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A new mechanistic approach to overcome the neurodegenerative disorders caused by oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is highly stressed in this article. Thus, a newly formulated drug (zinc ortho-methyl carbonodithioate (ZOMEC)) was investigated for five weeks on seven-week-old BALB/c male mice. ZOMEC 30 mg/kg was postadministered intraperitoneally during the third week of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection. The brain homogenates of the mice were evaluated for their antioxidant potential for ZOMEC. The results including catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) demonstrated that ZOMEC significantly reverted the oxidative stress stimulated by PTZ in the mouse brain. ZOMEC upregulated p-Akt/Nrf-2 pathways (also supported by molecular docking methods) to revoke PTZ-induced apoptotic protein markers. ZOMEC reversed PTZ-induced neuronal synapse deficits, improved oxidative stress-aided memory impairment, and inhibited the amyloidogenic pathway in mouse brains. The results suggested the potential of ZOMEC as a new, safe, and neurotherapeutic agent to cure neurodegenerative disorders by decreasing AD-like neuropathology in the animal PTZ model.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of bullying on the mental effect of adolescents. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Sacred Heart Convent School and Ibn e Sina School in Lahore. The data was compiled and analyzed at CMH Lahore Medical College. Period: November 2019-January 2020. Material & Methods: Three hundred and eighty one participants were selected from both schools and the severity of bullying was analyzed by using a Performa. The scores were calculated and compared with Victimization scale and WHO wellbeing index respectively. Results: The Victimization scale had a score range from 54 to 0. The mean was 8.04 with a Std. Deviation of 9.12. For the WHO well Being Index, 42.8% of total students scored less than 13, indicating negative impacts on mental health. 57.2% of students scored 13 or more. The correlation between Victimization Scale and WHO positive Wellbeing Index had a p-value of 0.844 which is insignificant, showing no correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: In Pakistan, traditional bullying is common and is clearly related with lower general happiness and higher depression. There is a need to incorporate the promotion of anti-bullying programs and promote positive health as an integral part of the curriculums of Pakistani Schools.

Background α-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant present in the skin. Its concentration decreases with age. Synthetically available α-tocopherol is viscous, irritating to skin and unstable toward oxidation and ultraviolet (UV) light. Aims To develop fatty acids based nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) gel loaded with α-tocopherol and to evaluate its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. Methods Lauric acid, oleic acid, and Tween-80 were used as solid lipid, liquid lipid, and surfactant, respectively. Seven formulations (F0-F6) were developed by using different concentration of ingredients. Most optimized formulation (F2) was selected for further study on the basis of characterization. Dialysis tube method was used for release study. F2 was incorporated in gel, and then, in vitro and noninvasive in vivo study regarding skin moisture content by corneometer® and skin mechanical properties by cutometer® for 12 weeks on human volunteers (n = 13) was conducted. Results Size, polydispersibility index (PDI), zeta potential, and %entrapment efficiency (%EE) of optimized formulation (F2) were found 82 nm, 0.261, -28.6, and 94.88 ± 1.16, respectively. Particles were spherical in shape. The release profile showed initial burst and then sustained release, and release data were best fitted to weibull model. α-tocopherol loaded NLC gel (NLCG) appeared physically stable for 12 weeks at room temperature and showed significant results in terms of skin capacitance and mechanical properties. Rheological assessment showed non-Newtonian behavior. Conclusion Fatty acids based NLC proved to be a promising carrier of photochemically unstable lipophilic vitamin E with enhanced moisturizing and anti-aging properties.

Background: Coronavirus epidemic has affected wide pulverization throughout the world. There is plenty of data and falsehood via online media with respect to medications and treatment for it. One of the viral advice nowadays is the use of Cassia angustifolia (Senna Makki). Methodology: This was an in-silico study to evaluate the efficacy of phytoconstituents of Senna against viral spike protein. Results: After docking several phytoconstituents of Senna using AutoDock 4, Emodin was found to best bind with the viral spike protein. Conclusion: Emodin shows great binding capacity with the SARS-CoronaV-2 spike protein and it has feasible pharmacokinetic properties to be used as a drug. Thus, we can infer that Emodin might be helpful for the management of COVID-19. Additional studies and trials are required to assess their actions. Keywords: COVID-19, Cassia angustifolia, Senna Makki, In silico

Classification of High-dimensional data, such as gene expression data having far more variables (genes) than observations, is challenging. Classifiers aggregation known as ensemble method has prove...

Back Ground & Objectives: One of the important neurological disorders: Epilepsy is marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory instabilities, unconsciousness, or convulsions linked with abnormal actions of the brain. Review of literature exposed very partial research studies considering a combination of and serum Prolactin (PRL) and Creatine Phospho kinase (CPK) and as markers for differentiating epileptic and psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES). Therefore, in the present study, we analysed the role of serum PRL and CPK, individually and in combination to evaluate the significance of the levels of PRL & CPK in female Patients of Grand Mal epilepsy and Pseudo seizures. Methodology: We conducted this cross-sectional study in a tertiary care medical teaching hospital over a period of 2 years after getting ethical approval from Advance Studies & Research board. We recruited ninety female subjects in our study and divided them in three groups, each of which comprised of 30 subjects. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 21. ANOVA was used to compare the results of the different groups. P< 0.001was taken as significant Results: The results of this study showed significant difference between the levels of PRL & CPK among three groups. Both PRL & CPK were found higher in epileptic group as compared to pseudo-seizures and control group (p <0.001) Conclusion: The study concluded that both Prolactin & Creatine Phosphokinase may be used as reliable biochemical marker in the diagnosis of grand mal seizures in females and segregating it from pseudo-seizures in female patients. Key words: Creatine Phosphokinase, Prolactin, Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Pseudo-Seizures

Epilepsy is a condition of the brain characterized by abnormal, recurrent and excessive discharge from living neurons of brain. It comes in attacks or fits which lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes. It is important to distinguish generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) from either psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). This study is designed to determine the level of prolactin hormone in females suffering from Grand Mal epilepsy and Pseudo seizures. Methodology: After getting approval from Ethical Review Board, this cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care medical teaching hospital over a period of 2 years. A total of Ninety (90) female subjects were enrolled in this study and they were divided in three groups equally. :Group-1(n=30) included patients with known cases of grand mal seizures as well as recently diagnosed cases of GTCS. Group-2 (n=30): Patients with previous history of pseudo seizures.Group-3 (n=30): Control group, healthy females of comparable age. Quantitative data was presented as Mean ± SD and ANOVA was used to compare the results of the different groups. Statistical significance was set at p- value ≤ 0.001. Results: The results showed significant difference of serum prolactin levels among three groups (p value 0.0001). Serum prolactin level was higher in epileptic group as compared to pseudo-seizures and control group (p Conclusion: It is concluded that serum prolactin may be used as a sensitive biochemical marker in the diagnosis of grand mal seizures in females and is also helpful in differentiating it from pseudo-seizures Key words: Prolactin, Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Pseudo-Seizures.

Background: Bullying can be a major problem for many children at most schools. Traditionally, bullying is associated with lower academic achievements and generally lower life satisfaction in a child’s primary years of life. Previous studies exploring the effects of bullying on positive psychological constructs of a child have shown varying results. Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the degree of bullying in two different schools of Lahore and evaluate its effect on the positive mental wellbeing of the students of each institution. Methods: 381 participants were selected from two schools of Lahore, Pakistan: Sacred Heart Convent and Ibne Sina College. The students selected were from grades 6 to 10. The severity of bullying was analyzed by using a questionnaire designed using the Victimization Scale and the WHO-5 Scale. The scores were calculated for each school and the results were compared for victimization and positive mental wellbeing. Results: The mean score for victimization was 8.90 at the Ibne Sina College and 5.89 at the Sacred Heart Convent, which means the incidence of bullying was higher at Ibne Sina College. According to WHO Wellbeing Index, the mental wellbeing was also higher at Ibne Sina College, with 60.7% of students reporting a score higher than 13, as compared to 48.6% from Sacred Heart Convent. Conclusion: These results suggest that in Pakistan, the rate of traditional bullying is higher among students of co-educational school i.e., students of both genders in the same school or college, however, they also report higher general happiness and lower risk for depression. Irrespectively, there is a need to incorporate the promotion of anti-bullying programs and promote positive health as an integral part of the curriculums in school.