1. Hansen solubility parameters and quality-by-design oriented optimized cationic nanoemulsion for transdermal drug delivery of tolterodine tartrate.
- Author
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Ramzan M, Khan T, Usman Mohd Siddique M, Khuroo T, and Shahid M
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Excipients chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Cations chemistry, Caprylates chemistry, Hemolysis drug effects, Rats, Wistar, Drug Delivery Systems methods, Skin metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Glycerides, Polymers, Propylene Glycols, Solubility, Administration, Cutaneous, Emulsions, Skin Absorption, Biological Availability, Drug Liberation, Tolterodine Tartrate administration & dosage, Tolterodine Tartrate pharmacokinetics, Muscarinic Antagonists administration & dosage, Muscarinic Antagonists pharmacokinetics, Muscarinic Antagonists chemistry, Muscarinic Antagonists toxicity, Polysorbates chemistry, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry
- Abstract
Tolterodine tartrate (TOT) is a selective anti-muscarinic drug to treat urinary urgency and overactive urinary bladder (OAB) occurring in children, renal disease and elderly patients. Oral delivery is associated with several adverse effects. We addressed HSPiP and QbD (quality by design)-oriented TOT loaded cationic nanoemulsions for transdermal delivery. Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) screened excipients based on theoretical solubility whereas, QbD optimized cationic nanoemulsions (CNE-TOT-6). Formulation characteristic parameters were desirable to execute targeted in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation profiles. In vitro hemolysis was conducted at varied concentrations whereas, histopathological study supported the safety aspect of CNE-TOT6. A comparative bioavailability was carried out in a rat model. Capmul PG8 (CAP), tween 80, and PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol 400) were screened based on HSP and experimental solubility data. QbD suggested optimized content of CAP, tween 80, and PEG 400 to achieve the lowest value of size (184 nm), maximum % entrapment efficiency (87.2 %), high zeta potential (+32.6 mV), optimum viscosity (47.19 cP), and high extrudability (96 %) as compared to its gel. High gel consistency slowed down the drug release and permeation flux as compared to CNE-TOT6 suspension. Hemocompatible CNE-TOT6 increased pharmacokinetic parameters as compared to the control and gel without causing skin toxicity after application. Thus, HSPiP and QbD oriented cationic nanoemulsions are promising carriers to treat overactive urinary bladder., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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