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La importancia de las patentes para la economía, sumada al crecimiento experimentado por la investigación en los países industrializados después de la II Guerra Mundial, ha provocado un incremento en el número de patentes registradas en el mundo, alcanzando éstas unas cifras tan elevadas, que han ocasionado que su análisis se convierta en una tarea ardua y dificultosa. Como ejemplo, destacar que en el año 2016 se registraron en el mundo más de tres millones de solicitudes de patentes (World Intellectual Property Organization, 2018). Ese abismal crecimiento experimentado por la ciencia y la investigación en las últimas décadas, también se ve reflejado en la producción científica de los países, entendida ésta como el volumen de publicaciones científicas. Procedería entonces plantearse la cuestión de si existe una vinculación palpable entre las patentes y la producción científica, o si no siempre van de la mano. La fuente utilizada para extraer los datos relativos a las patentes es PATSTAT (Patent Statistical Database), herramienta lanzada por la Oficina Europea de Patentes (OEP) en el año 2006 (Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas, 2009), su volumen asciende a más de cien millones de registros de patentes, procedentes de países industrializados y en desarrollo, además de los datos de estado legal de más de 40 autoridades nacionales de patentes contenidas en la base de datos INPADOC de la Oficina Europea de Patentes (European Patent Office, 2019). Se trata por lo tanto de una fuente de datos armonizada que, en realidad, es la suma de varias fuentes de datos nacionales, lo que finalmente hace que aglutine millones de patentes convirtiéndose en la base de datos de patentes más exhaustiva del mundo. Scopus, la mayor base de datos de citas y resúmenes de publicaciones científicas revisada por pares que existe en la actualidad (Elservier, 2019), ha sido tomada como fuente en la que localizar el nexo entre patentes y producción científica, es decir, los documentos científic

Output resulting from institutional collaboration has been widely used to create performance indicators, but focusing on research guarantors has recently provided a way to recognize the salient role of certain scientific actors. This paper elaborates on this approach to characterize the performance of an institution as guarantor based not only on its guarantor output but also on the importance of the institutions with which it collaborates. Accepting that guarantorship implies in some way acknowledgement of a prominent role on the part of the collaborating institutions, and that this recognition will be more important the more important the collaborating institutions, the paper describes two approaches to measuring this acknowledgement and discusses their effectiveness in helping to recognize prominent scientific actors by using a case study in the Library and Information Science field. The results show a high assortativity in scientific collaboration relationships, confirming the original hypothesis that important institutions tend to grant prestigious institutions the recognition of their relevance.

[EN] A keyword analysis of the research in Food Science in Spain is carried out with the objective of discovering the most active lines of research in the period 2003-2014, comparing its evolution with the world research in the discipline. For this purpose, all the bibliographical records of Scopus were downloaded and their keywords were processed to solve the obvious problems of synonymy and to limit the study to those most frequently used. These keywords were grouped in fields and subfields using co-word analysis techniques. This was done with the world production so that we could have a reference for the study at the national level. It is verified that Spain is a great power in scientific research in the field of Food Science, not only by the volume of its scientific production, but also by its quality. Spain stands out especially in the fields of “Food Preservation and Shelf Life” and “Anti-oxidants”., [ES] Se realiza un análisis de palabras clave de la investigación en Ciencia de los Alimentos en España con el objetivo de descubrir sus líneas de investigación más activas en el periodo 2003-2014, comparando la evolución con la investigación mundial en la disciplina. Para ello se descargaron todos los registros bibliográficos de Scopus y se resolvieron los problemas obvios de sinonimia y se seleccionaron las más destacadas. Estas palabras clave fueron agrupadas en campos y subcampos utilizando técnicas del análisis de copalabras para toda la producción mundial y así tener una referencia para el estudio a nivel nacional. Se comprueba que España es una gran potencia en la investigación en Ciencias de los Alimentos, no tanto por su volumen de producción científica, que también, sino más bien por la calidad de ésta. España destaca especialmente en los campos de “Conservación de alimentos y vida útil” y “Antioxidantes”.

The excellence shift is proposed, which shows universities’ ability to produce highly cited papers as measured against their basic academic research efficiency. To demonstrate our approach, we use data from 50 US universities.

The goal is to identify and analyze the international scientific output in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NN), with special emphasis on the volume of output, leadership, scientific excellence, internationalization and transferability of innovative knowledge to the productive sector, using the citation of this output in the development of patents., To do this, a variety of bibliometric, altmetrics and webometric indicators will be combined using different data sources: Scopus for scientific output, PATSTAT for technological impact and Cybermetrics, for web visibility. The geographic scope of analysis is the global output and especially that produced in Spain during the last decade., Due to its many applications, this discipline is one of the most important drivers of new industry and the knowledge society. Therefore, having this information, adds value to guide decision-making in the design of science policy.

Ten bibliometric indicators were used to assess European publishing intensity in journals listed in Scopus under the subject category “Library and Information Science” between 2003 and 2012. The findings were analyzed for the 20 countries and 25 research institutions with the greatest output in that period. The indicators calculated included normalized impact, number and proportion of highly cited papers and the distribution of papers by the quartiles defined in the Scimago Journal Rank (SJR). SJR is a measure of the scientific influence of scholarly journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from. With SJR, the subject field, quality and reputation of the journal have a direct effect on the value of a citation. The analysis covered 11,931 Western and 939 Eastern European papers published in 149 journals. The highest output growth rates were found for Spain, Poland, Portugal, Italy, Greece and Austria. The highest impact ratings were attained by European institutions whose members are prolific authors of papers on informetrics. On the whole, the articles were written primarily in English, Spanish, German or French, while the publications most widely cited appeared in English language journals. This study presents bibliometric data that shed light on the status of Library and Information Science research in Europe today, in the framework of the European Higher Education Area.

This article describes an analysis of keywords which was aimed at revealing publication patterns in the field of Food Science (FS) during the last decade, including the temporal evolution of its different research lines. To this end, the records of the specific subject area of FS were 1st retrieved from Scopus, and then their keywords were processed to resolve the obvious problems of synonymy and to limit the study to those most frequently used. These keywords were grouped into thematic clusters based on a scientometric technique known as co‐word analysis. The structure of the clusters, their scientific impact, and their temporal evolution were then analyzed. This type of analysis is of great interest for all researchers in FS—for new researchers because they can form an objective vision of the subject based on the data from papers that have been published in the last decade, and for experienced researchers because they can contrast their own vision of the field with this objective overview. The results showed there to has been a clear increase in scientific production related to FS. This production had a structure corresponding to 5 major clusters which were themselves disaggregated into 18 2nd‐level clusters. The cluster that had received most attention was that corresponding to antioxidants in food, being the cluster with the greatest scientific impact and the greatest growth in the period.

In this study we present an application which can be accessed via www.excellence-networks.net and which represents networks of scientific institutions worldwide. The application is based on papers (articles, reviews and conference papers) published between 2007 and 2011. It uses (network) data, on which the SCImago Institutions Ranking is based (Scopus data from Elsevier). Using this data, institutional networks have been estimated with statistical models (Bayesian multilevel logistic regression, BMLR) for a number of Scopus subject areas. Within single subject areas, we have investigated and visualized how successfully overall an institution (reference institution) has collaborated (compared to all the other institutions in a subject area), and with which other institutions (network institutions) a reference institution has collaborated particularly successfully. The “best paper rate” (statistically estimated) was used as an indicator for evaluating the collaboration success of an institution. This gives the proportion of highly cited papers from an institution, and is considered generally as an indicator for measuring impact in bibliometrics.

Bibliometric indicators are used to characterize the research activity of institutions worldwide with production in the period 2003–2013 in journals that are indexed in Scopus's Food Science thematic category. Basic, normalized indicators were used to compare the institutions' performances, together with highly cited papers (top-10% and top-1%). An interactive map was generated, displaying the 645 institutions with at least 100 documents produced during this period. The greatest numbers of those institutions are in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and China. National collaboration networks were detected on the East and West Coasts of the United States, and in Canada, Ireland, France, Spain, Holland, Denmark, China, South Korea, Malaysia, Brazil, India, Argentina, and Nigeria. There was no significant research activity in many developing and food exporting countries located in sub-Saharan Africa, North and East Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and South East Asia. The need to take into account other criteria based on qualitative attributes and the inherent limitations in the bibliometric indicators are discussed.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to visualize the structure of SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) coverage of the extensive citation network of Scopus journals, examining this bibliometric portal through an alternative approach, applying clustering and visualization techniques to a combination of citation-based links. Design/methodology/approach:Three SJR journal-journal networks containing direct citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling links are built. The three networks were then combined into a new one by summing up their values, which were later normalized through geo-normalization measure. Finally, the VOS clustering algorithm was executed and the journal clusters obtained were labeled using original SJR category tags and significant words from journal titles. Findings: The resultant scientogram displays the SJR structure through a set of communities equivalent to SJR categories that represent the subject contents of the journals they cover. A higher level of aggregation by areas provides a broad view of the SJR structure, facilitating its analysis and visualization at the same time. Originality/value: This is the first study using Persson’s combination of most popular citation-based links (direct citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling) in order to develop a scientogram based on Scopus journals from SJR. The integration of the three measures along with performance of the VOS community detection algorithm gave a balanced set of clusters. The resulting scientogram is useful for assessing and validating previous classifications as well as for information retrieval and domain analysis.

Cuba has developed a biopharmaceutical sector that involves some of the country’s most relevant scientific institutions. Despite the severe constraints on resources resulting from the U.S. embargo, the results achieved by this sector have contributed to put the country’s health indicators at the same level of high-income nations. Recently, the creation of BioCubaFarma as a cluster of high-technology enterprises organized around a closed cycle model becomes one of the most relevant efforts of the Island in order to make biopharmaceuticals one of the country’s leading export earners. The main aim of the current paper was to characterize BioCubaFarma through a battery of Scopus-based bibliometric indicators. A comparison with the most productive multinational pharmaceutical companies was made. Regression analysis of annual productivity, number of citations, scientific talent pool, innovative knowledge and other citation-based indicators was performed. Differences and similarities between BioCubaFarma and multinational companies in four Scopus subject categories related to this sector were identified. The most productive and visible institutions from BioCubaFarma were also characterized. Qualified human resources, innovative knowledge, leadership, high specialization in the field of vaccines development and non-dependence of international collaboration are strengths of the organization. However, it is still necessary to increase the number of articles published in highly visible journals with the aim to achieve a better citation-based performance. Moreover, to increase the contributions from less-productive institutions, more clinical research published in medical journals and more collaboration with universities and health institutions could also have positive benefits for BioCubaFarma’s pipelines and portfolios.

Comparative benchmarking with bibliometric indicators can be an aid in decision-making with regard to research management. This study aims to characterize scientific performance in a domain (Public Health) by the institutions of a country (Cuba), taking as reference world output and regional output (other Latin American centers) during the period 2003–2012. A new approach is used here to assess to what extent the leadership of a specific institution can change its citation impact. Cuba was found to have a high level of specialization and scientific leadership that does not match the low international visibility of Cuban institutions. This leading output appears mainly in non-collaborative papers, in national journals; publication in English is very scarce and the rate of international collaboration is very low. The Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri stands out, alone, as a national reference. Meanwhile, at the regional level, Latin American institutions deserving mention for their high autonomy in normalized citation would include Universidad de Buenos Aires (ARG), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas (ARG), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (BRA) and the Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou (BRA). We identify a crucial aspect that can give rise to misinterpretations of data: a high share of leadership cannot be considered positive for institutions when it is mainly associated with a high proportion of non-collaborative papers and a very low level of performance. Because leadership might be questionable in some cases, we propose future studies to ensure a better interpretation of findings.

This study introduces a new proposal to refine the classification of the SCImago Journal and Country Rank (SJR) platform by using clustering techniques and an alternative combination of citation measures from an initial 18,891 SJR journal network. Thus, a journal–journal matrix including simultaneously fractionalized values of direct citation, cocitation, and coupling was symmetrized by cosine similarity and later transformed into distances before performing clustering. The results provided a new cluster‐based subject structure comprising 290 clusters that emerge by executing Ward's clustering in two phases and using a mixed labeling procedure based on tf‐idf scores of the original SJR category tags and significant words extracted from journal titles. In total, 13,716 SJR journals were classified using this new cluster‐based scheme. Although more than 5,000 journals were omitted in the classification process, the method produced a consistent classification with a balanced structure of coherent and well‐defined clusters, a moderated multiassignment of journals, and a softer concentration of journals over clusters than in the original SJR categories. New subject disciplines such as “nanoscience and nanotechnology” or “social work” were also detected, providing evidence of good performance of our approach in refining the journal classification and updating the subject classification structure.

Using Scopus data, we construct a global map of science based on aggregated journal–journal citations from 1996–2012 (N of journals = 20,554). This base map enables users to overlay downloads from Scopus interactively. Using a single year (e.g., 2012), results can be compared with mappings based on the Journal Citation Reports at the Web of Science (N = 10,936). The Scopus maps are more detailed at both the local and global levels because of their greater coverage, including, for example, the arts and humanities. The base maps can be interactively overlaid with journal distributions in sets downloaded from Scopus, for example, for the purpose of portfolio analysis. Rao‐Stirling diversity can be used as a measure of interdisciplinarity in the sets under study. Maps at the global and the local level, however, can be very different because of the different levels of aggregation involved. Two journals, for example, can both belong to the humanities in the global map, but participate in different specialty structures locally. The base map and interactive tools are available online (with instructions) at http://www.leydesdorff.net/scopus_ovl

Food Science is an active discipline in scientific research. The improvements in Food Technology constitute a challenge for society to eradicate hunger, while achieving food safety. This work analyses the scientific production in Food Science of the 25 countries with the greatest output in this subject area in the period 2003 to 2013. The growth of China's production was striking, with the country becoming top‐ranked by the end of the period. Some developing countries (such as Nigeria) achieved a major increase in production but reducing their proportion of scientific collaboration and their works' impact. There appear to be 2 international collaboration networks that get good results—one European and the other Pacific.

Cuban scientific output is analyzed for the period 2003-2011, in Scopus database. Based on a set of bibliometric indicators, we try to shed light on the evolution of the volume of scientific output in Cuban and foreign journals, and its distribution and visibility by quartiles. Also analyzed is the citation per document received, broken down by language of publication and type of collaboration. The results reveal patterns and strategies of expansion in scientific communication that may be useful for academic and institutional decision-makers, suggesting means of amending editorial policy to improve scientific quality and international diffusion of output. It is hoped that these results will spur debate about research policies and actions to be taken to enhance the quality of research.

[EN] Objective: to characterize the Cuban pattern of scientific communication in public health in Scopus database on the basis of the output and collaboration patterns and their influence on the impact of publications., Methods: bibliometric indicators of output, visibility and collaboration taken from SCImago Institutions Rankings and SCImago Journal and Country Rank portals were used, according to Scopus database, in the Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health category in 2003-2011 period., Results: the communication pattern showed an increasing tendency of the scientific output, with great leadership of Cuban authors and poor national and international collaboration. This increase did not have a higher impact on the international community; 7.22 % of documents were published in high impact journals and 2.16 % were among excellence documents. The excellence output with leadership was almost non-existent. Seventy five percent of the output was seen in low impact journals (fourth quartile) and most of it in national journals. The English output accounted for less than 30% of the total amount but had higher impact than the Spanish articles., Conclusions: the pattern of Cuban scientific communication in public health was characterized, in which low number of English publications, of publications in high impact journals and poor national and international collaborations are factors that may influence on the low scientific impact. These results can be used to supplement the assessment of research in public health within the tenth basic function of this specialty., [ES] Objetivo: caracterizar el patrón cubano de comunicación científica en salud pública en la base de datos Scopus a partir de los patrones de producción y colaboración y su influencia en el impacto de las publicaciones., Métodos: se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos de producción, visibilidad y colaboración extraídos de los portales SCImago Institutions Rankings y SCImago Journal and Country Rank a partir de datos de Scopus, categoría Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, período 2003-2011., Resultados: el patrón de comunicación presentó una tendencia al incremento de la producción científica con un alto liderazgo de autores cubanos y escasa colaboración nacional e internacional. Este incremento no repercutió en un mayor impacto en la comunidad internacional; el 7,22 % de los documentos aparecieron en revistas de alto impacto, y el 2,16 % entre los documentos de excelencia. La producción de excelencia con liderazgo fue casi inexistente. El 75 % de la producción se ubicó en revistas de bajo impacto (cuarto cuartil) y la mayoría en revistas nacionales. La producción en inglés representó menos del 30 % del total y alcanzaron mayor impacto que los artículos en español., Conclusiones: se caracterizó el patrón de comunicación científica cubano en salud pública, donde la poca publicación en inglés, en revistas de alto impacto y la insuficiente colaboración nacional e internacional son factores que pudieran estar influenciando en el bajo impacto científico. Estos resultados pueden utilizarse como complemento de la evaluación de la investigación en salud pública en el marco de su décima función esencial. Palabras clave: salud pública, evaluación de la investigación, funciones esenciales de la salud pública, cienciometría, bases de datos, indicadores bibliométricos, colaboración científica, revistas, SCImago Journal and Country Rank, SCImago Institutions Rankings.

This study characterizes the volume and visibility of Latin American scientific output in the area of Public Health, through a combined analysis of bibliometric, socioeconomic and health indicators of the top 10 Latin American producers of documents. The information was obtained from the SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) portal, based on Scopus data, in the category Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, of the area Medicine, for the period 2003–2011. Our scientometric analysis involved a set of quantitative indicators (based on document recount), plus performance ones to measure impact and excellence (based on citation recount) and international collaboration. The socioeconomic indicators measured investment in health and in research, and the number of researchers. Basic health indicators were used, along with the inequity indicator known as INIQUIS. The main results reveal that the research systems with the greatest capacity to communicate scientific results are those of Brazil and Mexico, and potentially Colombia and Argentina. The best visibility was demonstrated by Uruguay, Puerto Rico and Peru, countries with high rates of collaboration. No single country stands out as having a perfectly balanced relationship regarding all the dimensions analyzed. A relative balance is achieved by Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, though with different levels of scientific output. The tangible achievements in health attained by Cuba and Chile do not appear to be related with the results of research published in the area of Public Health. There is clearly a need to find methods that would allow us to evaluate the transfer of research knowledge into practice, by means of the scientometric perspective.

Argentina´s patterns of publication in the humanities and social sciences were studied for the period 2003-2012, using the Scopus database and distinguishing the geographic realm of the research. The results indicate that “topics of national scope” have grown and gained international visibility. They can be broadly characterized as having Spanish as the language of publication, and a marked preference for single authorship; in contrast, the publication of “global topics”, not geographically limited, characteristically have English as the language of divulgation, and institutional collaboration is stronger and more consolidated. Citation is apparently not determined only by the geographic realm of research, but also by language of publication, co-authorship, and the profiles of the journals where published. These results could contribute to constructive reflection upon publishing policy. The existence of a community of journals that tolerates biased patterns may make researchers echo and perpetuate poor practices, constructing or adapting the channels of communication. Such results also prove useful as a point of reference when evaluation criteria are elaborated by scientific committees, as unsupervised promotion and evaluation patterns could become based on local or overly subjective precepts, disregarding the disciplinary practices of the international scientific community.

Purpose - The web application presented in this paper allows for an analysis to reveal centres of excellence in different fields worldwide using publication and citation data. Only specific aspects of institutional performance are taken into account and other aspects such as teaching performance or societal impact of research are not considered. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach - Based on data gathered from Scopus, field-specific excellence can be identified in institutions where highly-cited papers have been frequently published. Findings - The web application (www.excellencemapping.net) combines both a list of institutions ordered by different indicator values and a map with circles visualising indicator values for geocoded institutions. Originality/value - Compared to the mapping and ranking approaches introduced hitherto, our underlying statistics (multi-level models) are analytically oriented by allowing the estimation of values for the number of excellent papers for an institution which are statistically more appropriate than the observed values; the calculation of confidence intervals as measures of accuracy for the institutional citation impact; the comparison of a single institution with an >average> institution in a subject area: and the direct comparison of at least two institutions.

Bornmann, Stefaner, de Moya Anegón, and Mutz (2014) have introduced a web application (www.excellencemapping.net) which is linked to both academic ranking lists published hitherto (e.g. the Academic Ranking of World Universities) as well as spatial visualization approaches. The web application visualizes institutional performance within specific subject areas as ranking lists and on custom tile-based maps. The new, substantially enhanced version of the web application and the generalized linear mixed model for binomial data on which it is based are described in this paper. Scopus data are used which have been collected for the SCImago Institutions Ranking. Only those universities and research-focused institutions are considered that have published at least 500 articles, reviews and conference papers in the period 2006-2010 in a certain Scopus subject area. In the enhanced version, the effect of single covariates (such as the per capita GDP of a country in which an institution is located) on two performance metrics (best paper rate and best journal rate) is examined and visualized. A covariate-adjusted ranking and mapping of the institutions is produced in which the single covariates are held constant. The results on the performance of institutions can then be interpreted as if the institutions all had the same value (reference point) for the covariate in question. For example, those institutions can be identified worldwide showing a very good performance despite a bad financial situation in the corresponding country.

University rankings generally present users with the problem of placing the results given for an institution in context. Only a comparison with the performance of all other institutions makes it possible to say exactly where an institution stands. In order to interpret the results of the SCImago Institutions Ranking (based on Scopus data) and the Leiden Ranking (based on Web of Science data), in this study we offer thresholds with which it is possible to assess whether an institution belongs to the top 1%, top 5%, top 10%, top 25%, or top 50% of institutions in the world. The thresholds are based on the excellence rate or PPtop 10%. Both indicators measure the proportion of an institution's publications which belong to the 10% most frequently cited publications and are the most important indicators for measuring institutional impact. For example, while an institution must achieve a value of 24.63% in the Leiden Ranking 2013 to be considered one of the top 1% of institutions worldwide, the SCImago Institutions Ranking requires 30.2%.

Drawing on social choice theory we derive a rationale in which each reviewer is asked to provide his or her second, third, and fourth choice in addition to his/her first choice recommendation regarding the acceptance/revision/rejection of a given manuscript. All reviewers' hierarchies of alternatives are collected and combined such that an overall ranking can be computed. Consequently, conflicting recommendations are resolved not by asking a third adjudicating reviewer for his/her recommendation as is usual editorial praxis in many scientific journals, but rather by using more information from the available judges. After a brief introduction into social choice theory and a description and justification of the maximum likelihood rule for ranking alternatives, we describe and demonstrate a public available web application that provides easy-to-use tools to apply these methods for aggregating conflicting reviewers' recommendations. This application might be accessed by editors to aid their decision process in case they receive conflicting recommendations by their reviewers.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la evolución del volumen y la visibilidad de la producción científica cubana en Salud Pública y las diferencias de su patrón de comunicación con el de la Medicina para determinar los factores que condicionan la visibilidad y proponer estrategias para mejorarla. Se utilizaron un conjunto de indicadores bibliométricos de volumen, visibilidad y colaboración extraídos del portal SCImago Institutions Rankings a partir de datos de Scopus, para el área temática Medicine y la categoría Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, período 2003-2011. El crecimiento de la producción científica cubana en Salud Pública es mayor que el de la Medicina, sin embargo, el impacto es bajo. La colaboración internacional está por debajo de lo esperado mientras el liderazgo es alto; la publicación en revistas de alto impacto (publicación en primer cuartil) y los artículos en el 10% más citado (excelencia) son escasos. Este estudio demuestra que la visibilidad de la publicación es escasa y que con el potencial científico en salud, Cuba pudiera aportar mucho más al desarrollo de la investigación. Algunas de las acciones pueden ser incrementar la colaboración internacional, ubicar sus artículos en revistas de alto impacto, publicar en idioma inglés, trabajar en la preparación de los recursos humanos y seguir las recomendaciones internacionales sobre las buenas prácticas de edición y publicación científica.

[EN] The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the quantity and visibility of Cuban scientific production in Public Health and Medicine to determine if they follow the same patterns of scientific communication and the recommended best practices for publication. Bibliometric indicators of quantity, visibility and cooperation were extracted from the SCImago Institutions Rankings website, which is based on Scopus data, in the field of Medicine and category of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health from 2003 to 2011. Cuba has a relatively high position in the rankings of scientific production in both Medicine and Public Health within the international and regional contexts, but its impact is ranked among the last countries. The production trend of both fields has increased, but public health is increasing faster. Leadership is high, but international collaboration is below expectations. Publication in high impact journals (first quartile) and articles in the set 10% most cited documents (excellence) are scarce. Thus, it may be concluded that the volume and impact of publication are not in accordance with the scientific potential of Cuban health. We recommend increasing scientific cooperation, publishing articles in high impact journals, training human resources and following the international recommendations for good editorial and scientific publication practices., [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la evolución del volumen y la visibilidad de la producción científica cubana en Salud Pública y en Medicina para determinar si siguen los mismos patrones de comunicación, y recomendar buenas prácticas de publicación. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos de volumen, visibilidad y colaboración extraídos del portal SCImago Institutions Rankings a partir de datos de Scopus, para el área temática Medicine y la categoría Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, período 2003-2011. Cuba tiene una posición relativamente alta en los rankings de volumen de producción científica tanto en Medicina como en Salud Pública en los contextos internacionales y regionales, mientras que en impacto está entre los últimos países. La tendencia de la producción es al crecimiento, aunque en Salud Pública es más acelerado. El liderazgo es alto, pero la colaboración internacional está por debajo de lo esperado. La publicación en revistas de alto impacto (primer cuartil) y los artículos en el 10% más citado (excelencia) son escasos. Se concluye que el volumen y el impacto de la publicación no están acorde al potencial científico de salud cubana. Se recomienda incrementar la colaboración científica, la publicación de artículos en revistas de alto impacto, la preparación de los recursos humanos y seguir las recomendaciones internacionales sobre las buenas prácticas de edición y publicación científica.

[Background] In the greater framework of the essential functions of Public Health, our focus is on a systematic, objective, external evaluation of Latin American scientific output, to compare its publications in the area of Public Health with those of other major geographic zones. We aim to describe the regional distribution of output in Public Health, and the level of visibility and specialization, for Latin America; it can then be characterized and compared in the international context., [Methods] The primary source of information was the Scopus database, using the category “Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health”, in the period 1996–2011. Data were obtained through the portal of SCImago Journal and Country Rank. Using a set of qualitative (citation-based), quantitative (document recount) and collaborative (authors from more than one country) indicators, we derived complementary data. The methodology serves as an analytical tool for researchers and scientific policy-makers., [Results] The contribution of Latin America to the arsenal of world science lies more or less midway on the international scale in terms of its output and visibility. Revealed as its greatest strengths are the high level of specialization in Public Health and the sustained growth of output. The main limitations identified were a relative decrease in collaboration and low visibility., [Conclusions] Collaboration is a key factor behind the development of scientific activity in Latin America. Although this finding can be useful for formulating research policy in Latin American countries, it also underlines the need for further research into patterns of scientific communication in this region, to arrive at more specific recommendations.

Subject classification arises as an important topic for bibliometrics and scientometrics as to develop reliable and consistent tools and outputs. For this matter, a well delimited underlying subject classification scheme reflecting science fields becomes essential. Within the broad ensemble of classification techniques clustering analysis is one of the most successful. Two clustering algorithms based on modularity, namely, VOS and Louvain methods, are presented in order to update and optimise journal classification of SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) platform. We used network analysis and visualization software Pajek to run both algorithms on a network of more than 18,000 SJR journals combining three citation-based measures, that is, direct citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling. The set of clusters obtained was termed through category labels assigned to SJR journals and significant words from journal titles. Despite of both algorithms exhibiting slight performance differences, the results showed a similar behaviour in grouping journals and, consequently, they seem to be appropriate solutions for classification purposes. The two new generated algorithm-based classifications were compared to other bibliometric classification systems such as the original SJR one and WoS Subject Categories in order to validate their consistency, adequacy and accuracy. Although there are notable differences among the four classification systems analysed, we found a certain coherence and homogeneity among them.

El objetivo del informe es disponer de un instrumento de análisis con información objetiva, útil e independiente, tanto en el origen de los datos como en la generación de indicadores, para realizar diagnósticos basados en el desempeño científico del país, detectar fortalezas y debilidades de los resultados de su investigación, e identificar patrones y tendencias en la comunicación científica que puedan afectar a su posición futura. En esta edición se presentan comparaciones de España con algunos países y con la media del mundo para el periodo 2003-2011. Las comparaciones internacionales se realizan con los países de la OCDE, la Europa de los 28 y los países emergentes denominados BRIICS (Brasil, Rusia, India, Indonesia, China y Sudáfrica), y se comparan las tendencias de la producción científica española con los principales países europeos como Reino Unido, Alemania, Francia e Italia y también con la India. La media del mundo se calcula sobre el total de la producción mundial. Los temas analizados están en consonancia con los ejes prioritarios de las actuales políticas del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016. Se hace especial énfasis en la excelencia científica, la capacidad de liderazgo nacional e internacional, el grado de dependencia de los socios con los que se colabora para lograr buenos resultados, el grado de autonomía de la colaboración internacional para lograr resultados que constituyan fortalezas científicas lideradas por el país, y la capacidad institucional de transferencia de conocimiento.

Como en ediciones anteriores, el objetivo es presentar los principales indicadores de producción científica de España, referidos al total de la producción del país, y al conjunto de las principales instituciones productivas que lo conforman. La posición de la ciencia española a partir de estos indicadores se enmarca desde una perspectiva internacional, permitiendo un análisis comparado de su situación y evolución en el contexto mundial. La validez de estos indicadores bibliométricos como medida de la producción y visibilidad de los resultados de investigación está asociada al grado en que estos resultados se transmiten a través de publicaciones científicas en forma de artículos. Se ha intentado utilizar el rango cronológico más amplio en todos los casos para caracterizar en el tiempo la producción científica nacional, y para esto, se han incorporado distintas ventanas temporales que ilustran los cambios producidos en la forma de publicación de la investigación española. Los indicadores y las dimensiones que se analizan son: el volumen de la producción científica a partir del número total de publicaciones; una aproximación al uso y consumo de los resultados científicos por parte de los investigadores a partir del promedio de citas que reciben dichas publicaciones; la calidad relativa a través del índice normalizado de impacto –respecto a la media mundial– de un país, región o institución (lo que permite comparar unidades con especializaciones científicas y temáticas muy diversas); el factor de impacto de la revista de publicación (mide la visibilidad) y, específicamente, el porcentaje de publicaciones en aquellas revistas clasificadas en el primer cuartil, según su impacto; el porcentaje de excelencia científica que indica la cantidad de producción científica que se ha incluido en el grupo del 10% de trabajos más citados de su campo científico a nivel mundial; el porcentaje de liderazgo científico y la proporción de colaboración internacional en las publicaciones. Pa

En este apartado se presentan las instituciones españolas de educación superior a partir de una serie de indicadores cienciométricos que caractericen y posicionen a las universidades en un ranking teniendo en cuenta lo trabajos científicos publicados. Se considerarán, para la ordenación del ranking, los siguientes indicadores: el volumen total de producción científica, la calidad relativa medida a través de indicadores de impacto de esos trabajos, el porcentaje de trabajos publicados en el primer cuartil de cada categoría y el porcentaje de trabajos publicados entre el 10% de los más citados de cada categoría en los que la institución ha liderado la investigación. Se ha considerado incluir este indicador como exponente de la capacidad de las organizaciones para encabezar las propuestas de investigación y lograr, posteriormente, altas tasas de citación en dichos trabajos. Los datos se han generado a partir de los registros bibliográficos incluidos en la base de datos Scopus (propiedad de Elsevier B.V., el primer editor mundial de revistas científicas), que contiene actualmente más de 19 millones de documentos con sus referencias bibliográficas, procedentes de un total de cerca de 20.000 revistas científicas de todos los campos, que han sido publicados desde 1996. La base de datos Scopus duplica el número de revistas indizadas con respecto a la Web of Science (de Thomsom Reuters), lo que asegura una mayor cobertura temática y geográfica.

Esta tercera versión actualiza la información del estudio realizado en 2013 y contiene indicadores generados por documentos publicados hasta el año 2012. Presenta así una serie de datos, indicadores y análisis del sistema nacional de ciencia y tecnología e innovación en su conjunto, distribuidos por sector, disciplinas, regiones e instituciones, entre otros criterios, y asociados a un conjunto de indicadores de esfuerzo, excelencia, impacto, liderazgo y visibilidad de la producción científica nacional. Junto a lo anterior, por primera vez en esta serie de estudios cienciométricos, el Grupo Scimago presenta los indicadores de conocimiento innovador, Innovative Knowkedge (IK) y Scientific Capital Pool (SKP). Sin lugar a dudas, estos nuevos indicadores permitirán contar con otra mirada sobre el sistema nacional de ciencia y tecnología e innovación, siendo esta una oportunidad para abrir un espacio de discusión más informado sobre el desempeño y desarrollo de la ciencia en Chile

Este trabajo presenta un avance de resultados sobre algunos patrones de comportamiento de la producción científica cubana para el período 2003-2011 en la base de datos Scopus. A partir de un conjunto de indicadores bibliométricos, se pretende dar luz sobre cómo evoluciona el volumen y la presencia de producción científica, tanto en revistas cubanas como extranjeras y su distribución y visibilidad por cuartiles. También se realiza un análisis de las citas por documento recibidas dependiendo de la lengua de publicación y los tipos de colaboración. Los resultados ayudan a entender patrones y estrategias de expansión en la comunicación científica que pueden ser útiles en la toma de decisiones tanto a nivel académico e institucional, como editorial para la mejora de su calidad científica y su apertura internacional

En los últimos años, los estudios bibliométricos se han convertido en un instrumento fundamental de análisis en los países más desarrollados porque ayudan a mejorar la gestión de la política científica y tecnológica. Los indicadores bibliométricos también han sido incorporados a la evaluación de la actividad científica y de las publicaciones elaboradas periódicamente sobre indicadores de ciencia y tecnología. El informe "Principales indicadores bibliométricos de la actividad científica peruana, 2006– 2011" tiene por objeto caracterizar la investigación científica desarrollada en nuestro país. Determina la visibilidad, colaboración, impacto, excelencia y liderazgo alcanzado por las publicaciones de investigadores afiliados a instituciones peruanas en ese periodo, utilizando como fuente de datos Scopus y la metodología de SCImago Research Group. El informe resalta el alto porcentaje de investigaciones que, a pesar de realizarse en número reducido, son publicadas en revistas de prestigio internacional, lo que ubica al Perú en el puesto 11 entre los países del mundo que más citas recibieron por documento publicado durante 2011. Además, pone en evidencia la necesidad de diversificar e incrementar las publicaciones de calidad, y de aumentar la producción científica con liderazgo nacional.

We propose a method for selecting the research guarantor when papers are co-authored. The method is simply based on identifying the corresponding author. The method is here applied to global scientific output based on the SCOPUS database in order to build a new output distribution by country. This new distribution is then compared with previous output distributions by country but which were based on whole or fractional counting, not only for the total output but also for the excellence output (papers belonging to the 10 % most cited papers). The comparison allows one to examine the effect of the different methodological approaches on the scientific performance indicators assigned to countries. In some cases, there was a very large variation in scientific performance between the total output (whole counting) and output as research guarantor. The research guarantor approach is especially interesting when used with the excellence output where the quantity of excellent papers is also a quality indicator. The impact of excellent papers naturally has less variability as they are all top-cited papers.

Using data compiled for the SCImago Institutions Ranking, we look at whether the subject area type an institution (university or research-focused institution) belongs to (in terms of the fields researched) has an influence on its ranking position. We used latent class analysis to categorize institutions based on their publications in certain subject areas. Even though this categorization does not relate directly to scientific performance, our results show that it exercises an important influence on the outcome of a performance measurement: Certain subject area types of institutions have an advantage in the ranking positions when compared with others. This advantage manifests itself not only when performance is measured with an indicator that is not field-normalized but also for indicators that are field-normalized.

Como en ediciones anteriores, el objetivo es presentar los principales indicadores de producción científica de España, tanto en cantidad como en calidad y visibilidad a nivel nacional y a nivel sectorial centrado en instituciones universitarias. De esta manera se contextualiza desde una perspectiva comparada internacional, la posición española, permitiendo un análisis más completo y de contexto de la situación y su evolución. Además se presentan datos sobre la especialización relativa en campos científicos de España con relación a Europa, así como los datos de producción, productividad científica y calidad relativa por comunidades autónomas. Finalmente se presenta la posición de las instituciones de investigación españolas más importantes en el ranking mundial de instituciones de investigación

This document presents a new query for the retrieval of information about Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (N&N) based on the combination of previously published search strategies, contrasted by the scientific community. It led us to identify 80 core journals of N&N in Scopus, then map and analyze the underlying structure of N&N output using visualization techniques. N&N is established as a productive young discipline, crosscutting other fields in its rapid evolution, for which reason it has poorly defined limits to date, and needs some time to consolidate its identity as a discipline. Materials & Methods On 06/11/2012 we launched a search against the Scopus database using the combination of different queries proposed previously. Query 1 included terms with the root nano*, while excluding any terms containing the root nano* yet not related with N&N. To this end, we referred to the combination of proposals made by Noyons et al., 2003; Glänzel et al., 2003; Huang et al., 2003; and Meyer, Debackere and Glänzel, 2010. In turn, query 2 combined instruments and processes utilized in N&N with different types of materials, functions and other terms, in the wake of proposals by Noyons et al., 2003, Glänzel et al., 2003, Kostoff, Koytcheff and Lau, 2007 and Porter et al., 2008. Finally, query 3 included a series of terms related with N&N and was based on the work of Noyons et al., 2003; Glänzel et al., 2003; Huang et al., 2003; Kostoff, Koytcheff and Lau, 2006; Porter et al., 2008; and Lv et al., 2011. The combination of these three searches led to a new query which we believe can be perfectly adopted for the identification of N&N documents in any specialized or multidisciplinary database (Annex).

[EN] Based on bibliometric indexes developed by SCImago Research Group, from the Higher Council of Scientific Research of Spain, the characterization of the scientific activity in Cuban universities is done. The volume and the thematic specialization of scientific production is analyzed; those that have generated a bigger quantity of research articles along the five year periods covered by the SCImago ranking of Iberian-American institutions during the 2009-2013 period are identified. Institutions with more international collaboration and how this has influenced on the visibility and impact of the researches are analyzed. The impact of scientific production on the international community is studied, from new indexes based on the analysis of quotations. Universities with bigger volumes of excellence scientific production are identified, as well as those with more leadership not only on their general production, but on the most visible literature they generate. The international context is used, and specifically the Iberian-American environment, to establish comparative patterns and a group of factors that can influence the future development of national research in the academic environment are analyzed., [ES] A partir de indicadores bibliométricos desarrollados por el grupo de Investigación SCImago, del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científfcas de España (CSIC), se realiza la caracterización de la actividad cientiffca en las universidades cubanas. Se analiza el volumen y la especialización temática de la producción científica y se identifican las que han generado una mayorcantidad de articulos de investigación a Io largo de los quinquenios abarcados por el ranking de instituciones iberoamericanas de SCImago durante el periodo 2009-2013. Se examinan las instituciones con mayor colaboración internacional y cómo esta ha ejercido una influencia sobre la visibilidad y el impacto de las investigaciones. Se estudia el impacto de la producción científica sobre la comunidad internacional, a partir de novedosos indicadores basados en análisis de citas. Se identifican las universidades que han alcanzado mayores volúmenes de producción científfca de excelencia, así como aquellas con mayor liderazgo no solo sobre su producción general, sino sobre Ia literatura rnás visible que generan. Se utiliza el contexto intemacional, y específicamente en el entorno iberoamericano, para establecer patrones comparativos y se analizan un conjunto de factores que pueden influir en el desarrollo futuro de las investigaciones nacionales en el ámbito académico.

Caracterizar la investigación científica desarrollada en Chile a través de la determinación de su visibilidad, colaboración, impacto, excelencia y liderazgo durante el período 2006-2011 fue la tarea encomendada por la Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, a través de su Programa de Información Científica, a SCImago Research Group, y que quedó plasmada en el libro “Principales indicadores cienciométricos de la actividad científica chilena 2011. Informe 2013”, publicación presentada recientemente por el Dr. Félix de Moya y Anegón, director de este reconocido grupo de investigación. Esta es la segunda vez en que CONICYT impulsa la realización de este informe desde que en 2012 iniciara un proceso sistemático y permanente de monitoreo de los indicadores cienciométricos más importantes que caracterizan el sistema nacional de ciencia y tecnología. Una de las principales conclusiones obtenidas es que la participación chilena en la investigación mundial se duplicó en los últimos 16 años, pasando de 0,15% en 1996 a un 0,31% en 2011. Asimismo, el crecimiento promedio de la producción científica en Chile en el período estudiado fue de 11,06% anual, superando en 0,3 puntos porcentuales la tasa de América Latina y en 3,83 puntos la del mundo. El informe contiene relevante información que permite apreciar los avances respecto a la línea de base 2006-2010 que fue usada para el estudio anterior. Además, fue posible identificar las categorías temáticas que destacan como fortalezas científicas para el país; caracterizar los resultados de las principales instituciones investigadoras del país; conocer la proyección de los indicadores cienciométricos; conocer la actividad investigadora por regiones y evaluar el impacto de los programas administrados por CONICYT. Estos dos últimos puntos son inéditos respecto a la publicación anterior. El estudio recopiló información bibliográfica basal de la base de datos Scopus de Elsevier, por lo tanto, sólo considera aquellas in

Se presentan las instituciones españolas de educación superior a partir de una serie de indicadores cienciométricos que caracterizan y posicionan a las universidades en un ranking teniendo en cuenta los trabajos científicos publicados. Se considerarán para la ordenación del ranking los siguientes indicadores: el volumen total de producción científica, la calidad relativa medida a través de indicadores de impacto de esos trabajos, y el porcentaje de trabajos publicados entre el 10% de los más citados de cada categoría en los que la institución ha liderado la investigación. Se ha considerado incluir este nuevo indicador como exponente de la capacidad de las organizaciones para encabezar las propuestas de investigación y lograr, posteriormente, altas tasas de citación en dichos trabajos.

This short communication analyzes the scientific activity and impact of the different Cuban research sectors during the period 2003-2007. Only a minority set of bibliometrical papers are focused in the particular study of research sectors involved in national scientific output. National or regional dynamics of the university-industry-government relationships, based on “The Triple Helix model” proposed by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, is among the most studied topics. Interdisciplinary links and inter-regional research collaboration are also related topics raised.

[EN] The scientific output of research sectors involved in Cuban R&D activities during the period 2003-2007, using Scopus as data source, was analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative dimension of the scientific production was described through a set of bibliometric indicators. The most productive and visible sectors were identified. The evolution of the total scientific output by sector, and the behavior of the three most important sectors were studied. Inter-sector relationships were visualized with the aim to analyze the national scientific macro-structure. The growth of Higher Education and Health Sector determined the nation's growth during this period. Despite a positive evolution of the Cuban scientific output, a weak linkage between universities and institutions of science and technological innovation, and also scarce relationships between scientific research centers and health institutions, were observed. Low indices of international collaboration in Health Sector, and deficient links between R&D units of enterprises and institutions belonging to Higher Education and Science and Technology, were also identified., [ES] Se analizó la producción científica de los sectores involucrados en las actividades de I+D desarrolladas en Cuba durante el período 2003-2007, con el uso de Scopus http://scielo.sld.cu 243 Revista Cubana de Información en Ciencias de la Salud. 2013;24(3):243-254 como fuente de datos. Las dimensiones cuantitativa y cualitativa de la producción científica fueron caracterizadas a partir de una batería de indicadores bibliométricos. Fueron identificados los sectores más productivos y visibles. Se estudió la evolución de la producción total por sectores y el comportamiento de los tres sectores más importantes. Las relaciones intersectoriales fueron visualizadas con el fin de analizar la macroestructura de la ciencia nacional. El desarrollo de la Educación Superior y el sector Salud determinaron la evolución de la nación durante el período. A pesar de la positiva evolución de la producción científica cubana, fueron observados enlaces débiles entre las universidades y las entidades de ciencia e innovación tecnológica, e igualmente escasas relaciones entre centros de investigación científica e instituciones de salud. Fueron identificados, además, bajos índices de colaboración internacional en el sector Salud, y deficientes enlaces entre las unidades de I+D de las empresas y las instituciones pertenecientes a los sectores Educación Superior y Ciencia y Tecnología.

The paper introduces the use of blockmodeling in the micro-level study of the internal structure of co-authorship networks over time. Variations in scientific productivity and researcher or research group visibility were determined by observing authors' role in the core-periphery structure and crossing this information with bibliometric data. Three techniques were applied to represent the structure of collaborative science: (1) the blockmodeling; (2) the Kamada-Kawai algorithm based on the similarities in co-authorships present in the documents analysed; (3) bibliometrics to determine output volume, impact and degree of collaboration from the bibliographic data drawn from publications. The goal was to determine the extent to which the use of these two complementary approaches, in conjunction with bibliometric data, provides greater insight into the structure and characteristics of a given field of scientific endeavour. The paper describes certain features of Pajek software and how it can be used to study research group composition, structure and dynamics. The approach combines bibliometric and social network analysis to explore scientific collaboration networks and monitor individual and group careers from new perspectives. Its application on a small-scale case study is intended as an example and can be used in other disciplines. It may be very useful for the appraisal of scientific developments. © 2012 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary.

[Objective] The present study offers a novel methodological contribution to the study of the configuration and dynamics of research groups, through a comparative perspective of the projects funded (inputs) and publication co-authorships (output)., [Method] A combination of bibliometric techniques and social network analysis was applied to a case study: the Departmento de Bibliotecología (DHUBI), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, for the period 2000-2009. The results were interpreted statistically and staff members of the department, were interviewed., [Results] The method makes it possible to distinguish groups, identify their members and reflect group make-up through an analytical strategy that involves the categorization of actors and the interdisciplinary and national or international projection of the networks that they configure. The integration of these two aspects (input and output) at different points in time over the analyzed period leads to inferences about group profiles and the roles of actors., [Conclusions] The methodology presented is conducive to micro-level interpretations in a given area of study, regarding individual researchers or research groups. Because the comparative input-output analysis broadens the base of information and makes it possible to follow up, over time, individual and group trends, it may prove very useful for the management, promotion and evaluation of science.