1. Activating autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors in narcolepsy type 1
- Author
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Markku Partinen, Anniina Alakuijala, Eemil Partinen, Maija Orjatsalo, Gerd Wallukat, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Kliinisen neurofysiologian yksikkö, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Neurologian yksikkö, HUS Neurocenter, and Helsinki University Hospital Area
- Subjects
Narcolepsy type 1 ,Cataplexy ,Hypocretin ,3124 Neurology and psychiatry ,Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ,M2 muscarinic receptor autoantibodies ,AUTONOMIC CONTROL ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,Humans ,Receptor ,MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS ,Autoantibodies ,Narcolepsy ,Orexins ,CARDIOMYOPATHY ,HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY ,STRIATUM ,business.industry ,Neuropeptides ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Autoantibody ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,SLEEP ,3. Good health ,Orexin ,Nociception ,030228 respiratory system ,Nociception receptor autoantibodies ,Immunology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,CATAPLEXY ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,beta 2 adrenergic receptor autoantibodies - Abstract
Study objectives: Narcolepsy type 1 is a rare hypersomnia of central origin, which is caused by loss of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptides hypocretin-1 and -2. Hypocretin-containing nerve terminals are found in areas known to play a central role in autonomic control and in pain signaling. Cholinergic M2 receptors are found in brain areas involved with the occurrence of hallucinations and cataplexy. In addition to classical symptoms of narcolepsy, the patients suffer frequently from autonomic dysfunction, chronic pain, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations. We aimed to test whether narcolepsy type 1 patients have autoantibodies against autonomic beta 2 adrenergic receptor, M2 muscarinic receptors, or nociception receptors. Methods: We tested the serum of ten narcolepsy type 1 patients (five female) for activating beta 2 adrenergic receptor autoantibodies, M2 muscarinic receptor autoantibodies, and nociception receptor autoantibodies. Results: Ten of ten patients were positive for muscarinic M2 receptor autoantibodies (P
- Published
- 2021