medina, Eduardo, additional, Medina, Jose M., additional, Micol, Vicente, additional, Mikros, Emmanuel, additional, Mitjavila, Maria Teresa, additional, Montaño, Alfredo, additional, Morales, Juan Carlos, additional, Morcillo, Sonsoles, additional, Moreno, Juan José, additional, Moreno, Paola, additional, Moret, Sabrina, additional, Moros, Javier, additional, Morozzi, Guido, additional, Motilva, Maria-Jose, additional, Muñoz, Rosario, additional, Muriana, Francisco J.G., additional, Napoli, Daniela, additional, Napolitano, Alessandra, additional, Nassar, Faris, additional, Nasti, Raffaella, additional, Natali, Francesco, additional, Natalini, Paolo, additional, Nunes, Cláudia S., additional, Nychas, George, additional, Oliveira, M. Beatriz P.P., additional, Orihara, Yutaka, additional, Ortega, Almudena, additional, Ortega-García, Francisca, additional, Osada, Jesús, additional, Özdemir, Durmuş, additional, Öztürk, Betül, additional, Pacheco, Yolanda M., additional, Paice, Alistair G., additional, Palmerini, Carlo A., additional, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, additional, Panagou, E.Z., additional, Panzella, Lucia, additional, Papoti, V.T., additional, Paradiso, Vito Michele, additional, Pariente, José Antonio, additional, Patel, Vinood B., additional, Peinado, M. Ángeles, additional, Pellicanò, Teresa Maria, additional, Peragon, Juan, additional, Perez-Jimenez, Francisco, additional, Perez-Martinez, Pablo, additional, Perona, Javier Sanchez, additional, Piperno, Anna, additional, Planas, Joana M., additional, Pollicino, Donatella, additional, Polzonetti, Valeria, additional, Populin, Tiziana, additional, Portillo, Maria P., additional, Pozo, David, additional, Prenzler, Paul, additional, Prieto, Pablo G., additional, Pucciarelli, Stefania, additional, Puel, Caroline, additional, Puertollano, Elena, additional, Puertollano, María A., additional, Quesada-Granados, Jose Javier, additional, Rajendram, Rajkumar, additional, Ramírez-Expósito, María Jesús, additional, Ramos, Sonia, additional, Ramos-Martos, Natividad, additional, Randazzo, Cinzia L., additional, Rando, Rossana, additional, Reiter, Russel J., additional, Rejano, Luis, additional, Rhee, Hae-Ik, additional, Robards, Kevin, additional, Rodriguez, Hector, additional, Rodríguez-Cabezas, Maria Elena, additional, Rodríguez-Manero, Moises, additional, Rodríguez-Méndez, María L., additional, Rodríguez, Rosalía, additional, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Rosalia, additional, Romani, Annalisa, additional, Romero, Concepción, additional, Romero, Maria-Paz, additional, Romero-Gonzalez, Roberto, additional, Rose, Martin, additional, Rossi, Mauro, additional, Rotondi, Annalisa, additional, Rowland, Ian R., additional, Ruiz, Adolfina, additional, Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina, additional, Russo, Francesco, additional, Ryan, Danielle, additional, Sabatini, Nadia, additional, Sacco, Antonio, additional, Sahan, Yasemin, additional, Saitta, Marcello, additional, Salvador, Maria Desamparados, additional, Samperi, Roberto, additional, Samaniego-Sánchez, Cristina, additional, Sánchez, Antonio Higinio, additional, Sánchez-Navarro, Maria Rosa, additional, Sancho, Verónica, additional, Santos-González, Mónica, additional, Saraiva, Jorge A., additional, Scampicchio, Matteo, additional, Scazzocchio, Beatrice, additional, Schmitt, Christoph A., additional, Schwartz, Betty, additional, Sciuto, Sebastiano, additional, Scoditti, Egeria, additional, Seabra, Rosa M., additional, Sebastiani, Luca, additional, Segre, Anna Laura, additional, Segura, Antonio, additional, Servili, Maurizio, additional, Shiraishi, Ryosuke, additional, Siculella, Luisa, additional, Simão, Andréa Colado, additional, Sindona, Giovanni, additional, Sivakumar, Ganapathy, additional, Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros, additional, Smith, Amos B., additional, Spatafora, Carmela, additional, Sperry, Jeffrey B., additional, Soares, Mario J., additional, Soriguer, Federico, additional, Srirajaskanthan, Rajaventhan, additional, Stitia, Naïm, additional, Tabernero, Arantxa, additional, Tagarelli, Antonio, additional, Tai, Fuju, additional, Tamborrino, Antonia, additional, Tassou, C.C., additional, Tesseromatis, Christine, additional, Todeschini, Roberto, additional, Torrecilla, Jose S., additional, Trikib, Saïda, additional, Tringali, Corrado, additional, Tsakiris, Ioannis N., additional, Tsatsakis, Aristidis M., additional, Tsimidou, M.Z., additional, Uccella, Nicola A., additional, Urbano, Francisco J., additional, Valcarcel, Miguel, additional, Valencia-Serrano, Félix, additional, Valentão, Patrícia, additional, Valverde, Isabel, additional, Varela, Lourdes M., additional, Varì, Rosaria, additional, Simas Vaz, Fernando Antonio, additional, Vettorazzi, Ariane, additional, Vichi, Stefania, additional, Vidal, José Luis Martínez, additional, Villalba, José M., additional, Villalba, Mayte, additional, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, María L., additional, Vincenzetti, Silvia, additional, Vita, Alberto, additional, Vlahov, Giovanna, additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Weisberg, Edmund, additional, Wenzel, Uwe, additional, Won, Se-Ra, additional, Wu, Bin, additional, Yago, María Dolores, additional, Zabaras, Dimitrios, additional, Zappia, Vincenzo, additional, Zarzuelo, Antonio, additional, and Zhang, Luyong, additional

Published
2010
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43. Ideas centrales de la Ciencia Nueva de Vico expre­sadas a partir del grabado alegórico del frontispicio en La 'Introducción' de su magna obra

Author

Domínguez Moros, Javier Eduardo

Subjects
Ciencia nueva, Vico, Grabado alegórico, Frontispiece, Frontispicio, New science, Allegoric etching
Abstract

Hacia el siglo XVIII era cosa común el uso y diseño de frontispicios, especialmente con la finalidad de adornar portadas de libros, cargadas de alguna manera de ideas relativas a las tesis de las obras a publicar. Estos frontispicios se caracterizaban por ser de carácter alegórico, era la norma y la costumbre de la época dieciochesca. Lo inusual del uso del frontispicio en la obra de Giambattista Vico es que éste, en el contexto de su obra magna, la Ciencia nueva, recoge todos los tópicos de la obra viquiana, algo en nada semejante al racionalismo y el empirismo predominantes por entonces. Para comprender a fondo la obra del filósofo napolitano es menester descodificar el mundo alegórico que despliega la imagen del frontispicio en cuestión. The use of frontispieces was quite widespread towards the end of the XVIIIth century, particularly in order to decorate covers of books, showing in one way or another the main ideas appearing in the published works. Those frontispieces were characterised by their alegorical character, conforming to the norm and habits of the eighteent century. What was unusual in the employment of frontispiece in Giambattista Vico’s work was that, in the context of his greatest work, the new science, it collects all the topics of the Vichian work, something entirely dissimilar from both rationalism and empiricism, dominant at the time. In order to fully understand the work of the Napolitan philosopher one must decode the allegoric world that is unfolded in the image of that frontispiece.

Published
2013

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